Biological Forum – An International Journal 7(1): 119-127(2015) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239 Study Quranic plants in Hadiths Ebrahim Azarpour*, Maral Moraditochaee** and Hamid Reza Bozorgi** *Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, IRAN **Young Researchers and Elite Club, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, IRAN (Corresponding author: Maral Moraditochaee) (Received 15 November, 2014, Accepted 17 January, 2015) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: The Holy Quran and Hadiths by the Infallible Imams provide broad guidelines concerning the spiritual and material aspects of life. Plants either mentioned in the Holy Quran and hadiths were considered as highly potential medicinal plants. In the research there are the sayings and traditions that somehow represent the miraculous Quranic plants (Manna of hedysarum, Onion or Cepa, Garlic, Black mustard, Camphor, Cucumber, Pumpkin or Gourd or Calabasse, Fig, Lentil, Banana, Royal basil or Sweet basil, Olive, Data plam or Edible date, Pomegranata, Toothbrush tree or Mustard tree, Manna Tree or French Tamarisk, Grape, Ginger and Nabak tree) in the statements of the holy prophet of Islam's inmates. In this study, the qualitative research method of content analysis on hadiths with respect to Quranic plants were performed. Then, the collected materials were analyzed. Keywords: Hadiths, Quranic Plants, Holy Imams, Islamic Lifestyle. INTRODUCTION medicine, except experimental sciences, will be opened to the medical researchers and scholars. Also, Islam is not only a religion but also a total way of herbal medicine helps people to be safe from damages life. It covers every aspect of human endeavour. So of chemical drugs which have been achieved from when addressing the issue of medication, Islam has a experimental sciences; makes the treatment procedure lot to say about it, ranging from its meaning and easier, and passes through mere physical form and purpose, to its utilization and efficacy (Akanni, enhances supernatural sciences (Noor Mohammadi 2013). Diseases and other related ailments are and Haji, 2013). predictable in life and have led man to discover ways The development of Greco-Arab and Islamic by which they could be treated. Plants have always medicine was based on four main resources: (1) been a successful source of remedy from nature. Such knowledge developed by traditional healers in the practice is as old as human existence and forms an pre-Islamic period based on a long history of trial and integral part of traditional medicine. The term error, (2) knowledge introduced by Islam, (3) medicinal is applied to a plant indicates that it theoretical and practical knowledge developed in contains a substance or substances which modulate other medical systems, which became available to beneficially the physiology of sick mammals and that Arab–Islamic scholars after the translation of Greek, it has been used by man for that purpose. Today, Indian, and Persian scripts, and (4) theoretical and herbal medicine has gradually become more popular practical knowledge introduced by Arab and Muslim and the need for promoting the related awareness is scholars (Saad and Said, 2011; Saad, 2014). The perceived (Noor Mohammadi and Haji, 2013; Tumpa selection of potential natural products was based on et al., 2014). On the other hand, in Islamic medicine, accumulated knowledge developed in the pre-Islamic Hadiths and narrations the healing effects of herbal period based on a long history of trial and error, and medicine have been noted repeatedly. According to then by knowledge introduced by Islam. These the influence of these hadiths on beliefs, it is include natural products mentioned in the Holy Quran necessary to collect and use these references, or in the Hadith of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH). scientifically and documentary. Healing effect of Foreign developments in medicine also became plants is the matter which can be perceived through available to Arab–Islamic scholars following the using the ocean of Quranic information and spiritual translation of Greek, Indian, and Persian texts. knowledge of Holy Prophet and Alh-e-bait which are Additionally, physicians in the Islamic world called as “Islamic texts (hadiths)”. In this regard, new introduced many innovative theoretical and practical achievements of medical science can be integrated ideas to the fields of medicine and pharmacy with spiritual conceptions. If this integration is done, throughout this period (Saad and Said, 2011; Saad, a scientific angle of Quran, Holy Prophet and Ahl-e- 2014). Development of Greco-Arab and Islamic bait will be discovered and another window of medicine showed that in Fig. 1. Azarpour, Moraditochaee and Bozorgi 120 According to Holy Quran, 19 plants like (Manna of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION hedysarum, Onion or Cepa, Garlic, Black mustard, The previous studies have revealed to us of the Camphor, Cucumber, Pumpkin