Abstract Book of the Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices

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S y s s e te c m vi s, De Signals &

Abstract Book of the Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices

March 22-25, 2021

Monastir, Tunisia

i ISBN: 978-9973-959-43-0 (Print) ISBN: 978-9973-959-44-7 (Electronic)

ii 18th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices (SSD’21) March 22–25, 2021, Monastir, Tunisia Organized by:

University of Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ing´enieurs de Sfax (Tunisia), Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, (Germany), Technische Universit¨at Chemnitz (Germany), Philadelphia University (Jordan), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dahran, (Saudi Arabia). University of Ziane Achour, Djelfa, (Algeria).

Supported by:

IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society IEEE Power Electronics Society IEEE Industry Application Society IEEE Tunisia Section IEEE Alegria Section IEEE Germany Section, IM Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, EMB Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, NANO Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, CAS Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, SSC Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, CIS Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, PES Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, CS Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, RA Chapter IEEE Tunisia Section, SP Chapter

Sponsored by:

Tunisian Association of Applied Sciences and Technologies (ATSAT) Djelfa Info, Algeria

iii Preface

Following the success of SSD’01 held in Hammamet-Tunisia, the eighteenth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices - SSD’21 to be held in Monastir, Tunisia, from 22nd to the 25th of March 2021. The conference program consists of 4 plenary session, 12 Keynote Lectures and 34 oral sessions. SSD’21 multi-conference is organized to include 4 conferences covering diﬀerent fundamental and applied aspects:

1 “Int. Conf. on Systems, Automation & Control” (SAC) 2 “Int. Conf. on Conference on Power Systems & Smart Energies” (PSE) 3 “Int. Conf. on Communication, Signal Processing & Information Technology” (CSP) 4 “Int. Conf. on Sensors, Circuits and Instrumentation Systems” (SCI)

SSD’21 secretariat has received 352 submissions from 45 countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Latvia, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Palestine, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom (Great Britain), USA, Vietnam. Each paper has been reviewed by at least two reviewers of the program committee which consisted of more than 100 scientists from more than 30 countries. Only 236 papers have been accepted.

We would like to express our deep gratitude to all chairs and members of the program committee for their substantial reviews. Special thanks are due to all members of the organizing committees for their determination to make this event a promising success.

Finally, we would like to extend our deep gratitude to all those who have contributed to the ﬁnancial support of SSD’21.

Professors Jawhar Ghommam, Olfa Kanoun and Kasim Mousa Al-Aubidy

Monastir, Tunisia

March, 2021

iv General Informations Location

SSD Multiconference has been held in Monastir, Tunisia. Monastir occupies a privileged geographical position between the center and the south of Tunisia, with a wide opening on the Mediterranean. Monastir is surrounded by Sousse to the north, Mahdia to the south, Kairouan to the west and the mediterranea see to the east. Monastir is about 170 km south of Tunis, 20 km south of Sousse, 40 km north of Mahdia, 140 km north of Sfax, 70 km east of Kairouan. With its golden beaches and sapphire blue sea, its medieval monuments and its charming marina, Monastir offers one of the most attractive faces of Tunisia. An ideal destination to sun yourself by the sea, but also to visit a fascinating region: from Sousse to Kairouan, from El-Djem to Mahdia, you will travel through time. In the countryside, you will get to know the way of life of the Bedouin villages. And along the coast, the fishing ports will enchant you. Explore the beautiful walk along the seafront: the marina, the esplanade of the Ribat, the cemetery dominated by the narrow minarets and the mausoleum of Bourguiba. Climb the 90 steep steps to the watchtower of the Ribat for a panoramic view of the city and surrounding beaches to take your breath away. Admire the old golden stones of its towers, its battlements and of the neighbouring mosque. Then delve into the cobbled streets of the medina. Comb through the souks where the stalls are full of perfumed spices and beautiful crafts: leather bags, blankets, woven baskets, etc., Pay a visit to the lively quays and the fishing harbour. Next, let yourself be seduced by Monastir’s surroundings. The city is surrounded by farming villages and orchards, while the coastal road follows a string of charming coves and beaches. Monastir offers an abundance of fresh produce which is prepared in a variety of ways. You may get the chance to taste a local speciality, couscous with little charkaw fish: seasoned with salt and pepper, they are steamed with the couscous, then garnish the dish with bell peppers and squash. In Monastir, all the produce from the sea is showcased, such as grilled seabass and seabream, fried or stewed octopus or squid etc. The region is famous for its vegetable crops: enjoy the springtime stew marqet khodra, lamb simmered with broad beans and seasonal vegetables. In the medina, close to the beaches and on the docks of the marina, you will find all manner of restaurants to cater to your every gastronomical taste. All along the fine sandy beaches of Skanes, the hotels are abundant. The available choice goes from typical hotel stay to all inclusive vacation. Sports, entertainment, international cuisine etc., these establishments are perfect for summer holidays as a family or for long stays in the winter sun. In Monastir’s medina, a stone’s throw from the town centre, you have the option of an aparthotel: this choice allows you the independence of staying in a private apartment combined with the services of a hotel establishment. The name of Monastir originates from a monastery in the Byzantine era. The spiritual purpose of the site continued, as in the following centuries, a community of Muslim aesthetics settled there. The city developed around its Ribat, a small fort constructed in the 8th century to protect this community. The building was later expanded by the sultans of Tunis then again by the Ottomans. Its primitive seed is now a museum: visitors can see rare artifacts, such as a magnificent astrolabe made in Cordoba in the 10th century. Monastir’s second famous monument is a mausoleum with golden domes, that of Habib Bourguiba. Father of Tunisian independence, born in Monastir, Bourguiba profoundly affected modern Tunisia thanks to his policies of education, social development and female liberation. It is possible to visit his mausoleum-museum as well as his former summer residence, a futuristic palace from the 1960s. One of the most extraordinary fortresses of the Maghrebian coast, the Ribat of Monastir is a labyrinth of courtyards, of rounded and square towers and crenellated walls. Originally, however, it was nothing but a small fort like all the others that existed along the Tunisian coast; the one in Sousse still retains its original form: These buildings, the ribats, served as a place for spiritual retreat for the Sufi aesthetics. Their guardians prayed, received students and thinkers, and protected the population in the case of an invasion attempt. They played a useful role in surveillance; from the high tower, it was possible to send signals with light to warn of danger coming from the sea. The city of Monastir enjoyed great religious prestige: it was “the gateway to paradise” according to one proverb. In addition, its Ribat reached considerable dimensions over the course of the years, until it became the monument we flock to today with pleasure. Monastir is served by Habib Bourguiba international airport located just a few minutes from the hotels. A regional train line allows for easy access to Sousse and Mahdia passing through the villages of Moknine (pottery workshops) and Lemta (archaeological sites). It is also possible to get around by louage, and in town, by taxi.

v The Host Country Tunisia Oﬃcial Language:

The oﬃcial language in Tunisia is Arabic. The second language is French and is spoken by almost all people. The third language, which is taught at school until baccalaureate is English. Note that the oﬃcial language of the SSD is English. Currency Exchange:

The exchange rates to and from e and US$ are approximately:

1 TND ≃ 0.31 e 1 e ≃ 3.27 TND 1 TND ≃ 0.37 US$ 1 US$ ≃ 2.7 TND

Conference Web-Site

◮ www.ssd-conf.org

vi General Chairs

Jawhar Ghommam (Oman), Olfa Kanoun (Germany) and Kasim Mousa Al-Aubidy (Jordan) General Co-Chairs

Mohamed Deriche (Saudi Arabia), Abdul-Wahid Al-Saif (Saudi Arabia), Faouzi Derbel (Germany) Honorary Chair

Hans-Rolf Tr¨ankler (Germany) Nabil Derbel (Tunisia) International Steering Committee

Al-Aubidy, Kasim Mousa ...... (Jordan) Fischerauer, Gerhard ...... (Germany) Al-Dhaifallah, Mujahed ...... (Saudi Arabia) Ghommam, Jawhar ...... (Tunisia) Al-Saif, Abdul-Wahid ...... (Saudi Arabia) Ibnkahla, Mohamed ...... (Canada) Bani Younis, Mohammad ...... (Jordan) Kanoun, Olfa ...... (Germany) Cuadras, Angel ...... (Spain) Kouzou, Abdallah ...... (Algeria) Daoud, Omar ...... (Jordan) Martinez Salamero, Luis ...... (Spain) Derbel, Faouzi ...... (Germany) Melchior, Pierre ...... (France) Derbel, Nabil ...... (Tunisia) Nouri, Ahmed Said ...... (Tunisia) Deriche, Mohamed ...... (Saudi Arabia) Soulaiman, Basel ...... (France) Djemel, Mohamed ...... (Tunisia) Souﬁ, Youcef ...... (Algeria) Feki, Moez ...... (Tunisia) Trabelsi, Hafedh ...... (Tunisia)

