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ALTERNATION Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa Volume 24 Number 1 (2017) Electronic ISSN 1023-1757

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ALTERNATION Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa Volume 24 Number 1 (2017) Electronic ISSN 1023-1757 ALTERNATION Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa Volume 24 Number 1 (2017) Electronic ISSN 1023-1757 21st Century Geo-political Discourses on India’s Diaspora: Global Perspectives AND Current Trends in Postgraduate Research in the Social Sciences * Alternation is an international journal which publishes interdisciplinary contributions in the fields of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa. * Prior to publication, each publication in Alternation is reviewed by at least two independent peer reviewers. * Alternation is indexed in The Index to South African Periodicals (ISAP) and hosted online on the UKZN platform, on OJS, and by EBSCO * Alternation is published every semester. Special editions may be published p.a. * Alternation was accredited in 1996. EDITOR ASSOCIATE EDITOR Johannes A. Smit (UKZN) Nobuhle P. Hlongwa (UKZN) ASSISTANT EDITOR: Denzil Chetty; ASSISTANT EDITOR: Beverly Vencatsamy Alternation Editorial Committee Catherine Addison (UNIZUL); Nyna Amin (UKZN); Urmilla Bob (UKZN); Denzil Chetty (UNISA); Rubby Dhunpath (UKZN); Judith Lütge Coullie (UCanterbury); Brian Fulela (UKZN); Nobuhle Hlongwa (UKZN); Rembrandt Klopper (UKZN/ UNISA); Sadhana Manik (UKZN); Jabulani Mkhize (UFH); Nhlanhla Mkhize (UKZN); Sikhumbuzo Mngadi (UJ); Shane Moran (UFH); Thabo Msibi (UKZN); Maheshvari Naidu (UKZN); Thengani Harold Ngwenya (DUT); Johannes A. Smit (UKZN); Graham Stewart (DUT); Beverley Vencatsamy (UKZN) Alternation Research Board Salim Akojee (Nottingham, UK); Robert Balfour (North-West University, SA); Lesiba Baloyi (Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, SA); Jaco Beyers (Pretoria, SA); Stephen Bigger (Worcester, SA); Victor M.H. Borden (Indiana, USA); Vivienne Bozalek (UWC, SA); Renato Bulcao de Moraes (Paulista, Brazil); Ezra Chitando (Zimbabwe); Hamish Coates (Melbourne, Aus); Ampie Coetzee (UWC, SA); Scarlett Cornelissen (Stellenbosch, SA); Chats Devroop (UKZN, SA); Simon During (Melbourne, AUS); Farid Esack (UJ, SA); Noel Gough (La Trobe University, Aus); Rosalind I.J. Hackett (Tennessee, USA); Jeanne-Marie Jackson (Johns Hopkins, USA); Tony Jackson (Skyline College, Oakland, NZ); Russell H. Kaschula (Rhodes, SA); Langa Khumalo (UKZN; SA); Elmar Lehmann (Duisberg-Essen, Germany); Janine Lewis (Tshwane University of Technology, SA); Sam Lubbe (Milpark, SA); Sibusiso Masondo (UKZN, SA); Stephan Meyer (Basel, Switzerland); Suriamurthee Moonsamy Maistry (UKZN, SA); Pholoho Morojele (UKZN, SA); Herbert Moyo (UKZN, SA); Wade Nobles (San Francisco State, USA); Maurice Joseph Nutt (Xavier, University of Louisiana, USA); Francis B. Nyamnjoh (UCT, SA); Beatrice Okyere-Manu (UKZN, SA); Bert Olivier (Free State University, SA); Charles O’Neill (British University in Egypt); Vivian Ojong (UKZN, SA); Kriben Pillay (UKZN, SA); Kathleen Pithouse-Morgan (UKZN, SA); Julia Preece (DUT, SA); Geo Quinot (Stellenbosch, SA); Lesibana J. Rafapa (UNISA, SA); Auwais Rafudeen (UNISA, SA); Mogobe Ramose (Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, SA); Erhard Reckwitz (Duisberg-Essen, Germany); Dan Remenyi (UWC/ Dublin); Cornelia Roux (Stellenbosch, SA); Hemduth Rugbeer (UNIZUL, SA); Michael Samuel (UKZN, SA); Federico Settler (UKZN, SA); Anand Singh (UKZN, SA); Lilian C. Siwila (UKZN, SA); Tholene Sodi (Limpopo, SA); Crain Soudien (HSRC, SA); Lesley Stainbank (UKZN/ DUT, SA); Kamilla Swart (American University, Dubai); Nisbert T. Taringa (Zimbabwe); Wilfred Isioma Ukpere (UJ, SA); Goolam Vahed (UKZN, SA); Gina Wisker (Brighton, UK) COVER Tea picker in Mauritius. Photo by Sultan Khan CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS The Editor: Alternation, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Priv. Bag X10, Dalbridge, 4041, DURBAN, South Africa; Tel: +27-(0)31-260-7303; Fax: +27-(0)31-260-7286; Web: http://alternation.ukzn.ac.za e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Print ISSN: 1023-1757; Electronic ISSN: 2519-5476 Copyright Reserved: Alternation Alternation Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa 21st Century Geo-political Discourses on India’s Diaspora: Global Perspectives Guest Editor Nirmala Gopal 2017 CSSALL Durban Acknowledgement of Reviewers We wish to acknowledge the participation of the following reviewers in the production of this issue of Alternation. 