GWS Kenya /v)A | * J [X/IP K/ATDAAAIKIYX consultantu s in development management
R824 TZMO92
Wate Healtr fo r h
MOROGORO
Formulatio Rurae th f no l Water Suppl Sanitatiod yan n Programme (RWSP) Tanzania
District Profiles
VOLUME II
RE
DRAFT REPORT MAY 1992 !>J; U AN,NUD ^-'-;-GP.; U'. •'••>.^' ,; •; e " Th Th Hagu» | TABL F CONTENTEO S ----- A- • ^H;M .^50)f 9 AU1PQ m9 AeD ij !l | P.O. !>«v- -—'*''-• - i/ql/l/lO Tel. 1.07U) 3149 next 141(1*2
1. INTRODUCTION ' LO:
2. SANITATION ...... 777...... 2
2.1 CHOLERA IS EPIDEMIC IN THE MOROGORO REGION ...... 2 . 2.2 STAFFING...... 2 . IMPACHYGIENE E TH TH SANITATIO F 2.D TO 3 E AN N 2 .. 2.4 HEALT & SANITATIOH N PROGRAMMES CUR- RENTLY ...... 2 5 2. GENDER ISSUE RELATION SI HYGIENO NT D EAN SANITATION...... 3
. 3 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ...... 4 .
3.1 SUFFICIENT FIELD STAFF ...... 4 3.2 NEW APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY PARTICI- PATION ...... 4 3.3 MOBILISATION ...... 4 3.4 PERSPECTIVE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT ...... 4 3.5 THE CD DEPARTMENTS HAVE IN GENERAL SUFFICIENT FEMALE STAFF ...... 5
4. GENDER ISSUES ...... 6
4.1 GENDER ISSUES ARE BEING DEALT WITH ON A PRACTICAL BASIS ...... 6 ABSENCE TH 4. WOMEF 2E O MAKINN I G PROCESS ..6 . 4.3 THER S I HARDLE E Y FEMALTH AN Y N I E FTELDSTAFF ...... 6 4.4 WOMENS PARTICIPATION IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS ...... 6 4.5 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILIT WATEF YO R TOWARD6 S 4.6 DEVELOPING WITH THE RCDOI ...... 7
5. IMPLEMENTATION CAPACIT DISTRICE TH N YI T ....8 .
5.1 PLANNING ...... 8 . 5.2 SUSTAINABnJTY ...... 8 5.3 ACCOUNTABILITY ...... 9 5.4 TRANSPORT ...... 9 5.5 MANAGEMENT AT DISTRICT LEVEL ...... 10 6. ESTIMATEE DISTRICTH R TFO S BUDGET NEXT PHASE ...... 1 1 .
. 7 TANZANIAN WELLS SERVIC SUPPLD EAN Y COMPAN3 1 Y
APPENDICES
. I Kilosa
. II Ulanga
III. Kilombero
IV. Morogoro Rural LIS ABBREVIATIONF TO S
Afya Ministry of Health AMREF African Medica Researcd an l h Foundation ARDHI Institute in Dar es Salaam A CD Community Development Assistant DANIDA Danish Development Cooperation D DE District Executive Director DFA District Field Assistant (under Maji) DGIS Directorate Genera r Internationafo l l Cooperatione Th , Netherlands DHV DHV Consultants, The Netherlands D-PSU District Programme Support Units M DP District Programme Manager DWP Domestic Water Points EC Electrical Conductivity FINNIDA Finnish Development Cooperation GTZ German Development Cooperation S GW Groundwater Survey Ltd. Kenya GoN Government of The Netherlands GoT Government of Tanzania HESAWA HEalt SAnitatiod han n through WAter development IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre IWP Improved Water Points IWS Improved Water Supply Maendeleo Ministry of Community Development Maji Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals MWEM Ministr f Wateryo , Energ Minerald yan s NEPP-plus National Environmental Policy Plan 1990-1994, The Netherlands NORAD Norwegian Development Cooperation OOP Objective Oriented Planning RC Regional Commissioner D RD Regional Development Director E RN Royal Netherlands Embassy R-PSU Regional Programme Support Unit RWSP Rural Water and Sanitation Programme SIDA Swedish Development Cooperation SWL Static Water Level SWN (SO) Handpump used in RWSP TWSSC Handpump factory Morogoro UNDP United Nations Development Programme VHA Village Health Assistants WSU Watersector Support Unit Brief Summary of Findings Draft Morogoro Team
1. INTRODUCTION
Anno 1992 after 15 years of assistance to the domestic water supply sector in the Morogoro region, the district water profiles indicate the following:
e dat population Th ao n covere improvey db d water supplye (IWSth d an ) available infrastructur r IWSfollowss a fo e s i , :
S DistricIW availablt 2 9 p ePo Area km2 est. coverage infrastr. Morogoro 19,25% 44 0 478,00% 26 0 Kilosa 14,245 407,000 25% 46% Kilombero 14,91% 47 8 227,00% 39 0 Ulanga 24,56% 47 0 151,00% 29 0
In the districts of Morogoro Rural and Kilosa, water shortage is a severe problem. However ,othe o thitw s r e hardldistrictscase th th n ei s y i , where save water is the main issue.
Expansion of the programme in the districts of Ulanga and Kilombero should e donb shalloy eb w well piped an s d supplies where shallot w no well e ar s possible. Alternatives like roof catchments should also be considered. The situation in the districts of Kilosa and Morogoro is different. Virtually all villages where shallow wells are possible, are already included in the programme. For other villages alternatives such as piped supplies, roof catchments, sand dams, subsurface dams and others are to be considered. Reliability, cost and maintenance are the most important selection criteria.
supple Th watef yo r does influenc attitude targee th th f eto groupe th f so programme. In Morogoro Rural and Kilosa, the willingness in the villages to contribute to the water fund is for instance better than in Ulanga. In the districts of Kilombero and of Ulanga save water and improved health appear e maith ne b benefit o t introducinn i s d e linshoulf an th o e e S db gIW approach in the next phase. woman'e Th s involvement wit managemene hth f improveo t d water supply at village level varies and depends to a great extent on how severe the water shortage participatioTh . is e f womeo n t districa n d divisioan t n level (administration alss i ) o limited. SANITATION
2.1 CHOLERA IS EPIDEMIC IN THE MOROGORO REGION
In the district of Kilombero 849 cases were registered in the period Dec '91/Jan '92 proble.e Parth f o t mcauses i latriny db e pits collapsino t e gdu high water levels.
2 2. STAFFING
In each District there is sufficient HA staff available to expand the programm otheo et r divisions.
2.3 THE IMPACT OF THE HYGIENE AND SANITATION EDUCATIO OPTIMAT NO NS I L followinge th o t e Thi;du s si trainin bees gha n targete muco dto leadero ht s suc wars ha d secretaries, village secretariefinae th l o t beneficiaries t VWSd no s an d Can . HA's methods of educating villagers is done e.g. by inspecting their house latrinesd san . This creates resistance. HAs miss skills in communication and community mobilization. Sofar little training is done in the villages with the final users.
2.4 HEALT SANITATIOH& N PROGRAMMES CURRENTLY OPERATING ARE:
Primary Health Care including Facts for Life Child Survival Development Rural Water & Sanitation Programme
The three programmes use the same personnel at division level and have nearly the same message where it concerns hygiene and sanitation. In villages in whicprogramme3 e hth operatinge ar s , RWSP should offer more than education onlye suggestioTh . o establist s ni ha revolvin g loan funr fo d construction of latrine slabs and drainage improvement
e Positio2 Villagf no e Health Workers (VHW)
The Village Health Worker is to be instrumental for continuous improvement healte th f sho situatio villagt na eW RWSlevele th VH e n .I P th is use promoto dt e better sanitatio hygiend nan e practice she/hd an s s ei responsible for monitoring/reporting. Currently the position of the VHWs is weak as most of them have: t receiveno d initial training t receivinno e salary ar gan y RWSP is to allocate funds for training VHWs of those villages not covered by other programmes. This training has to be the standard 2 month course apolicT s indicatePrimarn GO y o e th n ydi Health Care. Furthermoro et allow for better working conditions at village level, the DWSC is to take care that by-law paymente th r sfo VHWf villagso e th y seb governmen passee tar d in the district council.
2.5 GENDER ISSUE N RELATIOI S O HYGIENT N D AN E SANITATION:
there are hardly any female staff hi the preventive health care system in the districts concerned gende t rconsidere no issue e ar sgended an d r specifit cno date ar a available. nexe inth t projece phasth f eo framewora t dealinr kfo g with gender issues is to be developed. 3. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
3.1 SUFFICIENT FIELD STAFF
Sufficient field staf availabls i f divisionw ne eac n ei e th ho s t r districfo d an t coverede b . Motivatio stafD goods C i f stafe e th .Th f f nrealizeo se thath n i t present programme the beneficiaries not reach as the training stops at the level of village government, VWSC and village secretary. For example, the care takers have toda t receiveyno trainingy dan same Th . e appliee th r sfo VHW excepo swh trainine th t monitoringn gi t receivno trainingy d edi an , . CD staff together with HA is to be allowed more time in the village to mobiliz cel0 traid 1 lean t n levela .
3.2 NEW APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
thio d s o effectivelyT stafd c fe need th traineapproache,e w b o ne st n di o st community participation. Their presen f tforma o metho e lon educatios di n and not of participatory learning. Particularly in this time in which a process of democratization/multiparty system is started, these new skills are very useful.
3.3 MOBILISATION
Mobilisation of the beneficiaries is necessary to further strengthen the aim of water fees being pair sustainabilitfo d y c.q. cost recovere th f o y watersupply at village level. This is presently slowly taking shape for example fun r M village Morogorope dth O& e balancn i ee th th f eo distric n o s i t average Tsh. 26,337, in Kilosa this comes to Tsh. 47,107, in Kilombero Tsh. 17,91Ulangn i d 2an a Tsh. 6,465.
3.4 PERSPECTIVE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT
Although it is the intention to have all IWS in the present programme handed over (with full coverage) to the respective village governments, this aim reachede mighb t 8 villageno 2 t Morogor n e I . th sf o t oou Rura4 1 n i l the IWS will be handed over, in Kilosa this will be 11 out of 27, in e maiTh n. reason20 f o r Ulangn t i sfo ou d 2 an 1 a 1 2 Kilomber f o t ou 0 o2 these delay lace sar materialf ko s (spare parts) availabilit- n no , transporf yo t and the long time it takes for the regional department of Water to design and approv waterpointw ne e e developeb e villagese o t sth th r n i d Fo . fieldstaff these delays affect thei rvillager e worth s ka s loose confidencn ei them. In terms of the RWSP's step by step approach the main delays occur in steps 4,5 and 11. When handing over the IWS to the village government, the RWSP gives the villag gradingea grad- A en meanA . s thavillage S th tsustai n IW eca e nth by grad- itself B a e, indicates that some assistance fro districe mth stils i t l required. AC- grade indicates that the village will not be able to contribute to the sustaining of the IWS and continuous assistance from the district is required. Todate only B grades have been given.
3.5 THE CD DEPARTMENTS HAVE IN GENERAL SUFFICIENT FEMALE STAFF
However most of the staff in the RWSP is male. The CSD and the women income generating project allocatee s ar femal e th o dt e staffe b . Stepo t e sar take havo nt e more female RWSPe th n si . 4. GENDER ISSUES
4.1 GENDER ISSUE E BEINAR S G DEALT A WIT N O H PRACTICAL BASIS
exampler Fo Departmene stafe th f ,th o f Watef to r will consult women when doin sitinge gth . Withi RWSe nth P nobod responsibls yi developmenr efo t of the gender issues. Anyway the RWSP never set objectives for gender developmen r doeno ta framewors k exist whicn i s e issueth h s coule b d tackled.
4.2 THE ABSENCE OF WOMEN IN MAKING PROCESS
stude WomenTh n yo s Involvemen RWSe th n i tP shows tha maie th t n factor hinderin participatioe gth womef no theis ni r absenc village th n ei e decision making process. Therefore their prioritie t heardno e .s ar Eve VWSCe nth , s functionini t i s a g currentl e district mosn th yi f o t s doe t represenno s t women's viewsfemale th s a ,e member t electe no democratia e n dsar o y cwa and thus miss the back-up of the rest of the women in the village.
4.3 THER HARDLES I FEMAL Y FffiLDSTAFE YAN TH EN I F
Due to traditional customs it is not easy for a male extension worker to reach women experience Th . thas ei t when female extension workere sar involved, the participation of women increases. At district level (policy level) ther alse ear o femal w onlfe ya e staff involved. Sinc RWSe t cleaeth no Ps ri on what it intends to do to improve the position of women, no action could be expected.
4 4. WOMENS PARTICIPATIO E DECISIOTH N NI N MAKING PROCESS
For the RWSP (next phase) the most important issue concerning gender is strengtheo t n womens participatio decisioe th n ni n making procese th n si village using wate sanitatiod ran meana s na . Thi coursf so e demand lonsa g term commitmen cleaa d r an framework/strategyt t alsI . o requires stafo t f spend more village timth n ordeen i ei heao d rt viewe an rth f botn so hme wome supporo t d nan t group formatio womeny nb .
4.5 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF WATER TOWARDS WOMEN
Although income generating activities for women are important especially in e Africath n settin whicn gi a hwif e canno e incomr t th he rel n f yo o e husband, thes emaia activitiee t b n no e RWSPo issut th e s i ar sn ei t I . avoided wilthan l me tpus h eve financiae nth l responsibilit watef yo r towards women. effortD C stimulato e t s Th e income generating activitie villagee th n a si s sa source for the water fund is acceptable as long as these are undertaken on an equal basis by men and women.
4.6 DEVELOPING WIT RCDOE HTH I nexe stare th tth f o phastt A econsultana genden o t r issue waten si r& sanitatioe recruiteb o t s i nd from abroa develoo dt p together wite th h RCDO MorogorI- instancr o staffo e regiof th Ruah e o f d eth nan a TRD: framewore th womenr kfo s participatio watee th sanitation r& i n sector training programmes for the staff (CD, HA and FA) to deal with the gender issues 5. IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY IN THE DISTRICT
District governing and administration, having only started in the mid SOties, are as can be expected, still in an infant stage. On top of this each district ha weasa k financial basis Ulangn .I instancr afo districe eth t councit ou n ra l off cas Septemben hi Communite th rl al 199 d 1an y Development staff have not been paiy salaran d y since f coursO . e these aspects affece th t implementatio RWSPe th f no .
5.1 PLANNING
Plannin inputs/outpute th f go RWSe responsibilite th f th so P s i De Pth Af y,o supposes i districte o pare th b wh f o to d t s planning officee th f . o Onl2 n yi districts namely Morogoro Rural and Kilombero, the DPA's are planning officers. These district o perford s m bette n termi r f programmo s e implementation and planning. At district level planning of the water sector is contributiondifficulT GO s a t uncertaine sar districe .Th t councils havt eno contributedevelopmente th o t l wateal e t da th f rso sector. Thus each district depends for the developments of its rural domestic water supply on the Netherlands input plane .Th s receive nexe th t r provid t phasdfo no o en d e a overall picture of the developments in the districts water sector. However these indicate that the districts depend nearly completely on donor input for improved water supply. Without exceptio e submitteth n d plane ar s unrealistic t takinno , g into accoun limitatione th t districte th f so s themselves to absorb the requested inputs. In the next phase objective programme plannin Dr gPtogethefo A r wit HOD'e hth sDistric/ practisee tb teao t ms i d each year.
2 5. SUSTAINABILITY
It is apparent that cost recovery/ sustainability is not yet an issue in the districts. None of the district staff could provide any reasonable answers on this issue. For village level, the sustainability is being discussed by the fieldteam t withousbu necessare th t y informatio whan nwateo e th t r system costs in terms of maintenance/repair and replacement. Therefore the financia lamoun e contributionth villagern e o th tt se preparee e sar sar o dt requiremente th contributn o t no sustainability/cosf d so ean t recoverye Th . contribution M& fundO indicate o d sth o st e thavillage th t e populatios ni improver fo acceptiny pa do t wateface s gth tha rthae supplyon t .
Thu villagt sa e level ther developmente ear s towards sustainability, although correce t baseth ye n t do t thesno assumptions e ear . However districr fo , t level the picture is not that clear. Evidently piped water systems depending on district councils inputs such as diesel pumps are not receiving any support.
8 Taking into consideration the weak financial position of the districts, there is little hope that a system of cost recovery can even survive, as water fees received will not be retained for the water sector but will be used for other pressing needs. Thus in this situation there will be no end to the donor contribution in the near future. It is therefore suggested that in the next phase ample attention is to be provided to define together with the districts an alternativ guaranteo et e sustainability/cost recover t districya t level.
5.3 ACCOUNTABILITY
Administrative procedure governmenn si districe th complicatee n i tar d tan d and bureaucratic. To have programme funds released several forms have to fillee severad b dan l signature needede sar thesl .Al e rule regulationd san s mak easn ea y implementation nearly impossible. Another aspece " th s i t borrowing" of the district, when urgent expenses have to be covered, the orden ca r D programmDE e usefunde b do t s temporarily . Tilborrowee lth d money is returned to the account, the RWSP can not withdraw funds and implementation come stopa o t s. Fieldstaf particulan i f r complain about irregular payments mad themo et . Sofa consultante rth s offic takes eha n care off the supply of materials, spareparts and equipment However, it is the intentio havo nt e par f thoso t e responsibilities transferre districte th o dt . Taking into account the already existing problems the move towards more responsibilit districf yo t administration will withou douby tan t lea furtheo dt r delay implementationsn si . Particularl Departmene stafe th yf th o f Watef to r indicated this problem.
4 5. TRANSPORT
extene Th whicn i t h transpor beins i t g use other dfo r activities than RWSP var districy yb t However Kilosn i , Ulangd aan a districts which hav weaea k management transpore th , hardls i t yprogrammee useth y db particulan I . r the performance of the Department of Water is affected as they depend for the transport of materials on the car. The suggestions by programme implementer keeo t transpore s si p th t lorriee.g consultante e th .th t sa s office and hav districe eth t hirtranspore eth t when constructio donee b o t . s ni Considerin delaye gth construction si presene th d nan t misus programmf eo e vehicles, this suggestion has to be given serious consideration. The budget estimates has taken this into account
For fieldstaff to cope with more villages in a bigger area, bicycles are not sufficient Therefore motorcycles are suggested.
t villagA e e supplielevelb e Vo VHd t th M ,an e dW ar wit h bicyclen i s property to increase mobilization and to provide an incentive for the work to be done in the Programme. 5.5 MANAGEMENT AT DISTRICT LEVEL
Districte th f o o s nameltw n I y t Kilosfro no Ulangd m e aan ar De s aPth A planning offic frot Communite ebu m th y Development Department botn .I h district performance sth RWS e standardb th su f eo Ps i . Managemeno t s ha t changee b giv o dprogrammt e eth reasonablea enexe starth tn i phaset .
The functioning and thus the impact of the District Water and Sanitation Committee (DWSC) vary per district. For instance in the district of Kilomber e HODdepartmente oth th f so s involve supportive dar e th o et district team and the RWSP in general. Their involvement/contribution is valuable. These HODs are also realistic on the time they can spend on the programme whic mentione s t morhwa no ee b tha o d t dayn 3 monthsa n I . other districts such as Ulanga and Kilosa the DWSC are more of a token using programme allowances, without providin necessare gth y suppore th o t programme. Despite these problems wit hlese HODar s o interesteswh n di the programme, it will be unwise to introduce the management structure as mentioned in the evaluation report, as this can lead to non cooperation by the HODs and will therefore only hamper the developments in the RWSP. Furthermore by creating a special RWSP management the integration of the programm overale th n ei l district water sector might become difficult.
10 . 6 ESTIMATE DISTRICE TH R STFO BUDGET NEXT PHASE
Each district prepare dprogramma e plabudgenexd e th nan tr phasfo t e 1992 - 97. In these plans the new programme villages are mentioned as well e improveath s d water supply system concerned (shallow well r pipo s e supply). These plans and budgets are taken as a basis for the estimates as provided in the district water profiles. However, the plans and budgets submitted are very unrealistic and did not take into account the contribution GOTe oth f . Thu missioe mako sth t d en ha severa l adjustmente th t a d an s same tim t trieei budgetbrin o 4 dt sam e e th g th en so line .
To be covered by the Netherlands contribution. District Adviser 82 days per year, the rest to be covered by GOT contribution Local personnel: * DWS day 8 Cr perso4 spe r yearn pe undertak o t , fiele eon d visir pe t montatteno t hald e dhth an f year regional steering committee meeting. The rest also to be covered by the GOT. (In general these costs should be completely covered by the GOT as the main task of the DWSC and its regional counterpart is to take care that all developments in the water sector fall together. Thu t havs theno eo yspeciad l e dutieth r sfo Netherlands RWSP) * Districtteam allowances for 10 days per month per person * Fieldteams allowances for 13 days in the villages and 2 days at district HQ. Thus total of 15 days per person per month. * Drivers allowances 200 days. According to DP As it is essential to keep these in the budget otherwise the vehicles will not go to the field except when ordere districe th y db t administration. * Surveyors, construction/rehabilitation and drawing team, the budgets as propose districte th y dusede b sar . Essential that full time allowance are made available to avoid delays . Investment Implementation covers items such as toolboxes for the programme villages, safari equipmen fieldteame th r tfo disinfecd san r fo t water supplies. Furthermore the replacement of survey/drilling/construction equipment, this was indicated by the DHV office and/o districe th r t budget. Investment Transport. This post does not include any vehicles as requested by the districts. The suggestion is to have a pool with the consultance office. * motorcycles for all fieldteam members * bicycle village th r esfo mechanic village th d es an healt h workers. Transport Running Costs; estimates are based on * for Toyota Land cruiser and Suzuki 37.500 km each per year, allowance Tshm . k 80.- r -pe * for lorry 15.000km per year, allowance Tsh. 100.-- per km (this is for the hiring of a lorry) * motorcycles 10.000km per motorcycle with allowance of Tsh.20.~ per km
11 Materials * Maji the basis for these estimates are the plans for the next phase. However adjustments are made according to implementation capacity (number of construction teams) and past experience * Afy estimatee ath 10.000.-. f e s2.000.. ar f -+ - yearl staryo t t revolving fund t villaga s e level (pilotsconstructioe th r fo ) f concretno e latrine slabs and improved drainage. Training r distric*fo t tea fieldtead man m staff traininr *fo Villagf go e Health Workers * village level training is meant to reach women groups, care takers, village mechanics and ten cell leaders. * other training includes refresher courses monitorin reportingg& , study tours to other districts by fieldteams e.g.
Not included are the training programmes for dignitaries as it is suggested to have these covered by contribution of GOT. These training should become the task of the DWSC. * training materials includes special pinboard usee b d o villagst e hth i e level training, books etcrequese .Th t fro districte mth havo st e movie projector consideredt no e sar . Stationeries and office equipment * estimates stationeries are from the budgets of the districts nexe th tn *i phas e office equipmen fieldteamr tfo warranteds si . None of the teams have a place where they can work when they are not in the field.
12 7. TANZANIAN WELLS SERVICE AND SUPPLY COMPANY
This factory was visited on 2/3/92 after an appointment was made. The team witnessed wha describee tb bes n thrivinn a ca t s da g factory l differenAl . t sections were manned and were all clearly very busy on a large order. The factory looked neat and well organised, both the administration side as the production units.
were W e receive confidena y db Kakar explaineo M t rwh thas du t business was booming. He had many customers (Danida, Norad, Sida, everybody only the Dutch had not returned) and that he was able to meet any order of up pump0 coupl10 a o n st factori e weeksf th ebus o s w yywa .No wit orden ha r of a drilling set and 300 hand pumps for Uganda.
Mr Kakar explained that things had been difficult in the first period after he took over when his relationship with the Dutch turned sourer. But he did t hav hary no ean d feelin thad woule gan h t d lik enteo et r into business againmeantimee th n .I alsdiversifiee d h , oha otheo dt r type banf so d pumps (notably the Mark in, Unicefs baby). And he told that he was in the process f appointino agenn ga Kenyan i t .
e missio positiva Th t ngo e impressio dealine th wheelinf d no g an r M f go Kakar and his factory. Nevertheless, it is important that the statements of Mr Kakar are checked against the experience of the donors that were mentioned.
13 APPENDICES KILOSA DISTRICT
MOROGORO APPENDIX I
. 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION Kilosa District cover aren sa f 14.24 ao 5 situates i km north-wese t I . 2 th n di t Morogore oth f o Regio Tanzanian ni subdivides i t I . d int divisionso9 6 3 , villages2 ward13 d s.an Onl smalya aree l par th stils ai f o tl covere densy db e forest.
Population 1988 (census) 367,000 Population 1992 (projection) 407,000 Population 1997 (projection) 462,000 Population 2002 (projection) 526,000 Growth Rate 78-88 2.6% Population as % of Morogoro Region is 28% Population density 24 cap/km2
The 1990-census counted 329,948 cattle, 119,768 goats, 35,838 sheep, 23,120 pigs and 351,463 poultry.
Physiographically Districe th , characterizes i t wide th ey db fla t vallee th f yo Mkata/Wam i e eashilld Rived highlandth an an tse n Ukaguru i rth f o s , Usagara Mountain wese Ngurd th an tn i su Mountain e northth e n i sTh . highest peaks reach about 2100 m whilt aboua eas plaine e e th eth ar t n i s metre0 35 s above MSL. mountaine Th foothilld san s consis metamorphif to c Pre-Cambriam Basement rocks: acid gneisses and other granitoid rocks, and crystalline limestones. The highlands are mainly covered by forest. Soil fertility is generally low.
The deposits in the downfaulted Mkata/Wami valley are of Upper Tertiary and Quaternary age. They are up to 400 m thick, deposited in fluvial, alluvial fan and swamp environment.
Narrow strip shallosof w Quaternary deposit founsare d along most rivers and streams. e shorTh t rains begi Novemben ni lasd an tr until December, Januard yan Februar drye lone yar Th .g rains occu Marchn i r , Apri Mayd an l .
