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Pengelolaan Gambut Strategi dan Rencana Tindak Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan OKTOBER 2006 KELOMPOK KERJA PENGELOLAAN LAHAN GAMBUT NASIONAL Kelompok Kerja Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Nasional STRATEGI DAN RENCANA TINDAK NASIONAL PENGELOLAAN LAHAN GAMBUT BERKELANJUTAN © Departemen Dalam Negeri, 2006 Tim Penyusun: A. Pembina 1. H. Syamsul Arief Rivai Dirjen Bina Bangda, Depdagri Pengarah 2. Dra. Masnellyarti Hilman, M.Sc. Deputi Bidang Peningkatan Konservasi Pengarah SDA dan Pengendalian Kerusakan Lingkungan, KLH 3. Ir. M. Arman Mallolongan, MM Dirjen PHKA, Departemen Kehutanan Pengarah 4. DR. Ichwanuddin Mawardi Sahmen PPN Bidang Percepatan Pengarah Pembangunan Kawasan Timur Indonesia dan Kawasan Tertinggal B. Kelompok Kerja 1. Prof. DR. Tjahya Supriatna, SU Ditjen Bina Bangda, Depdagri Koordinator 2. DR. Agus Prabowo Bappenas Anggota 3. Drs. Bambang Jasminto, M.Sc. Dit. Anggaran IIDitjen APK, Depkeu Anggota 4. Ir. Antung Deddy Radiansyah Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Anggota 5. Ir. Bambang Sukmananto, M.Sc. Ditjen PHKA, Dephut Anggota 6. Drs. Dibjo Sartono Wetlands International – IP Anggota 7. Ir. Listya Kusumawardani, M.Sc. Ditjen BPK, Dephut Anggota 8. Ir. Warsito Sw, Dipl. HE. Ditjen Sumber Daya Air, Dep. PU Anggota 9. Ir. Tangkas Pandjaitan, M.Agr.Sc. Ditjen Pengelolaan Lahan dan Air, Deptan Anggota 10. Ir. Diah Indrajati, M. Sc. Ditjen Bina Bangda, Depdagri Anggota 11. Bambang Supartanto, ME. Balitbang PU Anggota 12. DR. Ir. Budi Triadi, Dipl. HE. Balitbang PU Anggota 13. DR. Ir. Didi A. Suriadikarta, M.Sc. Balitbang Pertanian Anggota 14. Drs. M. Fakhrudin, M.Si. Pusat Penelitian Limnologi – LIPI Anggota 15. DR. Sabaruddin W., M.Sc. P3TL- BPPT Anggota 16. Ir. Nyoto santoso, M.Sc. Yayasan Mangrove Indonesia Anggota 17. Drs. Wahyunto, M.Sc. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Anggota Pertanian 18. DR. Ir. Istomo, M.Sc. Fakultas Kehutanan IPB Anggota C. Sekretariat Pokja 1. Ir. Diah Indrajati, M. Sc. Ditjen Bina Bangda, Depdagri Ketua 2. Ir. I Nyoman N. Suryadiputra Wetlands International – IP Wakil Ketua 3. Dra. Heni Agustina, M.Sc. Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup Anggota 4. Drs. Barkah Sulistiadi Ditjen Bina Bangda, Depdagri Anggota 5. Ir. Wahyu Rudianto Ditjen PHKA, Dephut. Anggota D. Editor 1. Dandun Sutaryo Wetlands International – IP 2. I Nyoman N. Suryadiputra Wetlands International – IP Proses penyusunan dan penerbitan dokumen ini didukung oleh Canadian Climate Change Development Fund - Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) melalui kegiatan Climate Change, Forests and Peatlands in Indonesia (CCFPI) yang dilaksanakan oleh Wetlands International – Indonesia Programme (WI-IP) dan Wildlife Habitat Canada (WHC). Kata Pengantar Indonesia memiliki sekitar 20 juta hektar lahan gambut sehingga tergolong sebagai negara dengan lahan gambut tropika terluas di dunia. Lahan gambut memiliki arti penting karena merupakan sistem penyangga kehidupan, menjadi sumber air, sumber pangan, menjaga kekayaan keanekaragaman hayati, dan berfungsi sebagai pengendali iklim global. Menyadari pentingnya peran dan fungsi lahan gambut, sebagai salah satu jenis lahan basah, maka pengelolaan lahan gambut perlu dilakukan secara tepat dan terpadu. Meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap lahan, maka keberadaan lahan gambut cenderung dinilai dari sisi ekonomi dibanding dari nilai dan fungsi ekologinya. Kondisi tersebut berpotensi menimbulkan konflik kepentingan antar sektor maupun antar wilayah dan bahkan antar berbagai kepentingan pihak-pihak lainnya. Di sisi lain, pengelolaan lahan gambut yang lebih bersandar pada nilai ekonomi akan cenderung lebih memihak kepada pemilik modal, memarjinalkan hak-hak masyarakat serta dapat mengabaikan fungsi ekologi lahan gambut. Meskipun dalam kerangka Strategi Pengelolaan Lahan Basah Nasional (KLH, 2004), aspek lahan gambut sudah tercakup di dalamnya, namun mengingat besarnya potensi dan faktor-faktor spesifik yang dimiliki lahan gambut Indonesia, maka dipandang perlu untuk menyusun kerangka strategi pengelolaan lahan gambut secara khusus. Selanjutnya dokumen strategi nasional tersebut dinamakan Strategi dan Rencana Tindak Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan (SRTNPLGB). Dokumen ini diharapkan dapat menjadi ‘payung’ panduan dalam pengelolaan lahan gambut yang efektif dan sinergis antara setiap pemangku kepentingan baik di pusat maupun di daerah. Meskipun dokumen SRTNPLGB ini merupakan payung bagi cikal-bakal dikeluarkannya strategi- strategi pengelolaan lahan gambut di Daerah, namun ia bersifat akomodatif, yaitu dalam penerapannya dapat dikembangkan sesuai dengan kekhasan dan prioritas Daerah sesuai tuntutan desentralisasi dan otonomi, sepanjang nilai dan fungsi ekologis menjadi pertimbangan yang berimbang dengan penilaian ekonominya, serta kepentingan rakyat banyak menjadi sasaran