21st Century Geo-political Discourses on India’s Diaspora: Global Perspectives Reviewers Rajendra Chetty, Literacy Development & Poverty, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Ashwin Desai, Sociology, University of the Witwatersrand Jayanathan Govender, Industrial, Organization and Labour Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal Nirmala Gopal, Criminology, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pierre Gottschlich, Political Science, University of Rostock Kalpana Hiralal, Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Sultan Khan, Social Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pratap Penumala Kumar – Religion, Philosophy & Classics, University of KwaZulu-Natal Bobby Luthra Sinha, Scientific Commission of Migration, Basel Fatima Mukkadam, Political studies, University of the Witwatersrand Sagie Narsiah, Social Policy, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Lia Rodriguez, Social Sciences, University of Palermo Pragna Rugunanan, Sociology, University of Johannesburg Amit Shankar Saha, English Studies, Seacom Skills University Anand Singh, Anthropology, University of KwaZulu-Natal Ramson Shakti, Education and Social Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Lindy Stiebel, English Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal Alternation 24,1, 2017 Electronic ISSN: 2519-5476 Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa ARTICLES Nirmala Gopal Editorial: 21st Century Geo-political Discourses on India’s Diaspora: A Global Perspective ................................................................................... 1 Rajendra Chetty Critical Identity and Ethical Consciousness in the South African Diaspora ....................................................................................................................... 6 Ashwin Desai and Goolam Vahed The Guptas, the Public Protector’s Report and Capital Accumulation in South Africa ....................................................................... 26 Bobby Luthra Sinha Indian Diaspora Policy and the ‘International Triad’ – Of Voices and Visions beyond Pragmatism ............................................................... 50 Nirmala Gopal and Bonita Marimuthu The ‘Politics’ of South African Indian Identity: Real or Imagined ............................................................................... 76 Fatima Mukaddam The Institution of Marriage: A Case Study on Social Pressures Surrounding Marriage in Muslim Indian Communities in Johannesburg ............................................................................................................ 107 Rajendra Chetty and Kasturi Behari-Leak Fatima Meer’s ‘Train from Hyderabad’: Diaspora, Social Justice, Gender and Political Interventions .............. 127 Susan Julia Chand India and Trinidad & Tobago: Diaspora Building and Diaspora Integration – Implications for Emigration States ...................................... 143 Pragna Rugunanan ‘Fitting In’: Social Cohesion among Skilled Migrant Indian Women and Host Diasporic Communities in South Africa ...................................... 170 Bettina Pahlen and Lindy Stiebel Revisiting Grey Street: The Grey Street Writers Trail in the Context of Urban Regeneration ................................................ 197 Kalpana Hiralal Women in Anti-Colonial and Nationalist Movements: A Comparative Study of India and South Africa ...................................................... 233 Contributors ................................................................................................................ 255 Kalpana Hiralal and Sultan Khan Editorial: Current Trends in Post-graduate Research in the Social Sciences ............................................................................... 263 K. Gopalan Forced Relocations, Memory and Nostalgia amongst Indian South Africans in Post-Apartheid South Africa .................................................................. 270 Divane Nzima Channelling Migrant Remittances from South Africa to Zimbabwe: Opportunities and Obstacles ..................................................................................... 294 Shabnam Shaik HIV/ AIDS and Muslims in South Africa: The ‘Untouchable’ Disease ..................................................................................................................... 314 Yamkela Majikijela and Gabriel Tati Structural Changes in the Participation of African Migrants in the Labour Force of South Africa (2001 – 2011) ..................... 336 Contributors ................................................................................................................ 367 PRINT CONNECTION Tel (031) 202-7766; 202-7766 Editorial: 21st Century Geo-political Discourses on India’s Diaspora: Global Perspectives Nirmala Gopal Diaspora studies endeavours to understand and describe transnational experiences of migration within an inter-disciplinary perspective among fields as diverse as literature and cultural studies, economics, anthropology, and sociology. Scholarly studies of migrations, as is present in diaspora criticism, are not, and cannot be, a system of ordered and forced rules or critical regulations. The fluctuating nature of the material, and the constantly changing quality of international evidence and
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