The main food crops are rice, maize, cassava and all types of beans. The cash crops are sisal, maize, cotton, onions and oil seeds: sunflower, soya beans, groundnut simsimd san . healte Th h infrastructur summarizee b n eca followss da :
Hospital 2 (one mission, one GoT) Healt4 h centre Dispensarie6 3 s Village Health Posts 7 plantatione Th buildinge th d s an Kilos n si Kimambd aan a town indicate that the district must have been prosperous in the past. The district has areas where severe shortag watef eo r occurs regularl droughe th d yf 199an s to 1ha affected food supply e IrisTh .h Development Cooperation programme provides an important support to the District. 2. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY
The water supply situation according to the District Water Engineer (DWE) in Morogoro is summarized in the following Table.
Total Defect Operat. Shallow wells (tube) 460 225 235 Shallow wells (ring) 9 9 0 Piped water schemes (boreholes) 17 12 12 Piped water schemes (rivers gravity) 7 2 5 Piped water schemes (ring well) 1 1 0
Detail existine th f so g water supplie givee sar Annen ni . x1
The population served by domestic water points was calculated on the basis that each domestic water point serves 300 souls. In this way it was estimated populatioe th tha f o t onl % actualls ni y25 y served whil e infrastructureth e placin si servo et e 46%.
DWE DATA All Water Points Operational Water Points No. Pop. Served No. Pop. Served Shallow wells 469 141,000 35% 234 70,00% 70 0 Public Taps 166 50,00% 12 0 103 31,000 8% TOTAL 635 190,100 46% 337 101,00% 25 0
pipee Th d water supply scheme listee sar Anne n dsystemi x Si . x2 s draw their water directly froe rivermth . Fiv f theseo e scheme e operationalar s 8 1 , systems draw groundwater from boreholes, ring well shallor so w wells. There non-operationa3 1 e ar l systems.
Most shallow wells are situated in the plains, in the villages along the main road. Piped water supply scheme foune sar d along rivers.
The bacteriological quality of piped water is not known. If it is groundwater then it should be good. If it is river water, then it still comes from catchments with little human encroachment.
Groundwater of good chemical quality is found in most of the District. Saline groundwate mainls i r y presen fivn i t e areas: around Gairo, Magole, Kimamba, Nyal Mikumd an i i where high iromanganesd nan e concentrations are also reported.
supple Th f safyo e wate vers ri y urgen cholers a t typhoid aan endemice dar .
e concentrationTh populatioe th wate e f sth o d r supplienan s match rather well as both are concentrated in the plains. . 3 SANITATION
Shortage of clean, safe water is a major problem. Improved Water Supply (IWS) has a direct impact on the health situation of particularly women and children healthe .Th , hygien sanitatiod ean n situatio improvins ni g slowlyt ,bu is noticeable in areas with IWS. In programme villages cholera cases are few, 25 for the year 1991. Schistosomiasis occurs mainly with youngsters due to playing in ponds. Diarrhoea and malaria cases increase in the agriculture season as farmers move to the shamba. Through health education villages are now startin protecgo t t traditional sources. Sanitation problem villagee th n si s also occur as women wash clothes near water sources. The collapsing of pit latrine causins si g environmental hazards bamboy b t pi .r oLinino e th f go other twines is being tried.
The position of the VHW is hindering developments at village level. Most t receiv thef no o initiad y mdi ean l traininvillage th d egan governmen t no s i t paying any salary. Thus motivation is low. Often the village authorities do not select the proper person. It is suggested that HA, VWSC and village council trainede b o selectiot e agre e th VHW'e . ar Thern th 4 e o o f ne o swh ear centres in the district that can provide training for VHW. CSD and the Irish programme have financed the training of several VHWs. The CSD programme migh expandee b t d this year. Fro presene mth t RWSP villages 23 VHW's need training. The IDC is training yearly VHW's of 14 villages an prepares di consideo dt r giving priorit RWSo yt P villages (see Anne. x7)
In Kilosa, the GOT, Primary Health Care Programme (Facts for Life) the UNICEF-CSD, operate in the field of hygiene and sanitation. They have theireportinn ow r g systemfieldteame HA'e th th n s i A . s deal themselves with these programmes ther littls ei e confusion t wil I .e difficul e b l th r fo t Health Department to place a female HA in the fieldteams. The preventive health car onls eha y recently starte traio dt n female HA. Other preventive health care programme e Primarar s y Schoo le ExtendeHealtth d an h d Programme for Immunization.
e trainin cel0 Th 1 l f leadergo womed an s n groups have lacked behins da aimes trainine mucwa t villagth r da f fa h o o ges leaders, VWSC, Ward dan Divisional secretaries. HA do not have sufficient skills to mobilise the community. Trainin n analysini g g datd reporan a t writin s warrantedi g . Training materials to be used in the village will be helpful.
Gender issues are not being dealt with and data are not gender specific.
Training requirements At village level togetheA H , r with VHW' provido st e regular trainino gt groups of men and women on health and sanitation issues. Yearly refresher cours VHW'r efo s Retraining in monitoring/reporting with special attention to problem solving. Training to include VHW's and divisional HA. . 4 WATER DEMAND
A rough estimate of the water demand in the years 1997 and 2002 is given followine inth g Table:
1997 2002 m3/day m3/day Domestic water demand (301/head/day) 12,500 15,800 Cattle Watering (301/head/day) 10,500 13,000 Other animals 1,500 2,000 TOTAL demand from humans and animals ca 25,500 31,000
Thi onls si verya y small fractio available th f no e watee rth (sectiot No . n7) magnitud deman e dispersee th th f t eo dbu d areal distributio demane th f no d ansourcee safete dproblemth e th f th yo s si . 5. LEVEL OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AT VILLAGE LEVEL
Departmene Th Communitf to y Developmen dealins ti g wit donoh7 r funded programmes. These are Planning for Rural Development at Village Level (PRDVL), CSD, UNDPs Household Grain Storage Development, UNICEFs Strateg o Strengthet y n Women's Economic Activities, ILO's project for Women in Sisal Estates and Women's Participation in Traditional Irrigation, a Programme of the SNV.
PRDVe Th L programm implementes ei villages7 n d i whic f o alse 4 , har n o i the RWSP. According to the coordinator, poverty is felt by villages as being maie th n problem. Wate neves rwa r mentione problema s da villagen I . s with female animators more women are involved. The CSD programme involves the divisions of Magole and Kimamba, where all RWSP villages are also covered by CSD. For the extension of the CSD, Cairo Division is proposed
Field teams brought mentioned that the training of the community has been neglected o mucto s ha , attentio s give wa o nt mobilisin n g leaders. Appropriate approaches to allow for popular participation are required.
e VWSTh e activCar e since thee include e ar programmy th n i d s a e evidenced by fencing of the IWPI in the 4 villages visited. In the 4 villages visited this was e.g. noticed by the fencing of the IWP. Water-supply problems are identified quickly by the VWSC.
The involvement of women in water and sanitation has improved, although n averago e onl member2 y e VWSth f womene o sCar e RWSTh .s Pha directed that minimall membery2 s mus womene b t .
Division VWSC Villages M F 1. Magole 6 18 12 2. Gairo 3 8 7 3. Kimamba 6 17 13 4. Ulaya 4 12 8 5. Mikum Village2 ( i s without VWSC) 7 20 10 6. Magole-sub 1 3 2 TOTAL 27 78 52 funM stafcontributioe dD & C differTh f O e encourage e Th .th o nt e sth villages to undertake income generating activities to contribute to the O&M fund. In the division of Gairo for example part of the income from the cattle dip goes to the O&M fund. In Ruaha, shops and local bars have to pay a higher water levy. The contributions are generally made monthly and vary from TShs 20 to Tsh. 50 per household. Take for example the village of Mfulu wit7 household29 h shallo6 d an sw wells e contributioTh . r pe n household per month is TShs 20. The total for the village per year is Tsh. 71,280. Thi shallos3 amounr fo wM wellst & cover O . e Thusth s witr TShha pe 0 s4 househol r montpe d h sustainabilit e reachedb o t s . ha y(Accordin o t g Evaluation Report TShs 20,000 per shallow well is needed for sustainability). The present balance in their O&M fund is TShs 14.000. The contribution to the O&M fund is set by the village government and VWSC after consultation with the fieldteams. No proper budgeting is done as information on sustainability has not been availed to the field teams. The contributions are in general made by the women. average Th fund M r divisioe pe sbalancO& e nth n ei 1. Magole TShs 29,583.- 2. Gairo TShs 75,000.- . Kimamb3 a TShs 14,880.- 4. Ulanga TShs 23,114.- 5. Mikumi* TShs 134,066.- 6. Magole (sub) TShs 6,000.- (* includes the village of Ruaha with 2085 households and a balance in the O&M of Tsh. 671,581.-)
It is expected that 11 of the 27 villages will be handed over before July. The delay e causear s communicatioy db n problems between district leved an l facfieldteame th t y thab d t materialan s extensior sfo n have only arrived last month. Training requirements:
village based courses in financial management, planning and fieldteame th bookkeeping n i A s encourageCD e .Th village sth staro et t economic activitie fundM contributo st . O& e th o et 6. WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT
In Kilosa the participation of women at various levels in the water, sanitation and health sector is as follows:
Total Male Female DWSC 3 3 0 District team 3 2 1(CD) Field team (6) 18 17 1(CD) VWSC (26) 130 78 52 VHW 50 24 26 VH 26 26 0 TOTAL 230 150 80
A third of the people directly involved are women. At the implementation and decision making level thi s hardli s y 10%. Thi s disappointini s a r gfo programme that has women as main target group. For the extension of the programme, the Health Department can provide 1 female HA to be based in Masanze Division. Thus the Community Development Department has to provide the other females if the suggestion to have at least one female member in the fieldteams is followed. Of the 20 CD staff at division/ward level 9 are women (see Annex 5). role womef eTh RWSo e th stresse s n nwatei e P wa th y drb techniciano swh confirmed that the women's knowledge is used when the village survey to establish water points is being done. e importancTh f strengthenino e g women's participatio e decisioth n i n n making bodies at village level is also the conclusion of the report on recent Gender Relation Traditionan si l Irrigatio Malolon ni r Grift E.Wy de b , n . .va The study shows that the access to new agriculture land is being provided by village th e council generan I . difficuls i t i l womer e fo allocatetb o nt d land as they are hardly represented at that level. The majority of the programme villages has only 1 or 2 women in the village council consisting of 25 members villagee Th . f Muhendso Nyald aan i hav womene5 councile th n i . Of the 132 villages in the Kilosa district only 9 have a female chairperson.
There are 46 women groups with economic activities in the District. Lack of capita managemend an l maie t skillth ne problemssar . Farming, beer brewing and maize milling are the activities undertaken.
Training required:
At district level to organise a seminar to combine the experience in gender issues and develop a strategy to assist women at village level. To be implemented by RCDOI. Village level cours strengtheo et n cooperation between womee th t na various levels in the villages and equip them with skills to influence decision making.
8 . 7 AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES
1 7. GENERAL In general, ther shortago n s ei waterf eo available .Th e resources exceee dth demand from humans and animals by far. This demand is in the order of magnitud rainfalle f onlmaie eo th th y f n, o 0.0 probleSo . 3% t lac no k ms i of water but the underdevelopment of the resources and the bacteriological contamination of the existing supplies.
7.2 RAINFALL
Mean rainfall varies betwee mm/yea0 nplain60 e th n ri s nea Wame rth i river and rises to 1800 mm/year or more in the Nguru Mountains in the north. westere th n I n mountains t reachei , s 1200 mm/year.
Rainfale collecteb n ca r domestil dfo meany b e f rooo scus f catchments, especially from buildings with large roofs like those of the government.
Notably in places with saline groundwater, this looks an attractive option.
7.3 SURFACE WATER
The District boundary in the East coincides with the Mkata/Wami River. Its dry flood plain covers approximatel Districte th f o l majo .Al % yr30 streams are probably perennial.
The ten piped gravity water supplies have intakes along the perennial rivers in the mountains. Water enters these systems without treatment. Nevertheless e wateth , s quiti r e saf s significana e t human encroachment could not be detected.
7.4 GROUNDWATER (INCLUDING SPRINGS)
e totaTh l amoun f groundwateo t r availabl Kilosn ei a District exceede sth domestic deman fary db .
It is evenly distributed over most of the plains. Salinity is only a local problem notabl Gairn yi o Division. Locally, iromanganesd nan e posa e problem but chemical analyses found the water to be suitable for domestic purposes. Nevertheless, tastd discolourinan e f o foog d makee th s acceptability a problem. Groundwate plaine th presenn s si i r t shalloa t w depths raine th yn :i season at approximately 4m and towards the end of the dry season at about 7m below ground surface. There are many springs in the rainy mountains along the northern boundary of the District but only few are being used as a direct source for domestic use. 7.5 WATER QUALITY
Groundwate f sufficieno r t chemical qualit founs yi mosn di thn i t e District. Nevertheless, saline groundwater at shallow depth occurs at many places, e.g. around Gairo, Magole, Kimamba, Nyali and Mikumi. mountainse th n I , good quality groundwater emerge numbea t sa springf ro s and seepage. The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic.
10 . 8 IMPLEMENTATION CAPACIT DISTRICT YA T LEVEL
nexe Inth t phas programme eth e wil extendee b lothe o tw ro dt divisions . Thre fieldteamw ene s wil formee b l sufficiens da t staf availables i f e th n I . Masanza division the fieldteams will be based at ward level as the areas to cove bige ar r.
1 8. PLANNING
Some district reported then hardlyca s threyit afforf eo o havt e d on e planning officers nearly full time involvedoeD t RWSPe sno DE th e n di .Th appreciat e demande th donor e th f havo so t s e planning officers full time assigne theio dt r programmes. PresentlCommunitD HO e yth y Development supervise Programmee th s . Progres slowes sha d down sinc tooe eh k over. e linkTh s wit e Planninth h g Offic weake ar r eexampl lackA Fo .P se eth informatio allocationn no Centrae th y sb l Governmen watee th o rt sector. In Ulanga and Kilosa, the support to the water sector has diminished since DPA'e th froe sar m outsid plannine eth g office communicatioe Th . n between districe th d t an satisfactory t tea no A ms i DP e districe th Th . t teams wert eno involved in the preparation of the proposal for the next phase.
8.2 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
t districA t level coordination (witDCDOId an h problembota A s i )hDP . Several activitie communitn si y mobilisatio undertakee nar thert nbu e seems little b o et integratio mutuad nan fielD l supportC d e stafth s f A encourage. s income generating activities as part of the community mobilisation, financial management training is needed. For the CD staff a two month course including subjects such as community participation, new approaches, financial managemen gended an t r issue recommendeds si . There shoul t leasa e tdb once a year a refresher course for the field staff. Attention should be given e financiath o t l aspec f sustainabilito t e th t villaga yn i D eC level e Th . fieldteams are motivated and have a good understanding of their role in the RWSP. However, the communication between district and the field staff is lace f th leadershit koptima o o no t e du lt distric pa t therefors levelha t I . e been suggested that both the DCDO and DCDOI are to be withdrawn from the programme.
3 8. GENDER ISSUES/WOME DEVELOPMENN I T
developinn I gstratega strengtheninr yfo g women's positio decisioe th n ni n making structure at village level, close cooperation with the other activities aime t e establishedwomena db o t s i , . Initiall e Regionayth l Community Developmen tbette a Offic n tako i t t wil leae i re s e i th es b lpositio d a o nt coordinate and monitor developments.
11 8.4 HEALT SANITATIOD HAN N
There presentlassignes th eD i programmee n i th HO A o o dt yn H e Th . fieldteam e traininsse communication gi communitd nan y mobilisation skills anecessita s improvo yt e theiperformancen ow r . Educational materiar fo l village leve neededs li villagt .A e level implementatio healtf no sanitatioh& n education is hampered by the lack of knowledge with the VHW's. In Kilosa trainin VHW'f go IDCd contributio e organisean s si ,th D CS y db RWSf no P providine b o it s follow-upe gth , necessar keeo yt p VHW's motivated, (the Annex lists village whicn si h VHW's have been traine IDC)y db .
8.5 SURVEY AND CONSTRUCTION
The construction team for piped water supply is strong enough with four members survee th t y Bu .tea m lacks trained personnel e correspondinTh . g team r shallofo s w wells only coun e teaon tm member eacmusd he an b t reinforced. It is felt by the District that new team members can be drawn fro pooe m th f technician o l onlo yswh need on-the-job training.
If all the teams are operational, then the annual implementation capacity is availabl constructioefor shallo25 nof w well rehabilitatiosand samthe enof number. In addition, construction of one pipe supply and rehabilitation of another is possible.
Qualified Trained Equipments No. of Available Operational Section Personnel Personnel Teams Survey 2 0 Available but 0 Piped Supply bad condition Construction 1 4 Available but 1 Piped Supply conditiod ba n Survey 1 1 one survey set 0 Shallow Wells Construction 1 1 constructioe on n 0 Shallow Wells set
8.6 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
stee stey pTh b p approac wels hi l accepted r implementatioFo . f steno p5 districe anth d6 t tea field man d staff need informatio trainind e nan th n go substance of sustainability at village level. The sustainability of the present system at village level and possible alternatives are to be discussed. A similar exercise for the district administration can start a process of discussing alternative r futursfo e development.'
12 8.7 CAPABILITY OF MONITORING
Further trainin needeis g datin d a analysi reportingand s . Even more important is that field and district staff sit together regularly to discuss how problems are to be solved and under whose responsibility.
8 8. TRANSPORT
Vehicle obviousle sar y use other dfo r purposes tha RWSPe nth districe Th . t made b o ist e aware that rules enforcee havb o et limio dt misuse th t f eo programme transport. It is apparent that programme implementation is seriously hampered by transport being borrowed by the District Administration. This causes disruption in the programme planning. It happens thaToyote programme th th t e t aablus landcruiseno o et s i e r fo r several weeks and visits to villages have to be cancelled.
Having other transport, such as the lorry requested, handed to the district will face the same problems and will affect the implementation capacity. It is therefore suggested that transport (lorries and landcruiser) will be available on hire basis with the programme District budget allocations.
At division/ward level faster transport is required. Thus the request for motorcycles. Kilosa will have 9 fieldteams.
t villagA e level. Field teams suggested that VH Vd WMprovidee an b d with bicycle improvo st e mobilit villagee th n yi .
9 8. FINANCIAL CAPACITY
At village level the financial contributions are forthcoming, showing the priority give improveo nt d wate r prospecte supplth d yan sustainabilityr sfo . The District Council does not contribute much to the water sector in its developmen s recurrentit budgen i r o tt budget e totaTh . l development budge r 1991/9fo t : 2is
Contribution GOT TShs 14,300,000 District Council TShs 6,361,000 TOTAL TShs 20,661,000
t DistricA t level sustainabilit reachede yfuturer b wilt fa e no lt eve th . no , n i Alternative option sestablishmene sucth s ha watea f to r corporatioe b o t s ni looked into. At least a structure with limited dependency on district administration and in the end on donor input, is to be developed.
13 9. WATER DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
9.1 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND DUG LARGE DIAMETER (RING WELLS)
There are 64 ring wells equipped with hand pumps in Kilosa District, 5 are non-operational whe hane th n d pumps broke dow spared nan s wert eno available. Hand pumps were removed in most of them. Afterwards, they were used for bucket lift but got contaminated in the process.
Ring wells are suitable for the lowlands with alluvial or colluvial cover, and in the mountains in the alluvial strips along rivers, and in alluvial fans. The major disadvantage of this kind of well is that they are dug by people, and that therefore digginstoo t ps jusgha t belo watee wth r watee tableth f rI . table drops the wells have to be deepened. Another disadvantage is that these well easiln sca contaminatee yb t protecteno f di d properly.
9.2 SHALLOW WELL SHAN- D AUGURED TUBE WELLS
r mosByfa t wells constructed In Kilosa Distric f thio se typear t . Thee yar suitable for the lowlands with alluvial or colluvial cover where the water table is not too deep. Their total number amounts to 412 according to the OWE.
These wells have all the advantages and none of the disadvantages of ring wells and should be the preferred technological choice for Rural Water Supply Points in the plains.
9.3 MACHINE DRILLED DEEP WELLS
Such well expensive ar shige th ht costebu s coul justifiee db larga r efo d number of taps in piped water supply. However, most piped water supplies e non-operationalar o becaustw : f mechanicao e l breakdowne th d an s remaining one because of lack of fuel. One has a collapsed borehole (Rudewa Gongoni)
9.4 SURFACE WATE RRIVER- S
Surface water is underdeveloped as the head-waters of the rivers are all covered by dense forest. Water is tapped directly from those rivers. However, those forested head-waters then must be protected from deforestation and human settlement.
14 9.5 SPRINGS
Ther probable ear y many spring mountainse th n si . There seem ample b o st e scope to develop them. However, a systematic survey was never done.
The fact that most rivers draining those areas do not dry up during the dry seasons prove presence sth manf eo y perennial springs.
9.6 ROOF CATCHMENTS
The biggest buildings in Kilosa are those built by the government. They are onee th s which seemmose b o tt s suitabl functioo et roos a n f catchments. However, option of water supply by shallow wells and springs seems preferable. Only wher t epossibl no thi s i s e roof catchment shoule b d considered.
9.7 ROCK CATCHMENTS
Not suitable for Kilosa as bare rock is usually found in areas with high rainfall.
9.8 SAND & SUB-SURFACE DAMS
Could be an interesting option in those parts of the foothills of the Mkata/Wami River where perennial rivers are absent. Impermeable clay can probably be found in the crystalline limestone Basement Rocks.
9 9. EARTH DAMS, CHARCO PAND SAN S
Same comment as sand and sub-surface dams. Charcos dam is being considere water dfo r suppl cattlr yfo Gairon ei .
9.10 HAFIRS (VALLEY TANKS)
One hafir was observed in Kilosa District: a large rectangular excavation constructioe madth r efo Kilosa-Morogore th f no o road.
15 . 10 INPUT OTHEY SB R AGENCIES
GOT development inputs to watersupply 1990/91 Twatwatwa village TShs 1.400.000 1991/92 Kidoma village TShs 1.800.000
No development contribution to water supply by the Kilosa District Council.
Inputs, development budgets respectively to CSD and PRDVL by:
GOT District Council 1990/91 TShs 1.000.000 TShs 2.700.000 1991/92 TShs 1.000.000 TShs 750.000
The Irish Development Corporation IDC supports construction of 2 shallow wells in Kimamba.
16 11. WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
After discussions, the future direction of the Rural Water Supply programme for the next five years were formulated. It was proposed to construct annually one pipe water supply with about ten domestic water points to serve about 3,000 people and also 25 shallow wells to serve 7,500 people. In addition the district has capacity to rehabilitate one pipe water supply and 25 shallow wells per year.
This implementation rate is about the same as the population growth.
A list of the villages proposed to be included in the programme is attached Annee inth 4 x.
17 ANNEXES
Annex 1 Rural Water Supply Points (RWSP) Anne x2 Piped Water Supply Schemes Annex 3 Present Programme Villages. Annex 4 Programme Villages New Phase Anne x5 Present Programme Village Representatio f Womeo n n i n VWSC and Village Council Annex 6 Villages with trained VHW Anne x7 evaluation Commento D DE nf so report .
