MANUFACTURING 687 Forest Raw Materials Principal Manufactured Products Metallic Mineral Note: Tree products—e.g. coconut, rubber which are Raw Material (contd.) Principal Manufactured Products generally grown on an organized plantation basis are listed under Bismuth (found in small quan¬ As elemental bismuth, used for Agricultural Raw Materials. tity in wolfram-bearing allu¬ medicines; cosmetics; manufacture vial deposits of Tavoy and of thin-walled tubing; seals for Bamboo Paper; rafting material; building Mergui areas; also in tlie tin- nitriding furnaces; electroforming; framing material (untreated and wolfram lode at Kanbauk) additive to aluminum alloys; impregnated); building sidings; additive to stainless, manganese, furniture; floor mats, etc. and carbon steels; fuze alloys and Camphor Drugs. other low melting point alloys; Cane Rattan work; baskets; mats; rectifier coatings; tin-saving sol¬ cordage substitute. ders; bearings. As bismuth sub- Cinnamon Spices. carbonate, used for ceramic glazes Cutch Tanning agents; dyes. and artificial horn products; as Hardwoods, not elsewhere Squares, sawn untreated timber basic bismuth chloride, used for classified and lumber; impregnated timber cosmetics, paint pigments and and lumber; lumber products; artificial pearls; as basic bismuth chipboard (from sawmill wastes); nitrate, used for bismuth fluxes for plywood; tea chests; railway enamels and cosmetics. sleepers and keys; charcoal; fire¬ wood. Gurjan has most of the Chromium (several occur¬ Heat and corrosion resisting alloy characteristics of teak. rences of chromite reported in steels; nickel chrome resistance Lac Shellac; sealing wax; phonograph Arakan Yomas, and several wire; tanning compounds; dyeing records; varnishes. others in Kamaing subdivision mordants; oxygen absorber in gas Leaves, miscellaneous Wrapping materials. of Myitkyina district; no analysis; camouflage pigments; Mangrove Tannin; firewood. commercial output in Burma priming pigments for military air¬ to date) Pyinkado (iron wood) Untreated and impregnated rail¬ craft, vessels and structural steel; road sleepers; posts; construction textile processing plating and timber; tool handles. anodizing aircraft parts and Sandalwood Carvings; chests; fans. frames; catalysts for petroleum Softwoods, miscellaneous Matches; boxes. refining; synthetic rubber manu¬ Teak Ship and boat decking; timbers facturing refractories; reagents and hull planking; building con¬ and chemicals. struction; timber and lumber; Cobalt (no cobalt deposits as High speed steel alloys; magnets; lumber products; shingles (from such known in Burma, but paint pigments; and porcelain butts); chipboard (from sawmill cobalt forms important part paints; absorbent for military wastes); plywood; furniture. of complex Bawdwin mine poison gas and ammonia. Thitsi Lacquers; varnishes; cements. ores) Vines, miscellaneous Rope and cordage substitutes. Columbium (E. L. G. Clegg, Corrosion resisting stainless steels. Superintending Geologist, Geological Survey of India, states one specimen of colum¬ *Note: (1) In connection with all minerals listed in this and the bite bearing pegmatite found following section, for which only minor occurrences are indicated, in north of Tavoy district; no it must be remembered that Burma is still underexplored for large occurrences known in minerals. Burma, and no commercial (2) Up to the present most of the ores of metallic minerals extraction to date) have been shipped abroad as concentrates. Lead and silver have Copper (only minor occur¬ Many major fabricated copper been refined to elemental metallic form in Burma. rences known except for products; many major fabricated Metallic Mineral copper constituent of com¬ brass and bronze products; other Raw Material* Principal Manufactured Products plex Bawdwin ores) copper alloys; paint and paper pigments; roofing specialities; Aluminum (no encouraging pins; clips; staples; zipper fasten¬ deposits of bauxite found in ers; insecticides and extermina¬ Burma to date) tors ; pyrotechnics; artificial Antimony (slight exploitation Bearings; batteries; type; collap¬ flowers; photographic reagents; to date, but potentially valu¬ sible tubes; foils, solder; tracer dyeing mordants; artificial silks; able deposits) ammunition and primers; paints colored glass; electrodes; steel and lacquers; glass and pottery; rust retardant; many chemicals; matches. many medicines and drugs. Beryllium (small deposits of Alloy steels; nonferrous alloys; Gold (only minor alluvial de¬ Gold leaf; jewelry and watch beryl ore; no primary deposits fluorescent phosphors; incandes¬ posits so far known in Burma) cases; dentistry; pens and pencils; known to exist in Burma) cent lamp filaments and filament church articles; military insignia; coatings; other heating