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Water for Health MOROGORO

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GWS Kenya /v)A | * J [X/IP K/ATDAAAIKIYX consultantu s in development management R824 TZMO92 Wate Healtr fo r h MOROGORO Formulatio Rurae th f no l Water Suppl Sanitatiod yan n Programme (RWSP) Tanzania District Profiles VOLUME II RE DRAFT REPORT MAY 1992 !>J; U AN,NUD ^-'-;-GP.; U'. •'••>.^' ,; •; e " Th Th Hagu» | TABL F CONTENTEO S ----- A- • ^H;M .^50)f 9 AU1PQ m9 AeD ij !l | P.O. !>«v- -—'*''-• - i/ql/l/lO Tel. 1.07U) 3149 next 141(1*2 1. INTRODUCTION ' LO: 2. SANITATION ........... .777..................... 2 2.1 CHOLERA IS EPIDEMIC IN THE MOROGORO REGION ......................................2 . 2.2 STAFFING.....................................2 . IMPACHYGIENE E TH TH SANITATIO F 2.D TO 3 E AN N 2 .. 2.4 HEALT & SANITATIOH N PROGRAMMES CUR- RENTLY ....................................... 2 5 2. GENDER ISSUE RELATION SI HYGIENO NT D EAN SANITATION. ................................... 3 . 3 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ....................4 . 3.1 SUFFICIENT FIELD STAFF ....................... 4 3.2 NEW APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY PARTICI- PATION ........................................ 4 3.3 MOBILISATION ................................. 4 3.4 PERSPECTIVE VILLAGE GOVERNMENT ........... 4 3.5 THE CD DEPARTMENTS HAVE IN GENERAL SUFFICIENT FEMALE STAFF ..................... 5 4. GENDER ISSUES ................................ 6 4.1 GENDER ISSUES ARE BEING DEALT WITH ON A PRACTICAL BASIS .............................. 6 ABSENCE TH 4. WOMEF 2E O MAKINN I G PROCESS ..6 . 4.3 THER S I HARDLE E Y FEMALTH AN Y N I E FTELDSTAFF ................................... 6 4.4 WOMENS PARTICIPATION IN THE DECISION MAKING PROCESS ...................................... 6 4.5 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILIT WATEF YO R TOWARD6 S 4.6 DEVELOPING WITH THE RCDOI .................. 7 5. IMPLEMENTATION CAPACIT DISTRICE TH N YI T ....8 . 5.1 PLANNING ....................................8 . 5.2 SUSTAINABnJTY ............................... 8 5.3 ACCOUNTABILITY .............................. 9 5.4 TRANSPORT ................................... 9 5.5 MANAGEMENT AT DISTRICT LEVEL .............. 10 6. ESTIMATEE DISTRICTH R TFO S BUDGET NEXT PHASE ........................................1 1 . 7 TANZANIAN WELLS SERVIC SUPPLD EAN Y COMPAN3 1 Y APPENDICES . I Kilosa . II Ulanga III. Kilombero IV. Morogoro Rural LIS ABBREVIATIONF TO S Afya Ministry of Health AMREF African Medica Researcd an l h Foundation ARDHI Institute in Dar es Salaam A CD Community Development Assistant DANIDA Danish Development Cooperation D DE District Executive Director DFA District Field Assistant (under Maji) DGIS Directorate Genera r Internationafo l l Cooperatione Th , Netherlands DHV DHV Consultants, The Netherlands D-PSU District Programme Support Units M DP District Programme Manager DWP Domestic Water Points EC Electrical Conductivity FINNIDA Finnish Development Cooperation GTZ German Development Cooperation S GW Groundwater Survey Ltd. Kenya GoN Government of The Netherlands GoT Government of Tanzania HESAWA HEalt SAnitatiod han n through WAter development IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre IWP Improved Water Points IWS Improved Water Supply Maendeleo Ministry of Community Development Maji Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals MWEM Ministr f Wateryo , Energ Minerald yan s NEPP-plus National Environmental Policy Plan 1990-1994, The Netherlands NORAD Norwegian Development Cooperation OOP Objective Oriented Planning RC Regional Commissioner D RD Regional Development Director E RN Royal Netherlands Embassy R-PSU Regional Programme Support Unit RWSP Rural Water and Sanitation Programme SIDA Swedish Development Cooperation SWL Static Water Level SWN (SO) Handpump used in RWSP TWSSC Handpump factory Morogoro UNDP United Nations Development Programme VHA Village Health Assistants WSU Watersector