Ambassadors

Al-Khawaldeh, Mustafa Awwad ...... (Jordan) Komurcugil, Hasan ...... (Turkey) Al-Said Ahmad, Amro ...... (Jordan) Kunicina, Nadezhda ...... (Latvia) Bozed, Kenz Amhmed ...... (Libya) Li, Xiao ...... (USA) Brahmi, Brahim ...... (Canada) Liu, Yushan ...... (China) Dhaouadi, Rached ...... (UAE) Machmoum, Mohamed ...... (France) Iftikhar, Lamia ...... (Bangladesh) Mekhilef, Saad ...... (Malaya) Jamel, Thamer M...... (Iraq) Mudheher Raafat, Safanah ...... (Iraq) Jasinski, Marek ...... (Poland) Puig, Vicen¸c ...... (Spain) Kalam, Akhtar ...... (Australia) Yusuﬀ, Adedayo ...... (South Africa ) Kalezhi, Josephat ...... (Zambia) Zerek, Amer Ragab ...... (Libya) Kanaan, Hadi Y...... (Lebanon) Organizing Committee

Djemel, Mohamed Bouall`egue, Gaith Jallouli, Rim Kallel, Amin Maalej, Boutheina Medhaﬀar, Hanene Naifar, Omar Zaway, Intissar

vii Conference on Systems, Automation & Control

Conference Chairs:

Ahmed Said Nouri (Tunisia) Mohamed Ksantini (Tunisia) Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah (Saudi Arabia)

Scientiﬁc Program Committee: Abdel-Hafez, Mamoun F. (UAE) Ben Hadj Bra¨ıek, Naceur (Tunisia) Ghommam, Jawhar (Tunisia) Abdelkrim, Mohamed Naceur (Tunisia) Benbrahim, Mohammed (Morocco) Gorial, Ivan Isho (Turkey) Abido, Mohamed (Saudi Arabia) Benjelloun, Khalid (Morocco) Ibrir, Salim (Saudi Arabia) Acosta, Gerardo (Argentina) Bettayeb, Maamar (UAE) Iftekhar, Lamia (Bangladesh) Ahmad, Abdallah Masoud (Saudi Arabia) Bouani, Faouzi (Tunisia) Kousa, Maan Abdulgade (Saudi Arabia) Al Dhaifallah, Mujahid (Saudi Arabia) Boubaker, Olfa (Tunisia) Ksantini, Mohamed (Tunisia) Al Shehri, Khalid (Saudi Arabia) Boukhnifer, Moussa (France) Mahir, Rami A. (Jordan) Al-Aubidy, Kasim Mousa (Jordan) Bouteraa, Yassine (Saudi Arabia) Medhaﬀar, Hanene (Tunisia) Aldheefallah , Mujahed (Saudi Arabia) Brahmi, Brahim (Canada) Melchior, Pierre (France) Ali, Mohammad M. (Jordan) Castillo-Toledo, Bernardino (Mexico) Mnif, Fai¸cal (Oman) Alimi, Adel (Tunisia) Chaabane, Mohamed (Tunisia) Msahli, Faouzi (Tunisia) Aljamaan, Ibrahim (Saudi Arabia) Chemori, Ahmed (France) Mysorewala, Muhammad (Saudi Arabia) Al-Saif, Abdulwahid (Saudi Arabia) Choura, Slim (Tunisia) Nouri, Ahmed Said (Tunisia) Al-Yazidi, Nezar (Saudi Arabia) Chtourou, Mohamed (Tunisia) Rahman, Mohamed H. (USA) Amairi, Messaoud (Tunisia) Derbel, Nabil (Tunisia) Rokbani, Nizar (Tunisia) Ammar, Boudour (Tunisia) Djemel, Mohamed (Tunisia) Saad, Maarouf (Canada) Amur Al-Yahmedi (Oman) El Ferik, Sami (Saudi Arabia) Safanah, Mudheher Raafat (Iraq) Bani Younis, Mohammed (Jordan) Elalfy, Elsayed (Saudi Arabia) Tanner, Harbert (USA) Bashmal, Salem (Saudi Arabia) Elshafei, Moustafa (Egypt) Tutunji, Tarek A. ( Jordan) Ben Abdennour, Ridha (Tunisia) Fareh, Raouf (UAE) Zaier, Riadh (Oman) Ben Ali, Abderraouf (France) Farza, Mondher (France) Isho, Ivan (Iraq) Ben Amar, Faiz (France) Gauthier, Guy (Canada)

Topics: • Intelligent control • Control approaches – Fuzzy systems & fuzzy control – Adaptive control – Neuro-fuzzy systems – Distributed control – Learning processes in control – Geometric control – Neural Networks & Neural control – Optimal & stochastic control – Machine learning & artificial intelligence in control – Predictive control • Complex systems – Robust control – Analysis & control of large-scale autonomous networks – Sliding mode control – Control & dynamics of domplex network systems – System optimization – Agent-based control systems – Fractional order systems – Discrete event systems • Faulty systems – Hierarchical & man-machine systems – Fault detection, diagnosis & pronostics – Infinite dimension systems – Fault tolerant control – Biological & economical models & control – Machine learning for fault detection & diagnosis – Biology-based and behavioral control • Robotics & automation • Linear & nonlinear system analysis – Robotics – Advances in linear systems – Traffic control – Nonlinear systems – Unmanned aerial vehicles – System identification – Mechatronics – Hybrid systems

viii Conference on Power Systems & Smart Energies

Conference Chairs: Hafedh Trabelsi (Tunisia) Abdallah Kouzou (Algeria)

Scientific Program Committee: Alazzawi, Wagah F. (Jordan) El-Badsi, Bassem (Tunisia) Li, Xiao (USA) Al-Muhaini, Mohammed (Saudi Arabia) Elleuch, Mohamed (Tunisia) Liu, Liushan (China) Ayadi, Moez (Tunisia) Fhaeb, Jasim Abdullah (Jordan) Maher, Rami (Jordan) Ayob, Shahrin bin Md. (Malaysia) Ghodbane, Fathi (Tunisia) Masmoudi, Ahmed (Tunisia) Babaie, Ebrahim (Iran) Guermazi, Abdessattar (Tunisia) Mekhilef, Saad (Malaysia) Bahi, Tahar (Algeria) Guzinski, Jaroslow (Poland) Mimouni, Mohamed Faouzi (Tunisia) Belhadj, Chokri (KSA) Hadj Abdallah, Hsan (Tunisia) Morawiec, Marcin (Poland) Belhaj Ahmed, Chokri (Saudi Arabia) Hafai, Ahmed (Algeria) Néji, Rafik (Tunisia) Belhaj Slama, Jelel (Tunisia) Hafaifa, Ahmed (Algeria) Obaidat, Firas (Jordan) Belkhodja Slama, Ilhem (Tunisia) Iqbal, Atif (Qatar) Olabi, Abdul Ghani (UAE) Ben Attia Sethom, Houda (Tunisia) Jasinski, Marek (Poland) Orabi, Mohamed (Egypt) Ben Salem, Fatma (Tunisia) Jelassi, Khaled (Tunisia) Putrus, Ghanim (UK) Besbes, Mondher (France) Kalam, Akhtar (Australia) Rahmani, Salem (Tunisia) Betka, Achour (Algeria) Kannan, Hadi (Lebenan) Romero-Cadaval, Enrique (Spain) Bettayeb, Maamar (UAE) Khalid, Muhammad (Saudi Arabia) Sbita, Lassaad (Tunisia) Boukettaya, Ghada (Tunisia) Khan, Mohammed Arif (Fiji) Sertac, Bayhan (Qatar) Boussak, Mohamed (France) Khan, Rizwan (India) Soufi, Youcef (Algeria) Braham, Ahmed (Tunisia) Kolodziejek, Piotr (Poland) Toual, Belgacem (Algeria) Bruno Fran¸cois (France) Komurcugil, Hasan (Turkey) Trabelsi, Hafedh (Tunisia) Cardoso, Antonio J. Marques (Portugal) Koubaa, Yassine (Tunisia) Vinnikov, Dimitri (Estonia) Chebbi, Souad (Tunisia) Kouzou, Abdellah (Algeria) Williamson, Sheldon (Canada) Dhaouadi, Rached (UAE) Krichen, Lotfi (Tunisia) Yangui, Abderrazak (Tunisia) Dhifaoui, Rachid (Tunisia) Kunicina, Nadezhda (Latvia) Yusuff, Adedayo (South Africa) Diallo, Demba (France) Laaroussi, Kouider (Algeria) Khedher, Adel (Tunisia) Dris, Said (Algeria) Lakhdar, Mokrani (Algeria) Mekhaldi, Abdelouahab (Algeria) El Amraoui, Lilia (Tunisia) Lam, Chi-Seng (China) Sallem, Souhir (Tunisia) El-Aroudi, Abdellali (Spain) Lewicki, Arkadiusz (Poland) Mansouri, Ali (Tunisia)