18 05-Mar-92 Martin Hots Morogoro RlfSP ANNEX 1
Villages in HOROGORO REGION and water sapply systens. - MAJI / MfiHSP Not «(irking Villagenase Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Hater |Dist VwSC Syst Pop. Pop. wells wells veils veils Qty ! Present t 1 Bereg1 a EP 3441 2621 10 7 Good !ILS Chabie2 a 603 1 1 Sat IKLS Cbagongv3 e 2152 EELS 4 Chahale G 5678 5678 6 5 Sat |KLS 5 Changarave EP 3118 1556 IKLS 6 Cbanjale 2223 !ILS Chanznr7 n EP 2534 2467 Q 6 Good iELS 8 Chofonli 1784 IKLS Chonv9 e 2346 IKLS 10 Dodota 1709 300 3 2 Good !ILS 11 Ihaila EP 4458 2874 4 2 Sat !ELS * 12 Cairo G 10377 10377 :ELS 3 Idib1 o 3874 300 5 4 Sat |KLS 14 Ibindo 1681 300 4 3 t Sa IKLS 15 Ibingn 1430 2 2 Good IKLS 6 Ibut1 i 2240 !ILS 17 Ifonde 462 IKLS 8 Ihenj1 e 2109 300 1 0 t Sa IKLS 9 Ihoibw1 e 441 IKLS 0 Ikvaib2 a 2538 IKLS 1 Ilakal2 a 1982 900 3 0 t Sa IKLS t 22 Ilonga DP 8099 6149 1 7 i 6 Good IKLS 3 Italagv2 e 3542 600 4 2 Sat IKLS 24 Iweiba 1521 1521 6 Good IKLS t 25 lyogwe 3774 900 10 7 Sat IKLS 6 Kasik2 i 5661 600 1 5 i 3 IKLS 7 Kibedy2 a G 6538 6538 1 1 Sat IKLS 28 Kidete 3607 300 7 6 Good IKLS 29 Kidogobasi 2317 2100 1 7 i Good IKLS » 0 Kidot3 a G 2393 2393 3 1 t Sa IKLS 31 Kidnbl DP 838 IKLS 2 Kifing3 a 1922 1500 8 3 Good IKLS Kigong3 3 a 1171 . 300 1 IKLS * 34 Kibelezo 2048 IKLS 5 Kilai3 a 1213 1 1 IKLS 36 Kilangali DP 1957 1879 3 1 Sat IKLS 7 Kiloiber3 I I o 5784 900 10 7 Good IKLS 38 liiaiba A EP 5355 5190 2 n Good IKLS 39 Kii&iba 8 3825 900 5 2 IKLS 0 Kinyolis4 i 949 3 3 Sat IKLS 41 Kisanga 3113 300 2 1 Good IKLS 2 Kisitw4 i p 2745 500 IKLS * 43 Kisongwe 2128 IKLS 4 Kitait4 a 986 2 2 Sat IKLS 5 Kitang4 1 e 1653 300 3 2 Sat IKLS 6 Kitang4 I I e 3012 3 3 ;KLS 47 Eitete DP 1459 745 5 IKLS t 8 Eitet4 e Hsindari 2121 2121 1 10 i 2 Good IKLS t 49 Eivungu EP 4186 4186 5 3 Sat ,'KLS 0 Eondo5 a 1419 1200 1 4 Good iELS 05-Mar-92 Martin Hois Horogoro RNSP ANNE! 1
Villages in MOROGORO REGION and water supply systens. - MAJI / MRKSP c v t No rking Fillagenaee Pipe Total Served Sing Tube King Tube Water Diet rose Syst Pop. Pop. veils veils veils veils «ty ! Present 1 1 Enge5 a 2159 1 1 Good S IEL 52 Eubulu 2087 !KLS Evipip3 5 a G 1660 600 |ILS 54 Lesbata 2192 1200 7 3 t S Sa IEL 55 Liganga 1197 ,'ILS 6 Lnfikir5 i 1539 !ELS 57 Luheebe 3487 1200 7 3 Good !KLS Lnhvaj8 5 i G 1662 600 :ILS 59 Luiango 1197 1 1 Good !ILS Lonbij0 6 i 2220 :ILS 61 LuBraa 2262 600 1 7 1 5 Good IILS 2 Lnveib6 a 1392 :ILS 63 Mabana EP 1611 8006 !ILS 64 Mabula 1599 300 4 3 Sat !ELS 65 Machatu 1252 :KLS 6 Madeg6 e 2817 1 1 t Sa iELS 67 Madisini 1381 300 3 2 Good IILS 68 Madoto 2078 2078 1 10 1 1 Sat !ELS 9 Madud6 u 1537 900 1 3 1 Sat ,'ILS t 70 Hadndufiizi 2338 900 5 2 t Sa iELS 1 Magel7 a 1900 300 4 3 Sat 1ELS 72 Magole EP 4992 2546 iELS * Magoien3 7 i 8761 4281 1 12 i 4 Good IILS c Magnbik4 7 e EP 3745 3673 4 Good IILS * 75 Hagnha DP 2500 2500 4 3 Good IILS Majavang6 7 a p 1406 1406 fl 2 Sat IILS 77 Haknyu 2768 300 4 3 Good IILS Makvaib8 7 e 1077 IILS 79 Halangali 4513 2400 14 6 Sat IILS 60 Halolo 4433 300 4 3 Goqd IILS 81 Malui 4178 2100 14 7 Good |!LS Maiboy2 8 a 1184 300 3 n Good IILS 83 Maioyo 3970 1800 14 8 Good |ELS 84 Handege 215 IELS Mandel5 8 a KP 2262 1131 1 1 IILS 86 Masenge 3426 I ELS Mbaab7 8 a 1749 300 5 4 t Sa IILS 8 Mbigir8 i EP 2712 1356 IILS 89 Mbili 1217 1 ELS 90 Mbmi 3966 IILS 91 Mbvade 1068 1500 5 t S Sa IEL « 92 Heshugi DP 2020 1310 Sat IILS Mful3 9 u 1754 1793 6 Good S 1EL t 4 Mgogoz9 i Chabi 2332 600 6 4 Good S IEL 95 Mahenda 3178 1500 5 t Sa IELS * 96 Mikui Mjini G 5239 5239 3 1 Sat |ELS 97 Mkalaia G 1904 500 iELS Mkat8 9 a 386 iELS 9 Mkobv9 e 1920 iELS 100 Mhndi 770 770 5 0 Sat IILS * 05-Mar-92 Hartin HOBS Horogoro BBSP ANNE!1
Villages in HOROGORO REGION and vater supply systeis. - HAJI / KBVSP i Hot vorking 1 1 Villagenaae Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Sing Tube Hater Diet wsc 1 1 Syst Pop. Pop. veils veils veils veils Qty 1 Present 1 „ |101 Hhng'hulu 1786 600 5 3 Good IILS 1 102 Kkvatani 6992 4396 7 5 Good IILS 1 103 Hlniba 1000 IILS |104Hsava 1756 Good IILS 1 105 Hsiiba 1944 1500 7 2 Sat |ILS 1106 HsingiBi G 2613 500 IILS |107 Hsolva 2348 1 1 1 1 Good |ILS 1 108 Hsovero 2519 1660 0 t Sa IILS * 1 109 Hsovero 1467 1467 5 Good IILS |110 Hsovero EP 7215 5108 Good |ILS 1111 Htega 2267 IILS 1112 Htnibatu DP 2971 1486 IILS 1113 Hunisagara 1639 600 4 2 Good |ILS |114 Hnnngano 2649 300 5 4 Good IILS 1115 Hvuii EP 5357 2979 1 1 Good IILS |116 Hvandi 2118 900 11 8 Sat IILS |117 Hzaganza 1234 300 4 3 Good |ILS 1118 Ndogoni 1156 2 2 t Sa IILS 1119 Nguyani 2442 1200 5 2 Sat IILS 1120 Njnngva 2443 IILS 1121 Nongve 1891 IILS 1122 Nyali 1515 1200 4 0 Sat IILS * 1123 Nyueni 2343 1 1 Sat IILS 1124 Hyangala 941 2 2 Sat IILS 1125 Peapea 1839 1500 5 0 Good IILS » 1126 Euaha 8201 1200 10 6 Good IILS t 1127 Rubeho G 3857 1800 IILS l |128 Rodeva Batini 3257 3329 11 1 Good IILS t 1 129 Bndeva Gongoni EP 2874 IILS t 1130 Rndeva Hbuyuni 2817 2700 10 1 Good IILS t 1131 Tindiga 5835 1200 11 t] Good IILS 1132 Tunda 2336 600 6 i Good IILS ! 133 Tvatvatva DP 255 - 255 IILS 1134 Odnng'hu 3362 IILS 1135 Ukvaiani G 2825 2825 IILS 1136 Olaya DP 2363 1182 IILS ',137 Olaya Mbuyuni DP 966 966 i Sat |ILS 1138 Oleling'oibe 1889 1500 5 Good IILS 1139 Onone 1358 2 IILS 1140 Oponela 2579 IILS 1141 Vidunda 2280 IILS 1142 Zoibo Luibo EP 2016 1008 1 1 t Sa IILS 1143 Mndeta IILS * 1144 Raheibe 3412 1500 10 5 IILS > i ! SOB TOTAL IILOSA 376657 167647 9 460 PIPED KATES SUPPLY SCHEMES JILOSA DISTRICT Village Systei Total Ser?ed Doieetic Shallow Hater VHSC Pop. Pop. vaterpoin tell Qty Present 1 Berega DP 3441 2621 8 3 Good 2 Chakvale G 5678 5678 3 8 Sat 3 Changarawe IP 3118 1556 8 Chanzur4 u EP 2534 2467 6 4 Good Duil5 a EP 4547 2874 13 2 Sat * 6 Cairo G 10377 10377 8 7 Ilonga DP 8099 6149 3 7 Good 8 libedya G 6538 6538 0 1 Sat Kidoi9 a G 2393 2393 3 3 Sat 10 Kilangali DP 1957 1879 3 3 Sat 11 limba A KP 5355 5190 3 2 Good 12 lisiUi/Gairo G 2745 2745 3 » Kivung4 1 u EP 4188 4188 2 5 Sat 15 Habana EP 1611 1611 2 17 Hagole EP 5091 2546 13 » 19 Hagubike DP 3745 3673 14 c Good » 20 Haguha DP 2500 2500 1 4 Good Hajavang1 2 a p 1406 1406 2 2 Sat 22 Mandela EP 2262 1131 7 Mbigiri/Handel3 2 a EP 2712 1356 2 Hestog4 2 i DP 2020 1310 3 1 Sat 5 Hikus2 i Hjini G 5239 5239 1 Sat 27 Hsingisi/Gairo G 2613 2613 2 Bsower8 2 o EP 2519 1660 8 2 Sat t 30 Btncbatu DP 2971 1486 2 31 MVUBI EP 5357 2979 6 1 Good * 33 Rnbeho G 3759 3759 6 » 35 Tvatvatva DP 255 255 3 36 Okwaaani/Gairo G 2825 2825 2 37 Olaya DP 2363 1182 2 38 Ulaya/Mbuyuni DP 966 966 1 3 Sat 39 Zoibo Lunbo DP 2016 1008 5 0 Sat 40 Rudewa/Gongoni EP 2874 8 f ordeo t rOu Subtotal lilosa district 113200 94160 146 58 ANNEX2b PIPED WATER SUPPLIES KILOSA DISTRICT Operational Name Source Method DWP DWP 1. Berega Borehole Diesel Pump 6 0 2. Chakwale River Gravity 5 5 3. Chanzuru Borehole Electric Pump 6 0 4. Dumila Borehole Electric Pump 13 13 5. Gairo River Gravity 5 5 6 Donga Borehole Diesel Pump 3 0 7 Kilangali Borehole Diesel Pump 4 0 8 Kimamba A Borehole Electric Pump 5 5 9 Kisitwi River Gravity 3 3 10 Kitete Borehole Diesel Pump 2 0 11 Kizunguzi River Gravity 4 0 12 Magole Borehole Electric Pump 13 13 13 Mandela Borehole Electric Pump 7 0 14 Meshugi Borehole Diesel Pump 3 0 5 1 Mikumi River Gravity 10 10 16 Msingisi River Gravity 3 3 17 Msowero Borehole Electric Pump 9 0 18 Mtumbatu Borehole Diesel Pump 2 0 19 Mvumi Borehole Electric Pump 6 6 20 Nagubike Borehole Electric Pump 14 14 21 Naguha Borehole Diesel Pump 2 0 22 Ruaha River Gravity to be constructed. 23 Twatwatwa Borehole Diesel Pump 3 0 24 Ulaya Ring Well Diesel Pump 2 0 25 ZomboLumbo Borehole Electric Pump 5 0 Extensions: Kibedya River Gravity 2 2 Ukwamani River Gravity 2 2 Rubeho River Gravity 6 6 Kidoma River Gravity 3 3 Ulaya Mbuyuni Ring Well Diesel Pump 1 0 Rudewa Gongoni Sh. Well Electric Pump 8 8 Kivungu Borehole Electric Pump 4 0 Mbigiri Borehole Electric Pump 2 2 Mandela Mabana Borehole Electric Pump 3 3 TOTAL 41 26 Domestic Water Point r supplspe y 3.4 05-Har-92 Horogoro RVSP ANNE! 3. List of PROGRAMME villages IILOSA DISTRICT Hr. IVillagenane Pop. Mr. of Hr. of Nrf o . Current step 1 1 SHells Nells Dff'8 in OltM setup 1 {Magole 6672 13 8 2 IMadudu 1546 n 11 3 iMfulu 1908 6 11 4 llitete 12B3 5 11 5 IHkundi 676 5 8 tha] i6 la 4211 4 13 8 7 IRnbeho 3491 6 4 8 llieitvi 2523 3 4 9 llwipipa 1571 2 2 0 IRudew1 a Gongoni 2730 8 2 11 IRudeva Mbnyuni 2670 10 8 12 !tode»8 Batini 3100 11 14 13 [Peapea 1690 5 11 4 IMbvad1 e 989 5 16 15 jMadoto 1960 10 14 6 IMuhend1 a 2248 5 11 7 illakal1 a 1460 3 13 18 IKigunga 1036 1 8 19 !«yali 1808 4 8 20 IRuhenbe 3450 10 11 21 llveiba 1524 6 11 22 IHsiiba 1947 7 8 23 IMsoirero 1400 5 11 4 IKitet2 e Msindazi 2207 10 7 5 IKidogobas2 i 2810 7 11 26 IRnaha 8174 10 3 27 IMapjbike 3936 6 14 4 1 1 69020 138 0 59 NEW PROGRAMME VILLAGES li OO1 Ii\'T AA uwur r\TQTDT/"S U A o tr AI. A *-/ * POPULATIOr I I T 1 I A /3IT Tr»TAf DIVISION UVX L j OWiJ. MALE FEMALE i <_ri<1 u MA30LE 1 . Mvunii 2500 2450 4360 o/.co nnn 2 . Ksovero U*^ J«> 3£*£.£. 6631 3. Mtuabot-o 1377 1374 2751 4 . Mandera 1033 1061 2094 1 QC 1 5. Mwandi 1000 361 A *-"-»A i cr»o 5 . Berega i J"J U 1678 3186 ULAYA 7. Ulaya Kibaoni 1034 1034 2188 or 8 . <^OiuDO ju'OIuuO 9»-u 341 1867 ______i cn t SAIEC! 10 . Kvipips SS6 875 X •-> i / 11 u _;__:_; 1 ono O/. 1 Q A. A . 1 1 S A l»V-( i v> A 1036 A O fc-\J ^-t a. o . .l_ p ;_ . . 1O T/-JO oon A .£* • Hwi IWA O J / V ^ u^ / 153S ano Q /. n AW1 O . iM ir;5— —V-i iv_». —y— A » o^u j*t^. 1870 M 7 t' 1 IM 1 . / I D. __ 1 —— /. AOO ococ •n c o /. 1 1 X K w I I 1 A *. n iv oao t i *^V*JO uDuu f O U*t i c T. .--a. . 1 /'lie 1 A O*7 n \ co A kJ • 1 V_»l 1«J ^ A V V «-» A VU 1 4L> J. <_'O QCi/. oan 1 -JOfi IS. Ki fines U^J^* uw / 0. f UV t n i . . _ _— ^ con t n A . / l_t V.'LilCli J£^W wJU / 5^, A 1108 10 M_ - I1 — not/. 1 OQ t iO1 J. A <_. i'_'— ^X ' ^.^. A "t Uw1 «A 4105 f TM/. MO.« 1Ci D. . J _ . . — ("i — _ — _^. 1 OOA t O/. 0 moo i\ A I lot iur~i A ._» . tt'J'-i^wO '_/'_'i iy_/i i i X ^l- MAOAMTTT io r^u_u: —— CO i irtoriNt-u. u 82S 1613 OC I' .' . .. — — - . 1 QCO i onri OO-1O ^.^ . / IN. A. V VI iy.' i^lw^U i 3^«.' <_> U / U oc i-* : i — — ^.^ i : aoo oort i.0. ISAiOiiyOAA •_>o^. SJU V 1812 on i' ; j. .>- ; . ^ / KA. U wHA 386 uOQ o ^p 775 c/. o . / 1 O t ^- u. i\onaos 556 'J*^-U i W 1** no M_^_.._ t OAC ocnc £..-> . i iauiv.\y ^ 1830 i u-t-D vJCJ / «_' uO vrt . 1M 1. ^.. i J,,-—. n y =a —1 1 — w 1225 it --^nm, * 2453 io u_ ) _. — „ — : ] 1 n i n i opo \_» a. • i ia i at ly a I A ^-^A A A _lDu 4175 on T . __j : - __ no/, c •_/ «L . i A 1 1 u A 1 1 y o 2557 •i. W*'J 5403 oo M_ i . . ; 1 OC<1 t one oopo U 1_> • 1 ICI A W A 1 U~»U AO -./ J ^oD>J Lntr-xiT - r i c-on t f . / OO t iji\i - i i- 34. Kidets 1708 A Ci^^. u OM- V O C M. ._ — _ ooo TQO 1 cnc i_J *J • 1 IWa DO U WJ / -_ i iS9 ~*y3nX3 wf^U 545 x I ^*«J t O 1 nooo . Msovero37 s A 1 U A 1152 ^-wuo 0 0 . —1 — J...-,T _— 1 / -\ l*1 i /. S. 1 AC C\ ^»O tJ l_»UJ V»'U*O 'JA »_\ J A O / A V-*1^ L T n T A i C 1 OCO i f\ n c r\ i i w t J L fn 0 A U^O 50644 A I/ ^, *J Veer ! ;*e5 2- r -QTAL 10-4332 District Advisor i :. Allowance d2 8 s 215 : ;. Transport 1000 Ki. 1,404 : 400 2,015 2,015 10, 075 j •0-4:11 ;Locd! Personnel II. DKSC (3 HOD) 46 4is ! '2. District tea:; 120 c;;- 86* : :3..Fi;ldtea;s -64E xi 5,832 ;4. Drivers (3) 200 cays ioe ; ;5. Surveyors 2 1,152 it. Construction teat and -tr=:. 3,457 v. ?r;winc tea* ;'[ 1.720 13.5:1 13,55: 1 67,755 :S'jr eo.: 500 '3. Motorcycles 30 % "sh=.5v: . 15.50-. 6.000 15,600 21.600 :•'.%•.vv t.t p,; , - •••-•.. -:. 5. ox 'LC"-' 15.00.' i; !0-'. 2.50; '2.50: ::- .'!=' . : i. v. . " •,' '; •' . (:'. Tsr: JOOO! IflLOSft ;V=ar 1 :Year Z-5 ' TOTAL ?0 'rUterjai - lejc i . U) 3( - 1retii t 7,5vi-: ; iiiii Pipe supply rehab 30,000 ; ' 37,500 I a?-5*9 187, SCO : •') : Material: Afy> ; !l»;croved latrine : Ceafr.t ^ chiclen «ire T;h.2.K'0 i,300 ; 1.300 iiSr. 10,000 psr v?^ P«c dis'.ric i : 2iO ; 260 Tsh.7,000. r sij pe o- sn . 2.000 —- — —,-- — -— 1.560 i 1.560 7,800 : : 5tcff trainng : ! i ' :.0v: 4,000 rl'r - 2 xeei re:r?Ef'?- :.:.T;r. 50.000'= * tin:- rri - 7r = r, 50. vu' :: district Ol?::='5 ;,4 : Other traioino 800 I £00 4,000 " ; "C COSt: Dr." isir 2 = 20 •'. ' .-. :•-.•••. 21.500 ;0( of women in VWSC and •-••_ — c.- - r-ivi--i-,r.-' V::26.ge. We**:: in VWSC Women in Village Council M^::le Magole 2 4 Maduch: 2 O-3 Mfulu 2 1 Kidete 2 2 Mkundi 2 1 Dumila 2 1 Cairo Rubeho o 1 Kisitwi 2 2 Kwipipa 2 1 Kimamba Rudewa Gongoni 2 3 Rudewa Mbuyuni 2 1 Rudewa Batini 2 4 Peapea 2 1 Mbwade 3 4 Madoto 2 3 Ulaya Muhenda 2 5 Ilakala 2 3 KigUuga 2 2 Nyali 2 5 Mikumi Ruhembe 1 1 Iwemba 2 1 Msimba - - . Kitete Msindazi 2 2 Kidogobasi 2 1 Ruaha 1 • 1 Magole 2 1 Sub Magubike A ANNEX Villages with VHW - Kilosa Meshugi 18. KimambA a Kibediya 19. Kimamba B Ihenje 20. Msowe Gairo 21. Ilakalfe Chakwale 22. Madudumi zi Ndogoni 23. Madi^in: Kitaita 24 . Chadi L-r-sata 25 . Kitei.e Hsindazi Nguyar.i 26. Ki d ego ba si : H : . d. e g •? 27 . Rl)i"!ej!'!b':- ••'. .i 1-Eum. - ^ O . Kihr-lezo K inyor isi 29. Iho:r;bw- Mandela VHW t.raine-J by '7SI! Mabana 30. Magoie Mb:' gin 31. Madudu Mfidud.-a 32. Mfxiiv, 33. Ki let t ;--;f, _ "'-•.in-.i l-:. 36. R '..id •"•.%•-. ^ :::"..?•:>:'!i '•5C ' Rudev:;- Mb-j'/uni 39! Pea p.- a •COMMENT EVALUATION SO N RURAE OFTH L WATE SANITATIOD RAN N PROGRAMMES 1. K^ny peopl involvee ar e Co-ordination di consultatiod nan t nbu r.j onultimatels i e y responsibl RWSPe th r . fo e Therneea o s t di e pin down one department (Maendeleo) to be ultir.ately responsible for the Co-ordinatio consultatiod nan . P WS D f no . 2 Sinc programme eth e managemen controd an t s ,-itlDijtrici e th h t Councils, there is a need for the District Council- to be aor* involved in the control and management of the Pro£ amme. The JDjLLtrict Councils should initiate prejects_plan _and__with_cc._..sultati3n .with the dcncr should decide on_ how best jtp, utilize fur.ds_ and all equipmtntc prcvid-d by the donor, Councils and the central government. The District Councils too should be fully involved in the control of the implementation of the programme inclusive of the control of the funds. Th..? contro inplimentatiof lo shoulP S W monitorind D nan e th f o g not be different from that of other programmes in the District. H;/i:ies.l and financial implimentation ar.d reporting should follow the District Council procedures i.e. the respective Council Cca^ittees should be involved in scrutinizing the reports before such reports arc intergrated with the reports cf other projects and be brought tei'c-r-.i Finance and Planning Committee and ultimately be discussed y thb « full Council. .I.-. T"-e Institutional structure and rol f eaco e h department involved in the programme at the District Level should be re examined and tie joined in accordance with the loc_al Government Departmental sti.'ucture; and, functions, rather than wit e presenhth e whi^h__£oJLlQWS_thon t e central government structures t presenA . e Districth t t structurs i e & replace of the structure at the National and regional level. 3.1 At the District level the programme should have few departments ir.vclvad in order to avoid complexity of functional relationship vithi e structureth n . Some of the function e performeb n ca s y db the same department Cc-crdinatoa e rol f Th .o e d advisoan r r can be lcr:e by the same department. vaendeleo is better placed to do sach role t presenA . departmene th t Maendelef o t s de-facti o o ths pit;-.ling department .at ward and village lev-sis in the absence of pe-rs..iv.al of the planning department at thcss levals. The planning department at the District level does the role cf Co-ordinating the District plan. Co-ordination of projects implimente y ondb e departmen programmer to s implemente y onedb , tv;o or even more departments but responsible to the same Council Committee shoul e Co-ordinatedb relavane th y db t department before the programme is incorporated into the District Plan. District V'atsr Cupply Programm undes i e Sociae rth l Welfare Ccrtriittef c e thti District Council whose department e Afysar a Majd Masndelcoan i . - 2 «. Cf those departiiyjnts Maendele s bettei o r place o Co-ordinatt d e th e pro^rasmje tnd give advice to the Chief executive (BED) and the committee of the Council. Kaendelep shoul e strengthenedb n termdi f personneo s l al t a l levels to enable it to play the roles of Co-ordination and advisory as well as the animation and planning at the grass root level (village) n thii s programme «nd other District Project programmesd an s . 3.2: The role of consultancy in the DWSP should net, though important, be over exegarated. There is no need to employ an outside and be fully paid either by R W S P or the Council because this makes the programme un-sustainable. The Programme Co-ordinator who should be a competent person from Maendeleo should give advice s hea hi f departmen o do t e functionath d an t l manage f Maendeleo r o * (Ha£Q of Department) is the Programme advisor to the DED and the Council. 3.3: The Districe Holeth f Regionasd o an t P shoullWS clearle db y distinguished and defined, Rural Water and Sanitation Prograiar.es «.rs basically District and village itnplimented programmes. Therefore the onus of implimenting the programmes lies with the District ward and villages. The region should play mainly an advisory role. Ths District should operat shalloe th e w welle wels th sa s la piped water supply schemes. The region and the donor should help the District to build and strengthen implimentation capacity in Districe th ordee abl b r copc t o efo rt e wit responsibilitye hth . e functionth Mos f o t s recommende repore e carrieb th o n t t i d ou d regionae •ath t l level will makprogramme th e e unviabl d unsustaian e - .^able besides not being cost effective if those functions are not in the long run done by the District. 3."^-: The recommendations of 198? evaluation mission are still valid importand an should an t e fulldb y implimented especially those which even daring the time of the 1990 evalutation mission were not iruplimente partiallr o d ytwelvf o dene t eOu . reconcie-ndaticn only three had been done by February 1991 when the second evalution mission cane. !f. Funding, budgetin disbursemend an g t procedures. The funds allocate RWSe th P r especiallfo d donore yth s contribution is relatively big but there is a need to give priority to areas in which such funds should be used. The target is the village or villages. Therefore greater share of the budget should be spent at the village level for :- : . - - 3 - (a) Buildin villagp gu e technica manageriad lan l capacito yt sustai programme nth e (trainin d supplan g sparf yo e parts). At present more mone s spenyi payinn to g allowancer fo s Pistrictjtea.ni tha othey nan projecte r th ite n i m . Training - getsrery little priority and field staff at ward and village level get too little motivation. (b) To ensure future sustainability of the project R W S P should financially aim at local self reliance at District, w and village level. The District and village water coramittees should systaraatically build up financial capacity to run e RWS th n futurPi e without ranch deponrtancy from outside. This is in conformity with the Ministry's policy of water committees in the Country. The donor, Tanzanian government, DEd Dan shoulD thHD e builo th t d plaa p w woru dt nho ou k District, Tillage ^ '/I *> P sustainafrle funding system. (c) Th* quarterly disaursement should be made on the base of the approved/agreed annual budget allocations after the submissic of quarterly financial and physical reports. M.S. NPIKWECE DISTRICT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR KILOSA ULANGA DISTRICT MOROGORO APPENDIX 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Ulanga District cover aren s a 24,60 f a o bigges e th 0s i kmtd distric2an e th n i t Morogoro Region. It is situated in the south of the Morogoro Region in Tanzania. It is subdivided into 5 divisions, 24 wards and 61 villages. Around 3/4 of the area is covered by dense forest including game reserves. Population 1988 (census) 138,887 Population 1992 (projection) 151,000 Population 1997 (projection) 167,000 Population 2002 (projection) 186,000 Growth Rate 78-88 2.1% Populatio r kmpe 2 6 n density 1992 Populatio Morogorf o % s na o Regio% 12 n 1990-censue Th s counted 12,778 cattle, 1,865 goats, 1,885 sheep, 1,754 pigs and around 130,000 poultry. Physiographically, the District is characterized by the wide flat valley of the Kilombero River in the north and hills and highlands in the south. The hills and highlands consist of metamorphic Pre-Cambrian Basement rocks wes f Mahengeo t : gneisse othed san r granitoid rocks crystallind an , e limestone t Mahengea s easte aree th th ,underlais o ai T . continentay nb l sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The highlands are mainly covered by forest. Its soil fertility is generally low. e KilomberTh o Valle floodes yi d annuallresula s a td covereyan heavy db y clays in its central parts. Here, the main crops are rice and sugar cane. The flank coveree ar s numerouy db s alluvial fans. e shorTh t rains begi Novemben ni lasd tan r until December. Januard yan Februar drye lone yar .Th g rains begi Marcn ni continud han d e en unti e th l of May. e maiTh n crop ricee sar , maize, l cassavtypeal f beansd so aan e cas Th .h crop seedsl cottoe oi s ar d :n an sunflower , soya beans, groundnut simsimd san . Gem stones are found in the mountains around Mahenge where they can be sold to a number of gem shops. However, data are not available to assess the economic significance of the gem trade. Health infrastructure is as follows: distric2 t hospital belongin1 s( missione th o gt ) 3 rural health centres 27 dispensarie missione th f o 2 ) s(1 villag9 e health posts Ther regulae ear r outbreak choleraf so healt.A h education programmn eo cholera prevention has just started. positioe Districe Th th f no t Counci extremels i l t conveneyno weaks ha t dI . for nearly one year and is thus hardly involved in development efforts. The development lev Tshs yi . 500. r abl-pe e adult. Staff employe Districe th y db t Council e.g. Community Developmen t receiveno s salary ha an dt y since September 1991. Traditional custom stillsare stron thesgand e prevent women participatto e in public discussions, and thus affect their input in decision making. