Análisis Estratigráfico De Los Depósitos Cretácicos, San Juan Del Cesar, La Guajira, Colombia

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Análisis Estratigráfico De Los Depósitos Cretácicos, San Juan Del Cesar, La Guajira, Colombia ANÁLISIS ESTRATIGRÁFICO DE LOS DEPÓSITOS CRETÁCICOS, SAN JUAN DEL CESAR, LA GUAJIRA, COLOMBIA Rina Paola Sierra Peralta Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Geociencias Bogotá, Colombia 2018 ANÁLISIS ESTRATIGRÁFICO DE LOS DEPÓSITOS CRETÁCICOS, SAN JUAN DEL CESAR, LA GUAJIRA, COLOMBIA Rina Paola Sierra Peralta Tesis o trabajo de investigación presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Ciencias - Geología Director: Dr. rer. nat. Pedro Patarroyo Línea de Investigación: Estratigrafía y sedimentología Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Geociencias Bogotá, Colombia 2018 “A tío Chano y Mamá Celé. Porque siento la necesidad de seguir honrándoles. Un abrazo en la inmensidad”. Resumen A los depósitos del Cretácico, que afloran entre los municipios de San Juan del Cesar, Distracción, Fonseca y alrededores, sur del departamento de La Guajira, en medio de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (al occidente) y Serranía del Perijá (al oriente), se les realizó un análisis estratigráfico mediante trabajo de campo, análisis petrográfico de las secciones delgadas, secciones pulidas y recobro de fósiles. En los sectores El Silencio (Distracción) y la cantera El Deseo (San Juan del Cesar), se midieron 149,17 y 64,67 metros de espesor respectivamente. Las columnas estratigráficas de la zona de estudio se complementaron con afloramientos aislados en los sectores El Reventón, Puente El Guanábano, a lo largo de la vía que comunica a San Juan del Cesar con Distracción y en el arroyo El Mamón (vereda El Jagüey, Fonseca). La sucesión estratigráfica, en general, consiste de un nivel siliciclástico y una serie de niveles calcáreos que varían entre wackestone y packstone, en escasos segmentos mudstone con amonitas del Albiano inferior a medio. Parengonoceras, Platiknemiceras, Carloscaceresiceras, Prolyelliceras?, Eubrancoceras, Hysteroceras y Oxytropidoceras así lo confirman. La sucesión del Cretácico inferior se encuentra infrayacida, en contacto discordante, por rocas andesíticas de textura porfiroafanítica y tonalidades oscuras. Para los depósitos cretácicos investigados, a partir de la información recopilada en campo, las descripciones petrográficas realizadas y el rango estratigráfico asignado, se pueden reconocer características equivalentes a las unidades litoestratigráficas Río Negro y Cogollo presentes al oriente, en la Serranía del Perijá. Los ambientes sedimentarios interpretados, corresponden principalmente a depósitos marinos tanto para el nivel siliciclástico y los niveles calcáreos, desde frente de playa hasta plataforma interna de carbonatos. Ambientes de depósito que están asociados al ingreso paulatino del mar, en donde la transgresión durante el Albiano, hace que se profundice el fondo del depósito. Palabras claves: análisis estratigráfico, Cretácico, formaciones Río Negro y Cogollo. San Juan del Cesar, Distracción. (La Guajira-Colombia). VII Abstract A stratigraphic analysis based on field work, petrography of thin sections, polished sections, and macrofossils was done on the Cretaceous deposits exposed in the municipalties of San Juan del Cesar, Distracción, and Fonseca, south of the La Guajira Department, west of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and east of the Serrania del Perijá. At El Silencio (Distracción) and El Deseo quarry (San Juan del Cesar), 149.17 and 64.67 meters of stratigraphic section were measured, respectively. In order to complement, the stratigraphic column in these two areas, isolated rock outcrops exposed near El Reventón, Puente El Guanábano, and along the road that connects San Juan del Cesar and Distracción, and in the El Mamón Creek (El Jagüey village, Fonseca) were described and recorded. The stratigraphic succesion consists of one silisiclatic level and a series of calcareous levels that texturally range from wackestone to packestone, and rare levels of mudstone with ammonites of lower and middle Albian age. The presence of the Parengonoceras, Platiknemiceras, Carloscaceresiceras, Prolyelliceras?, Eubrancoceras and Oxytropidoceras are consistent with this interpretation. The lower Cretaceous succesion is underlaid, in nonconformable contact, by fine-grain andesites of dark color. Field observations, petrography analysis, and the age range assigned to the rocks herein studied allow for a confident correlation of these rocks and the litostratigraphic units Rio Negro and Cogollo that are exposed to the east in the Serrania del Perijá. For the silisiclastic and calcareous levels, the environment of deposition is interpreted as marine, ranging from shoreface to the inner part of a carbonate platform. These environments of deposition are associated to a rapid flooding of the continental shelf and attendant deepenig of the basin that took place in several parts of Colombia during the Albian. Keywords: stratigraphic analysis, Cretaceous, Río Negro and Cogollo formations, San Juan del Cesar, Distracción (La Guajira-Colombia). VIII ANÁLISIS ESTRATIGRÁFICO DE LOS DEPÓSITOS CRETÁCICOS, SAN JUAN DEL CESAR, LA GUAJIRA, COLOMBIA Contenido Introducción ................................................................................................................ 