utamanya. Kelompok Kerja Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Nasional yang menyusun SRTNPLGB menyadari bahwa dokumen ini masih jauh dari sempurna, untuk itu segala kritik saran dari para pembaca dapat diajukan kepada kami baik secara lisan maupun tertulis. Pada kesempatan ini perkenankan juga kami mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah secara langsung maupun tidak langsung membantu dan mendukung tersusunnya dokumen ini. Jakarta, Oktober 2006 Kelompok Kerja Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Nasional Strategi dan Rencana Tindak Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan iii Daftar Isi Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................................................ iii Daftar Singkatan dan Istilah ....................................................................................................... viii 1. Pendahuluan ...........................................................................................................................1 2. Lahan Gambut di Indonesia ..................................................................................................6 2.1 Definisi dan Karakteristik Gambut .................................................................................6 2.2 Sebaran dan Luas Lahan Gambut di Indonesia ............................................................8 2.3 Nilai dan Manfaat Lahan Gambut di Indonesia .......................................................... 11 2.4 Kebijakan dan Kelembagaan Terkait dengan Pengelolaan Lahan Basah ................. 17 2.5 Permasalahan dan Ancaman ..................................................................................... 36 2.6 Perlunya Strategi Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut .......................................................... 46 2.7 Kerjasama Regional .................................................................................................... 47 3. Strategi dan Rencana Tindak Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan (SRTNPLGB) ............................................................................................... 48 3.1 Pengertian Dasar ........................................................................................................ 48 3.2 Tantangan dalam Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan di Indonesia .............. 49 3.3 Rasionalisasi Strategi Nasional / SRTNPLGB ............................................................ 49 3.4 Sasaran Strategi Nasional / SRTNPLGB ................................................................... 50 3.5 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................................................. 51 3.6 Tujuan Operasional ..................................................................................................... 51 3.7 Rencana Tindak .......................................................................................................... 53 4. Mekanisme Pelaksanaan .................................................................................................... 63 4.1 Mekanisme Pelaksanaan di Pusat .............................................................................. 63 4.2 Mekanisme Pelaksanaan di Daerah ........................................................................... 66 4.3 Mekanisme Pembiayaan ............................................................................................ 67 4.3.1 Sumber dana domestik .................................................................................. 67 4.3.2 Bantuan dan kerjasama luar negeri ............................................................... 68 4.3.3 Sumber dana alternatif ................................................................................... 68 4.4 Mekanisme Pemantauan dan Evaluasi ...................................................................... 69 4.4.1 Prinsip-prinsip pemantauan dan evaluasi ...................................................... 69 4.4.2 Mekanisme dan prosedur .............................................................................. 70 Strategi dan Rencana Tindak Nasional Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Berkelanjutan v DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Luas dan penyebaran lahan gambut tahun 2002 di Pulau Sumatera ................... 72 Lampiran 2. Luas dan penyebaran lahan gambut tahun 2002 di Pulau Kalimantan ................. 75 Lampiran 3. Luas dan penyebaran lahan gambut tahun 2006 di Papua ................................... 78 Lampiran 4. Nilai penting dan pemanfaatan lahan gambut ....................................................... 80 Lampiran 5. Kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan penanganan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia .................................................................................................. 82 Lampiran
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