Support Unit Brief Summary of Findings Draft Morogoro Team 1. INTRODUCTION Anno 1992 after 15 years of assistance to the domestic water supply sector in the Morogoro region, the district water profiles indicate the following: e dat population Th ao n covere improvey db d water supplye (IWSth d an ) available infrastructur r IWSfollowss a fo e s i , : S DistricIW availablt 2 9 p ePo Area km2 est. coverage infrastr. Morogoro 19,25% 44 0 478,00% 26 0 Kilosa 14,245 407,000 25% 46% Kilombero 14,91% 47 8 227,00% 39 0 Ulanga 24,56% 47 0 151,00% 29 0 In the districts of Morogoro Rural and Kilosa, water shortage is a severe problem. However ,othe o thitw s r e hardldistrictscase th th n ei s y i , where save water is the main issue. Expansion of the programme in the districts of Ulanga and Kilombero should e donb shalloy eb w well piped an s d supplies where shallot w no well e ar s possible. Alternatives like roof catchments should also be considered. The situation in the districts of Kilosa and Morogoro is different. Virtually all villages where shallow wells are possible, are already included in the programme. For other villages alternatives such as piped supplies, roof catchments, sand dams, subsurface dams and others are to be considered. Reliability, cost and maintenance are the most important selection criteria. supple Th watef yo r does influenc attitude targee th th f eto groupe th f so programme. In Morogoro Rural and Kilosa, the willingness in the villages to contribute to the water fund is for instance better than in Ulanga. In the districts of Kilombero and of Ulanga save water and improved health appear e maith ne b benefit o t introducinn i s d e linshoulf an th o e e S db gIW approach in the next phase. woman'e Th s involvement wit managemene hth f improveo t d water supply at village level varies and depends to a great extent on how severe the water shortage participatioTh . is e f womeo n t districa n d divisioan t n level (administration alss i ) o limited. SANITATION 2.1 CHOLERA IS EPIDEMIC IN THE MOROGORO REGION In the district of Kilombero 849 cases were registered in the period Dec '91/Jan '92 proble.e Parth f o t mcauses i latriny db e pits collapsino t e gdu high water levels. 2 2. STAFFING In each District there is sufficient HA staff available to expand the programm otheo et r divisions. 2.3 THE IMPACT OF THE HYGIENE AND SANITATION EDUCATIO OPTIMAT NO NS I L followinge th o t e Thi;du s si trainin bees gha n targete muco dto leadero ht s suc wars ha d secretaries, village secretariefinae th l o t beneficiaries t VWSd no s an d Can . HA's methods of educating villagers is done e.g. by inspecting their house latrinesd san . This creates resistance. HAs miss skills in communication and community mobilization. Sofar little training is done in the villages with the final users. 2.4 HEALT SANITATIOH& N PROGRAMMES CURRENTLY OPERATING ARE: Primary Health Care including Facts for Life Child Survival Development Rural Water & Sanitation Programme The three programmes use the same personnel at division level and have nearly the same message where it concerns hygiene and sanitation. In villages in whicprogramme3 e hth operatinge ar s , RWSP should offer more than education onlye suggestioTh . o establist s ni ha revolvin g loan funr fo d construction of latrine slabs and drainage improvement e Positio2 Villagf no e Health Workers (VHW) The Village Health Worker is to be instrumental for continuous improvement healte th f sho situatio villagt na eW RWSlevele th VH e n .I P th is use promoto dt e better sanitatio hygiend nan e practice she/hd an s s ei responsible for monitoring/reporting. Currently the position of the VHWs is weak as most of them have: t receiveno d initial training t receivinno e salary ar gan y RWSP is to allocate funds for training VHWs of those villages not covered by other programmes. This training has to be the standard 2 month course apolicT s indicatePrimarn GO y o e th n ydi Health Care. Furthermoro et allow for better working conditions at village level, the DWSC is to take care that by-law paymente th r sfo VHWf villagso e th y seb governmen passee tar d in the district council. 