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY The water supply situation according to the District Water Engineer (DWE) anDHe dth V databas Morogorn ei summarizes oi followine th n di g Table: Total Defect Operational No. No. No Shallow wells (tube) 122 5 117 Shallow wells (ring) 43 29 14 Piped water schemes(pumped, ring well) 9 0 0 Piped water schemes (gravity) 4 0 4 e datTh a specifyin r eacfo g h villag e typ th ef wate o e r supply e totath , l population servee th , d populatio watee th d r nquantitan givee yar Annen i x villagee 1Th . s serve pipey db d water scheme listee sar Annen di x 2A while e pipeth d water supply schemes themselve e listear s Annen di . Ninx2B e systems draw their water from wide-diameter ring wells dug in the river beds. e schemeNonth f eo s currentli s y operational seven i : n cases becausf eo mechanical problems whil whico e tw e thermone o he ar n th s e fuer i r yfo fo l mechanically in order. The population served by domestic water points was estimated on the basis that each domestic water point serves 300 souls. In this way it was calculated populatioe th tha f o t onl % actualls ni y29 y served whil e infrastructureth e populatioe th plac in si f o servo et % ne47 All Water Points Operational Water Points No. Population Served No. Population Served Shallow Wells 122 36,600 24% 117 35,100 23% Public Taps 115 12,900 23% 28 8,400 6% TOTAL 237 49,500 47% 145 43,500 29% Most shallow wells are situated in the plains, in the villages along the main roads. The piped water supply schemes are found along rivers. e bacteriologicaTh l qualit f pipeo y d t knowwateno t shouls i rbu n e db reasonably good as it comes from shallow wells dug in the river banks. In this surfacwaye th , e wate filteres ri d throug hcoupla meterf eo san f silsd o tdan Water enter pipee sth s untreated. Groundwate f gooo r d chemical qualit presens yi t throughou e Districth t t But in 24 (according to the DWE) of the 157 wells, people complain about high iron and manganese content As a result, bananas turn black during cookin whitd gan e turnt orangebi sa . Samples were analyze watee th t rdbu was found suitable for human consumption. The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic. concentratione Th populatioe th watee f so th d r nsuppliean s match rather well as both are centred along the main roads. 3. SANITATION Shortage of clean and safe water is the main problem. The period July.- Sept. 1991 shows the following cases of water-borne diseases: Malaria 10,197. Diarrhoea 1,026, schistosomiasis 140 , dysenterd choleran e 1 Th . 17 ay3 incidence of cholera indicates a poor level of sanitation. Even in RWSP villages, unprotected water sources are used when distances to the IWP are too large, notably during the agriculture season when farmers move to the Gelds. Due to high water levels in the plains pit latrines collapse. Too short drainage channels at the IWP and the absence of washing slabs are mentioned as contributing to sanitation problems. For hygiene and sanitation improvement at village level the following programme implementede sar : - Primary Health CareT (PHCGO y b ) - Child Survival Development (CSD) by UNICEF Rural Wate Sanitatiod an r n Programme (RWSP) Nine (9) of the RWSP villages are also within the CSD programme. In the hygien sanitatiod ean n educatio programme2 e nth s hardly differ. Thee yus same th e personne villagt la divisiod ean n level. Particularl villagen yi s where programme3 e th operatinge ar s existine littld th RWSe ad o th t e , gn Pca effort educationn i s . Althoug t villagha e level improved latrinet felno t e sar to be a high priority, the frequent cholera outbreaks warrants an approach that goes beyond education only. The RWSP could for instance, by establishin grevolvina g fun t villaga d e leve r constructinfo l g latrine-slabs, contribut reaa o elt improvemen sanitation i t n facilities. positioe concernf VHW'o e Th e th f non o s s.i Being directe implemeno dt t two or three different programmes often without proper payment does not contribut effectivo et e performance e VHW'Th . villagen si D s CS wit e hth programme have been trained and received a bicycle. The VHW's in programme villages with RSWP only should receive similar trainingw fe A . programme ofth e village salariee fune sth M contributth o dt f so O& f o t eou VHW's. The HA's efforts to improve hygiene and sanitation consists in general of educating village leaders, VWS d VHW'sCan . Their relation wite th h villagers consists of inspecting their houses and latrines. This is not really a satisfactor dealinf o y ywa g wit targee hth t groups HA'e Th . s indicated that they miss the skills in communication and community mobilisation to approach the villagers. Little attention is given to gender issues. Only one of the HA staff in the Geld teams is a women. Data are not gender specific. In the next phase of projece th framewora t incorporato kt e gender issues shoul developede db . Training requirements: New techniques/approache strengtheo st n awareness raisin improvd gan e education message. Trainin r DHOg fo HA' d an I s should include e.g. community mobilisation, communication technique gended san r issues. More emphasi givee b villago o nst t e based trainin cel0 1 lr leadersgfo , care takers and women groups as they proved to the most effective sources for dissemination of information monthso Tw - trainin VHW'r gfo RWSn si P village coveret sno CSDy db . 4. WATER DEMAND A rough estimate of the water demand for the years 1997 and 2002 is given in the following Table. 1987 2002 mVday m3/day Domestic water demand I/head/day0 (3 ) 5100 5600 Cattle Watering (30 I/head/day) 500 700 Other animals 500 500 TOTAL demand of humans and animals 6100 6800 This is only a very small fraction of the available water (Section 7). Not the magnitud deman e dispersee th th f t eo dbu d areal distributio demane th f no d and the safety of the water sources are the main problems. 5. LEVELOFCOMMUNTITORGANISATIONATVILLAGELEVEL The community development activities in the district are limited and rely on inputs from donors which presently come fro RWSPe mth e th CSe d th , Dan Danish Volunteer Service. activitieD larg a C RWSe o th t e n e sexteni P ar t directe mobiliso dt e support for the programme at various administrative/decision making levels. Seminars for ward and division secretaries, district council members, village secretaries and others have been conducted. The impact of these in terms of financial or even policy support by the District Council or the village government, has so far been limited. Community mobilisation activities in the villages prove e morb o edt successful doiny B . g thi t 10-cela s l levele th , programm efinae manageneas th a l t o rt user ge possibles o sst a . Particularly at this level wome e reachednexe ar nth t r phasFo . e mobilisatioeth f o n decision makers (e.g. official Partn i sadministrativd yan e structure) should become the responsibility of the HOD's with financially support of the District Council e programmTh . concentrato t s i e n trainineo e finath g l beneficiaries. e VWSC'Th s function reasonable well. Lac f supporo e kvillag th y b et government, the misuse of water funds by the village government do affect the performance of the VWSC. Due to traditional customs, which are only slowly disappearing, the participation of women in the VWSC is weak. The VWSC will have 2, but their involvement is not optimal. This could be improved when training at 10 cell level receives more attention. t high no fund M e contributione . Misusar & sTh O f funde eo th y b so st leaders make villagers hesitan contributeo t villagew fe a sn I .contribution s are collected when money is needed. This average balance in the O&M fund per division is: 1. Mwaya Tsh. 5,038 2. Lupiro Tsh. 3,375 3. Mtimbira Tsh. 7,925 4. Malinyi Tsh. 9,523 e fielTh d staff doe t receivsno e instructione s th fro e Districn mo th Q H t level of contribution expected from the village. This is decided by the VWSC, the village chairman and secretary. Sustainability is never discussed. In a few cases the field staff are not allowed any more to return to the villages withou e material th e IWt th Pr wherfo s e IWth e P were already promised suc hlona g time ago. 8 Except for 2 village in Mtimbira division, all programme villages have reached step 11 till 15. The bottle-neck at the moment is the construction agriculturae th o fs a IW d Pan l seaso starteds nha , handing over before July is not expected. The delay in construction has affected the interest of the communities. Training requirements: To strengthen community participation more emphasis should be placed on training of 10 cell leaders, care takers and women groups. Leadership training for women to increase their participation in the RWSP Study tours within the districts for VWSC, VM, VHM and village leaders to more successful villages. . 6 WOME DEVELOPMENN I T Ulangn I participatioe ath womef n o variou e th t na s leve implementatiof lo n followss isa : TOTAL MALE FEM,\LE DWSC 6 6 District team 3 2 1 Field team) s(4 12 11 1 VWSC (20) 100 60 40 VHW 40 20 20 VM 20 20 0 2 6 9 11 1 18 TOTAL Nearly a third of the people directly involved are women. Most of them are part of the VWSC. Their influence in protecting women's interest is limited. The suggestion by the district team to have 3 female members in the VWSC should firs e discusseb t d thoroughly wit womee hth t villagna e level (see Anne. x5) fiele I nLupirth e dth teamf o o divisioA s H onl e ynexfemalee th s n i th tr Fo . programme phase each team should hav t leas ea female on t e member. This can be done by transferring two CDA's to divisional level, by including one more female HA and one female DFA. womeTher3 2 e ear n groups with economic activities whicf o UWe 8 , har T CDTd groupsan S F hav.DV e provide group4 dd grantan s7 respectivelyo st . The activities are in farming, animal husbandry, maize milling, weaving and sewing maie .Th n problem weae sar k managemen financiae th d tan l demands made by village leaders. The villages having women activities are: Iringa, Ruaha, Mtimbira, Kwiro, Malinyi, Uponda, Mahenge, Mway Isongd aan e Women are best served by RWSP when they are involved in the early stage of interventio t villagna e level Therefore fieldteams shoul e trainedb n di dealing with gender issues relating to water and sanitation. More time should r e spenhearinmobiliso b t fo sten e n i t e womepgon me eth theid nan r opinions. For the next phase a framework should be established for the e programmth gende f o rm thao ai issuest e e t themTh . e e shoulth e db strengthenin women'f go s decision making powe villagt ra e level using water and sanitation as a mean. 10 . 7 AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES 7.1 GENERAL In general, there is no shortage of water. The available resources exceed the deman ordee demane th th farf magnitudy n o dr:b i e s di th f o f 0.01eo % rainfall. The main problem is the bacteriological contamination of the existing sources and the underdevelopment of water resources. 7.2 RAINFALL Rainfal highs i l . Mean rainfall varies between 1000 m/yearplaine th n i s near e Kilomberth o rive250d an r0 m/yeae mountainouth n i r s area soutf ho Mahenge. Rainfall can be collected for domestic use by means of roof catchments, especially from buildings with large roofs like e governmentthosth f eo . Notably Mahenge wit s highit h rainfall coulsuitabla e db e plac r thiefo s method to harvest rainwater. 7.3 SURFACE WATER The District boundary in the north coincides with the Kilombero River. Its flood plain covers approximatel e Districtth f floodes i o t I .% dy25 almost every year during the months of April and May. All major streams are probably perennial. Nine piped water supplies have intakes alon perenniae gth l rivers. Water enters these systems without treatment 4 7. GROUND WATER (INCLUDING SPRINGS) The total amount of groundwater available in Ulanga District exceeds the domestic demand by far. It is evenly distributed over the area. Salinity seems not to be a problem. Accordin DWEe th o gt , iromanganesd nan e pos eproblea well4 t 2 mn sbu i chemical analyses found the water to be suitable for domestic purposes. Groundwate plaine th presens n i si r t shalloa t w depthsMahenge th n I . e highland elsewherd san mountainse th n ei , ther mane ear y spring t onlsbu y febeine war g usedireca s da t sourc domestir efo c use. 11 7.5 WATER QUALITY Groundwate f gooo r d chemical qualit founs yi d almost everywhere th n ei District In the mountains, good quality groundwater emerges in numerous springs and seepages The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic. 12 IMPLEMENTATION CAPACIT DISTRICT YA T LEVEL Wit non-functionaha l Distric tactin n Councila d gan Heaactin n a ,D dgDE e Planninoth f g Offic situatioe th e Ulangn callee ni b n d aca problematic . Staff is available for the expansion of the programme to the Sth division and by providing faster transport to all the Geld teams they will be able to cope villagesw ne wit e h.th Assessment of the implementation capacity: 8.1 PLANNING Management and planning is a major problem in the last two years. The present DA has a CD training and lacks the necessary planning skills. The planning office is not taking sufficient responsibility for the programme. Furthermore the relation between the DWSC and the field staff is strained. Allowances for Geld staff are reduced without any explanation. The Geld staff have to wait for several days at the district HQ to receive their salaries and allowances. Thus working condition t supportedno e sar e financia Th . l positio e Districth f no t Counci problematis i l stafd can f employee th y db Council (e.g. Community Development) have not been paid any salary since September 1991. nexe th tr phasFo programme eth e should insis frof havinA e o t mth DP ga Planning OfGce presene shoulinvolvee Th .A b t DP te mor y dno th dan n ei programm thers ea lacs ei f trusk o Gele tth betweedd teaman m .nhi e contributionTh e HDD'th f f o Healto ss h Water d Communitan , y Development to the RWSP are limited. However, by introducing a project manager with direct link o District s t implementor s proposea s e th y b d evaluation mission e attitudth , f disintereso e changy ma tf o e inte on o obstruction l togetheAl . RWSe rth missins Pi necessare gth y support within districte th s decision making structure. 2 8. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT The staff assigned to the programme, DCOI and CDA's have a good understanding of their role in RWSP. For CDO/CDA's a two months course including e.g. approache o t strengthes n community participation, management skills, and gender issues is recommended. A yearly refresher course shoul conductee db trainine th n dI g attention shoul e givee db th o nt Gnancial aspects of sustainability at village level. 8.3 GENDER ISSUES/WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT. e GelTh d staff deal n practicao s l basis with these issues strategA . o t y strengthen women's positions at village level using Water & Sanitation as a mean, should be developed. 13 8.4 SANITATION AND HYGIENE e healtTh h stafd theiha f r professional training year o withouag s y an t refresher courses since. Suggestions for training are to conduct a tailor-made cours improvo et e communicatio communitd nan y mobilisation skillse b o t , followed each yea shory b r week2 t s courses coverin gspecifia c theme. Educational materials produce Ministre th y db Healte f useye o th b n dn i hca RWSP. A study tour for DHOI and HA Geld staff to Kilombero district to visi S'flb'e th t L projec improven o t t latrinesdpi . For the hygiene and sanitation education which is a continuous process in the village, the position of the VHW is important. A standard two month course is developed by the Ministry of Health. In 2 divisions VHW's have been trained through the CSD programme. For the remaining 3 divisions 46 VHW's are to be trained. The same counts for the new villages to be included in the programme. 8.5 SURVEY AND CONSTRUCTION ACTTVmES The survey and construction teams for both shallow wells and piped water supplie e stronar s g enough. Mos e trainedar t . They shoul e ablb do t e construct annually abou 5 shallo2 t wo rehabilitat t welld an s e samth e e number. In addition, they should be able to construct one piped supply and to rehabilitate another. The construction team can easily be made operational by training one extra team member. But they need refresher courses. Section Qualified Trained Equipment No. of Untrained Personnel Available Operational Personnel Teams Survey 0 2 old 1 Piped Supplies Construction 1 3 old 0 Piped Supplies Survey Shallow Wells 0 2 1 set 1 Construction Shallow Wells 1 3 1 set 1 8.6 MONITORING/REPORTING The monitoring & reporting system takes an average of a week per month of the field teams time. Faster transport and/or a more efficient division of introducede b o wort e kar . Follow-up trainin levell al t requiredgs a si . Field teams should be trained together with the district team in analysing, reporting and problem solving. 14 8.7 TRANSPORT At district level the available transport seems adequat comine th r efo g5 years onle Th .y one-and-a-half year Toyotd sol a landcruise bees ha rn used extensivel programmn no r yfo e purposes alreads ha t I . y covered more than 125.000 km. A lorry is requested. The option suggested is to make funds availabl e Districth r o hirt fo et a lorre y froe vehiclmth e th poo f o l Programm t regionaea l level. Placin Districe lorre th g th o t yn a f t o wil e b l programmee th o t districe e th us s a , t administration ow s it r fo t ni wile us l benefits. At divisional level. Wit expansioe hth programme th f no distancee eth o st cover become larger. Seventeen (17) motorcycles are required (15 for the field, 2 for the district HW). Various models should be compared and the one that is most suitable for women should be chosen. To provide the motorcycles on loan basis is not effective as staff when being transferred take e transporth t wit e loanhth they . ceasd Thupa m an o et s another system should be developed. t villagA e level field teams suggested that VH Vd WMprovidee an b d with bicycle improvo st e mobilit villagee th n yi . 8 8. FACILITIE EQUIPMEND SAN T An division level working condition improvee b n sca providiny db tableg1 , chairs3 smala , l cabine pinboarda d an t e e reques officn th Th a .r r fo efo t PA is not very urgent. 8.9 FINANCIAL CAPACITY presene Th t financial positio programme e districeffece s th it th n s f no to tha , as funds are being "borrowed" to cover non-programme expenses. Thus the PA is not able to provide an overview of expenses to the programme office. Therefore activities are limited. It furthermore explains why the allowances for the field staff have been reduced. Little should be expected of the District Council. The development budget of the District Council in 1990/91 was Tsh 744,000 and for 1991/92 nil Thus for the near future the contribution of the District Council to RWSP will be limited and sustainability at this level is not be expected. Thus other alternatives by which the water sector is less depend on the District Council should be looked into in order to reduce donor dependency 15 . 9 WATER DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 9.1 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND DUG LARGE DIAMETER (RING WELLS) rin4 Ther4 g e wellear s equipped with hand pump Ulangn i s a Districtn I . addition ther e ninear e rin griver-bedn i well e pipeg th du sr d fo swate r supplies l nin non-operationale Al . ear . Ring wells are suitable for the lowlands with alluvial or colluvial cover. The major disadvantag f thieo s kin peoplewelf y do b thas i lg d t du an ,the e yar that therefore diggin stoo t s p jusgha t belo watee wth r watetablee th f I r. table drops the wells have to be deepened. Another disadvantage is that these wells can easily be contaminated. 9.2 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND AUGURED TUBE WELLS mosr Byfa t wells constructe Ulangn di a Distric f thio se typear t . Thee yar suitable for the lowlands with alluvial or colluvial cover where the water deepo to t tabl. no Thei s ei r total number amount approximatelo st y 121. These well sadvantagee havth l eal disadvantage e nond th san f eo f rinso g well e preferreshould th an s e db d technological choic r Rurafo e l Water Supply Points in the plains. 9.3 MACHINE DRILLED DEEP WELLS Too expensive while the use of electrical or diesel pumps is risky 9.4 SURFACE WATER - RIVERS Surface water is underdeveloped as the head-waters of the rivers are all covered with dense forest. Water is tapped directly from those rivers. However, those forested head-waters then mus e protecteb t d from deforestation and human settlement. All piped supplies pumping water from ring wells in the river beds are non- operational because of lack of spares or fuel. Therefore, this technology e shoulusedsimpls b i t t I . dno y impossibl maintaio t e n them withie th n Tanzanian context 16 5 9. SPRINGS Spring e underdevelopedar s . There seemample b o t se scop develoo et p them in the Mountains. However, a systematic survey are never done. The fact that most rivers draining those areas do not dry up during the dry seasons proves the presence of numerous perennial springs. 6 9. ROOF CATCHMENTS e biggesTh t buildings Maheng e thosar e e e missio th th buil d y b tan n government, and they are the ones which seems to be most suitable to function as roof catchments. However, the option of water supply by springs seems preferable. 9.7 OTHER OPTIONS. Rock catchments, Sand and sub-surface Dams, Earth Dams, Charcos, Pans and Hafirs. Not (yet) appropriate for Ulanga District as the options discussed adequate ar foreseeable 6 th r 9. efo o t 1 ine9. future. 17 . 10 INPUT OTHEY SB R AGENCIES Inputs by GOT, development projects i)1990/91 Rural Water Supply TShsl,600,000 ii)RWSP (use repair d dfo ol f o r landcruiser) TShs 500,000 iii) CSD TShsl,000,000 1991/9- Input T Rurar s2GO fo l Wate RWS+ r P TShsl,770,000 18 11. WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PLANNING future Th e directio Rurae th f nlo Water Supply Programm nexe th tr fivefo e years, as proposed by the District involved consist of: Cost (TShs) rehabilitation of two piped water supplies 15 mln rehabilitation of four piped water supplies (estimaten s ml only 0 3 ) construction of 116 shallow wells in 19 villages with a total of 29000 inhabitants 58 mln construction of 3 piped gravity water supplies & survey opipe2 f d gravity water supplies villages5 , , 17000 inhabitants 83 mln n ml 6 18 TOTAL This equals an investment in water development of approximately Tsh 1200 per capita for the next five years. villagee th lisf A o t s propose includee b programm e o dt th n di attaches ei d in the Annex 19 ANNEXES Annex 1 Rural Water Supply Points (RWSP) Annex 2A Piped Water Supply - Villages Anne B xPipe2 d Water Supply Schemes. Anne x3 Programme Villages 1987 199- 2 Annex 4 Proposed Programme Villages Annex 5 Present Programme Villages Representation of Women in VWSC and Village Council. 