elements; stained glass, many gold plated special crucibles and refractories. articles; chinaware and porcelain Barium and barites (known Sludges for well-drilling; paint decoration; gilding liquids; photo¬ deposits in several places in¬ filler; glass; rubber filler; steel graphy; drugs. cluding near Mawson in Shan heat-treating agent; photographic States; some small-scale com- paper coatings; brine purifier for Iridium (see platinum) merical output in the past) chlorine manufacture; green signal Iron (some 21 iron-ore de¬ Basic iron and steel manufactured flares; beet sugar purifier; hydro¬ posits have been reported in and semi-manufactured products gen peroxide manufacture; steel Burma; none of any size has include pig iron, in various grades; case hardening. as yet been found; from 1934 ferro-alloys for a variety of 688 ECONOMIC AND ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OF BURMA Metallic Mineral Metallic Mineral Raw Materials (contd.) Principal Manufactured Products Raw Material (contd.) Principal Manufactured Products through 1940 the Burma Cor¬ purposes; steel ingots, blooms, bil¬ paints; oil refining; rubber; var¬ poration produced around lets, slabs and sheet bars; iron and nish; linoleum; ink. Other lead- 25,000 tons per year of iron steel bars and rods, including iron salts, chemicals, derivatives: tex¬ ore from Burma deposits; bars, steel concrete reinforcement tile dyeing, printing, weighting: practically all of this was used bars, other steel bars, and wire putty; pyrotechny; manufacture as flux in smelting lead and rods; iron and steel plates, sheets, of matches and explosives; "anti¬ associated ores from Bawdwin skelp and strips; iron and steel knock" for gasoline; numerous mine; extraction of iron ore sheets, galvanized and ungal- drugs; many other products. for flux should be revised; vanized; tin plate and tcrne plate. Manganese (promising deposit Many ferrous alloys; manganese additional reported deposits, Manufactured steel mill products near Ho Pong; other reported bronze; depolarizer in dry bat¬ especially in the Tavoy and including structural iron and steel; deposits also being investi¬ teries; glass; enamels; paints; Loikaw areas, should be in¬ railway track material; pipe and gated; some commercial ex¬ varnish dryers; dyes and mor¬ vestigated; scrap, a source of other tubular products; wire and ploitation to date) dants; fertilizer (agricultural man¬ raw material for the iron and manufactures; nails and bolts; ganese sulphate); leather process¬ steel industry which has re¬ castings and forgings. Manu¬ ing; disinfectants; decorating por¬ cently been under survey) factured iron and steel products, celain and china; pigments in other than steel mill products, rubber products; drugs. include fools, other hardware and Molybdenum (no deposits of Ferrous alloys; pigments and a large share of the other manu¬ molybdenum as such known colors; welding rod coatings; factured products of present-day in Burma; some recovered as filaments, screen-grids for elec¬ industrialized economies. Other byproduct in mining and mill¬ tronic devices; ceramic glazes; iron products and derivatives ing of tin and wolfram ores) chemical reagents. include iron powder, used for batteries, powder metallurgy, vet¬ Mercury (there have been erinary medicals; iron carbybal, rumors, according to Clegg, used as an antiknock in internal of cinnabar mercury ore de¬ combustion engines; brown iron posits in the Shan States and oxide, used for animal feeds, Tenasserim; but to date there ceramics, water-paints; red iron is no clear evidence of occur¬ oxide, used for polishing glass and rences metal, pigments in rubber goods, Monazite (some occurrences Monazite sand the commercial wallpaper pigments, iron paints, of monazite sands reported in source of the cerium group (the ceramics; ferric ammonium citrate, Burma, but so far of doubtful so-called "rare-earth minerals"), used for blueprints, medicinals and commercial value) consisting of cerium, lanthanum, photography; ferric chromate, praseodymium, terbium, yttrium, used for porcelain ceramics and illinium, and samarium. These for pigment in paints, varnishes, made into various alloys, of which water colors; ferric dichromate, the most important (cerium stan¬ used for water and oil paints dard alloy) used in lighter flints cement paint and green pigment; (spark metal); tracer bullets; ferric ferrocyanide, used for paint electronic tubes; aluminum and pigments and for ink and laundry magnesium alloys; glass; catalysis bluing; ferric hydroxide, used for in ammonia manufacturing; aniline pigments, medicinals, and as a gas black; medicals and pharmaceuti¬ absorber; ferric nitrate, used for cals. Oxide, hydrates and fluorides tanning, textile dyeing mordant, of the rare-earth minerals are used