2.5 GENDER ISSUE N RELATIOI S O HYGIENT N D AN E SANITATION: there are hardly any female staff hi the preventive health care system in the districts concerned gende t rconsidere no issue e ar sgended an d r specifit cno date ar a available. nexe inth t projece phasth f eo framewora t dealinr kfo g with gender issues is to be developed. 3. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 3.1 SUFFICIENT FIELD STAFF Sufficient field staf availabls i f divisionw ne eac n ei e th ho s t r districfo d an t coverede b . Motivatio stafD goods C i f stafe e th .Th f f nrealizeo se thath n i t present programme the beneficiaries not reach as the training stops at the level of village government, VWSC and village secretary. For example, the care takers have toda t receiveyno trainingy dan same Th . e appliee th r sfo VHW excepo swh trainine th t monitoringn gi t receivno trainingy d edi an , . CD staff together with HA is to be allowed more time in the village to mobiliz cel0 traid 1 lean t n levela . 3.2 NEW APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION thio d s o effectivelyT stafd c fe need th traineapproache,e w b o ne st n di o st community participation. Their presen f tforma o metho e lon educatios di n and not of participatory learning. Particularly in this time in which a process of democratization/multiparty system is started, these new skills are very useful. 3.3 MOBILISATION Mobilisation of the beneficiaries is necessary to further strengthen the aim of water fees being pair sustainabilitfo d y c.q. cost recovere th f o y watersupply at village level. This is presently slowly taking shape for example fun r M village Morogorope dth O& e balancn i ee th th f eo distric n o s i t average Tsh.
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  • Sources of Agricultural Information for Women Farmers in Hai and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfill

    Sources of Agricultural Information for Women Farmers in Hai and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfill

    Sources of Agricultural Information for Women Farmers in Hai and Kilosa Districts, Tanzania THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Elizabeth Lucas Isaya, B.S. Graduate Program in Agricultural and Extension Education The Ohio State University 2015 Master's Examination Committee: Dr. Robert Agunga, Advisor Dr. Robert J. Birkenholz Copyright by Elizabeth Lucas Isaya 2015 ABSTRACT This study investigated sources of agricultural information used by women farmers in Tanzania. Women farmers constitute the majority of farmers in Tanzania. Enabling them to increase food production will help achieve the government’s goals of achieving food security and agro-based industrialization. However, it is not clear where women farmers obtain information on modern farming methods. Knowing these sources will enable the Tanzanian government and international aid organizations channel information directed toward women farmers through those sources. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify women farmer’s sources of information in agriculture. Due to limited funding and time constraints, the study involved a survey of 300 women farmers in Hai and Kilosa districts of Kilimanjaro and Morogoro Regions, respectively. The survey was completed using an interview schedule. Of the 300 respondents sampled, 288 provided usable data for the study yielding a response rate of 96%. Six research objectives guided this study, namely: (a) examine the demographic characteristics of women farmers in Tanzania; (b) describe sources of information on modern farming methods for women farmers; (c) assess innovative farming methods adopted by women farmers; (d) examine women farmers’ access to and use of ICTs; (e) examine women farmers’ access to and use of agricultural extension agents; and (f) examine other challenges facing women farmers in Tanzania.