20 05-Har-92 Martin HOBS Horogoro RtfSP ANNE1 X Villages in HOROGORO REGION and vater supply syateas. - HiJI / HRVSP Mot NC rking 1 Villagenaie Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Hater jDist WSC Syst Pop. Pop. wile veils veils veils Qty ! Present I I 1 Biro 1811 1200 1 4 1 Good ;DLG 2 Chigandugandn 3448 2100 2 7 2 Good !UIG » 3 Chikuti 796 600 2 2 2 t Sa 10LG Chiloibor4 a G 2556 2556 1 1 t Sa IDLG Bbny5 u 2136 ;OLG Epank6 o 2305 'l 1 !DLG 7 Kuga 1498 300 1 Sat !OLG 8 Goibe 729 1 1 Sat 10LG 9 Idunda 1658 1 1 Sat !OLG 10 Igava 2580 2580 1 9 1 Good IULG » 11 Igota 1286 1200 5 [ Good ,'DLG t 12 Igubiro 2271 300 1 t Sa lULG 13 Ihowanja DP 3096 1543 !OLG 4 Iput1 i 3945 1 1 Sat IOLG 15 Iragna DP 2743 1671 2 2 Good IOLG 16 Isongo G 3152 3152 IULG 17 Isyanga 1753 1 1 Sat IOLG 18 Calengakero 3068 3068 9 2 Good iULG 19 Jetaketa 3428 1 1 Sat ,'ULG 20 lichangani 2835 1 1 Sat iULG 21 lidngale 1261 10LG 22 lilosa Kpepo 1180 !OLG lip«ny3 2 o 759 1 1 Sat :ULG liping4 2 o DP 3807 3300 11 Good !OLG t 25 lisvago 1096 l 1 Sat ',ULG 26 litnti 1456 ;OLG 27 Kivnloni 3398 2700 9 Good !ULG Lugal8 2 a DP 1567 1567 5 Good !OLG Lnhoiber9 2 o 3588 3588 1 13 1 Good |OLG 1 Lukand0 3 e 969 1 1 Sat |OIG 31 Lupiro DP 2794 1547 1 1 Sat IOLG 32 Habanda 782 1 1 t Sa iOLG Hadibir3 3 a DP 3448 1114 IOLG 34 Hanenge Mjini G 5405 5405 !OLG 35 Hakauga G 2340 2340 :OLG 6 Haliny3 i DP 4344 4141 12 t Sa IOLG * 37 Haviiba DP 2184 1966 8 Good !OLG 38 Mbagnla 1257 iOLG 9 Hbaliny3 i 1132 300 1 1 1 Good 10LG Hbug0 4 a 2249 1 1 t Sa IOLG t 41 Hdindo 796 IOU3 Mgol2 4 e 1570 IDLG 43 Hilola 984 1 1 Sat iOLG 44 Binazini (Itete) DP 4895 4895 3 2 Sat IOLG Kinep5 4 a DP 1256 1256 1 Good IDLG 46 Bisegese 2124 2124 1 7 Good IDLG 47 Msongezi 2738 IDLG Btiibir8 4 a DP 3347 2295 7 Sat !OLG * 49 (huga DP 1945 1945 1 3 1 Good iULG * Bway0 5 a DP 5461 2880 1 Sat IOLG 05-Mar-92 Martin HOBS Horogoro RWSP ANNE1 X Village MOROGOBn i s O REGIO wated an N r supply systens HAJ- . HRVS/ I P Not working 1 Villagenaie Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Hater jDist 7WSC Syst Pop. Pop. veils wells wells veils Qty ! Present I 1 Hzelez1 5 i G 1938 1938 1 t Sa IlILG 52 Hakafuh 702 1 1 Sat ! 1 Subtotal Qlanga 147415 81045 43 122 29 5 1 HOROGORO RBGI08 ; 1 GRAND TOTAL 1148033 512458 67 1116 47 345 l 05-«ar-92 Martin HOBS Horogoro RWSP ANNEA 2 X PIPED HATES SUPPLY SCHEMES mm DISTRICT Village Systei Total Served Doiestic Shallow Water rose Pop. Pop. vaterpoin veil Qtj Present 1 Ihovanja DP 3096 1543 5 Iragu2 a DP 2743 2100 7 2 Good Isong3 o G 3152 600 6 4 Lopiro DP 2794 1547 7 1 Sat Madibir5 a DP 2228 1114 2 Haheng6 e Hjini G 5405 5405 Hakang7 a G 2340 2340 6 Halinyi/Iipingo/Lug8 a DP 8151 8151 23 12 Sat » Maviib9 a DP 1966 1966 6 8 Good 10 Hinazini (Itete) DP 4895 4895 3 Sat 11 Hinepa DP 1256 11 9 Good Onf ordeo t r 12 Mtiibira DP 2790 2295 5 7 Sat * 13 (fanga/Htinbira DP 1945 1945 6 0 14 Kvaya DP 5461 2880 13 1 Sat 15 Mzelezi G 1938 1 Sat in process 16 Hanenge P 2164 2164 17 Roaha G 4531 4531 9 18 Sail G 1618 1618 5 19 Sofi Mission Private 996 996 20 Usangule/Htiibira DP 3861 1500 3 9 Vigo1 2 i G 2865 2865 Subtotal [Jlanga District 66195 50455 114 56 GRAND TOTAL HOROGORO REGION 401855 324336 760 203 ANNEX2B PIPED WATER SUPPLIES ULANGA DISTRICT No Operational Name Source Method DWP DWP 1 Mwaya RW in riverbed Diesel Pump 13 0 2 Ruaha river gravity 9 9 3 Sali river gravity 5 5 4 Mtimbira RW in riverbed Diesel Pump 16 0 5 Ihowanja riverben i W R d Diesel Pump 5 0 6 Malinyi riverben i W R d Diesel Pump 23 0 7 Isonga river gravity 8 8 8 Makanga river gravity 6 6 9 Iragua RW in riverbed Diesel Pump 7 0 10 Lupiro riverben i W R d Diesel Pump 6 0 11 Mavimba R Wriverben i d Diesel Pump 6 0 12 Minepa riverben i W R d Diesel Pump 11 0 13 Itete RW in riverbed Diesel Pump 0 0 Private TOTAL 115 28 Domestic Water Point supplr spe y 9.6 RW = ring well Mtimbira Water Suppl extendes yi Madibirao dt , Mung Usanguld aan e Malinyi Water Supply is extended to Misegese, Lugala and Kipingo 05-Mar-92 Horogoro fiifSP ANNEX 3. List of PROGRAM villages OLAHGA DISTRICT Nr. ,'Villagenaie Popf .o . Nr Nr.f o o f. Nr Current step | SVells RVells DW's in O&M setup 1 ,'Lnhoibero 3588 13 1 15 2 IChigandugandu 3448 7 2 11 3 IWraga 2249 i 11 4 llgota 1286 4 1 15 5 jHakafuh 702 1 11 6 Jlguibiro 2271 1 11 {Hild7 a 984 1 11 8 IHaviiba 2164 8 6 15 9 Jlivnkoni 3398 10 11 10 ,'Mtiibira 3347 7 5 1 11 [Madibira 3448 2 3 12 Itonga 1945 3 1 6 11 13 IDsangule 3861 9 1 3 15 14 llalengakero 3068 2 2 11 15 iHalinyi 4344 12 15 11 16 [Hisegese 2124 7 I 1 11 17 llgawa 2580 9 1 15 8 ILugal1 a 1567 5 1 11 19 Ilipingo 3807 11 5 15 20 IBiro 1811 4 1 11 1 1 1 1 52012 112 14 44 NEW PROGRAMME VILLAGES (JLAN8A DI8TSICT POPULATIWi DIVISION VILLAGE MALE FEMALE TPi i '_n>1 uT A I Q 1 Q VI GO I 1 . Uponera 1051 O 1 J 1930 j /. ocr OO Q1 2 . I songo A1 **a/. OOu C C 1 O . Makang3 a 1073 1037 « i *_>'_; C /. 1 MWAYA 4 . Nkongo 530 U-* A I 23 1 5. Chiroffibola 1125 1244 236S 8 . 3oiabe 350 315 S75 /. -71 7. Lukande 420 U*J ' OCCO 8. Ipubi 1705 1344 • -." vj ^j u 9. Kebakeba 1087 nei 2243 coc 1 *i o n 10. Euga 'JCJ'J 701 1 1 T-T-T — • •- GCC 1 f\ 1 O . Ai-.lJO^A y \J ^t.",' A v A i, i _J / U MAI TMVT cm 1 f\ /. O noi_ \4A i A : . Mbaliny12 i 521 A W-fU . 1/ M_1-__-J_ o/. c q-i»3 / ou ^724 con A _r » i ciriya C 1. -5 1233 IP f/ . l___ *_. ._ M_-_^ — coo CC.'. ID, l\ A A»^3o J%WO 1 4^^?^-"-' ^o U 1032 MTTMDTOA in o— r : M— . ; - npcQ 1 1 i A i ILJ A fin A / . WW i A 1 IO J A J A 1363 150S y. /. /. i u . »\ A dwciriyO 571 1015 o t o i "1 3 O . .' 13. Njiw-s ^- i 1 LJ 21SS o Q M n~i na i i nriAni oooo /-COO OOrt . Kipeny21 o 323 t^ 1^ L> 703 r i tpr orv on TJ.._-I_ TOO *~) J. "1 C C Ljt/ria.i<« / uu t ** / 1 3 23. Kichangani 1 209 1415 2S25 ^*^ . rluiiri'jG 343 33S 733 nc M___ ——— | i ncrj 1285 OCOCj . Chikub26 i og/. 373 737 n OGOO TOTAL i •-^' !-- 0 ,„!!!.**'.'!. .^N£s: 5 - LiANEft PROFJ3ED BuDEET - ;V ^cc - FOR^LATiON MISSION liLANSA !Yea i r jy'ea5 2- r District Advisor 10-4332 . Allo»ances 82 ri 215 1 . Transport. 1000 t 1,400 1 , Stationery 400 ! 2.015 : Local Personnel 10-4311 1. DKSC (3 HOD) 4B days 418 ! 2. District teass 120 days 864 ; . Fieldteae3 - Tsh.21fc.00s 0 3,240 ,' 4. Drivers (3) 200 days 108 ! . Surveyor5 2 s 576 ; k. Construction tear'fiehab 5/fc 1,340 ! Coristructicn/Rehab. pipe 2,016 i 8,542 : Investment Sapleajrstation Survey t drilling Toolboxes; VI'.ICQP; 25 v Tsr>, 2,200 Sjffri eo'jics; ~^', 963 500 ;0-i531 !!ovg5tieep - transport t 13. Motorcycles 17 x Tshs.520.- 8,540 3,840 '4, Bicycles 114 » *sh. 52.000, 4,004 4,004 12.844 iO ^a^rport rjnrurg -:o=ti .^roqraite *?hicl8= J '50.000 'i» p.y. s T=ri. 50- . 'Lorry 15.000 *:« s 100 .^oto^cycle;, District Tee,1 !0.000 * ~E^ 20.- ANNEX 5 - ULANSA PROPOSED BUDGET - BY PRE - cuRH!JLAT!QN MISSION h 1000Ts )n (i IULANGA '.Yea1 r ' 5 ea2- r IQTAL i 20 iMaterials - Maji ! i Hi) S- Wrehs b * construction i 8,000 Mii! Pipe supply rehab + constr. ! 30,000 j :______; ; •; 38,000 •2>S •<*>••> l-O.OOO 40 {Material: Afya 1 Unproved latrine slabs ; 1,300 1.300 6.506 ! Cemen + chicket n wire Tsh. 2 , r 20slabpe 0 ! ;(Sh. 10,000 per year per district) i i 10 {Drainage 0 26 ' 260 i , 300 lTsh.7,000.- per slab - sh. 2, COO ! i i • ' draining ; : ! . Two P-or-tr, :ourcc rea 2 r ; ! Ruaha TRf 4.000 4,vOO ;,2 ;Hsaitf: ir'sa"-' :• :vv : , ooo .'Or,e : f.3-.tl2.30- 0:c-vs 2 -a • e r 2 . oo ; •• a$* A. 3 IWater Nearly - Tsh. 50.000 pp 1 HFieldtea: & district Officers i/C 700 700 3.500 ( i i,1 !0ther trainers . >rW7 &^n? j.OvO 1-100 '.Training V"* - ;Vear 1=25 3,300 ;Year 2=2? iVea" 3 = 25 '-•i' i = 2} 2.000 r: ;: : •; = : : = = \ «»»1,00t 0 t is in C.' \) OC S ft rMJi \ji _ u O, C-6_ UL9NCJQ ^ \STfi\CT CM a <£ \ >A \N ^ 3 \OxXVY-x\3 2, -p, <- Z. ^ 2> -^ X 5" k e Ok c^' ^ ~LS ^ 3 n . 1 V *^ SC CowsvS^ KILOMBERO DISTRICT MOROGORO APPENDIX III 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Kilombero District covers an area of 14,918 km*. It is situated in the south- west of the Morogoro Region in Tanzania, It is subdivided into 5 divisions, 19 villages 6 ward4 d aree san .th covere s aArouni f o thic% y db d20 k forest including game reserves. Population 1988 (census) 187,026 Population as % of Morogoro region 15% Population growth rate 5% Population 1992 (projection) 227,000 Population 1997 (projection) 290,000 Population 2002 (projection) 370,000 The population density grew from 1988 to 1992 from 13 to 15.6/km2 1990-censue Th s counted 19,863 cattle, 2,730 goats, 2,616 shee pig7 d st82 an 137,773 poultry. Physiographically e Districth , dominates i t wide th ey db fla t valleye th f so Kilombero River wit SW-Ns hit E orientation which join e vallee th sth f yo Great Ruaha north-eastere Riveth n i r nDistricte th par f vallee o t Th . s yi bordere a narro y db w stri f hilld highlandpo an se north-wes th n i s e th t Udzungwa Mountains and Usagara Mountains. The hills and highlands consist of metamorphic Precambrian Basement rocks: mainly gneisse othed san r granitoid rocks highlande .Th mainle sar y covered by forest. Soil fertility is generally low. e KilomberTh o Valle floodes yi d annuallresula s a td covereyan heavy db y clays in its central parts. Here, the main crops are rice and sugar cane. The flanks are covered by numerous alluvial fans. The area in between the Great Ruaha River and the Kilombero River in underlai stripy nb f Pleistocenso e deposits, biotitic Basemene t rockth d san san siltstond dKarroan e th f eo o Formation. e shorTh t rains begi Novemben ni lasd an tr until December. Januard yan February are dry. The long rains starts in March and continue until the end of May. maie Th n food crop ricee sar , maize, cassavtypl al beans f eo d case aan .Th h crops are sugar cane, cotton and oil seeds such as sunflower, soya beans, groundnuts and simsim. e healtTh h infrastructur summarizee b n eca followss da : hospitals 2 dispensaries 25 health centre 2 villags e health post2 1 s Ther regulae ear r cholera outbreaks. Programmes wit Swise hth s Tropical Institute (STIFL) GoTe ,th , UNICE Netherlande th d Fan s Governmenm tai at improving environmental sanitation. The District Council's interest for water and sanitation is increasing. The development levy is Tsh 700.- per able adult per year, exempted are women depending on a husband. 2. EXISTING WATER SUPPLIES The water supply situation according to the District Water Engineer (DWE) and the DHV database in Morogoro is summarized in the following Table: Total Defect Operational o NoN . . No Shallow wells (tube) 163 17 146 Shallow wells (ring) 23 18 5 Piped water schemes (boreholes) 3 2 1 Piped water schemes (river,gravity) 10 10 10 Detail shalloe th f so w well receives sa d fro database mth Morogorn ei e oar give Annen i xafteI r corrections Districte madth y database b .Th e counts shallo6 18 w wells. The villages served by piped water schemes are listed in Annex 2a while the schemes themselves are listed in Annex 2b. Ten systems draw their water directly from the rivers. All these schemes are operational. Three systems draw ground water from boreholes .non-operational Theal e yar l becausf eo mechanical problem caseo tw r lac so n f fuesi k o onen i l . populatioe Th n serve domestiy db c water point estimates swa basie th sn do that each domestic water point serves 300 souls. In this way it was calculated e populatioth f o s % thaactualli n 39 t y serve y wate b dd thae an th rt infrastructur populatione th plac n i f o s servei o et % e47 . All water Points Operational Water Points No Pop. Serve o PopN d . Served Shallow 1 45,3015 % 020 55,80 6 % 18 25 0well s Public Taps 164 49,200 22% 145 43,500 19% 88,806 29 TOTA % 105,000 039 35 % L047 Most shallow wells are situated in the plains, in the villages along the main road pipee Th . d water supply scheme foune sar d along rivers. The bacteriological quality of piped water is not known but should be reasonably goot comei s da s from protected forest reserves. Thero n s ei habitation in these areas. Groundwater of good chemical quality is present throughout the District. But in a few cases people complain about high iron and manganese content Samples were analyzee wate s th foun t wa r bu dd suitabl r humafo e n consumptio casesl al n ni . The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic e concentrationTh populatioe th watee f sth o d r supplienan s match rather well as both are centred along the main road. . 3 SANITATION Ther generan i s ei wateo ln r shortag Kilomberon ei . Consequently improved water supply does not have the highest priority. Considerable awareness raising is needed on the relation safe/clean water to health issues. In an 8- month period in 1991, from January until August, 849 cases of cholera were registered. A district cholera campaign was launched last year. Villagers were informed about preventive measures to take and households were checked on the latrines used. Due to high water table unlined latrines collapse during raine th y programme seasonth t leasf a o n 7 t.I e villages, choler occurd adi . Malaria, diarrhoea and schistosomiasis and worms are the water-borne and water-related diseases with the highest incidence. Preventive health care programme relation i s wateo n t sanitatio d an r n are: CSD (Child Survival Development) being implemented in 12 of the RWSP villages e VHTh . W withi havD enCS receive montho tw da s training. Follow-up training focused on preventive measures particularly related to disease. Extension of the programme with 29 villages will be decided coming March. CDC (integrated Communicable Diseases Control) started in 1989 with a construction programme for improved pit latrines. It is concentrated ivillage6 n s with high prevalenc f schistosomiasiso e . Fou f theso r e village RWSPn i e latrinr s ar contribute C .Pe eCD bags2 cemenf so d tan mes t latrinhpi wiree e Th .owne r takes car f bricko e d labouran s . Programme is supported by GoT and STIFL. - Fact Lifr UNESCOa sfo e - ProgrammT GO , d UNICEFan o et O WH , strengthen primary health care. Training/awareness raising is provided to P.H.C committee's at various levels. Educational material (3 books) in Swahili have been produced. However distribution is limited. fieldteame HA'e DHOth th n sd i Ian s deal wit above hth e three programmes as well as with RWSP on district, division and village level. The position of VHW (Village Health Worker). All but one RWSP villages (onW have VH malee 2 female)e ,on . Twenty four VHW villages2 s(1 ) were trained receive d througan D bicyclda h CS completionn eo districe .Th n i s i t procese th f establishinso village th y gb e by-lawW paymenr VH sfo e th f o t government VHWs working in villages with CSP, RSWP and PHC have to deal with 3 reporting systems. Gender issue relation si healto nt sanitatiod t beinhan no ge ndealar t with RWSPe inth districn O , t level health data don't reflect gender healte .Th h RSWe teath onlms n female i P ha y on e Ifakarbasee th n di a division. There are no female HA in the other divisions. It seems that the GOT only started recently to train female HA for preventive health care. Training requirements: New techniques/approache strengtheo st presene nth t effort healtn i s h and sanitation educatio neededs ni DHOe Th .HA'd Ian s miss skilln si communicatio communitd nan y mobilisation. Village based trainin cel0 1 l r leadergfo caretakerd san thes sa y proved mose th te b effectiv o t e sourc disseminatior efo f informationno . Standard government training of 2 months for VHWs in RSWP villages not covere CDSy db . The construction of washing slabs, improvement of the drainage system and the construction of concrete latrine slabs are other means to improve sanitation. WATER DEMAND Rough estimates of the water demand for the year 1997 and 2002 given in followine th g Table: 1997 2002 mVday mVday Domestic Water deman I/head/day0 d(3 ) 8,750 11,100 Cattle Watering (30 I/head) 700 1,000 Other animals 1,000 1,000 TOTAL DEMAND OF HUMANS AND ANIMALS ca 10,500 13,000 This is only a very small fraction of the available water (Section 7). Not the magnitude of the demand but the dispersed areal distribution of the demand and the safety of the water sources are the main problems. 5. LEVEL OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATION AT VILLAGE LEVEL Community Development deals currently wit donoh9 r funded programmes implemented together with other departments' Health, Maji and Agriculture. Accordin fiele th d o gt staf f thernoticeablo n s ei e differenc performancn ei e of villages with only RWSP and those with both RWSP and CSD. Of the 21 RWSP villages, 12 are also within CSD. On division/ward level the female male th dealed A Can Ds witCD A wit D h hCS RWSP . In the process of awareness raising, a very important group namely the 10- cell leaders wer t includedno e . Misunderstandin d thereforan g e lacf o k interest with villagers could have been avoided if 10 cell leaders were included from the start. In general the seminars for secretaries (e.g. village chairma nsecretaries- , ward secretaries etc.) hav t createeno expectee dth d suppore programmeth r fo t . Therefor continuatioe th e f thesno e seminars should become GOT-contribution to the RWSP while the programme will concentrat efforts eit mobiliso t s people eth villagn eo e level. VWSe Th C works reasonabl vero yt y wel mosn i l t villages severan I . l cases more than more than two woman are members of the VWSC. No. Programme VWSC Division Villages M F . Mang'uii a yf\ 17 28 2. Ifakara 8 23 17 . Kidat3 u 4 9 11 TOTAL 21 49 56 contributiofune e amoungeneraM n i Th d Th s i O& diffe w d e lo tl th an r o nt to be contributed is based on what the village is willing to pay and not on requirements of sustainability. According to the CD staff there has never been proper instructions to this end. No water levy is charged for non domestic wate suce beerus s h a r brewing averagn I . e household contribution is less than TShs 50 per month. For example in Mbasa with 14 IWP (9 shallow wells and 5 DWP), the contribution per IWP is TShs 200 per month. Total numbe . Thi40 sf s household i o rmean P IW contributioa s r spe f no r householTShpe 5 s r monthpe d o increasT . e contributioth e n clear directions fro Districe mth t Counci needede lar . Furthermore, steps muse b t take ensuro nt e thafunde th t s canno misusee b t d Average amount in O & M fund per division. 1. Mang'uia TShs 14,033 . Ifakar2 a TShs 26,028 3. Kidatu TShs 13,676 8 Some villages have started income generating activities to contribute to the water fund. This is being promoted by the CDA's. In the Mangula division, eight villages are in step 12, one is on step 4. In Kidatn I . Ifakar13 u r villagedivision 8 steo n l o 2 apal 1 e sar , thre stile ear l n steo p(design)4 s i e on n severa I .d an l9 villagen o e surveth sr fo y extensio beet no ns undertakenha t Thereforenye hars i t predico i d,t w ho t many of the villages will be handed over before July'92 with full coverage being reached Two villages were recently handed over. These received an indication B meaning that further district council assistance is still needed. Training requirements: More emphasie giveb trainino o t nt s i s cel0 1 gl leader villagd an s e caretaker securo st necessare eth y suppor villagerse th f o t . - Study tours within the districts for VWSC, Village leaders VM and VHW to more successful villages. WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT In Kilombero, the participation of women at the various levels of water, sanitatio healtd nan h secto followss a s ri . Total Male Female Steerin- S DW g Comm. 6 6 0 District team 3 3 0 Fieldteam) s(3 9 7 2 VWSC (21) 105 49 56 VHW 41 21 20 VM 37 36 1 9 7 2 12 1 20 TOTAL Nearly 40% of the people directly involved are women. However at district level, wher e decisionth e programmn o s e implementatio e madear n o n , females are involved. The District should make sure that each field team will hav t leas ea female on t e officenexe th tn i phasr e (see Anne. x5) VWSe th n I C more tha memberne halth f o f women e sar . This should allow a more direc d activan t e involvemen f womee o plannint th n i d n an g implementatio t villagna e level. With high migration traditional customs tend to disappear. For women this often means that more freedom is acquired. Furthermore people migrate in searc bettef ho r economic opportunities. Economic activities undertakey nb women are supported by the following organisations: - provide S DV s tool equipment& s . Wit repaymente hth revolvina s g loan fund is being established. Around 18 activities have been supported in fields such as agriculture, weaving and sewing CDF s provideha T- d loanvillage9 r fo s purchas o t s e fanning inputs and/or sewing machines. CRDB Australia- n Women Fun dprovide- d loanwome2 r sfo n groups to buy maize milling machines. NE s recentlCha y started their women desd providan k e loanr fo s individual wome s wel na s wome a l n groups. Seve ) women(7 n have received assistance. e maiTh n problems identifie e lac f ar technicado k l skilld financiaan s l management. Management advisory services could assis strengtheo t n these women activities and prevent disappointments. It is doubtful if the CD department should provide those services. Other institutions like IDe Mar bette Districe rTh equippe. tso Councio d o budgetedt s ha l d fund assiso t s t women groups with training. 10 e DistricTh Geld t havan td no staf cleaea o d deafo t r picturlw witho hn eo gender issues. Thi understandabls si programme provider th fa s ea o s s deha very little attention to these issues. Training requirement for RSWP concerning women in development: r programmFo e implementers: Awareness raisin genden go r issue waten si sanitation d an r . Usine gth programme as a means to improve women's position in decision making in village affairs. Include data on gender issues in the basis line study (step 1) to be done by participatory action research involving the male and female population. r villagFo e women: Mobilisation and group formation are ways to influence the decision making process from household cel 0 villag1 o ,t l e government leves a l par watef o t sanitatiod ran n improvements. Training in management and bookkeeping for women in the VWSC, the VHW, female caretakers and women groups in RWSP villages. 11 7. AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES 1 7. GENERAL In general, there is no shortage of water. The available resources exceed the demand from humans and animals by far. This demand is in the order of magnitude of only 0.02 % of the rainfall. So, the main problem is not lack of water but the underdevelopment of the resources and the bacteriological contamination of the existing supplies. 7.2 RAINFALL Rainfall is moderate to high. Mean annual rainfall varies between 1000 mm plaine inth s nea Kilombere th r o rive rised e r mor o 250 th an ro s t m n ei 0 m mountains in the north. Rainfal n seasonallca l e collecteyb r domesti meandfo y b e f rooo sus c f catchments, especially from buildings with large roofs like e thosth f o e government. 7.3 SURFACE WATER The District boundary in the south coincides with the Kilombero River while part of the northern boundary coincides with the Great Ruaha River. Their flood plains cover approximatel Districte th f s floodei o t I .