Topics: • Electric Machines • Renewable energy systems – Modeling & design – Photovoltaic systems – Machine control – Concentrated solar plants – Variable speed drives – Wind energy – Special machines – Tide & wind energy • Power electronics – Smart grids & distribution networks – Converters – Grid connected power electronics converters – Multilevel inverters – Hybrid and storage systems – Electromagnetic compatibility – Fuel cells – Facts • Automotive power systems – Semiconductor devices – Hybrid electric vehicle • Power Systems – Electric vehicle and safety – Distributed power systems – Storage systems in EV – Smart grid & security – Flywheel Energy – Micro-Grids & virtual power plants • Monitoring and diagnosis – Transformers – Variable speed drives and monitoring – Power quality – Fault detection and diagnosis – Measurements & protection – Predictive diagnosis – DC micro-grid – Tolerent control – Reconﬁguration & power ﬂow solutions – Pronostics – Storage systems

ix Conference on Communication, Signal Processing & Information Technology

Conference Chairs: Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara (Tunisia) Ines Kammoun Jemal (Tunisia) Omar Daoud (Jordan)

Scientific Program Committee: Al-Ani, Muzhir Shaban (Iraq) Chelali, Zohra (Algeria) Maaref, Hichem (France) Al-Aubidy, Kasim M. (Jordan) Daoud, Omar (Jordan) Mahir, Rami A. (Jordan) Alimi, Adel (Tunisia) Derbel, Faouzi (Germany) Masmoudi, Nouri (Tunisia) Al-Jubori, Karim (Iraq) Deriche, Mohamed (Saudi Arabia) Mesbah, Wessam Ali (Saudi Arabia) Alouini, Mohamed-Slim (Saudi Arabia) Djemel, Khalifa (France) Muqaibel, Ali Hussein (Saudi Arabia) Al-Said Ahmad, Amro (Jordan) Drira, Khalil (France) Najjar, Leila (Tunisia) Al-Shaikhi, Ali (Saudi Arabia) Elshafei, Moustafa (Egypt) Nayyar, Anand (Vietnam) Al-Taee, Majid (UK) Ghezal, Adel (Tunisia) Ouarda, Wael (Tunisia) Aribi, Yassine (Tunisia) Hadid, Abdenour (Finland) Ouni, Kais (Tunisia) Ammar, Boudour (Tunisia) Hammouda, Soumaya (Tunisia) Ruan, Su (France) Baccour, Nouha (Tunisia) Hamrouni, Kamel (Tunisia) Sellami, Dorra (Tunisia) Ben Amar, Chokri (Tunisia) Ibnkahla, Mohamed (Canada) Sellami, Mokhtar (Algeria) Ben Amara Essoukri, Najoua (Tunisia) Kallel Khanfir, Imène (Tunisia) Siala, Mohamed (Tunisia) Besbes, Kamel (Tunisia) Kammoun Jemal, Inès (Tunisia) Thamer M. Jamel (Iraq) Bossé, Eloi´ (Canada) Kamoun, Faouzi (Tunisia) Wali, Ali (Tunisia) Bouslama, Faouzi (Canada) Kamoun, Lotfi (Tunisia) Zerek, Amer Ragab (Libya) Bozed, Kenz Ahmed (Libya) Kheriji, Sabrine (Germany) Zerguine, Azzedine (Saudi Arabia) Chaib, Noureddine (Algeria) Khlifa, Nawres (Tunisia) Zidouri, Abdelmalek (Saudi Arabia)

Topics: • Signal, image & video processing: • Emerging Technology Applications – Theory & methods – Big data analytics – Speech, audio & acoustic – Cloud computing – Image, video & multidimensional signal processing – Cyber security – Biomedical Signal & Image Processing – Machine learning models • Signal processing for IoT – Artiﬁcial intelligence technology – Wireless sensors networks – Distributed & real time systems – Smart systems – Augmented & virtual reality – E-health & health informatics – Geographical information systems – Smart cities • Engineering Education – Energy eﬃciency & sustainability in the IoT – E-Learning & blended learning – IoT security – Remotes laboratories • Signal processing for communications – Multidisciplinary education – Optical systems – Undergraduate research – Radar & sonar systems – Strategic planning – Wireless communications – Curriculum of engineering studies – Design & implementation – Engineering design programs – Accreditation of engineering programs

x Conference on Sensors, Circuits & Instrumentation Systems

Conference Chairs: Imed Ben Dhaou (Saudi Arabia) Brahim Mezghani (Tunisia) Mounir Ben Ali (Tunisia)

Scientiﬁc Program Committee:

Abid, Mohamed (Tunisia) Ebaid, Monzer (Jordan) Mezghani, Brahim (Tunisia) Al-Khawaldeh, Mustafa Awwad (Jordan) Ebrahimi, Masoumeh (Sweden) Mnif, Hassene (Tunisia) Al-Naimi, Ibrahim (Jordan) Errachid, Abdelhamid (France) Mukhopadhyay, Subhas (New Zeland) Al-Naimin Ibrahim (Jordan) Fakhfakh, Ahmed (Tunisia) Naifar, Slim (Germany) Ameur, Sami (Tunisia) Fischerauer, Gerhard (Germany) Ozegbe, Chukwuma (USA) Ando, Bruno (Italy) Fourati, Najla (France) Parvis, Marco (Italy) Ben Ali, Mounir (Tunisia) Fröhlich, Thomas (Germany) Paterno, Leonardo (Brazil) Ben Dahou, Imed (Saoudi Arabia) Gerlach, Gerald (Germany) Piuri, Vincenzo (Italy) Benbrahim, Mohammed Reda (Morocco) Ghaffari, Fakhreddine (France) Postolache, Octavian (Portugal) Besbes, Kamel (Tunisia) Groza, Voicu (Canada) Reindl, Leonhard (Germany) Bouhamed, Ayda (Germany) Himmel, Jörg (Germany) Sanka, Ravi (India) Bradai, Sonia (Germany) Hwang, Chi Hung (Taiwan) Silva Girao, Pedro (Portugal) Catunda, Sebastian Yuri (Brazil) Ibbin, Mohammed Salman (Jordan) Tlili, Chaker (China) Chaari, Lamia (Tunisia) Jafrezic Renault, Nicole (France) Trabelsi, Hatem (Tunisia) Cuadras, Angel (Spain) Kanoun, Olfa (Germany) Tuan, Nguyen Gia (Finland) Demidenko, Serge (Malaisia) Korpa, Yuroslav (Ukrane) Xiao, Pei (UK) Derbel, Faouzi (Germany) Lay-Ekuakille, Aimé(Italy) Yakoubi, Nourdin (France) Dixit, Pradeep (India) Mailly, Frédéric (France) Yan, Ruqiang (China) Dridi, Cherif (Tunisia) Malak, Jihen (Tunisia) Zerrouki, Chouki (France) Ebaid , Munzer (Jordan) Masmoudi, Mohamed (Tunisia)

Topics: • Physical and chemical sensors • Electronic systems and technologies – Mechanical and flow sensors – Design, modeling and simulation – Position and Radar sensors – Custom and semi-custom circuits – Temperature and humidity sensors – Packaging and reliability – Electrochemical and biomedical sensors – Materials, devices and interconnects – Ultrasonic and acoustic sensors – Analog and mixed circuits design – Magnetic and electromagnetic field sensors – Low-voltage, low-power VLSI design – Optical and photonic sensors – Resonators and oscillators – Surface acoustic wave sensors – Sensor communication circuits • Measurement methods and metrology – Circuit test and device characterization – Spectroscopy methods and systems • Sensor Systems for IoT – Optical methods and systems – Low-power sensor networks – Impedance spectroscopy – Sensor telemetry and monitoring – Metrology and measurement uncertainty – Energy harvesting and conversion • Sensors and circuits technology – Energy management for low power systems – MEMS and NEMS technology – Energy saving strategies – Molecular electronics – Analog and digital low-power electronics – Polymer sensors, actuators and electronics – Soft sensors – Actuators and actuator technologies • Sensor and Instrumentation Applications – Optoelectronic devices – Industry and robotics – Microfluidic and lab-on-chip devices – Medicine and health – Additive manufacturing – Agriculture and environment – Sensor testing and evaluation – Mobility and automotive – Aging, reliability, stability and EMC – Smart grids • Sensor and measurement systems – Smart buildings – Signal conditioning and interface electronics – Smart cities – Conversion and digitalization – Safety and security – Data acquisition and distributed measurements – Embedded systems – Sensor arrays and matrices – Multi sensor system – Sensor signal processing and modeling – Multi sensor data fusion – Design & implementation

xi SSD’21: Multi-Conference Program

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Date March 22 March 23 March 24 March 25 Time 08:30 Opening Keynote Sessions 1 Keynote Sessions 2 Plenary Session 4 09:15 Plenary Session 1 10:15 Parallel Sessions Parallel Sessions Parallel Sessions SAC3, PSE3, SAC5, PSE5, SAC7, PSE8, Break CSP4, CSP5, SCI3 CSP7, SCI5 CSP9, SCI7 10:30 11:15

Parallel Sessions Break Break Break 11:30 SAC1, PSE1, CSP1, CSP2, SCI1 Parallel Sessions Parallel Sessions Parallel Sessions SAC4, PSE4, SAC6, PSE6, PSE7, SAC8, PSE9, 12:30 CSP6, SCI4 CSP8, SCI6 CSP10, SCI8 Break 13:00