or Gourd or importance of Kitab al-Tibb in Sahih Bukahri. It gives Calabasse, Fig, Lentil, Banana, Royal basil or Sweet primarily idea on the conditions of Muslims in the basil, Olive, Data plam or Edible date, Pomegranate, time of Prophet (s.a.w), how did they prevent and Toothbrush tree or Mustard tree, Manna Tree or treat the disease. It is found that most of al-tibb al- French Tamarisk, Grape, Ginger and Nabak tree) are nabawi is preventive medicine (al-tibb al-wiqa`i) gifts and heavenly plants of God. Nineteen fruits and rather than therapeutic medicine (al-tibb al-`ilaji). Its plants name have been mentioned in the Holy book of method of prevention was considered advance, given Moslem. The plant species in the Quran are: Alhagi the level of scientific knowledge that existed at the maurorum, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Brassica time. As far as the treatment of disease is concerned, nigra, Cinamoumon camphor, Cucumis sativus, the hadiths of the Prophet (s.a.w) in Kitab al-Tibb of Cucurbita pepo, Ficus carica, Lens culinaris Medic, Sahih Bukahri gives us the idea throws on how did the Musa sapientum, Ocimum basilicum, Olea europaea, Muslim had been treated, if he was sick. It is found Phoenix dactylifera, Punica granatum, Salvadora that the treatment of disease was mainly based on the persica, Tamarix aphylla, Vitis vinifera, Zingiber cause of disease. These remarks lead to the conclusion officinale and Ziziphus spina_christi (Azarpour et al., that we should not use al-tibb al-nabawi (medicine of 2014). The aim of present study was to evaluation the Prophet) without empirical research because of Quranic plants in narratives and hadiths. changes in medicinal plants and environment as well as the meaning of linguistic terms. Thus the conditions for which these remedies were prescribed in the first century of hijrah may not be exactly the same as the conditions we are dealing with today. The refore, if we wish to have a complete account of Prophetic medicine, we shall not be satisfied by referring to the writing of traditionalist scholars in the past without referring to new discoveries made by the researchers after the demise of Prophet (s.a.w) (Deuraseh, 2006). The religious sources specially the most importance Islamic resources are one of the most important and valuable resources that help protect human health and the treatment of disease that require special attention. Since these sources are obtained from the Word of God, the Holy Prophets and Imams, they have a solid foundation. Therefore, it is clear that more attention and understanding of these sources and achieving their deep meanings can help health promotion and treatment of diseases. Some scientists believe that the science of medicine has a divine source and relies on Fig. 1. Development of Greco-Arab and Islamic revelation. The great thinker and scholar Sheikh medicine. Mofid (RA) states: Medicine is a science the MATERIALS AND METHODS understanding of which is a fixed phenomenon and revelation is the way to achieve it. Those who are In this study, the qualitative research method of aware of this science have obtained it only from the content analysis on hadiths with respect to Quranic prophets, in order to achieve the reality of the sickness plants (Manna of hedysarum, Onion or Cepa, Garlic, there is no way except anecdotes (anecdotal evidence) Black mustard, Camphor, Cucumber, Pumpkin or and in order to achieve how to treat it there is no way Gourd or Calabasse, Fig, Lentil, Banana, Royal basil except (divine) grace thus it is proved that the only or Sweet basil, Olive, Data plam or Edible date, way to obtain this knowledge is to hear it from God Pomegranata, Toothbrush tree or Mustard tree, who is aware of all secrets. It seems that the needs of Manna Tree or French Tamarisk, Grape, Ginger and the primitive human being demanded to obtain some Nabak tree) were performed. Then, the collected empirical knowledge necessary to survive through materials were analyzed. revelation. Azarpour, Moraditochaee and Bozorgi 121 In confirming this theory Seyyed bin Tavous states: Imam Zain al-Abedin Ibn Husain al-Sajjad (AZ) God dismissed Adam from the heaven and made him said: There are two things that do not enter the aware of every thing. Astronomy and medicine was stomach unless corrupt it, and two things that cleanse the sciences that God had informed him of them. them. Those cleansers are pomegranate and cold Therefore, we can say that the beginning of medicine water and the corrupters are cheese and dry grilled was the teachings of revelation but scientists meat. knowledge is also added and it gradually expands but Imam Jaffar Ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (AZ) said: the claim that revelation is the only way to achieve Whoever eats pomegranate his life is safe until the this knowledge is not only against the intellectual and morning. religious argument but also it is proven as invalid by Imam Jaffar Ibn Muhammad al-Sadiq (AZ) said: the experience.