% dy75 almost every year durin e montth g f Apri o h d May l majoan lAl . r streame ar s probably perennial. Ten piped gravity water supplies have intakes along the perennial rivers. Water enters these systems without treatment. 7.4 GROUNDWATER (INCLUDING SPRINGS) The total amount of groundwater available in Kilombero District exceeds the domestic demand by far. evenls i t I y distributed ove areae th r . Salinitproblema t no s yi . Locally, iron and manganese pos probleea chemicat mbu l analyses foun watee e db th o rt suitable for domestic purposes. Groundwater in the plains is present at shallow depths: in the rainy season at 0.5 - 1.0 m and towards the end of the dry season at 3-4 m below ground surface. There are many springs in the rainy mountains areas along the northern boundary of the District but only few are being used as a direct sourc domestir efo c use. 12 7.5 WATER QUALITY Groundwate f gooo r d chemical qualit founs yi d almost everywhere th n ei District In the mountains, good quality groundwater emerges at numerous springs and seepage The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic. 13 8. IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY AT DISTRICT LEVEL The district has been able to fill the staff positions required for the programme and in general each department involved has good leadership supportiv RWSPe th o et . Assessmen implementatioe th f o t n capacity: 8.1 PLANNING. The DPA is a planning officer directly involved in the policy and planning watee oth f r sector. Plannin districn go t levethanklesa s i l s task. Central Government allocation are often late and reduced without proper consultations. Planning the District Council contribution is nearly impossible at dependi s revenun o s e collecte othed dan r pressing expenses sucs a h salarie f Communito s y Development staffe onlTh y. budgee b t than ca t donoe th f o r resultine planne muchon o attitude t r e th k th Fo n gas .i s d i o et the next phase improved objective programme planning is to be stressed in whic e attentiodu h s providei n o sustainabilitt d e contributionth d an y s Districe needeth d an td Council T fromGO . 2 8. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT goos ha d D leadershipspenC D averagn i HO t e dayTh e.3 monta s n ho RWSP. Community Development can meet the suggestion of having one female in each field team. In 1990/91 staff training included monitoring/reportin tead gan m work. Trainin stafD needeC s i fr w gfo ne n di approache o t communits y participation, management (financiald an ) bookkeeping skills. Teaching and training materials are lacking. The CDOI has limited experience with the gender issues related to water and sanitation. fieldteame stafth D n C i f e Th s combin theil taskeal D rC s when visitine gth villages. This is possible and avoids confusion. 3 8. GENDER ISSUES/WOME DEVELOPMENNN I T The field staff deals on practical basis with these issues. However, the opportunit f usinyo RWSe gth strengtheo Pt n women position withie nth village decision making structure has not been thought through. The report of the study on Women Involvement in the RWSP has not been received. A translation in Kiswahili is recommended. Training to introduce a framewor stratega d kan gender yfo r issue proposeds si . 14 8.4 SANITATION AND HYGIENE e DHOTh s responsibli I e preventivth r fo e e healt he district th car n i e . Together wit Districe hth t Coordinatoimplemente h H MC trainine r sth rfo g for VHWs. The health staff lack communication and community mobilisation theid ha skills r professionaA H . e Mosth f o t l training year withouo sag y an t refresher course e sincemontOn . h training focusinn o g communication/community mobilisation skills, identifying cause waterr sfo - borne diseases, problem solving, updating general preventive health care knowledge suggesteds ,i . This shoul followee db yearly db y refresher courses. Within the training gender issues related to water and sanitation is to be dealt with. e performancTh VHe th bees Wf eha o n wea e loncould n th kan gru n di constrain the improvement of hygiene and sanitation at village level. It is suggested tha RWSe th t P t traineassistno e traininn sdi ar o wh g thosW eVH CSDe byth . 8.5 SURVE CONSTRUCTIOD YAN N ACTTvTnES. The District has operational teams for the survey and construction of 25 shallow wells per year. In addition it has the capacity to rehabilitate 25 more shallow wells. Theroperationao n s ei l tea r survemfo f pipeyo d supplies. Staff is available for the construction but the equipment must be borrowed from the Region. Section Qualified Trained Equipments Operational Untrained Personnel Available Teams Personnel Survey 1 0 Theodolite, Dump level 0 Piped Supplies conditiod inba n Construction Piped Supplies 2 5 NIL 0 Survey Shallow Wells 2 3 1 survey set (incomplete)! Construction Shallow Well3 s 3 1 construction set 1 (incomplete) 8.6 OPERATIO MAINTENANCD NAN E stee stey pTh b p approac wels hi l accepted. Althoug implementatioe hth f no step 5,6 and 8 in relation to the financial contributions by various sources is not clear. Improvement in step 6 is needed through training of the field staff and by better communication between PA, district team and Geld team. Currently neithe e districth r e tfieldteam th tea r mo s have sufficient informatio sustainabilitn no t villagya e level. 15 8.7 MONITORING AND REPORTING More trainin analysinn gi e datrepord gth an a t writin s requestedgi e Th . purpose of monitoring namely that action is being taken to solve problems is to receive more attention. 8.8 TRANSPORT t districA t leve presene th l t transport available shoul adequate db e th r efo comin yearsg5 .cars e Witth ,f year h35,00o stricpe e r. us 0tkm e ruleth n so per car should be sufficient. For transport of materials and equipment a lorry is requested. However optioe ,th n suggeste mako t s di e funds available th o et district to hire a lorry from the vehicle pool of the programme at regional level. At divisional level with the expansion of the programme the distances to be covered by the field teams become larger. Motor cycles are therefore recommende fiell al dr teamsdfo . Various models shoul comparee db e th d dan thae alss on i t o suitabl womenr efo shoul chosene db . At village level Geld teams suggested that VHW and VM be provided with bicycles to improve their mobility in the village. 8.9. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT divisionan O l level working condition improvee b n sca providiny db tableg1 , chairs3 smala , l cabine pinboarda d an t . Office space wil made b l e available or programme container usede b n .sca 8.10 FINANCIAL CAPACITY Except for the salaries of the Community Development staff, the contributio e Districth f no t Counci s uncertaini l . However together with Government support several activities in improving water supply have and are still being undertaken, (see Inputs by other agencies). There is little indication that the District Council can sustain the water sector in the near future. Other management alternatives lookee havb o et d into durine gth next phas staro et procesa t s thalean reduceo ca dtt d donor dependency. 16 . 9 WATER DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 9.1 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND DUG LARGE DIAMETER (RING WELLS) Therrin1 2 ge wellear s equipped with hand pump Kilombern si o District8 1 , are non-operational when the hand pumps broke down and spares were not available. Hand pumps were removed in most of them. Afterwards, they were use bucker d fo t contaminate go tt lifbu t processe th n di . Ring wells are suitable for the lowlands with alluvial or colluvial cover. The major disadvantage of this kind of well is that they are dug by people, and that therefore diggin stoo t s p gjusha t belo watee wth r watetablee th f I r. table drop welle th s s deepenede havb o et . Another disadvantag s thaei t these well easiln sca contaminatede yb . 9.2 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND AUGURED TUBE WELLS mosBr yfa t wells constructe Kilombern di o Distric thif o se typear t . Thee yar suitable lowlandth r efo s with alluvia r colluviao l l cover wher e wateth e r deepo to t tabl. Theino s ei r total number amount accordin1 16 e o st th o gt District. These wells have all the advantages and none of the disadvantages of rings wells and should be the preferred technological choice for Rural Water Supply Points in the plains. 9.3 MACHINE DRILLED DEEP WELLS Such wells are expensive but the high costs can be justified if a large number of taps is proposed in piped water supply. However, all three piped water supplies are non-operational: two because of mechanical breakdowns and the remainin because gon f lace o f fuelko . 9.4 SURFACE WATER - RIVERS Surface water is underdeveloped as the head-waters of the rivers are all covered by dense forest Water is tapped directly from those rivers. However, those forested head-waters then mus e protecteb t d from deforestatio humad nan n settlement 5 9. SPRINGS There are probably many springs in the mountains. There seems to be ample scope to develop them. However, a systematic survey was never done. 17 The fact that most rivers draining those areas do not dry up during the dry seasons prove presence sth numerouf eo s perennial springs. 9.6 ROOF CATCHMENTS e biggesTh t building Ifakarn i s e thosar a e e missio th th buil d y b tan n government, and they are the ones which seems to be most suitable to function as roof catchments. However, most roofs are not in a good condition. Nevertheless, it is advisable to make roofs suitable as drinking water catchmen desige th f n futuri nto e public buildings, especially where shallow wells are problematic because of water quality problems. 9.7 OTHER OPTIONS Rock catchments, sand & sub-surface dams, earth dams, charcos, pans and hafirs (valley t appropriattanks)ye t No . r Kilomberfo e e optionth s a o s discussed in sections 91 and 96 are adequate for the foreseeable future. 18 10. INPUTS BY OTHER AGENCIES Inputs by GOT and District Council towards the development projects in the water & sanitation sector. r 1990/9Fo 1developmen- t projects Shallow wells constructio Mkangawaln i Lipangalald oan well2 a- s ShsT . 1,300,00GOT 0 District Counci ShsT l . 325,000 Shallow wells survey and construction Mlimba and Marere - In Merere 4 shallow wells constructed ShsT . GO1,835,00T 0 District Council T Shs. 385,000 RWSP - Government contribution to meet part of local personnel allowances s Sh 500,00T 0 T GO District Council T Shs 500,000 CDS. Child Survival Development GOT T Shs 800,000 District Council T Shs 1,800,000 r 1991/9Fo 2developmen- t projects o construcT wella tota4 t f Mofun o i ls , Chisaro, Mpang d Ngalimilan a a villages. GOT T Shs 148,000 District Council T Shs 185,000 Exten Kilame dth aKikwawil- a water supply schem Ifakaro et a township GOT TShs 48,000,000 District Counci s 12,000,00Sh T l 0 To rehabilitate the water intakes of Mang'ula A&B and Ichonde and Kisawasawa District Council T Shs 185,000 Payment of allowances to local personnel directly engaged in the RWSP s 1,000,00Sh T 0 T GO District Council T Shs 1,250,000 Other donor agencies: __ Swiss Government through ST1FL is implementing programmes concerning health, hygien sanitatiod ean n (see par. a3) 19 11. WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PLANNING A water resources development planning was not submitted. Taking into account the absence of operational teams for piped supplies and the favourable situation for more shallow wells, the last mentioned technology choice should be favoured at the expense of piped supplies. villagee th lisf A o t s propose includee b programme o dt th n di attaches ei d Annexe inth . 20 ANNEXES Annex 1 Rural Water Supply Points RWSP) Anne a x2 Piped Water Supply Villages Anne b x2 Pipe d Water Supply Schemes Anne x3 Programme villages Anne x4 Proposed Programme Villages Annex 5 Present Programme Villages, representation of women in VWS Villagd Can e Council 21 05-Mar-92 Martin HOBS Horogoro RBSP ANNEX 1 Villages in HOROGORO REGION and vater supply systens. - HAJI / H8HSP 1 Not virking 1 Villagenaie Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Hater IDist me Syst Pop. Pop. veils veils veils veils Qty i Present 1 1 Chisano 1015 600 2 Good IKLB 2 Chita G 5462 5462 iKLB 3 Ichonde G 1109 1109 !ILB I 4 Idete 5006 300 2 1 Saline \ll£ 5 Ifakara Hjini EP 11963 1200 26 11 Good :KLB 6 Kalengalo 3027 300 1 IKLB 7 Kawene 4992 300 1 Good !1LB latindink8 a 1620 1620 7 Good ISLE * latnrnkil9 a 1851 1851 6 3 6 Sat IILB * C 10D P 7757 7757 IKLB Private 11 Kibaoni EP 4409 2355 1 Good ;KLB 12 Kiberege G 4510 4510 2 11 Sat IKLB * 13 Kidatu G 4923 2000 IILB * 14 Kikvavila/Kapolo G 4726 4726 2 2 2 Good IKLB » 15 lining 'ina 2077 1800 6 Good IKLB * 16 Kisavasava G 2095 2095 4 Good IKLB * 17 litete 602 IKLB 18 Lipangalala 8120 3000 13 3 Good IKLB Lugal9 1 a 518 IKLB 20 Luieio EP 3733 3733 15 Good IKLB t 21 Hahutanga 2008 1200 4 Good IKLB * 22 Hang'ula A G 3378 3378 IKLB '* 3 Han2 g 'ola fi G 3787 3787 IKLB $ Mbae4 2 a 2720 2720 11 Good IKLB * Mbing5 2 u 4748 2700 9 Good IKLB Mcho«b6 2 e G 4483 4483 2 2 IKLB 27 Herera 3452 IKLB 28 Mgndeni G 1252 1252 IILB t 29 Michenga 3678 2400 8 Good IKLB t 30 Mkaiba rt 9651 4000 IKLB * 31 Mkangavalo 4727 1200 2 4 2 Good IKLB Mkair2 3 a 1118 1 1 IKLB Hkal3 3 a G 2214 •2214 IKLB 34 Mlabani 4150 2100 9 2 Good iKLfi 5 Bnget3 a G 2753 2753 1 Good IKLB 36 Hofti 3458 2 2 IKLB Hpang7 3 a 1514 600 2 Good IKLB 38 Hsolva Station G 5878 5878 Good |KLB t Msolv9 3 a Ujaiaa G 1625 1625 IKLB t 40 Mliiba G 7438 7438 Good IKLB 41 Hvaya G 4964 3155 Good IKLB t Naaaval2 4 a DP 1825 1535 Good IKLB t 43 Ngauiila 1058 600 2 Good IKLB 44 Sanje G 4303 4303 IKLfi 45 Son jo G 1998 1998 IKLB 46 Tanesco G 1552 1502 IKLB Tanganyik7 4 a 2052 IKLB Tavet8 4 a 3250 1 1 IKLB Ochindil9 4 e 527 527 1 2 1 Good !KLB 50 Ochindile Cbini 1035 600 1 2 1 IKLB 05-Har-92 Martin Hons Horogoro RtfSP ANNE1 X Villages in HOROGORO REGIO wated an N r supply systees HAJ.- MRHS/ I P t weNo >rking I Villagenaae Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Water jDiat me Syst Pop. Pop. veils wells veils wells Qty ! Present Utengul1 5 e 1192 300 1 !KLB 52 Viwanja Sitini 5363 600 2 Good |EB 53 Zignali 1909 1909 2 13 !ILB * Subtotal KiloBbero 184575 111475 23 163 18 17 1 05-Mar-92 Hartin HOBS Horogcro EHSP ANNEX 2A PIPED WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES KILOMBEEO DISTRICT Village Systea Total Served Donestic Shallot. Hater VMSC Pop. Pop. waterpoin well Qty Present 1 CMta G 5462 5462 12 2 Ichonde G 1407 1407 6 * 3 Ifakara Hjini EP 11963 1200 13 j Good 4 DC P 7757 7757 5 Kibaoni/Mbaaa EP 4409 2355 6 1 Good 6 Eiberege G 5708 5708 7 2 Sat * 7 Kidatn G 4923 4923 10 * tihiavila/Kapol8 o G 4726 4726 12 o Good * 9 Kisavaaava G 3112 3112 4 j Good * 10 Lnieio EP 4572 4086 12 15 Good * 11 Hahutanga EP 2008 900 6 12 Mang'ulaA G 4080 4080 10 t 13 Hang'nla B G 4738 4738 10 t 14 Mchoibe G 4483 4483 4 15 Mgudeni G 1252 1252 7 16 Mkaiba G 9651 9651 11 * 17 ftnla G 2214 2214 6 18 Hogeta G 2753 2753 4 1 Good 19 MBolva Station G 8508 8508 13 2 Good * Msolv0 2 a Ujaaaa G 2528 2528 12 i Hvay1 2 a G 6009 3155 12 1 Good » Naaawal2 2 a DP 2769 1535 6 » Good * Sanj3 2 e G 4303 4303 7 Sonj4 2 o G 1998 1998 4 25 Taoesco G 1552 1502 Private * Subtotal 112885 94336 194 34 ANNEX2b PIPED WATER SUPPLIES KILOMBERO DISTRICT No Village Sources Method No Operational Name DWP DWP 1 Msolwa Ujama River Gravity 12 12 Msolwa Station Gravity 13 13 2 Mkamba River Gravity 11 11 Kidatu 10 10 3 Sanje River Gravity 7 7 4 Muhta/Sonjo River Gravity 6 6 Sonjo 4 4 5 Mang'ula River Gravity 10 10 Mang'ula 10 10 Mgudeni 7 7 6 Ichonde River Gravity 6 6 Kisawasawa 4 4 Kiberege 7 7 7 Kikwawila River Gravity 10 10 Kapolo 2 2 8 Kibaono BH Electric Pump 6 6 9 Ifakara Mjini BH Electric Pump 13 0 10 Namamala BH Diesel pump 6 0 11 Mugeta River Gravity 4 4 Mchombe 4 4 12 Chita River Gravity 12 12 5 14 4 16 TOTAL Domestic Water Point r suppl4 spe 1 y 05-Har-92 Horogoro RHSP mu 3. List of PROGRAMME villages SILOUBERO DISTRICT Hr. IVillagenate Pop.f o . IP IP. of Hr. of Current step i SHells Nells DW's ID O&M setup 1 [liberege 4510 11 2 7 12 2 ][isa»asawa 2095 4 4 12 3 Jlchonde 1109 6 12 4 IHang'nla A 3378 10 4 5 ', Hang 'ohB 3787 10 12 6 IHvaya 4964 12 12 7 IHgudeoi 1252 7 12 8 llatnrukila 1851 3 6 12 9 IZignali 1909 12 2 12 10 ilatindiuka 1620 7 13 11 !«basa 2720 11 3 13 12 ! lining 'ina 2077 6 12 3 jMicheog1 a 3678 8 12 4 IMahntang1 a 1859 3 5 12 15 ILofieio 3733 15 12 12 6 tlikvavil1 a 2667 3 2 12 12 7 IHaiaval1 a 1825 6 12 18 Hkaiba 4085 11 9 9 IKidat1 u 3980 10 9 0 IHsolv2 a Station 5878 1 13 9 21 IMsolwa Ujaeaa 1625 8 12 1 1 \ l 60602 84 12 136 1 4 AMMT7 IJTI 1 t 1 TI ! TOT At DIVISION V A LJlu A8E K/DAia 4- Sqnjd iPOP \Ji 'wur " ATni AWI T *OK! 1 OOO MANQ ' ULA 2. Son jo A-JJU O M\— , 1 — nn i A U. I UN. U A O. *-** A *^ A Ml-—-.. O 1 t 1 - *. luxSSw i. A A 0 IFAKARA 5 Id^t" 5 5006 S. Kibaoni . f/ j . Qt t OC 1 O . / A foj\3i~a OA '_' U ______ Ml— ; _.,._, MGETA 8 • i ii_' i i ly \> •/*.Q T. / / *tu 3. Mgeta 2753 A1 Ofi i iMl__ u voi -iy ——o w. ._a A1 _*-' 4727 1 1 . Merera O/. CO 1 " C hLi a C 1. C 0 1 o M_ r-. . to. i i'-i i '-> °45° i rv i c ML I MBA Mt - . >_'iii3ono A '-* i. 0 i 1*j. Cix o i.L' ^_i ly1 _o_ J .— av_ \1 _l. e j-v^n A m. ; 1C Mi : ._ i — T/.OO u. 1 1 1 t i. UJUO 17. Kamwene /. q o n 1 0 M_____ it I+jT 1i. -/^. IS. Utenqule or1 A•. -» ^' ^ 20. Ngalisira t :"t C Q 21 . Taveta ,'iC 0 0 . Masagat22 ( i Tanganyika / o a c o 23. Uchindile COT 24. Mliuiba ^ /. o o TOTAL ..jai*. > 5 - vLOMSSRO FPOF05E? BUDGET - JY PRE - FORMULATION (in Tsh. x 1000) ''ILOMBERO !Ye=5 2- r 'OTAL : '0-4332 [District Advisor !, AlloNances 32 d 215 : !. Transport 1000 ; 1,400 I. Stationery 400 : 2,315 ! !Local Personnel !1. DNSC (3 HODi «5 j=y= 413 ,2. District tea*s •!•: days 864 i3. Fieldteaa: - Tsh.21i.000 3,240 |4. Drivers (3) 200 da«s 109 •5. Surveyors 2 1,440 5,112 .?. Drawing test 11,542 11,542 ! 57/10 : 'Dril - survel y 5,75; 2v 2.1?" :Disinfect - ?Vv , BOO 9,66) 800 | ; Investment - transport 13. Motorcycles T:hs.520.• 1; ? - 2,640 *. Bicycle "=h• 4 . 11 s?2.';<)'). - : transport ?r;gra 5\\ 000 2,50" 15.'.''« 12.50? 12.5)0 • later i'ls - Ma'i ;i) 3» - .111 FlES ' 33,000 ?e.OOO ! .^proved 1,30 : 0 1,30' 0 Cs*ent ? chicxen Tsh. % 1000) CLCMBERO :Ye=r ] ' .'tea TOTA5 2- r L .Drainage (cewent) ; 2iO : 260 : 1,30') ! ; .T=h.7,000. : r slape -- b;h . 2,60 , ' 0 ! i : * i : ! ? 0 1 !Training ; : ! , , , '.a! Staff training ! ! ; ' •: • : I - : I a.l :CoM*unity Developaent ! ! ! : 'Yearly - 2 week refreshs^ ! : 0 ;50 ! 2,00 ? 50 : 0 . ' ; : ! : • : . : \ Twc- month course yea ; r ; 4,030 ; ; 4,000 - (10) : ! Ore cicnth cours 1 yea- e r per :;;tri:t : ; tc- -Jt argani:?j by tne rg^on ' 2.000 . r. 50.000 c-p t !istr t-sinirc '. *00 • 400 ! ; ''.'HW training :Training cost: per VHW - 140,000 : ; : //ear 1 = 25 1 3,500 ! : '.Year 2 = 25 ! 3.590 -fr 3 = 25*3 ! : ' 10., 500 .1::^:: = level Taini^g . : c?--e3her coa-se; Mcnitonr. ; • 2.00? 0< ; 2,000 iO.'X'O ng : : w prcgra*:e viiiace tour TO 5iiccE?5f:jl! vi::?•;= ' Materials 4,000 ' 3.000 : it.000 • : 10 'Stationer ' * Officy : e Eqvipaent . =t;tionsries Maji, Afv M»ndele* a ' ?1.00 0 ' 1.00' ): 5,200 . Office equipaent fieldstaff 0 20 1 MOROGORO RURAL DISTRICT MOROGORO . 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION Morogoro Rural District covers an area of 19,250 km2. It is situated in the north-eas e Morogorth f o t o Regio Tanzanian ni subdivides i t I . d int0 o1 divisions, 43 wards and 215 villages. Only a small part of the area is still covered by forest. Population 1988 (census) 431,975 Population 1992 (projection) 478,000 Population 1997 (projection) 544,000 Population 2002 (projection) 619,000 % 6 2. Growth Rate 78-88 Population as % of Morogoro Region 35% Population Density 22 per km2 1991-censue Th s counted 165,036 cattle, 91,727 goats, 34,570 sheep, 11,650 pigaround san d 500,000 poultry. Physiographically, the District is dominated by a central mountain range, the Uluguru Mountains surrounded by foothills and plains, and the Nguru mountains in the north. The wide flat valley of the Mkata/Wami River forms the western boundary of the District while the Great Ruaha River forms part of the southern border. The plains and hills of the Mgeta, Ruvu and Ngerengere Rivers form the eastern boundary of the District. The highest peaks of the Uluguru Mountains reach about 2600 m while the plains in the metre0 20 s sa abovw lo s ea eas MSLe ar t . The mountains and foothills consist of metamorphic Pre-Cambriam Basement rocks: acid gneisses and other granitoid rocks, and crystalline limestones. The highland deforestede sar soile thie fertilitd Th .sar n an generalls yi y low. deposite downfaulteTh e th n si d Mkata/Wami ValleUppef o e yar r Tertiary and Quaternary age. They are up to 400 m thick, deposited in fluvial, alluvial swamd fanan p environment. Elsewhere plaine ,th dominate e sar Tertiary db y and Quaternary erosional products of the Uluguru and Nguru Mountains but Basement outcrops and predominantly Mesozoic deposits are also found. Narrow strip f shalloso w Quaternary deposit foune sar d along most rivers and streams. e shorTh t rains begi Novemben ni lasd tan r until December, Januard yan continud Februar an lone Mayf y o Th gdr d . e raine untien y ar e s th lbegi n i March. The main food crops are rice, maize, cassava and all types of beans. The cash crops are sisal, cotton and oil seeds: sunflower, soya beans, groundnuts and simsim. healte Th h infrastructur summarizee b n eca followss da : health5 centres dispensarie8 5 s village health post0 1 s The drought of 1991 has contributed to an increased malnutrition and to water resources being unreliable. Choler reportes ai d eve programmn ni e villages. Malaria and diarrhoea are still the diseases with the highest incidence. No allocation for the RWSP is made by District Council, indicating low priority for water at the highest policy and decision making Districte leveth n developmenle i .Th Morogorn i e fe t eacr fo TShs o hi 0 s80 adult male. This amoun doubles ha t d since last year reasoe Th . n being that women are exempted. 