Parallel Sessions Break Break 13:30 SAC2, PSE2, Closure CSP3, SCI2 Plenary Session 3 Keynote Sessions 3 14:30 Plenary Session 2 15:30 PhD Undergraduate Student Student Workshop Contest Competition

17:00 SSD 18:00 Meeting

xii Abstracts

Plenary and Keynote Lectures

Reference: (PL-1) Title: The promise of deep learning in multimodality medical image analysis Author(s): Habib Zaidi (Switzerland) Abstract – This talk presents the fundamental principles and major applications of artificial intelligence (AI), in particular deep learning approaches, in multimodality medical image analysis research. To this end, the applications of deep learning in five generic fields of multimodality medical imaging, including imaging instrumentation design, image denoising (low-dose imaging), image reconstruction quantification and segmentation, radiation dosimetry and computer-aided diagnosis and outcome prediction are discussed. Deep learning algorithms have been widely utilized in various medical image analysis problems owing to the promising results achieved in image reconstruction, segmentation, regression, denoising (low-dose scanning) and radiomics analysis. This talk reflects the tremendous increase in interest in quantitative molecular imaging using deep learning techniques in the past decade to improve image quality and to obtain quantitatively accurate data from dedicated combined PET/CT and PET/MR systems including algorithms used to correct for physical degrading factors and to quantify tracer uptake and volume for radiation therapy treatment planning. The majority of AI-related works in the literature report on single-institution efforts under controlled conditions (e.g. diversity of patient population or image quality). The challenge of performance/bias assessment of AI approaches under realistically diverse conditions (e.g. multi-centre studies) warrants further investigation. The performance of AI algorithms depends largely on the training data used for model development. As such, the analysis of risks associated with the deployment of AI-based methods when exposed to a different test dataset to ensure that the developed model has sufficient generalizability is an important part of quality control measures that need to be implemented prior to their use in the clinic. Novel deep learning techniques are revolutionizing clinical practice and are now offering unique capabilities to the clinical molecular imaging community and biomedical researchers at large. Future opportunities and the challenges facing the adoption of deep learning approaches and their role in molecular imaging research are also addressed.

Reference: (PL-2) Title: The output regulation problem: classical results and new trends Author(s): Bernardino Castillo-Toledo (Mexico) Abstract – In this talk, we will review the problem of tracking a reference signal, while maintaining closed- loop stability, even in the presence of disturbances, both signals, the reference and disturbances generated by an exogenous system, called the exosystem. We will formulate the classical state-feedback/output feedback regulation problem for linear systems, and then recall the conditions for the solvability of both problems. The case of robust regulation in the presence of parameter variations will also be reviewed, and the results will be stated in terms of the so-called immersion dynamics. Also, the nonlinear regulation systems will be then presented, and a review of some important results both for continuous and discrete systems will be given. To conclude, we will present new trends in the problem, and give a few open problems in the matter.

Reference: (PL-3) Title: Smart Grid as the Next Energy Paradigm Author(s): Abu-Rub Haitham (Qatar) Abstract – The smart grid has been called “electricity with a brain”, the “energy Internet” and the “Elec- tronet”. Basically, the smart grid integrates electricity and information and communication infrastructures to produce electricity more efficiently and reliably, as well as cleanly and safely for the environment. The smart grid is the new energy paradigm that is characterized by a bidirectional flow of electricity and information and the integration of huge amount of distributed energy resources. The integration of renewable energy resources and energy storage into the smart grid is associated with power electronics converters and involves many aspects, such as: efficiency, reliability and energy conversion cost, forecasting of energy production, safe connection to the electric grid and the capability to work in islanded mode. Advanced control and data utilization are essential for the success of this energy paradigm. The talk will discuss the possibility and challenges of creating the smart grid paradigm and will highlight its enabling technologies, current status, and future prospective.

1 Reference: (PL-4) Title: Wind Power - A technology enabled by power electronics Author(s): Frede Blaabjerg (Denmark) Abstract – The steady growth of the installed wind power, will reach 600 GW capacity in 2019, together with the up-scaling of the single wind turbine power capability - 15 MW’s are announced by manufacturers, has pushed the research and development of power converters towards full scale power conversion, lower cost pr kW, higher power density and need for a higher reliability. Substantial eﬀorts are carried out to comply with the more stringent grid codes, especially grid faults ride-through and reactive power injection, which challenges the power converter topologies, because the need for crowbar protection and/or power converter over-rating has been seen in the past in the case of a doubly-fed induction generator. The presentation will ﬁrst give a technology overview. Next power converter technologies are reviewed with focus on single/multi-cell power converter topologies. Further - case studies on the Low Voltage Ride Through demand to power converter are presented including a discussion on reliability. Finally, discussions about topologies for wind farms will be provided where they need to be operating like large power plants like a large synchronous generator.

Reference: (KL-SAC-1) Title: Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Robot Author(s): Mohammad Habibur Rahman, Brahim Brahmi, Inga Wang, Ahmed Tanvir (USA) Abstract – Stroke affects each year more than 15 million people worldwide1. In the US alone, more than 795,000 US people suffer a stroke each year that results in significant deficits in upper/lower Extremity functions and the performance of everyday tasks for those affected2. The problem is further compounded by the constantly growing number of such cases1,2. It is estimated that about two-thirds of stroke survivors incur acute arm impairment3. Therefore, one of the challenging aspects of stroke rehabilitation is upper/lower extremity intervention. The conventional therapeutic approach requires a long time commitment and dedication by both patient and therapist and/or caregiver. There is a pressing need to develop improve treatment/therapeutic approaches to decrease the disability period due to stroke. Citing the constant growth of upper/lower extremity dysfunctions (ULED) and the required prolonged rehabilitation, robot-assisted therapy has already been contributing to upper/lower extremity rehabilitation. Although extensive research has been conducted on rehabilitation robotics, a few robotic therapeutic devices are currently commercially available to provide upper extremity (UE) rehabilitation but are limited to use in a clinical setting. The regulatory approval process4 for medical/therapeutic devices is usually long, as these devices closely work with the human subject. To provide upper limb rehabilitation therapy, we have developed a 7DOF exoskeleton type therapeutic robot named Smart Robotic Exoskeleton (SREx). The SREx comprises a shoulder motion support part, an elbow and forearm motion support part, and a wrist motion support part. It is designed to be worn on the upper limb’s lateral side to provide (i) shoulder joint vertical and horizontal flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, (ii) elbow flexion/extension motion, (iii) forearm pronation/supination, and (iv) wrist joint radial/ulnar deviation and flexion/extension motion. The exoskeleton was developed based on the upper-limb biomechanics and was designed for use by typical adults. The SREx’s kinematic model was developed based on modified Denavit-Hartenberg notations, and Newton-Euler formulation was used in dynamic modeling. Nonlinear control techniques, including model-based approaches such as sliding mode control5 and adaptive controller6, were used to maneuver the robots to provide active and passive arm movement therapy. The control architecture was executed on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) in conjunction with a real-time PC. Experiments were carried out with healthy adults where typical rehabilitation exercises for single and multi-joint movements were performed.

Reference: (KL-SAC-2) Title: Motion Control of Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Towards an Effective Diver/Robot Cooperation Author(s): Ahmed Chemori (France) Abstract – Biomimetic Autonomous underwater vehicles propose alternatives for conventional propeller-driven underwater vehicles. Median and paired fin (MPF) locomotion is usually suggested as a viable alternative when high maneuverability and hovering capability is required. In fishes, such a propulsion mechanism usually means lower speeds (as opposed to body and caudal fin propulsion) but is advantageous when low speed and precision maneuverability is desired. A particular type of MPF propulsion is sea turtle like 4-fin locomotion. Attempts to copy the locomotion of those agile and versatile reptiles reach back at least a decade with Turtle 2005 and Madeline. Other examples include Finnegan, the RobotTurtle and iRobot Transiphibian. Another line of development is represented by AQUA and AQUA2 four finned amphibian robots that are unique in the way the

2 propellers are used both for swimming and crawling in and out of water. Four-finned propulsion was also realized in some prototypes by deploying a scaffold structure actively controlled by shape memory alloy (SME) wires. U-CAT is an autonomous biomimetic underwater robot developed within a European Union 7th Framework project ARROWS (Archeological Robot Systems for the World Seas). As opposed to the previous examples, four-finned design of this vehicle is motivated solely by the end-user requirements and environmental constraints of the tasks in this specifically shipwreck inspection. It should closely video-inspect underwater objects. When interested to control of biomimetic autonomous underwater vehicles various challenges are to be considered (highly nonlinear dynamics, time-varying parameters, strong coupling between coordinates, underactuation, etc.). This talk deals with motion control of Biomimetic autonomous underwater vehicles, with a special focus on the case study of U-CAT turtle-like biomimetic underwater robot. All the proposed control solutions will be illustrated through different scenarios of real-time experiments in a swimming pool (controlled environment), as well as in open water (real operating conditions).