17 1. Objetivos ................................................................................................................ 19 1.1. Objetivo General .................................................................................................. 19 1.2. Objetivos Específicos ........................................................................................... 19 2. Localización ........................................................................................................... 20 3. Antecedentes ......................................................................................................... 21 4. Metodología ........................................................................................................... 26 5. Marco Geológico .................................................................................................... 31 5.1. Serranía del Perijá ............................................................................................... 32 5.2. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta ............................................................................. 37 5.3. Nomenclatura estratigráfica ................................................................................. 42 6. Resultados ............................................................................................................. 43 6.1. Secciones estratigráficas ..................................................................................... 43 6.2. Análisis petrográfico ............................................................................................. 62 6.2.1. División microfacial .......................................................................................... 68 6.2.1.1. Litoarenita con cemento calcáreo .................................................................. 71 6.2.1.2. Cuarzoarenita con glauconita y moscovita .................................................... 72 6.2.1.3. Micrita arenosa .............................................................................................. 74 6.2.1.4. Biomicrita empaquetada de bivalvos ............................................................. 76 6.2.1.5. Biomicrita dispersa de bivalvos ..................................................................... 78 6.2.1.6. Micrita fosilífera ............................................................................................. 80 6.2.1.7. Biomicrita dispersa de foraminíferos ............................................................. 81 6.2.1.8. Biomicrita empaquetada de foraminíferos ..................................................... 82 6.2.2. Relaciones composicionales ........................................................................... 83 IX ANÁLISIS ESTRATIGRÁFICO DE LOS DEPÓSITOS CRETÁCICOS, SAN JUAN DEL CESAR, LA GUAJIRA, COLOMBIA 6.2.2.1. Calcita-cuarzo ............................................................................................... 83 6.2.2.2. Aloquímicos-ortoquímicos ............................................................................. 84 6.2.2.3. Constituyentes aloquímicos ........................................................................... 84 6.2.3. Diagénesis ...................................................................................................... 86 6.3. Contenido fósil ..................................................................................................... 89 7. Discusión ............................................................................................................... 95 Conclusiones ............................................................................................................ 103 Agradecimientos ....................................................................................................... 106 Bibliografía ................................................................................................................ 107 Anexos...................................................................................................................... 112 X ANÁLISIS ESTRATIGRÁFICO DE LOS DEPÓSITOS CRETÁCICOS, SAN JUAN DEL CESAR, LA GUAJIRA, COLOMBIA Listado de figuras Figura 1. Localización del área de estudio en Global Mapper 18. ................................... 20 Figura 2. Columna estratigráfica generalizada.
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