2. EXISTING WATER SUPPLIES The water supply situation according to the District Water Engineer (DWE) and the DHV database in Morogoro is summarized in the following Table: Total Defect Operational Shallow wells (tube) 371 98 273 Shallow wells (ring) 1 0 1 Piped water schemes (boreholes) 13 >11 <2 Piped water (river, gravity)* 4 <2 29 5 > Piped water (ring wells) 4 >8 <6 *manconditiod ba n yi n The data specifying for each village the type of water supply, the total population, the served population, the type, number and condition of the shallo wwatee wellsth d r quantitan , foune b n Annen di yca xvillagee 1Th . s served by piped water schemes are listed in Annex 2a while the piped water supplies schemes themselves are listed in Annex 2b. It is difficult to estimate the number of systems that are out of order because breakdowns of the institutional water supplies are rarely reported. More is known about the numbers of Domestic Water Points that are out of order. The estimate of the population served by domestic water points was done on the basis that each point serves 300 souls. In this way it was calculate e populatioth f o d % s actualli ntha 6 2 t y serve d thae an dth t infrastructur populatione th placn f i o s servei o et % 4 e.4 All Water Points Operational Water Points No. Pop. Served No. Pop. Served Shallow wells 371 113,300 23% 273 82,000 17% Public Taps 318 95,400 20% 135 40,500 8% TOTAL 689 206,700 43% 408 122,500 25% pipee Th d water supply scheme listee sgravitl ar Annen al di n I y. x 2 systems , river water enter pipee sth s without proper treatment. Almost all shallow wells are situated in the plains. Most are scattered in irregular clusters along the footslopes of the Uluguru Mountains, east of Morogoro Town and along the road along the footslopes of the Nguru Mountains. Smaller groups are found elsewhere in the plains. e pipeTh d water supply scheme e founar s d alon e aforth g e mentioned footslopes. bacteriologicae Th l qualit pipef yo d water equals tha surfacf o t e water which is usually unsatisfactory. The head-waters are usually deforested and partly used for agriculture. As a result, the rivers are contaminated and carry lots of silt, notably durin rainse gth . Generally, water enter pipee sth s untreated, except for a number of supplies with silt traps. But these are often by-passes. Groundwate f gooo r d chemical qualit Ulugure founs yi th n i dNgurd uan u Mountains (springs), and in the plains north of the Wami River. Elsewhere in the plains of the District, groundwater is mostly saline to such an extend that it affects it taste (> 1000 ppm C1-). Acidity (CO2) is often the main problem together with high irod manganesan n e concentrations. However, these problems do not pose health hazards. Groundwater of good chemical quality seems to be locally present near streams. Quite often, traditional water sources yield water of a better taste than neighbouring Programme wells. This seems to be the main reasons why people sometimes prefer their unprotected traditional water supplies. The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic: three th tw f eoo villages visited suffered from cholera Langaln I . i thera s ei piped water supply (untreated) while ther shalloe ear w well Doman si n I . thes villageso etw numbee th , f cholero r a cases durin lase month2 gth 1 t s amounte arouno dt populatione d th 1% f o . There are some major discrepancies between the areal distribution of the population and the distribution of the shallow wells and piped water supplies. Only iittie water development was carried out in the densely populated areas of the Uluguru (80,000 souls) and Nguru Mountains. Springs have not been protected. One of the villages visited where cholera was endemic (Langali) lies in the mountains. This observation contradict e statementh s t froe 198th m 0 DHV Water Supply Conditions Report which states on page 23 that water problems do t villagee occuth no n i r s locate wele th l n dwaterei d mountainous partf so survee th y area, i.eUlugure th . u Mountains Nyure th Rubehd d uan an , o Mountains. In these areas, the high average annual precipitation sustains a number of springs and large and small perennial water courses which contain wate f gooo r d quality t seriouslno , y pollute humay db n beings during both seasony dr d .an t we e th This assessment of the water situation in the mountains is rather optimistic. Since the end of the seventies, the bacteriological water quality has certainly deteriorated due to the increasing population pressure. The actual reason for unbalancee th d developmen f wateo t r supplie decides thas wa t si wa to dt concentrate on shallow wells which could not be dug in the mountains. Therefore, it is imperative to pay much more attention to these densely populated, neglected areas where safe piped supplies from springs seems feasible. Notably to the Uluguru Mountains east of Morogoro. This area has a good development potential: already most of the fruits for Dar Es Salaam are grown here but a much higher production seems to be possible. More attention shoul developmene paie th d b o dt watef o t r supplies from springs and other technology options (see Chapte. r8) . 3 SANITATION Water shortage is a common problem in the district Reliable data on the sanitation conditions are lacking. The cholera control campaign enforces better sanitation conditions. Due to contamination of water at the intakes, even water from improved facilitie safet no .s si Boilin g wate neededs ri e .Th main advantag e RWSth f eo s thereforPi e timth e e save womey db n i n fetching water. r hygienFo d sanitatioan e n improvemen t villaga t e leve e followinth l g programme implementede sar . - Primary Health Care (PHC) by GOT - Child Survival Development (CSD) by UNICEF - Facts for Life - WHO UNICEF/UNESCO/GOT - RWSP The Extended Programme for Immunization has also a health education component. Despite the number of programmes dealing with hygiene and sanitation, improvement t villaga s e leve e slowar l . Reason e thaar s t educational activitie gearee sar divisiono dt , war villagd dan e leaders t villag.A e levee th l inspectin housef go latrined san mose s th seem te commob o st n approaco ht reach out to the target group. This of course does not allow for a satisfactory participation. The HA's mentioned the lack of communication and community mobilisation skill factoa s sa r hampering their performance. principln i s i C e PH responsibl e Th trainine th r eVHfo f go midwivesd Wan . Information and educational materials on health and sanitation issues are limited. Poster e availablar s e from UMATI. Fact r Liffo se have recently produced materials to be used by the HA. It seems that the Ministry of Health together with UNICE preparins Fi gHandbooa Villagn ko e Level Sanitatio Hygiened nan . programmS CD e Th operatins ei B/Chine th n gi i divisio programm2 d nan e villages are included. The other two divisions in which CDS is operating will be included in the next phase of the programme. Of the 28 programme village, 26 have VHW. Only two have been trained, they are within the CSD villages. The Ministry of Health has trained at least VHWs0 7 . Mos f theo t m lost interes thes a t y village wer t th pai ey no db e government. ProgrammM O& e eth villagef o t ou s sometimeW VH y pa s fund. Little attentio gives ni gendeo nt r issuedate nongendee d th aar san f eo r speciflc e nexth t n I phas. a framewore o incorporatt k ee b gende o t s i r developed. Presently all the HA in the district are men. Although ther stils ei l ample wor education ki awarenesd an n s raisino gt improve hygiene and sanitation conditions at village level, the HA's suggested that RWSP shoul beyono dg d education onlpromotd yan e eth constructio improvef no villaga o latrinest s dpi eo d base o .T d revolving fund for each scheme should be established. Training requirement: For HA's community mobilisation and communication skills villagt A e level togetheA H . r with VHW' provido st e regular trainino gt womed an grouphealtn n no sanitatiod me f han so n issues. Trainin r VHW'gfo s- standar d course Ministr f Healthyo presenn I . t programme villages 52 VHW's have to be trained. For the next phase the number depends e.g. on the coverage by CSD programme. WATER DEMAND rougA h estimat e currenth f eo t water deman e followins givedi th n ni g Table: Domestic wate I/head/day0 (3 r deman)d 14,000 m3/day Cattle Watering (165,000 heads 1/head/da0 3 , y 5,000 mVday a c 2,000 m3/dayOther animals TOTAL demand from humans and animals ca 21,000 mYday Thi onls si yvera y small fractio available th f no emagnitude waterth t No . e of the demand but the dispersed areal distribution of the demand is the problem. 5. LEVEL OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATION AT VILLAGE LEVEL Community Development activitie fule th l responsibilite sar Districe th f yo t Council. However, wit limitee hth d budge departmendistrice D C th f e to tth t does hardly receive fund r developmenfo s t activities e departmenTh . t therefore relies on input from donors. Activities implemented focus on income generating activitie womer sfo n (ILO, UNICE CDTFd n Fo an d )an health and sanitation improvements (UNICEF & CSD). presene Inth t phas programme eth e focu bees awarenessha n n o s raisint ga e variouth s administrativ decisiod an e n making e districtlevelth n t i s A . village level village th , e governmen VWSe th d Can t wer maie eth n target groups consolidato T . impace programme eth th f o t villagt ea e level training shoul gearee db d towards includin targee gth Communitto s groups o d o T . y Development staff nee dapproache w skillne n si communito st y participation. e presenTh t method f transferrino s g idea stils i s l base educatinn do e gth villagers through their representatives e.g e villagth .y b e t councino d an l establishin gdialoguea . Especiall thin yi s tim f changeeo s with multiparty system being introduced, trainin supporo gt procese th t democratizatiof so n is needed. By training the CD staff in the above mentioned a contribution can be made towards popular participation which will benefit the programme as the beneficiaries will become more actively involved in the development. VWSC. Althoug l programmhal e villages hav VWSCea . These committees do not always function well. VWSC tend to operate in isolation without the necessary links to the village government or the village people. The average balance in the O&M fund per division: 1. Mvomero TShs 92,576 2, Turiani TShs 13,808 . Mlal3 i TShs 7,647 4. Doma (sub) TShs 5,480 5. Bwakira/Chini TShs 12,172 e villagTh f Kambaleo Tshs ha a. 419,200/ accouns it e use b n s =o da o t t contributio rehabilitatioe th o nt watersupplye th f no . systee Th f collectiomo amoune th d nan t contributed differ generan I . e th l contributio villagn ni e with piped wate staf D highers i rC f e calculateTh . s wit VWSe hth financiae Cth l targets informatioo N . receives ni d froe mth District on sustainability. The programme villages are in various steps. It is expected that 16 villages wil e handeb l d over before July 1992. Thu wil2 1 sw l continune e th n ei phase. The Districts intends to extend the programme with 93 villages. This realistia t isno c target considerin time gth t looei completo kt firse 6 eth 1 t villages. Training requirements: strengtheo T n community participation more emphasi e placeb o t ds si trainine th cel0 1 n l o f leadersgo , care taker womend san groups. Financial management base sustainabilitn do watef yo villagt ra e lever lfo staffD C . 10 6. WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT In Morogoro Rural the participation of women at the various level of implementatio followss a s ni . Total Male Female DWSC 6 5 1(PA) District team 3 3 0 Field teams (5) 15 13 2 VWSC (28) 140 86 54 VHW 26 23 3 VM 28 28 0 TOTAL 218 158 60 A very small number of the care takers are women (10 out of 300). Around 25% of the people directly involved are women. Most of them are members of the VWSC. It is not known to what extent they support the women's interest in the village government. To allow for better communication with women at village level, the field teams should have at least one female member Healts .A Wated han r don't have female staf t division/wara f d level, departmene th Communitf o t y Development will hav tako et e responsibility for obviouthiss i t I . s thae Departmenth t f Healto t h should recruit female staff (see Annex 5) The CDA in charge of women in development issues deals currently with 18 women groups. Five of those groups are supported by the UNICEF project strengtheninn o Women'f go s Economic Activities. Agriculture, maize milling and beer brewing are the most common economic activities. The main problems are lack of management, limited technical skills and insufficient communication with the extension staff. e RWSTh P lack a cleas r objectiv d consequentlan e a ystrateg r fo y incorporating gender issues e fiel.Th d staff deal practican so l basis wite hth issues. They involve wome sitinn i wellse gth thee us ,volunteems a r labour e constructioith n n phas d encouragan e e the o becommt e caretakers. Contributions to the O&M fund are mostly made by women. However, little is don mobiliso et e wome increaso nt e their involvemen decisioe th n i t n making process relatin o Watet g Sanitation& r e nexth t n I phas. e th e programme o shoulcreatt y tr ed better opportunitie r womefo s o t n participate on their own terms in the programme. Therefore more time shoul e spendb mobilisinn i t heao t gn r wometheime d r nan views s i t I . important thawomee VWSe th t th n activele ni C ar y supporte rese th t y db womee ovillage th f th n thano i e s t thert no the e yjusar complo t t y with rule f havinth eo least womega o VWSCe tw tth guide-lina n i s e .A th r efo field staff a framework for integrating gender issues in the RWSP is to be developed. 11 7. AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES 7.1 GENERAL In general, there is no shortage of water. The available resources exceed the demand from human animald an s fary sb . This e ordedemanth f n i o r s di magnitude of only 0.04 % of the rainfall. So, the main problem is not lack o funderdevelopmene wateth t rbu resourcee bacteriologicath e f th o t d san l contamination of the existing supplies. 7.2 RAINFALL Mean rainfall varies between 600 and 1000 mm/year in the plains. It reaches 1800 mm/year in the Nguru Mountains and exceeds 2500 mm in the Uluguru Mountains, east of Morogoro. Rainfall can be collected for domestic use by means of roof catchments, especially from buildings with large roofs like those of the government. 7.3 SURFACE WATER Most major streams originating from the Uluguru and Nguru Mountains are perennial. Other streams are ephemeral. Little forest, if any, remains in the source areas. Eve steen no p slopes maize cultivatio practiseds ni resulta s .A , the streams carry lots of silt and sand and are contaminated by the people who have settle thesn di e areas. e pipeTh d water supplies have intakes alon perenniae gth l rivers. Water enters these systems without proper treatment (except sometimes for silt traps whic oftee har n by-passes). Durin rainse gth , these system t oftesge n blocked by sand and gravel. 7.4 GROUNDWATER (INCLUDING SPRINGS) The total amount of groundwater in Morogoro District is more than sufficien domestie th r fo t c demandistributioe th t qualite dth bu e d yar nan often problematic. Groundwater is in very short supply in Gairo and the Ngerengere Divisions In the mountains, there must be many springs but only few, if any, are being usedireca s da t sourc domestir efo c use. 7.5 WATER QUALITY largn I ee District partth f e qualito s th , f untreateyo d surface wated an r groundwate unsatisfactorys i r domestir fo c purposes. 12 As to surface water, the head-waters are usually deforested and often converted into arable lands. As a result, the rivers are contaminated and carry lots of silt, notably during and after rains when river intakes get often blocked. Groundwater of good chemical quality is found in the Uluguru and Nguru Mountains plain e (springs)th n si Wame nortd th an ,f ho i River. Elsewhere in the plains, groundwater is mostly saline to such an extend that it affects its taste (>1000 ppm C1-) or that it should not be consumed (> 2,000 ppm C1-). Nevertheless, groundwate goof ro d chemical qualit often yfounca e nb d near streams in these plains. So, in large parts of the District, groundwater from shallow wells does not taste good. This is one of the main reasons why many people still prefer their open, traditional wells despite the risk of contamination. These wells draw groundwater from the upper part of the aquifer where salinity is usually relatively low. The supply of safe water is very urgent as cholera and typhoid are endemic: two of the three villages visited had suffered from cholera. In these two villages, the number of cases recorded in the past 12 month amounted to aroun. d1% It is apparent that the situation has deteriorated in the last 12 years: the 1980 DHV Water Supply Conditions Report states (page 23) that water problems do not occur in the villages located in the well watered mountainous parts of the survey area, i.e. the Uluguru Mountains, and the Nyuru and Rubeho Mountains. In these areas, the high average annual precipitation sustain a numbes f springo r largd smald an s an e l perennial water courses which contain wate goof ro d quality t seriouslno , y pollutey db human beings during both the wet and dry season.' 13 8. IMPLEMENTATION CAPACITY AT DISTRICT LEVEL In the next phase the programme is will be extended with two divisions. The district has the necessary staff for field teams at divisional level. 8.1 PLANNING The DA is a planning officer and although her task is in principle only to coordinat e Programmeth e e alssh o, involves hersel o mucto fn i h implementation. She is isolated from the Planning Office in the sense that she shares her office with the district team. The advantage is that bureaucratic structure certaia o t n n sca exten by-passede b t . Howevere th , disadvantag e isolatioth s i e whicn i n e RWSth h s beinPi g implemented. Objective programme planning is a problem. To increase involvement of district and field teams a short workshop on programme planning is suggested. 8.2 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT e focu r communitTh fo s y mobilisatio e geareb o t d e s th morha n n o e involvemen cel0 1 l f leadero t villagerd san s themselves muco To . h attention was provided in the last year to mobilise village council, village secretary and e VWSth C without involvin villagerse gth supporo T . t this procesn a f so increased participation of the- target groups, the CD staff is to be trained in new approache communito st y mobilisation. 8.3 GENDER ISSUES/WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT e distric Th field an td team appreciato d s e importancth e f wateeo d an r sanitation for women. However, little thought has been given on ways to use watee sanitatioth d an r n issue improvo st positioe eth womef no t villagna e leve termn i l f participatioso decisioe th n ni n making processnexe th tr Fo . phase clear objective gendee th o t sr issue s e developehavb o t a e d dan framewor implementatior kfo establishee b o t s ni d coverin involvemene gth t of Maji, AfyMaendeleod an a . 8.4 SANITATION AND HYGIENE HA'se DHOe th th d r , Ian theiFo r skill communication si communitd nan y mobilisation shoul improvede db . Refresher cours updato et e knowledgs ei needed. r dailFo y educatio t villagna e leve positioe VHth e l th Wf importants no i . After handing over e VWth , H together wite VWSth h C continues monitoring the impact of RWSP. Training of the VHW is recommended. Follo traininp wu monitorinn gi g shoul providede db . 14 8.5 SURVE CONSTRUCTIOD YAN N ACnVTriES e Districmanpowee th Th s ha tequipmend an r borrowee b o (t t d froe mth Region) for the survey and construction of 25 shallow wells per year and the rehabilitatio f anotheno f enoug I . 25 r h equipmeno availables tw i t o t e on , piped supplies can be annually constructed and the same number rehabilitated. Section Qualified Trained Equipments f o . No Untrained Staff Available Operational Staff Teams 3 Survey Not available but 1 Piped Supplies borrowed from the Region Construction 3 Some availabl otherd ean s Piped Supplies borrowed from the Region 2 Survey Availabld ol t ebu Shallow Wells Constructio1 n Available but old Shallow Wells 8.6 MONITORING/REPORTING e systeTh f monitorino m d reportinan g s i onlg y worthwhile when implementors field districd an , informatioe t th leve e us l solvo nt e problems and improv Programmee eth . Thi presentls si y lacking. Follow-up trainins gi needed, focusin datn go a analysin repord gan t writing importans i t I . t that the district team and fieldteams meet regularly to discuss the problems which were mentioned by the villagers and take the necessary actions where these hav t beeeno n addressed when collectin formse gth . Presentl villagee yth o sd mention problem t littlsbu e actio takevarious e ni th t na s leve solvo lt e these. 8.7 TRANSPORT If driven properl existine yth g vehicl lasanother n efo tca yearsr5 . Pressures other fo r r ca purpose e th Districe ie nth sus thao t t n face RWSth t d Pan that maintenance and repair is a problem at district level, will cause the ordef o t rvehiclou aftee b coupl a ro et yearsf e o lace transporf k.Th o t will hamper the development of the programme as transport is regularly borrowe districe th y db t administration suggestes i t I . provido dt districe eth t with fund hiro t s e transport fro Programmee mth . At divisional level. With the expansion of the programme distances to cover become larger, 21 motorcycles and replacements thus a total of 25 are needed. Various models should be compared and the one most suitable for women shoul chosene db provido T . motorcyclee eth loan so nt basino s si effective as staff when being transferred take the transport with them and cease to repay the loan. Another system is to be developed. 15 At village level, the VHW and VM are to be provided with bicycles to improve mobility in the village. 8 8. FACILITIE EQUIPMEND SAN T Field staff requested containers to be placed at divisional level to be used as offices. 8.9 FINANCIAL CAPACITY The financial capacity of the District Council is limited. In the last year the total budget came to Tsh. 93,774,661.- of which Tsh.31 million was to be paid for salarie TShsd san millio 2 6 . recurrenr nfo fundo N t s were allocatey db the District Council to development projects in the water sector. This demonstrates clearly the low priority given to the water sector. Sustainabilit cosd yan t issun recovera f consideratiot eo no s yi n yete .Th missioimpressioe th s nha n that this t evematteno ns beerha n dealt witd han that financial calculation for both the district and the village level has not be done. At village level the sustainability is promoted by establishing a water fun coveo dt basir rfo stafcD VHWd repairC f an e salaried Th M .san V f so s littlha e understandin financian go l implicatio f sustainabilitno cosd yan t recovery example Th . Kambalf eo a demonstrated that village preparee sar d to contribute in investment costs as long as services are provided. At district levee issue.oth l f sustainabilit costd yan s recover t beinno s gyi dealt with. The financial constraints of the District Council does not allow for sustainability as revenues from water fees are being transferee to other priorities. Thus in Morogoro Rural other alternatives are to be developed to guarantee sustainabilit d cosan yt recover a e lesfutur th d s an n i ey dependency on donor inputs. 