Reference: (KL-SAC-3) Title: Game dynamics on graphs Author(s): Hendrik Richter (Germany) Abstract – Directed or undirected graphs are the most natural way of a mathematical description of interacting agents. The vertices of the graph can hold information about the agent, while the edges represent their spatial structure. Such a model is particularly useful if the agents are described by a game-theoretical framework. Then the vertices represent the strategies which each agent employs, while the edges serve as the spatial interaction. Such a description also integrates dynamics as the agent’s strategies as well as their interaction may change over time. In the talk recent results on game dynamics on graphs are presented and possible ﬁeld of application for systems and automation are discussed.

Reference: (KL-PSE-1) Title: Integration of Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid: Challenges & Opportunities Author(s): Adel Gastli (Qatar) Abstract – Recently, the Electric Vehicles’ (EVs) market has witnessed significant growth and is expected to grow even faster in the next decade. This is becoming a challenging problem for the electric utilities in managing their power grid efficiently. Every grid system uses to be designed to fulfill a given demand and that’s what engineers take into account when dealing with it. Therefore, any excessive and unmanaged increase of demand caused by EVs integration in the grid without proper increase of generation capacity couldn’t be accepted without violating some design safety margins. With the development of smart grids, the challenges brought by the integration of EVs into the power system could be solved and can even bring more opportunities to utilities to respond faster to the intermittency of renewables and will allow for large penetrations of these renewables into the grid. Indeed, EVs’ large battery storage capacity could be used by the utilities to stabilize their grids during sudden fluctuation of the load or generation. This presentation will present these challenges and opportunities provided by the large integration of EVs into a smart grid.

Reference: (KL-PSE-2) Title: Bifacial Photovoltaics technology and applications Author(s): Chokri Belhadj Ahmed (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) is a promising solar energy technology that can harvest light from both the front and rear sides to produce more energy yield than monofacial PV modules. The inherent capability to harness albedo radiation improve energy output and minimize the negative of the surrounding effect. Bifacial modules are applied for large PV plants as well as for residential, for building integrated PV applications and can open up new PV application opportunities like in sound barriers or other vertical installations. The East/West vertical mounting of PV systems reaps particular benefits in snow-rich regions (no sticking of snow) or desert locations (reduced or no soiling), and contributes to a more consistent energy production throughout the day “peak-shaving”, thus improving the alignment between electricity production and demand. Recently, a significant endeavor has been made to quantify and predict the energy yield of bifacial PV modules for different installation configuration such stand alone, PV plants, east and west orientation. An obvious way to visualize the benefit due to bifaciality is to analyze the bifacial gain, which is the difference in the energy yield if bifacial, and monofacial devices with similar installation situation were compared. The levelized cost of PV generated electricity (LCOE) comparison between both bifacial and monofacial technologies for the utility large scale, ground-mounted PV systems has concluded that bifacial PV technology has a strong potential to significantly reduce the LCOE of PV generated electricity.

3 Reference: (KL-PSE-3) Title: Multilevel Inverters: Topologies, Modulation and Control Strategies Author(s): Ebrahim Babaei (Iran) Abstract – Multilevel inverters have been experienced, in terms of research and applications, a continuous and increasing growth during the last three decades. Distinctive features of multilevel converters are their capability to overcome the voltage limits imposed by the adopted power devices and to reduce voltage and current harmonics content, thus reducing power losses, heat, noise and increasing efficiency and reliability. The effort of the researchers and industry has led to a rapid development of different multilevel inverter topologies, modulation techniques and control strategies. In this presentation, the speech will focus on three different related subjects to multilevel inverters; Topologies, Optimization Methods, and Control Strategies. At the first part, the speech will try to introduce some sub-modules to rebuild the presented topologies at the literature and also presenting new topologies of multilevel inverters. Another important point about multilevel inverters is that in most cases for a given topology, it is possible to use different configuration to generate the same number of output levels but with different number of components. So, it is strongly required to find a solution to optimize the topology in a way that by using minimum number of components to generate more number of levels. This subject will be the topic of second part. The next important point about multilevel inverters is their control methods. There are different control methods for multilevel inverters. Among them, the Selective Harmonic Modulation techniques (SHE) usually operate at fundamental frequency and are capable to cancel or mitigate one or more frequencies from the outputs. In addition, in symmetric multilevel inverters, balancing the provided energy by different DC voltage sources is other concern in controlling the multilevel inverters. After a theoretical discussion on the fundamentals of modulation algorithms with analytical methods, the speech will introduce and discuss in detail the selective harmonic modulation and charge balance control methods for modulation of cascaded H-Bridge multilevel converters.

Reference: (KL-CSP-1) Title: Green Desalination Technologies: Electrostatic and hydro-magnetic Desalination Techniques Author(s): Moustafa Elshafei (Saudi Arabia–Egypt) Abstract – Unlike the conventional thermal/mechanical desalination methods, which separate water from salts, the hydro-magnetic and the electrostatic techniques separate the salt, in the form of ions, from the water stream. The extracted ions are then used to produce several industrial products, such as Cl2 and NaOH. Most of the commercial techniques suffer from either high cost of energy per m3 of fresh water in case of thermal methods, or high cost of maintenance in the case of reverse osmosis methods, in addition to the environmental issues associated with discharging highly concentrated brine. The environmental impact could be in the form waste lands to dispose the salty brine, harmful effect of the brine waste on the underground water, or adverse effects on marine life. The proposed techniques have several advantages over the existing techniques, including high water recovery ratio, low maintenance cost, efficient energy recovery, environmental friendly, and economical as the system could produce simultaneously several industrial by-products (H2, NaOH, Cl2, and many other products) instead of discharging the highly concentrated brine to the environment.

Reference: (KL-CSP-2) Title: IoT, AI, and Big Data in a pandemic era Author(s): Mohamed Ibnkahla (Canada) Abstract – The Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Artiﬁcial Intelligence (AI) have been proven to enhance many aspects of our life including economy, healthcare, security, education, etc. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated how these technologies are needed more than any precedent time and how they have impacted and will impact every aspect of our society. This talk will emphasize on the role that these technologies are expected to play play in a pandemic world, and the impact that they will have not only on the health sector but also on individual lives (through smart home technologies for example), education (e.g., remote learning and remote labs and testbeds), transportation (intelligent transportation systems), economy, governance, security, etc. Finally, the technical challenges and requirements of these technologies, as well as some results and demos from the IoT Lab at Carleton University will be presented and discussed.

Reference: (KL-CSP-3) Title: The Least Mean Fourth algorithm: A Myth or Reality? Author(s): Azedine Zerguine (Saudi Arabia)

4 Abstract – Adaptive filtering is a topic of immense practical and theoretical value, having applications in areas ranging from digital and wireless communications to biomedical systems. Adaptive filters are dynamic system whose parameters are adapted according to some criterion to meet certain requirements. Among the popular adaptive algorithm are The Least Mean Square (LMS) and The Least Mean Fourth (LMF). The LMF algorithm is known to perform better than the LMS algorithm in the case of non-Gaussian noise. Thus, it is more suitable in most of real life applications as the practicing environment is found to be non-Gaussian in most of the cases. Moreover, it has been shown that the LMF algorithm can outperform the LMS algorithm even in Gaussian environments when initialized far from the Wiener solution. However, there are some challenges with the implementation of the LMF algorithm such as stability, optimality between the convergence time and the final steady-state error, and its implementation for sparse system. For this reason, there exist many variants of the LMF algorithm in the literature. The main aims of this talk are: Provide an overview of the LMF algorithm, Present different variants of the LMF algorithm, Show how various challenges are dealt in these LMF variants, Introduce other potentially related LMF-based algorithms for timely applications, such as distributed signal processing, communication, IoT, 5G, and beyond, and finally use of machine learning, neural networks and artificial intelligence in specifying the statistics of the input signal and the noise to come up with the right algorithm.

Reference: (KL-SCI-1) Title: Energy Harvesting for Smart Industry: Generating the energy you need from the sources you know Author(s): Sebastian Bader (Sweeden) Abstract – A smart system can be deﬁned as a system incorporating sensing, actuation, control and communication, in order to adjust to or inform about the system’s context or own condition. Through technological advances, particularly in microelectronics, “smartness” has been demonstrated in a number of application domains, ranging from smart healthcare and smart homes, to smart cities and smart industries. To realize smartness on large scale, however, the energy supply to the necessary technologies is still a challenge. Batteries have been the go-to solution in cases where a ﬁxed electrical infrastructure is infeasible or impossible. Batteries, however, have a limited energy capacity and lifetime, resulting in maintenance requirements that are typically undesirable at scale. Consequently, the conversion of ambient energy sources - commonly referred to as energy harvesting - is investigated as an alternative. In this talk, an introduction as to what energy harvesting is, what it can be used for, and what challenges it faces, will be given. It will provide a holistic view, covering examples of energy sources to be exploited, conversion mechanisms to be utilized, and implementation aspects to be considered for system integration. During the talk, concrete cases of energy harvesting systems for smart industry applications will be explored in order to provide tangible examples. Moreover, open research challenges for energy harvesting and self-powered smart systems will be addressed, and an outlook on research trends given.

