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Mbomipa Project Idodi and Pawaga Divisions Iringa Region, Tanzania and Selous Conservation Program Songea and Morogoro Districts Ruvuma and Morogoro Regions Tanzania

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Mbomipa Project Idodi and Pawaga Divisions Iringa Region, Tanzania and Selous Conservation Program Songea and Morogoro Districts Ruvuma and Morogoro Regions Tanzania Mbomipa Project Idodi and Pawaga Divisions Iringa Region, Tanzania and Selous Conservation Program Songea and Morogoro Districts Ruvuma and Morogoro Regions Tanzania Appendix 1 of the EPIQ Assessment of Lessons Learned from Community Based Conservation in Tanzania August 2000 Task Order No. 12 Contract No. PCE-I-00-96-00002-00 Mbomipa Project Idodi and Pawaga Divisions Iringa Region, Tanzania and Selous Conservation Program Songea and Morogoro Districts Ruvuma and Morogoro Regions Tanzania Appendix 1 of the EPIQ Assessment of Lessons Learned from Community Based Conservation in Tanzania Prepared by: International Resources Group, Ltd. 1211 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel: (202) 289-0100 Fax: (202) 289-7601 Prepared for: USAID/Tanzania August 2000 Environmental Policy and Institutional Strengthening Indefinite Quantity Contract (EPIQ) Partners: International Resources Group, Winrock International, and Harvard Institute for International Development Subcontractors: PADCO; Management Systems International; and Development Alternatives, Inc. Collaborating Institutions: Center for Naval Analysis Corporation; Conservation International; KNB Engineering and Applied Sciences, Inc..; Keller-Bliesner Engineering; Resource Management International, Inc.; Tellus Institute; Urban Institute; and World Resources Institute. Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. iv Interpretation of Key Terms.................................................................................................... vi Tanzania Country Bio-Data Sheet ........................................................................................ viii Preface .................................................................................................................................... ix 1. Scope of the Report .................................................................................................. ix 2. Field Techniques, Data and Analysis ....................................................................... ix 1. Mbomipa And Selous Conservation Program–An Overview ............................................ 11 1.1 MBOMIPA.............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Selous Conservation Project (SCP) ......................................................................... 13 2. Socio-Economic Issues...................................................................................................... 21 2.1 Population Demographics........................................................................................ 21 2.1.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 21 2.1.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 21 2.2 Status of Social Services.......................................................................................... 22 2.2.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 22 2.3 Main Economic Activities....................................................................................... 23 2.3.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 23 2.3.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 25 2.4 Local Institutions and Level of Local Participation in Decision-Making................ 26 3. Analysis of the Main Findings........................................................................................... 28 3.1 Management ............................................................................................................ 28 3.1.1 Consensus and the Planning process ............................................................ 28 3.1.2 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 28 3.1.3 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 30 3.1.4 Linkages with other Programs..................................................................... 31 3.2 Activities and Linkages with Private Sector, Government and NGO’s .................. 32 3.2.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 33 3.2.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 35 i 3.2.3 Activities Related to Marketing or Increasing Access to Markets and Value-Added Processing........................................................................ 35 3.2.4 Collaboration of different CBC Initiatives ................................................... 36 3.3 Institutional and Legal Aspects ............................................................................... 36 3.3.1 Issues of Land Tenure ................................................................................. 36 3.3.2 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 38 3.3.3 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 39 3.4 Management and Institutions Established .............................................................. 42 3.4.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 42 3.4.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 42 3.5 Locus of Decision-making: Composition and Mandates of Management Team and Linkages with Village and District Council ..................................................... 43 3.5.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 43 3.5.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 46 3.5.3 Regulations and By-laws for Natural Resource Use.................................... 48 3.5.4 Rights and Responsibilities of Communities, Village Government, District and Central Government.................................................................. 48 3.5.5 Binding Legal and Policy issues.................................................................. 49 3.5.6 Mechanisms for Conflict Resolution ........................................................... 51 3.6 Facilitation............................................................................................................... 52 3.6.1 Sources of Funds .......................................................................................... 52 3.7 Capacity Building and Monitoring Process............................................................ 54 3.7.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 54 3.7.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 55 3.8 Economic and Environmental Impact – Benefit sharing ......................................... 56 3.8.1 Categories, Type and Value of Benefits ...................................................... 56 3.8.2 Financial Benefit .......................................................................................... 57 3.9 Environmental Benefits ........................................................................................... 58 3.9.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 59 3.9.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 60 3.10 Mechanisms to Share Benefits................................................................................ 63 ii 3.10.1 MBOMIPA................................................................................................... 63 3.10.2 Selous Conservation Program....................................................................... 64 3.10.3 Mechanisms to Address Age, Gender and Equity issues.............................. 64 4. Constraints and Opportunities............................................................................................ 67 5. Practical Lessons Learned.................................................................................................. 69 5.1 Building Trust Among Stakeholders – A Crucial First Step.................................... 69 5.2 Definition of “Community”..................................................................................... 69 5.3 Considering Gender in Community Involvement in Natural Resource Management............................................................................................ 70 5.4 Security of Tenure – Devolution of Proprietorship Rights and Management Authority Over Local Natural Resources to Local Communities...... 71 5.5 The Centrality of the Political Process to Long-term CBC Success........................ 71 5.6 Intra- and Inter-sectoral Coordination ..................................................................... 71 5.7 Process for Community-based Involvement in NRM Should Be Simple................ 72 5.8 Promote Community Institutional Mechanisms and Capabilities for Knowledge Sharing and Resource Control ............................................................
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