16 . 9 WATER DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 9.1 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND DUG LARGE DIAMETER (RING WELLS) rinTher5 2 g e Morogore wellear th n si o District. The suitable e yar th r efo lowlands with alluvia colluviar lo l cover majoe .Th r disadvantag thif eo s kind of well is that they are dug by people, and that therefore digging has to stop just below the water table. If the water table drops the wells have to be deepened. Another disadvantage is that these wells can easily be contaminated. 9.2 SHALLOW WELLS - HAND AUGURED By far most wells constructed in Morogoro District are of this type. They are suitable lowlandth r fo e s with alluvia r colluviao l l cover wher watee th e r deepo to t .tabl Theino s ei r total number amount approximatelo t s y 400. These wells are safe. 3 9. MACHINE DRILLED DEEP WELLS Many boreholes were drilled in the past but most were not successful due to salinity problems or low yields. Currently, six boreholes used as sources for piped water supply. One has an electrical pump while five are powered by diesel pumps. 4 9. SURFACE WATE RRIVERS- , LAKES Most piped water schemes draw their water directly from intakes along permanent streams. In most cases, and possibly all, it enters the pipes untreated except for sand traps (which are often by-passes). Intakes get often blocked durin raine gth y seasons. 9.5, SPRINGS - GRAVITY, VALLEY BOTTOM Springs are underdeveloped. There seems to be ample scope to develop them in the Uluguru and Nguru Mountains. However, a systematic survey was never done. e higseasoy Th hdr n e river flowth f so s draining those areas indicate eth presenc f mano e y perennial e incidencspringsth t Bu f .water-born o e e deceases (typhoid, cholera, diarrhoea is high. This points to pollution of the water sources and a urgent need to protect the springs. 17 9.6 ROOF CATCHMENTS biggese Th t building Districe th n thosse i ar t egovernmente builth y b t d an , e oneth these whicyar h seeme mosb o tt s suitabl o functiot e s rooa n f catchments largA . watee th par f ro t demand from these buildine b n gca met in this way. 9.7 ROCK CATCHMENTS e scop r Th thiefo s kin f watedo r sourc vers ei y limited. Accordine th o gt District Water Engineer, ther suitabla s ei e roc t Maseyka u (presumabln ya Inselberg) 9.8 SAN SUB-SURFACD& E DAMS These kind of dams are new for the District. These options are suitable for sandy river semi-arin si d areas. There migh numeroue b t s feasible siter sfo these kind of structures, notably where none of the foregoing water supply option feasibles si . An important advantage of these structures is that water is kept underground and that these sites cannot become breeding place malarir sfo a mosquitos. 9.9 EARTH DAMS, CHARCOS AND PANS buils wa Kidugalosmaln di A m lda . Such structure usefue b cattlr n fo lsca e watering but not for domestic supply as they can easily become contaminated and infested with malaria. 9.10 KAFIRS (VALLEY TANKS) These are usually rather large, rectangular excavations often made along,; roads. Man e Sudane foun b th f the yo n n i dmca . The e suitablyar e for/ animals but not for domestic use as they are usually contaminated ^ J infeste malariy db a mosquitos. 18 10 INPUTS BY OTHER AGENCIES allocates ha T r 1991/9 watero dt Fo GO e 2.th - Rural Water Supply. For Kambala TShs 3,300,000 Purchase of new pump TShs 1,300,000 (the RWSP recently received TShs 1,070,000) Mkuyun shallo3 - i w well Mtombozd san i rehabilitation of watersupply TShs 2,000,000. 19 11. WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PLANNING future Th e directio Rurae th f nlo Water Supply programmee sees th a , y nb people involved is mainly an expansion of the number of shallow wells and piped water supplies. The District proposes to put all the remaining villages in to the Programme but the implementation capacity of the Districts will not be sufficient to cope with such a large number. 20 ANNEXES Anne x1 Rural Water Supply Points Anne A Pipex2 d Water Supplied Villages Annex 2B Piped Water Supplies Schemes Anne x3 Programme Villages Annex 4 Proposed Programme Villages Annex 6 Present Programme Villages Representation of Women in VWS Villagd Can e Council 21 Annex 1 Rural Water Supply Points Annex 2A Piped Water Supplied Villages Annex 2B Piped Water Supplies Schemes Annex 3 Programme Villages Annex 4 Proposed Programme Villages Anne 5 x Estimate Budget 1992 199- 7 Annex 6 Present Programme Villages Representation of Women in VWSC and Village Council 05-Mar-92 Martin HOBS Horogoro RHSP ANNEX 1 Villages in MOROGORO REGION and water supply systeis. - MAJI / MRHSP Not v<>rking 1 Villagena«e Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Vater IDist rose Syst Pop. Pop. wells veils veils veils (tty ! Present 1 Aiini 1412 !HO 2 Baga 1346 ;MO 3 Bagilo 1694 !«0 4 Balani 997 !MO 5 Bigva G 977 977 2 good !HO Bigv6 a R.T.C. G 929 929 ,'BO Bonj7 e 3333 1800 1 I Good !HO » 8 BUM 1462 1 1 Sat |MO Bunduk9 i 1579 !MO 10 Bnogn 1419 IMO 11 Bvakira Chini G 1839 1412 !MO * 12 Bvakira Juu 1795 600 3 1 Good IMO 13 Bvila Chini 1982 ;HO 14 Bvila Juu 820 IMO 15 Changa 3833 300 5 4 Good !HO 16 Changarave G 1853 2001 !MO * 17 Chanynibu 2065 IMO 18 Chuo likuu SOA G 2387 2387 2 O GooIM d 19 Dakava 2298 3 0 Good IMO 20 Dibaiba 791 900 0 Good |MO » Diburua1 2 a 915 IMO « Difing2 2 a 1009 1 Good IMO Digalas3 2 a 908 IMO 24 Digoia 2713 5 Sat |HO 25 Diguzi 927 927 5 Good |MO 26 Dibinda 2239 |MO 27 Dihoibo 1614 900 4 4 Good |MO 28 Doia 3207 3207 15 1 Sat IMO » Diail9 2 o 987 |MO 30 Fateii Estate 755 IMO 31 Fulve DP 4167 2400 IHO 32 Goiero 4011 2700 9 Good |MO t Goz3 3 o 2169 IMO Gvat4 3 a Djeibe 1290 IMO 35 Beibeti G 2769 2991 3 3 good |MO 36 He»e 1048 IMO 37 Hoiboza 2414 IMO Hoz8 3 a 1680 IMO 39 Junior Sesinary G 637 637 IMO 40 (alnndva 1959 IMO 41 [aibala EP 887 958 IMO » 42 (anga 2242 300 4 3 Good IMO 43 laaanga 1605 IMO laozen4 4 i G 1064 1171 IMO 45 libaogile 1257 IMO 46 libaoni 1211 |MO 47 libati/Salave DP 2975 606 IMO 48 (ibigiri 2185 IMO libongu9 4 a 1809 I MO 0 libuk5 o 1162 600 4 2 IHO 05-Har-92 Martin HOBB Morogoro RMSP ANNEX 1 Villages in HOROGORO REGIO wated an N r supply systeis HAJ.- HEHS/ I F i 1 Hot vorking 1 Villagenaie Pipe Total Served Ring lube Ring Tube Water IDist vwsc 3yst Pop. Pop. veils veils veils wells Qty ! Present 51 libnko 1472 IHO libnng2 5 o 2410 IHO libung3 5 o 1042 IHO libvay4 5 a 2004 300 1 Good |HO 55 libwege 1165 IHO 56 licbangMi G 5542 5542 1 IHO 57 lidudwe 2144 2144 9 Good |HO t lidugall8 5 o DP 2490 2424 IHO 59 lidnnda 1539 300 2 1 Good |HO 60 tifindike 1510 IHO 61 lifum 753 IHO 62 liganila 971 900 3 Good IHO 63 ligugu 2314 300 4 3 t Sa O IH 64 lihonda 1879 !HO 65 likeo 1662 i HO likund6 6 i DP 2666 1439 IHO 6? tiliianjaro G 2640 2640 IMO * lind6 6 a 1909 !HO 9 ling6 o Iwira G 2808 2808 IHO 0 lingolwir7 a Prison DP 1857 978 |MO 71 lingolwira Sug.Est. DP 1633 816 IHO 72 liroka 5157 600 4 2 Sat |HO 73 lisaki Eitaoni 2114 300 1 t Sa |MO 74 lisah 1155 300 5 4 Good inG lisang5 7 a Stand 1694 300 2 1 Good IHO Eisiiagnl6 7 n 1075 IHO 77 liwira G 1420 1540 IMO 76 litonga 1204 IHO 79 Kitnnga 1519 IHO litongv0 8 B 4 aA G 3837 4144 !MO 1 litangv8 a 1339 IHO 82 livege 926 JOO 4 3 Sat IHO 83 Ilzagila 637 IHO 84 lizinga/legezaiwend G 1725 1647 IHO liziw5 8 a 3544 300 4 3 Sat IHO 86 Eododo 2758 IHO Eoler7 8 o 1709 IHO Eolon8 8 i 1549 IHO 89 loitonga 1376 IHO tond0 9 e 1630 IHO 91 [ongavikenge G 1992 1885 3 Good |HO * longv2 9 a 2342 900 3 Sat |HO 93 tuba 1563 IHO 94 lanke 2148 2100 7 Good |HO t 95 Iwaba 901 300 1 t Sa IHO 96 Iwaitonga 1486 300 1 Sat |HO 97 Ivelikviji 1960 IHO Langal9 9 i 2873 IHO 100 Laozi 1158 IHO 101 Logo 1113 900 3 Good |HO 05-Mar-92 Martin HOBS Horogoro RHSP ANNE1 X Villages in MOBOGOBO BEGION and water supply systees. - MAJI / MRBSP 1 1 1 Hot w(irking 1 ! Villagenaae Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Water JDist rose i Syat Pop. Pop. wells wells wells wells Qty ! Present i I i I 1102 Longwe 663 IMO !103 Luale 3080 !HO !104 Lubasazi 1305 IMO !105 Lubum 406 300 4 0 Good !HO 1106 Lubnngo 2580 1 1 Good !HO 1107 Lugeni 977 ;HO !108 Lnholole 2416 1500 5 Good ;HO 1109 Lukange 2320 !MO illO Lnkenge 792 !MO [111 Lukenge DP 1049 855 :HO 1112 Lokobe EP 1314 704 3 1 Sat !MO 1113 Lukulonge 622 300 2 1 Good I MO 1114 LohngTJDi 2045 :MO |115 Luknp 1027 !MO 1116 Lniba Chini 2823 !MO 1117 Lnba Juu 1287 !HO |118 Inlongwe 1005 300 1 Good I HO !119 Lundi 2W 1 1 !HO 1 120 Lundi 8«- Good I HO 1121 Lungo 1988 1500 5 Good 1HO » 1122 Lasanga 4119 4119 15 iMO |123 Insange 1365 ;MO 1124 lusange 1365 IMO * 1125 LuBungi 1661 IMO 1126 Haibani 1626 IMO 1127 Madizioi 2794 600 9 7 Good IMO 128Hafuta 1031 300 1 Good IMO |129Hagali 754 754 3 O GooIM d |130Magela 473 473 3 O |M Sat 1131 Hagogoni 935 300 4 3 O GooIM d 1132 Baganga 795 ,'MO 1133 Magnrowe 1579 IMO |134Maharaka 2464 1600 4 Good IMO Hahy5 13 ! o 2762 600 4 2 Good |MO |136Malani 1030 IMO 1137 Mangae 1290 1290 5 1 Sat !MO » 1 138 Banyinga 2875 2400 8 Good |MO < 1 139 Hanza 570 3 3 Good |MO IHOHasalawe 1311 ;HO 1141 Haseyn 1517 IMO 1142 Hasiiba 1117 :MO |143Haskati G 3482 3761 IHO i!44Hatale 941 IMO 1145 Matnli 1824 1500 5 Sat |MO 1 146 Mbalini 1030 IMO 1147 Hbigiri Prison DP 1198 300 1 good |HO ! 148 Hbogo 2900 2400 8 Sat |MO * 1 149 Mbvade 2696 2696 11 Good |HO * 1150 Mifolu 2059 :«o ;151 Hfuibwe 2360 1500 5 Good !HO 05-Mar-92 Martin HOBS Morogoro RBSP AHNEX 1 Villages in MOROGORO REGION and water supply systeis. - HAJI / MRBSP i o w t No rking 1 I Villagenaie Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Hater iDist me i Syst Pop. Pop. veils wells wells wells Qty ! 'resent i 1 i I |152Mgata 1543 !HO ;153 Hgndeni 1352 2 2 Good !HO |154Mhale 1724 !HO 1155 Mhonda G 2734 2734 good !HO t 1156 Mhonda Prison 1663 !HO |157Mikese DP 2040 1320 Sat !HO 1158 Mikeseajini/Einonko 5270 1 1 Sat !HO 1 159 Milengvelengve 1329 1200 6 2 O GooIM d 1160 Hindu 2279 JHO ;i61 Hilaia 1449 1449 7 t Sa IMO 1 162 Misongeni G 2202 2202 IMO 1 163 Mkata DP 317 317 ;HO 1164 Mkata (Modeco) DP 416 416 |MO 1165 Mkindo 3473 300 4 3 Good I MO |166ifkololo 285 ;HO 1167 Mkono va Mara 759 ;MO |168Mkulazi 621 1 HO 1 169 Mkundi 1459 300 1 Good 1HO 1170 Mknynni G 3349 3617 1 1 MO 1171 Hlali/Kipera/Helela G 10288 9736 17 Sat IMO * |172MlagTizi 760 IMO !173Mlawilila 784 IMO 1174 Hlilingwa 653 IMO 1175 Mlono 1606 I MO 1 176 Hngazi 1813 900 6 3 Good |MO 1177 Msolokelo 742 IMO 1178 Msonge 1190 600 4 2 Good JHO |179 Msongozi 2087 1500 1 7 2 t Sa O IH » llBOMsufini 917 300 2 1 t Sa IMO 1181 Mtaiba G 3893 4204 IMO 1182 Htibwa Sugar 4083 1500 5 Good IMO 1 183 Htoibozi G 1244 1244 IMO 1 184 Muhunga Mkoha 504 . 300 2 1 IMO 1165 Broeero G 5149 5149 3 good IMO » |186HTuha 2900 600 10 8 Good IMO |187Hwalazl 1359 IMO 1188 Mvarazi 1924 IMO !189Mziha 2701 600 3 1 Good IMO |190Hzuibe I.D.M. G 2251 2251 IMO |191 Mzoibe Secondary G 948 948 IMO !192 Safco 446 IMO 1 193 Hole 900 600 2 Good |MO 1194 §gerengere EP 3029 1794 1 t Sa IMO 1195 Hgong'olo 1958 IMO |196 igveu 492 IMO 1 197 Ignnguh 1268 IMO 1198 Rtala 1323 IMO 1 199 Njachilo 2248 |HO 1200 HyaiigadQ A 1160 |HO 1201 lyaiigadaB 956 ;HO 05-Mar-92 Hartin HOBS Horogoro EWSP ANNE1 X Villages in HOROGOBO REGION and water supply systeis MAJ- . HBHS/ I P i Not working 1 ! Villagenase Pipe Total Served Ring Tube Ring Tube Kater JDist rose i Syst Pop. Pop. wells veils veils veils Qtj ! Present i 1 i 1 [202 Hyandira 2692 ;ao 1203 Hyarotanga 3486 1500 10 5 Good ,'HO !204 lyingva 1832 !MO 1205 Pandaibili 981 ;HO 1206 Pangawe G 1221 133 !HO 1207 Peko Hisegese 3412 ;no !208 Peiba 3111 :no !209 Pinde 1014 ;HC 1210 Rndeva 3506 ,'HO 1211 Bnsanga 4210 4210 15 Good !HO 1212 Sangasaoga G 1095 1036 2 |HO t 1213 Sangasanga 123 !HO !214 Semli 1170 ;MO 1215 Seregete i 343 iHO 1216 Seregete B 771 !MO 1217 Sesenga 1289 300 1 Good ;HO 1218 Siagisa 1759 :HO ,'219 Sinyaoliie 1376 :MO !220 Taibna 3850 ;MO !221 Tandai 3393 !HO ',222 Tandai i 1652 IHO 1223 Tandari 1430 iHO 1224 Tangeni 4290 iHO !22S Tava 3474 300 1 t Sa !HO ,'226 Tchenzeia 2155 IHO ,'227 Tegetero 1409 :HO [228 Teiekelo 758 iHO 1229 Tnlo 1061 iHO 1230 Tungi DP 1412 762 iHO 1231 Tnnnngno 1875 300 3 2 Good iHO 1233 Obiri 946 iHO !234 (Jkvaia 1427 iHO [235 Oponda Chini 2090 • iHO ,'236 Osnngura 952 ,'HO 1237 ?igolegole 2797 900 6 o Good iHO !238 Tibengele 1234 iHO ',239 ?inile 876 !HO 1240 ?isaraia 1024 300 2 1 Sat !HO !241 Hail Dakava igr. DP 446 446 good iHO t [242 Vaii Im Prison DP 532 532 1 good !HO ,'243 Vail Vijana Prison DP 329 329 1 good IHO !244 Hail Dakava 8P 2888 2888 10 good !HO !245 San khindo DP 1160 1160 iHO t ; Subtotal Horogoro Rural 439386 152291 1 371 0 98 1 05-Har-92 Hartin HOBS Horogoro EHSP PIPED WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES HOROGOBO RURAL DISTRICT Village Systei Total Served Doa.Water Shallow Water WSC Pop. Pop. Points welle «ti •resent 1 Bigwa fi.T.C. G 929 929 11 2 Bigwa/Mgolole G 977 977 6 2 good Bvaiil3 a Chini G 1412 1412 11 * 4 Changame G 2001 1800 6 * 5 Chao Eikan SUA G 2387 2387 2 Good Fnlw6 e DP 4500 2400 16 Heibeti/Dihoib7 o G 2991 2991 8 5 good Junio6 r Seiinary G 637 637 Private Eubal9 a EP 958 958 8 * 10 Eanzeni G 1171 1171 11 Eibati/Salawe DP 3236 606 12 12 Eidngalo DP 4849 2424 12 13 lihndi DP 2879 1439 10 14 Eiliianjaro G 2640 2400 8 t 15 lingolvira G 2808 2808 16 lingolvira Prison DP 1857 978 Private 17 lingolwira Sug.Est. DP 1633 816 Private IB lisnira G 1540 1540 19 EitngE & wA G 4144 2400 8 20 Eizinga G 1647 1647 8 21 Langali G 2873 22 Legezawendo G 10 23 Lnhindo EP 856 856 7 t 24 Lnkenge DP 855 855 *l 25 Lakobe EP 1419 704 6 3 Sat Haskat6 2 i n 3761 3761 27 Mbifiri Prison DP 1394 300 1 good Private Hhonda/Ynrian8 2 i G 2794 2794 10 good t Bikes9 2 e DP 2040 1320 9 1 Sat Misongen0 3 i G 2202 600 2 31 Hkaibarani/Mgolole G 5 32 Hkata DP 449 449 33 Hkata (Hodeco) DP 342 342 Private 34 Hkuynni G 3617 0 1 Hot coeplete 35 Hlali/Eipera/Melela G 10288 . 10288 32 17 Sat t 36 Htaiba G 4204 4204 23 37 Htoibozi G 1344 1344 38 HvoBero/Dibaiba G 5441 5441 16 3 good * Seasonal 39 Hzoabe I.D.U. G 2251 2251 Private 40 Mzube Secondary G 948 948 Private 41 Ngerengere EP 3289 3289 10 1 Sat 42 Pangawe G 133 133 10 Private 43 Sangasanga G 1119 1119 4 2 t 44 Tungi DP 1525 762 45 Eichangani/Turiani G 5664 5664 19 1 good 46 Vikenge/Eonga G 1133 1133 10 3 47 Haii Dakava Agr. DP 446 446 1 1 good Private 48 «aii Prison DP 575 300 1 good Private 49 Haii Vijana Prison DP 355 300 1 good Private 50 tfaii/Dakava Village EP 3062 3062 1 10 good * Subtotal Horogoro Rural 109575 85385 306 55 ANNEX2b PIPED WATER SUPPLY MOROGORO RURAL DISTRICT No Operational Name Source Method DWP DWP Remarks 1 Wami Prison BH Elect Pump Inst 2 Wami Vijana Pr BH Diesel Pump Inst 3 Mbigiri Prison BH Diesel Pump Inst 4 Mgomba Prison BH Diesel Pump Inst 5 Wami Dakawa BH Diesel Pump 2 1 6 Wami Village BH Elect. Pump 1 1 7 Mvomero River Gravity 16 8 50% 8 Hembeti River Gravity 6 8 9 Mhonda River Gravity 6 350% 10 Turiani River Gravity 17 850% 1 Kibati1 Ring Well Diesel Pump 12 0 12 Mlali River Gravity 17 17 13 MzumbeI.D.M. River Gravity 0 0 Inst. 14 Konga River Gravity 3 0 15 Mzumbe Sec. River Gravity Inst 16 Vikenge River Gravity 3 0 7 Changaraw1 e River Gravity 6 0 18 Ngerengere Ring Well Elect Pump 10 0 19 Kizuka T.P.D.F. Ring Well Elect Pump 0 0 Inst. 20 Sangasanga Borehole Diesel Pump 0 0 Inst. 21 Kinonko Borehole Elect Pump 0 0 Inst. 22 Kidugalo Borehole Elect Pump 0 0 Inst 3 Pangaw2 e River Gravity 0 0 Inst 24 Mzinga River Gravity 0 0 Inst 25 Misongeni River Gravity 4 2 50% 26 Kingolwira River Gravity 10 5 50% 27 Bigwa River Gravity 8 4 50% 28 Bigwa River Gravity 0 0 Inst 29 Bigwa Sisters River Gravity 0 0 Inst. 30 Kingolwira Pr. Ring Well Diesel Pump 0 0 Inst 31 Mikese Borehole Diesel Pump 9 0 2 Fulw3 e Borehole Diesel Pump 16 0 33 Mgeta River Gravity 12 12 34 Tawa River Gravity 12 12 35 Mtamba River Gravity 23 17 36 Kiswira River Gravity 15 10 37 Mtombozi River Gravity 6 0 8 BwakiraChin3 i Ring Well Diesel Pump 11 0 9 Duthum3 i Ring Well Diesel Pump 5 0 0 Kambal4 a Borehole Elect Pump 8 0 1 Uben4 a Prison Borehole Elect Pump 0 0 Inst 42 Langali River Gravity 12 12 43 Viswai River Gravity 9 0 44 Kikundi Ring Well Diesel Pump 10 0 45 Kihonda School Ring Well Elect Pump 0 0 Inst 46 Tungi Village Ring Well Diesel Pump 1 0 47 Kingolwira Est Ring Well Diesel Pump 8 50% 48 Jun. Luth. Sem. River Gravity Inst. 49 Pangawe River Gravity 10 5 50% 50 Kizinga River Gravity 8 4 50% 51 Mkata Ring Well Diesel Pump 5 0 52 Modeco (Mkata)Ring Well Diesel Pump 0 0 Inst 53 Lukobe Village Ring Well Elect Pump 7 2 50% 54 Magadu Village River Gravity 4 4 55 Chuo Kikuu River Gravity 0 0 Inst 56 Lukenge Ring Well Diesel Pump 7 0 8 31 TOTAL 135 Domestic Water Points per public supply 8.8 mean% 0 5 s thasystee th t m off d workan : n so the number of operational water points wereb estimated as 50 % of the points that are mechanically OK. Institutional water supplies are usually not accessible to the public. 05-Har-92 Horogoro RHSP ANNEX 3. Lis f PROGRAMMo t E villages HOBOGORO RURAL DISTRICT . [VillagenaBNr e Pop. Ir. of Hr. of Nrf o . Current step 1 1 SVells RHells WP's in 04M setup 1 jBonye 3522 5 4 2 iBwalira Chioi 1943 11 4 3 ICbangame 1958 6 10 4 IDibaiba 836 2 3 4 5 IDoia 3193 12 6 iGoiero 4011 g 12 llaibal7 a 937 11 6 8 Ilichangani 5542 19 4 9 Ilidudwe Kiduin 2144 9 16 0 jliliianjar1 o 2640 8 4 11 jlipera 3606 4 4 4 12 llonga/Vikenge 1992 3 10 3 3 llonk1 e 2148 6 11 14 ILufaindo 856 6 16 15 !Luogo 1988 3 11 6 ILusang1 a 4119 15 14 7 lHanga1 e 1363 q 4 8 IHanying1 a 2598 14 19 IMbogo 2900 C 12 0 !Hbwad2 e 2696 11 13 1 !Helel2 a 4298 4 17 4 22 iMbonda 2734 10 4 23 IHilaia 1538 7 13 4 iHlal2 i 2384 9 11 4 25 iMsongozi 2217 6 1 8 26 IMvoiero 5441 3 13 0 27 iSangaaanga 1095 2 4 3 8 ;Waj2 i Dakava 3062 10 1 16 1 1 73761 125 1 134 POPIII ATTHM nTVTRTHN UT ! AR! F MA! F FFMAI F !1 : RWAk'TRA 1 . Mnn*?i RR1 97.7 : 1RI7 7. Vi no 1 <=<-,-•-, 1 - 1 777 147S ! 7797 T; . DA^V AWA 1075 1 777 ' 779R 4. RlAl.A I. 1 |-A Jill! R70 9AS : 1 795 5. Mi 1 f-nnwf=>1 .-nnw<= A7R A51 : 1779 A. Re»c;pr,i-.nA- A14 A7S ! 1 7R9 7 . My.AKi it- Ann- A |09R 17RR ! 74 R A R. RwAtv-ir-A r-hi'ni 9.79 900 ! 1R.79 9. ki^Al: i 1 0 1 S 1 099 ! 7114 10. Rr-,n y <=. 159A 177.7 ! 7,7:^7 : M'v'l IHA 1 . M<=.r-inri(=, 597 e,^"T ' 1 1 90 "• 7. Mvi i hA 1 470 1 4RO ! 7900 T:. MAnnnnn i 479 45A ! 97S 4. 1 i i k i i 1 i i ri n f= 70R 7. 1 4 ! A77 MRFRFWRFRF 5. k: -i 71 . '.„ i cr.Af-.Hl' v .-. 49R ~,7A ' -! 0-~:. J 77. 1 i ihii.T.'i 1 R4 777 ' 4O--:- ,. . •,•'.--. . 1 i,-nn:.o! i ^ 4RT; !v; 7 ! 00^, 74. Hi nur-i 4AO 4A7 ' 977 75. k'i UP no 445 4R1 ! 9" A 7A. Mkul A7-i 797 779 ' A71 77. MAHt=1 A 77 A 747 ! 477; 7R. k'wAhA 4 SO 45' 1 70! 79. RpsrtAnf-'l-A -•• i A7 ' -"" • ' "T . ;i - 70 . . , ! : : . -71 ! _ . _ ... . K'TNRHi UJTRA 71 . Fi i 1 uic- -057 4 '1 ! 7 :1 i I-''- 7:7. ! i ih; tnnn A ASA 77/, ' 7P.7 77 . RWA hA ! 1 • (=,v,h^r AAA 7 ! 4 ! ' 7RO 74 . r-lA = r-VA "H'.l 7R~ ' ' '-' 7 7 75. :•:'•! r, .-H-, !. ,-. 779 7RO : "09 7.A. i"!i i hi ir-if-;,-T i '••!.•: . ~, 1 /•< 747 7.57 ! SO 4 .77. Ml kf-cjs RR!=. < 004 : ; n«9 7.R.. Mi; onn '.xi.-i MA f A 7RT 7,7 7 ' 759 79. ' »=• -; ^ '- A M i-j i- n -H r- R97. R4P ' 1 "M- ' 40 . P .-'i r-, (-, ,•;-, i>' H, 1 7A7 1771 ' --777 41. PAH 1-1 'iuii- 71 9 7O-. ! 1 S75 4-7. M i -.,-ir-ricr.r, -i 1 4^9 ! 777 ! 7797 47. Pin ifjA 7R7 9P7 ! 1 7AS 44.. ! nLvnh«= A7q) .-,44 : i :-'''"7, 45. k' i n n n 1 w i r .-•, * — "~ : — .&*. PHPtll ATTOr : 1 : DT M T R VT ! VTI 1 ARF MAI F FFMAI F THFAI : MVDMFRD ! 4A . H^mh^t i 1 45R 1311 77A9 !47. M^yomf=rn 749 c, 4 5 A 7 51 49 !4P. 1 ' J f"l f~^1 l 45R 447 900 ! 49. r n A <~j 1 1 n n -^ 40 A 3R9 795 ! 50. vri h^T* — - - . 1 5 ! PomhA 1474 1 A37 31 1 1 ) 57 . VTAmhal ^ 4^.7: 454 RP7 ! 53. rl f^ ^ K S T 1 1 7^A 174A 34P7 C '. 54. MA|<: i ivi i 1^; ,7 1410 77A7 | 55 . Mni irlp>n i A1 A 7. 3 A 1 357 ; 5A . M=;nf ini 44A 471 917 ! 57. Mk i nrln 1717 17A1 34-73 ' — . 5R . Hi hnmhn AAR AA7 1 330 : TMRTANT '. 59 . M?i h^ 135A 1 345 t}0? ! AO . k'nnn^ 1 71 A 1 07A 7747 . c-i 1 . n-i f i nnA 555 454 1 009 !A7. ! nk <=n n o 44^' 350 797 : A3 . Mhnnd^ 13 1A ! : 771 75R7 !64, Kichangani 25" 7707 5744 ! A5. kill m.=«n j ^.rn 1 7 1 A < 7P4 7507 !6A. Lusangs c,1 9 1 1 ?47 3P9P | A7 . Ma Hi ^ ini 1 =.^4 1 7 AO ' 7794 | AP. fc-vjamtnr.na ARw AR7 1 37A ! A9. k'i rjnnii 1 ' A 5 1 1 49 731 4 !70. R- i c;^ 1 A 594 5A1 51 5 ! 71 - Di nnma 1 ^Al 1377 7713 !77. Hi n aa MGETA !73. Langali 137^ 1 500 7P73 !74. 1 iiale 1 4^.7 ' 1 A43 30PO !75. Bumu 6^! 5 81" J.4A2 ! 7A. 1 i i<=.nnni 7RA S7'7 1 AA1 ',77. Tchezema * 9^-R 1 1 57 5 5 ->1 Ml A! T | 7fl . M 1 a 1 i 1093 1163 2256 |79. Mt=i p.! ^ 771 O 7773 44P3 : RO. (O'nPr-H .1.707 1 706 3413 , . 1 P ! Mnrnhn^a 1 < AP A 4 17 •:-• 4 i 4 ! R7.. Man ra 34 A 374 A 70 I S3. Nl.-^na 1 7 ^90 3A4 7C,4 |R4. M.a hph-a I. ^ X1 -7 1 1 '->97 74A4 ; R5 . M k+a a - 1 A 7 i 55 31 ~7 ! PA. 1 i n'norh p , A A3 A45 1 30R . i *r,> n / -: •i n . v i a r<<:. tn r ' 905 9RO 1PP5 •' •;•. f '•.;••• v* ••- jr: i ANNE* 5 PROPOSED BUDsE - "rY f? - "DSHULATIOi N MISSION (in T;h * 1000) MDROGORO Year 1 Year 2-5 'DIAL 10-4332 District Advisor 215 215 . Allowances 82 d 1,400 1.400 . Transport 1000 N. 400 40 . Stationery — — — — * - - • - , 2,015 • ^1• —< 'S \ ^ 10,075 16-4311 Local Personnel 1. DKS 3 HOD( C 5 day)4 : 4,118 2. District t:a«s 120 days 864 3. Fieldteans -643;'? 4,536 4. Drivers (3) 200 d=v = 108 5. Surveyor2 s 1,835 6. Construction tea: iro rehso. 5'* 2,662 7. Drawing tea: (pipe; 4,217 / 14,640 '3.200 20-4927 Investment I tp I ese- 1 = u c-r Toolboxes: viihaes 20 * Tsr.. 64.500.- 845 HQ Drillin t 60.00:se g ? = 63,000 Safari equip:: I;- . 131. OA-.- 3,822 Dis;n4ct - 400 x 'sh. 4%.- 900 SCO 65.467 -:,:- i'-4=!i ir.ve£'«'5r - --;!-;;;-•' . :. Motorcycles :• I; ' = '•, :Z! . v'/0' = 10,920 2. Bic/c!es 30C - '=-. :2.000.- 15,600 26,520 ! 26,510 10 .'Transport running costs IPrograaee vehicles 2 '50.00 B p.y0K 0 = . 6,000 lorry 25.000 >. 2v t . y/. "'.at*' "%-.2,l\' 1.300 1,3'X. Ov.- per = i it - 1,560 ' 1.560 ' ',500 5 - HOROSGRQ FF;G 0^ 5l^r - S- FF'E - FflfiHUlfiTiOK flSSiGS P n Ts(i x h1000 ' • ,'MQRGGORO'Yea r I i Tfea5 2- r TOTAL ; ;Training ! : !ia) Staff training ! ! i i i a.i ICuisunity Deveicosent i ' [Yearl 2 wee - yk refr^her ; 1 1.000 4,000 1 jp^.Titi, to.o?: ' j.uijM. ... ' 4,000 ; 4,000 i. THO aonth CQITES -ear \- 6^^ ,' ; : pwfrvw^ ; ; 1 i ' i.2 IHealth ! ! ;vearl - yT=rts . v),000/= p.p ! . (1C) ! 1,000 4.000 ' [One ionth co'irse -VEST i ! 4,000 ', 4,000 ; |to be orqariuec by UT reaion ,' ' i > : i.3. ; Water ', i lYearly - Tsh. =-).000 DD I 1,400 : 1,400 7 ^ ;'•,('. .'i ijFieldtea * a?::'.ric t C'Vicer ; s i/r : 0 60 i 0 30 • i.4 'Other trai'^r^ 4-X', O 0 2 ;V?a = 1 r iVear 2 = 20 ;Vear 3 - 15 !Year 4 = iO !Yea - 1 05 r b iVillaqe level tr3ir,inq '. Refresher co-..'?e; lo.- . St'jdv vj J r 4,0( : K\ V IN V I S \ o H S X 2 7x 3 NIL a, u c*& \Y\Vvon\A O 5" ^ Z 1, ^L 1. 1. 1 N-fl 5~ m