Reference: (SCI-KL-2) Title: Industrial temperature measurement Author(s): Thomas Fröhlich (Germany) Abstract – When using temperature sensors - especially contact thermometers - in industrial processes, they have to be adjusted to the corresponding demands for the respective processes in industrial use. This concerns not only the demands for precise temperature measurement but also the prerequisites for use; according to various planned uses, the sensor has to endure extreme temperatures from –70 ◦C to 2500 ◦C, chemical acids, extreme mechanical pressure and fast changing temperatures and gradients. The sensor has to be maintenance free, stable, and functioning for years at a time. At the same time, the demand remains to keep developing more exact temperature measurement and even faster sensors. This places even more extreme demands on the construction of the sensors, the selection of the materials used, and also on the evaluation electronics and data processing strategies. Contact thermometers often are use in a wide temperature range and under various medium and environment conditions. In this case, the dynamic parameters (time percentage values and time constants) depend on temperature itself. Several effects are superimposed. Constructive and material properties of the thermometer and the installation location affect the dynamic behaviour as well as the type and material properties of the object to be measured. Thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density depend on temperature. At the same time, the dynamic behaviour is also influenced by the temperature-dependent parameters of the media. When the thermometers are installed in air, for example, the heat transfer coefficient decreases with increasing temperature, owing to the temperature-dependent material data of the air, at constant speed. At the same time, radiant heat influences have such a great influence that the heat transfer improves despite the decreasing convective heat transfer coefficient. In our talk, a number of examples are given. Both numerically and experimentally determined results for the determination of the dynamic characteristic values are shown. 5 Reference: (SCI-KL-3) Title: Smart Sensing and AI for Physical Therapy in IoT Era Author(s): Octavian Postolache (Portugal) Abstract – The convergence of healthcare, instrumentation and measurement technologies will transform healthcare as we know it, improving quality of healthcare services, reducing inefficiencies, curbing costs and improving quality of life. Smart sensors, wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, and big data offer new and exciting possibilities for more robust, reliable, flexible and low-cost healthcare systems and patient care strategies. These may provide value-added information and functionalities for patients, particularly for those with neuro-motor impairments. It has great importance in developed countries in the context of population ageing. In this invited talk the focus will be on: hardware and software infrastructure for neuro- motor rehabilitation; highlighting the developed solutions for motor rehabilitation based on virtual reality and serious games. As part of these interactive environments, 3D image sensors for natural user interaction with rehabilitation scenarios and remote sensing of user movement, as well as thermographic camera for remote evaluation of muscle activity will be presented. Additionally AI solutions applied for physical therapy data provided by the smart sensors embedded in prototypes such as smart walkers, crutches or wearable physical training monitors are considered. Example of applied AI algorithms including deep-learning and the importance on diagnosis and evaluation of physical therapy outcome for different type of physical therapy platform including serious game will be discussed.

6 SAC Papers

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-1) 1570692223 Title: Stability study and robustness analysis of an exoskeleton–upper limb system Author(s): Sana Bembli; Nahla Khraief Haddad and Safya Belghith (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper deals with a stability study and a robustness analysis of an exoskeleton–upper limb system, used for rehabilitation. The considered system is a robot with two degrees of freedom controlled by a Model Free Terminal Sliding Mode algorithm. The objective is to control the ﬂexion/ extension movement of the shoulder and the elbow in presence of uncertainties and disturbances. The dynamic model of the system was presented. An Input-to-State Stability study is realized to demonstrate the stability of the system. A robustness analysis using Monte Carlo method is developed. Simulation results are provided to prove the performances and the eﬀectiveness of the Model Free Terminal Sliding mode algorithm and the stability of the system face to disturbances and uncertainties.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-2) 1570696660 Title: Using Multiple Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Solve Inverse Kinematics of Scara Robot Author(s): Mohamad Reda Abulkarim Refaai (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Inverse kinematics is obtaining the joint variables from the end-eﬀector’s position and orientation. solving inverse kinematics considers a complex problem because of nonlinearity equations. Selective compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA) robot is characterized by high ﬂexibility, especially in handling and assembly applications. In this work, Multiple Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (MANFIS) will be used to solve inverse kinematics of Scara robot by training the system using data which was collected by modeling the robot using Matlab, and then, the results will be discussed to validate the model.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-3) 1570699681 Title: Further Analysis of the Passive Walking Gaits of the Compass Biped Robot: Bifurcations and Chaos Author(s): Essia Added; Hassène Gritli and Safya Belghith (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we are interested in the analysis of the passive walking gaits of the compass-type bipedal robot while descending sloped surfaces. This type of biped robot is a two-degree-freedom mechanical system characterized by an impulsive hybrid dynamics that brings out attractive nonlinear phenomena like chaos and different types of bifurcations. In this work, we investigate by means of bifurcation diagrams, the influence of certain parameters on the passive motion of bipedal robot. As a result, we show the exhibition of new complex walking behaviors emerged from different types of bifurcations such as the period-doubling bifurcation and the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, and also emerged via the period-remerging scenario. These results further confirm the complexity of the biped/human walk.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-4) 1570699837 Title: An efficient MPC controller for the rehabilitation of an actuated knee joint orthosis Author(s): Hmida Hmaied; Sami Hafsi and Faouzi Bouani (Tunisia) Abstract – The present paper deals with the position control law of a knee-orthosis acting at the knee joint level for a passive, resistive, and assistive rehabilitation purpose. The nonlinear dynamic model of this lower limb exoskeleton is linearized and decoupled by feedback linearization technique, and a linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) is designed. Then a comparative study between MPC, Constrained MPC (CMPC), Nonlinear MPC (NMPC), and PID highlights the limits of this latter especially in rejecting the disturbance and also in violating the input constraints when parameters variation of the model is studied. We showed that CMPC and NMPC succeed to conceal this violation. Different simulation scenarios for the knee flexion-extension prove the effectiveness of the model predictive approaches.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-5) 1570700149 Title: Control of the Compass-Gait Walker Using an Enhanced PoincaréMap and via LMI-Based Optimization Author(s): Wafa Znegui; Hassène Gritli and Safya Belghith (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we introduce a control approach using a quadratic polynomial expression of the controlled PoincaréMap to actively stabilize the passive walking motion of the two-degree-of-freedom compass- gait biped walker. The passive gait cycle of the bipedal walker is depicted for a given fixed point. The control of the passive gaits involves firstly the reconstruction of the nonlinear complex dynamics describing the passive bipedal walking into an amendable linear system around the period-1 limit cycle. It involves secondly the 7 determination of the quadratic polynomial expression of the nonlinear controlled PoincaréMap, and finally the identification of its period-1 fixed point. Successively, to stabilize such fixed point, we develop the linearized PoincaréMap, which will be explored to design the feedback gain of the control law. The control problem is cast then into a convex optimization involving a linear matrix inequality (LMI) by maximizing the bound on the nonlinear term in the Poincarémap. Simulation outputs illustrate the efficiency of the adopted LMI-based optimization method in the control of the passive motion of the compass-gait walker.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-6) 1570700151 Title: Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamic Walking of a Biped Robot with Knees Author(s): Essia Added; Hassène Gritli and Safya Belghith (Tunisia) Abstract – Modeling a biped robot with a complicated structure and descending an inclined plane is a challenge due to the complexity of its dynamic walking model. In this paper, we establish the mathematical model of a biped robot with knees, rigid segments and rigid contact with the ground. We reformulate such complicated model as an impulsive hybrid nonlinear system. Moreover, using chiefly bifurcation diagrams, we study the influence of certain inertial and geometrical parameters on the passive gaits of the kneed bipedal robot. We show via simulations the exhibition of the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation emanated from the period-1 gaits, and hence the appearance of complex quasi-periodic gaits.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-7) 1570700244 Title: Inverted Pendulum System Disturbance and Uncertainty Effects Reduction Author(s): Nagy Osman; Raouf Fareh; Tha’er Omar Sweidan, Sr; Haris M. Khalid and Jawhar Ghom- mam (UAE–Oman) Abstract – The system behavior of a dual-axis inverted pendulum in the presence of parametric uncertainty could be very challenging from the perspective of control handling. It becomes more challenging in the presence of model uncertainties, external disturbances and chattering phenomenon. In this paper, a sliding mode-based control design is proposed to handle the dynamics, system disturbances and uncertainty effects of an inverted pendulum. This is achieved by: a) approximating the discontinuity in the control law, b) handling the origin of chatter effect by using a continuous function, and c) Euler method with small step size. Simulation results show that the sliding mode controller in the presence of disturbance can eliminate the chattering phenomenon, improve the control precision, and suppress the effects of external disturbance and model uncertainties effectively.

Paper Reference: (SAC-1-8) 1570700627 Title: Intelligent Robot Powered by Solar Energy Author(s): Abdulwahid A. Saif; Mujahed Aldhaifallah; Turki Bin Muhaya and Omer Majeed (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – This paper intends to present an educational attempt to build a self-managed robot in which it can generate power for itself using renewable, solar cell, incorporating the maximum power point tacking theory and the use of soft computing (Artiﬁcial Intelligence) to derive itself. Such devices are expected to replace many labor work jobs in the next decades. This report covers the hardware part of the robot, the software part, further analysis using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks, and some proposed industrial applications.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-1) 1570689344 Title: Chaos elimination in power system using synergetic control theory Author(s): Abdul-Basset Al-Hussein; Fadhil Tahir and Olfa Boubaker (Iraq–Tunisia) Abstract – This paper puts forward the power system stability under investigation. Power system stability is critical for reliable and safe operation of the network and the protection of the power system elements. Maintaining the voltage level within normal range and the robustness against the disturbances that may lead to chaotic oscillation which finally may cause system bus voltage collapse and angle divergence. The observation of bifurcation and chaotic oscillations are analyzed for a wide range of parameters variations with the help of Lyapunov exponent, Lyapunov spectrum, and bifurcation diagram. Based on the aforementioned analysis, a robust synergetic controller design is achieved based on STATCOM and energy storage facilities to maintain the load bus voltage at the rated level and restore the synchronous operation. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed control scheme.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-2) 1570694785 Title: New Method for Detection of Ventricular Suction in an implantable Pump Using Recursive DFT Algo-

8 rithm Author(s): Mahmoud Elfandi, Khouloud El-Henqari and Abulgasim Shallof (Libya) Abstract – In this paper, a new method for detection of ven-tricular suction in a Rotary Left Ventricular As-sist Device (LVAD) supporting a failing cardiovascular system using recursive DFT algorithm is presented. The algorithm is developed by the author and used in diﬀerent frequency data measurement. The suction detection is based on-line frequency data measurement of a periodic signals. The algorithm is computationally simple with a small number of mathematical parameters and relatively easy to implement. Simulation were carried out on a ﬁfthorder lumped parametric circuit which can produce the cardiovascular system combined with a rotary pump to demonstrate responsiveness and robustness of the algorithm.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-3) 1570695785 Title: On Modeling Greenhouse Air-Temperature: an Experimental validation Author(s): Imen Haj Hamad; Amine Chouchaine and Hajer Bouzaouache (Tunisia) Abstract – This work presents an improved procedure for directly predicting air temperature in agricultural greenhouses to provide a quantitative assessment of high or low temperatures. The proposed dynamic model deals with the heat transfer during four days inside a greenhouse in Tunisia focusing on the season, the location, the structure of the greenhouse and obviously the weather conditions: wind speed, outside temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity. The results are obtained by experimental validation. The proposed greenhouse model shows the eﬀectiveness of the procedure which has been successfully implemented using the MATLAB /Simulink environment.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-4) 1570699611 Title: Disturbance Observers for Linear Closed Loop Systems Author(s): Cumhur Baspinar (Germany) Abstract – An observer that almost exactly estimates the past histories of bounded disturbances acting on a linear multivariable control system is presented. The observer is easy to design and especially applicable to analyze the structural properties of measurement errors. The only restrictive assumption for the existence of the observer is that the controlled system is not allowed to possess any eigenvalues on the imaginary axis. Further application areas are fault diagnosis, modeling of internal nonlinearities and modeling of external dynamics producing the disturbances. The theoretical results are also supported by examples and simulations.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-5) 1570699846 Title: Output voltage control of synchronous generator using Nelder–Mead algorithm based PI controller Author(s): Fatiha Habbi; Nour El Houda Gabour; Mohamed Bounekhla and El Ghalia Boudissa (Algeria) Abstract – In this paper, a Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm (NMA) is proposed for optimal tuning of proportional integral (PI) controller for the terminal voltage regulation of synchronous generator. The main advantage of this method (NMA) is its simplicity. Based on a criterion defined using an objective function, it helps in the optimal calculation of the PI controller parameters. Simulation results obtained by MATLAB and Simulink are investigated for output voltage regulation of synchronous generator without any controller, then with PI controller during different loading conditions. The results demonstrate that the output response of the synchronous generator was improved significantly when using the PI controller optimized by the NM algorithm.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-6) 1570699933 Title: Maximizing the Domain of attraction of nonlinear systems: A PSO optimization approach Author(s): Fai¸cal Hamidi; Messaoud Aloui and Houssem Jerbi (Tunisia–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – This paper offers a wide research survey on analytical strategies for characterizing large asymptotic stability domain identified with Lyapunov’s methodology. It depicts an advanced based Particle Swarm Opti- mization (PSO) technique which performs swift and precise investigation, and characterizes high-performance and exact attraction domains for the class of nonlinear affine systems. The synthesized step algorithm is implemented to analyze the stability problem depending on indirect Lyapunov’s theory. Illustrative benchmark models and numerical simulation analysis are provided to validate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed procedure.

Paper Reference: (SAC-2-7) 1570686198 Title: Distributed Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for Linearly Constrained Optimization Author(s): Kaicheng Niu; Mi Zhou; Chaouki Abdallah and Mohammad Hayajneh (USA–UAE) 9 Abstract – Distributed optimization plays an important role in solving engineering problems. Contrary to centralized optimization, it seeks to find global optima in a distributed manner, where agents within a group share information only with their neighbors. Optimizing a cost function without constraints or with separable constraints has already been addressed, however, it appears to be difficult to find an optimal solution when both cross-terms and linear constraints exist. To solve this problem, we propose a distributed optimization algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers and dual ascent method. A simulation compares the performance of our algorithm with centralized dual ascent algorithm. Results show that our algorithm requires more iterations when the number of agents gets large, however, its distributed nature still makes it appropriate in many applications.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-1) 1570686163 Title: IoT for health and usage monitoring systems: Mitigating consequences in Manufacturing under CBM Author(s): Samir Mekid (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Interactivities between devices using network technologies form Internet of Things (IoT) is of interest to Manufacturing. IoT is the advanced technology that is useful for condition based monitoring of systems, more known as Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS). These all are inscribed under e- maintenance and more recently under I4.0 Maintenance. An IoT-based condition monitoring solution is designed to predict potential damage by collecting large data and applying true prognostics in the cloud server. The paper describes features needed in the IoT used in the manufacturing. Example of monitored wear using sensors attached to insert of cutting tool are discussed along with HUMS structural application. For simplicity, the IoT will be connected to the Thingspeak Cloud for the data processing with the help of Wi-Fi based microcontroller. The entire system can be used for easy evaluation of the collected data. The proposed system experimental values are reliable, user friendly and economical.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-2) 1570692158 Title: Robust Active Fault Tolerant Control for Five-Phase PMSM against Speed Sensor Failures Author(s): Abir Hezzi; Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim and Seifeddine Benelghali (Tunisia–France) Abstract – The speed sensor is one of the most important parts of the five-phase Permanent Magnet Syn- chronous Motor (PMSM) drive, and the most sensitive sensor to the external or internal perturbation. In this framework, this paper is devoted to the Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC) of the five-phase PMSM. Based on a switching system between a real and virtual sensor, which is the Unknown Input Observer (UIO), and between two different control techniques, the system can maintain its high performance and efficiency. The PMSM is mainly controlled by PI regulator, but with the presence of high uncertainty or under a fault condition, the regulation system commute to the sensorless control mode with the Backstepping regulator. Simulated results justify the effectiveness of the proposed AFTC used to drive the five-phase PMSM under different operation condition.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-3) 1570692205 Title: Uncertain Dynamic Process Monitoring Using Moving Window Interval PCA Author(s): Imen Hamrouni; Hajer Lahdhiri; Okba Taouali and Kais Bouzrara (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we developed a new online approach for uncertain dynamic process using Moving Window Principal Component Analysis (MWPCA) for interval-valued data. The proposed approach is built based on the principal component analysis (CIPCA); thus deriving new Moving Window complete information PCA (MWCIPCA) approach. The proposed technique has been used to fault detection on a static system and Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) data. The performance of the proposed online MWCIPCA was compared with previously approach such CIPCA methods.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-4) 1570692256 Title: MPP Tracking based on classical P&O control and FLC-Hill Climbing technique for a PV Generator Author(s): Mariem Hadj Salem; Yemmna Bensalem and Mohamed Naceur Abdelkrim (Tunisia) Abstract – Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an important function in all photovoltaic (PV) power systems. This work presents a dtailed modeling of a photovoltaic generator and the principle of maximum power point traking control through the conventional P&O method and the Hill-Climbing technique. It also presents an intelligent approach for the improvement and optimization of this control performances of a photovoltaic system, through the association of fuzzy logic control with the MPPT control. The simulation results obtained

10 are developed under matlab/Simulink. Both methods are used with a boost DC/DC converter. These results show us that the fuzzy logic based controller is better and faster than the classical P&O controller.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-5) 1570694789 Title: Reduced GPR based RF Approach for Fault Diagnosis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Author(s): Radhia Fezai; Majdi Mansouri; Mohamed Trabelsi; Hazem N Nounou; Mohamed Nounou and Kais Bouzrara (Tunisia–Kuwait–Qatar) Abstract – This paper proposes a novel Reduced Gaussian Process Regression (RGPR)-based Random Forest (RF) technique (RGPR-RF) for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of wind energy conversion (WEC) systems. The statistical features, including the mean vector MRGP R and the variance matrix CRGP R, are computed using the RGPR model then fed to the RF algorithm for fault classification purposes. The proposed RGPR model extracts the most relevant information from the WEC system data while reducing the omputation burden compared to the classical GPR model. The complexity reduction is ensured by the selection of the most effective samples through the dimensionality reduction (DR) metrics including Hierarchical K-means (HKmeans) clustering and Euclidean distance (ED). The proposed RGPRHKmeansRF and RGPRED-RF techniques boost the classification speed and accuracy using a reduced number of features where only the most relevant and sensitive characteristics are kept in case of redundancy. Three kinds of WEC system faults are considered in order to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the developed techniques. The obtained results show that the proposed RGPR-RF technique is characterized by a low computation time and high diagnosis accuracy (an average accuracy of 99.9%) compared to the conventional RF classifiers.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-6) 1570694790 Title: Random forest-based nonlinear improved feature extraction and selection for fault classification Author(s): Majdi Mansouri; Radhia Fezai; Mohamed Trabelsi; Hazem N Nounou; Mohamed Nounou and Kais Bouzrara (Tunisia–Kuwait–Qatar) Abstract – In this paper, we propose a novel Interval Gaussian Process Regression (IGPR)-based Random Forest (RF) technique (IGPR-based RF) for diagnosing uncertain WEC systems. The proposed IGPR-based RF technique is addressed such that the effective interval-valued nonlinear statistical features are extracted and selected using the IGPR model which are fed to the RF algorithm for fault classification purposes. The proposed interval GPR-based RF technique helps to improve handling of the uncertainty surrounding the wind variability, noise, and measurement errors used for the diagnosis thus resulting in more accurate fault classification. The obtained results show that the proposed IGPR-based RF technique is characterized by a low computation time and high diagnosis accuracy (an average accuracy of 99.99%) compared to the conventional classifiers.

Paper Reference: (SAC-3-7) 1570701765 Title: A Novel Leak Detection Approach in Water Distribution Networks Author(s): Radhia Fezai; Kais Bouzrara; Majdi Mansouri; Hazem N Nounou; Mohamed Nounou and Vicen¸c Puig (Tunisia–Qatar–Spain) Abstract – This paper proposes a novel leak monitoring framework aims to improve the operation of water distribution network (WDN). To do that, an online statistical hypothesis test based leak detection is proposed. The main advantages of the developed method are ﬁrst to deal with the higher required computational time for detecting leaks and then, to update the KPCA model according to the dynamic change of the process. Thus, this can be performed to massive and online datasets. Simulation results obtained from simulated WDN data demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of the proposed technique.

Paper Reference: (SAC-4-1) 1570694189 Title: Drivers Fatigue Detection Using EfficientDet In Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Author(s): Riadh Ayachi; Mouna Afif; Yahia Said and Ben Abdelali Abdessalem (Tunisia) Abstract – Modern cars have focused on road safety by guaranteeing driver, pedestrians, and other traffic object safety. Advanced driver assistance systems are a set of intelligent systems that support the driver by providing more information about the surrounding environment. The fatigue detection system is an intelligent system that detects the driver’s face and gauges the driver’s tiredness state. Such a system can prevent accidents by stropping the car if the driver is drowsy. In this paper, we propose a driver fatigue detection based on object detection model fatigue indicators. The efficientDet model was used to detect the state of the eye and mouth states then the eyes’ closure duration/Percentage of eye closure (PERCLOS) and yawning frequency/frequency of mouth (FOM) were used to judge fatigue state. The efficientDet is a lightweight object detection model

11 with high performance. The proposed approach was evaluated on the National Tsing Hua University Driver Drowsiness Detection (NTHU-DDD) dataset. The proposed approach has achieved an accuracy of 96.05% and real-time processing. The reported results show the eﬃciency of the proposed model for driver fatigue detection.

Paper Reference: (SAC-4-2) 1570695738 Title: RISE Based Computed Torque Control for trajectory tracking of parallel robot Author(s): Fatima Nouri; Farid Ferguene and Redouane Toumi (Algeria) Abstract – In this work, RISE-Based Computed-Torque Controller (RCTC) is developed and is applied for a 4 DOF Parallel Kinematic Manipulator (PKM) called - VELOCE -. The proposed controller is designed by adding a Robust Integral of the Sign of the Error (RISE) control term. RISE control scheme is recent non-model-based control strategy which was successfully applied for nonlinear uncertain systems. The main motivation behind the proposed control idea is to improve the tracking performances in terms of accuracy and disturbances rejection. Comparing with the original Computed-torque Controller, simulation results show the eﬀectiveness of the proposed controller in improving the tracking performances of the VELOCE robot.

Paper Reference: (SAC-4-3) 1570691772 Title: Methodology for the design of parallel robots using performance atlases Author(s): Javier D Sanjuan De Caro; Elias Muñoz Montenegro; Miguel Padilla Ramirez; David Serje Martinez; Mohammad habibur Rahman; Brahim Brahmi and Ibrahim El Bojairami (USA–Colombia–Canada) Abstract – Parallel robots kinematic design and optimization is a complex task that involves many preliminary stages to fulfill different user needs. Few literature works provide a simple and robust framework to achieve an optimal solution for the multi-objective kinematic design problem. This research describes a methodology for the optimal kinematic design of parallel robots, leading to the development of performance charts for a graphical selection of an optimal set of design parameters. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the linear delta parallel robot is under study, obtaining the global performance charts of the condition, velocity, and payload indices.

Paper Reference: (SAC-4-4) 1570692922 Title: Inverse Kinematic solution of u-Rob4 an hybrid exoskeleton for stroke rehabilitation Author(s): Javier D Sanjuan De Caro; Md Rasedul Islam; Elias Mu˜noz Montenegro; Brahim Brahmi and Mohammad habibur Rahman (USA–Canada) Abstract – In rehabilitation of upper-limb disability, robotic exoskeleton often need to perform task-based exercises. In order for exoskeleton to conduct task-based exercises, using inverse kinematic solution is a must to generate the safe trajectory from staring point to end point. Finding inverse kinematic solution for manipulator or exoskeletons that involve hybrid serial-parallel mechanisms always remains an open problem. This situation is worsened when joints with complex motion are considered, such as the shoulder joint. Therefore, in this research we present the inverse kinematic solution of a hybrid exoskeleton called u-Rob4, which includes two parallel conﬁgurations to handle the changes of the shoulder center of rotation.

Paper Reference: (SAC-4-5) 1570695966 Title: Trajectory Tracking of a 2-DOF Helicopter System Using Canonical Normal Form Author(s): Brahim Brahmi; Soraya Bouden and Mohammad habibur Rahman (Canada) Abstract – This paper deals with canonical normal form approach for trajectory tracking control of a two degree-of-freedom helicopter system. The main objective is to stabilize beam of the helicopter with respect to pitch and yaw angles. Sufficient geometrical conditions are given for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems to transform the studied nonlinear systems into a triangular normal form and determine the flat outputs. Using this form two controllers are designed to control the position of the yaw and the pitch angles of the Helicopter. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Paper Reference: (SAC-4-6) 1570696075 Title: Inverse Kinematics of a Team of 5-DOF Holonomic Mobile Cooperative Rover Manipulators Author(s): Emory Joshua Salberg, Jr; Brahim Brahmi; Mohammad habibur Rahman; Javier D Sanjuan De Caro and Ivan Rulik (USA–Canada) Abstract – Omni-rovers are three wheeled rovers with roller bearings circumventing the outer perimeter of each wheel, thus allowing a three degrees of freedom, holonomic rover. Translation within two axes and rotation about the normal increases the immediate capability of said rovers and allows ﬂuid maneuvers when presented 12 with problematic trajectories. With the mentioned capability, omni-rovers are an ideal candidate for use in mobile manipulators (MM), and furthermore, cooperative robotics. Thus, in this article, the forward kinematics of an omni-rover platform in junction with a two degree of freedom (RR) arm is presented. Additionally, the inverse kinematics of two parallel robots carrying a rigid object are modeled, simulated, and examined. As the inverse kinematics becomes increasingly diﬃcult to model as the degrees of freedom increase, a known method for reducing the model is used to simplify the solution; this being the use of the Groebner Bases.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-1) 1570692349 Title: Fractional Incremental Resistance Based MPPT for Thermoelectric Generation systems Author(s): Mujahed Aldhaifallah; Abdulwahid A. Saif; Uthman Baroudi; Hegazy Rezk and Ahmed Mo- hamed (Saudi Arabia–USA) Abstract – In this research paper, a robust maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method based on fractional incremental resistance (FINR) approach has been proposed. The proposed method is used to increase the energy efficiency of the thermoelectric generation system (TEGS). The fractional order control contains a non-integer order which is preferred than the integer order control owing to its benefits. It offers extra flexibility in design and demonstrates superior outcomes, such as high robustness. The output power from TEGS is mainly dependent on the differential temperature between the hot-side and cold-side of TEGS in addition to the load demand. Therefore, a robust MPPT is highly required to track the optimal operation point continually with changing the operating conditions. The main target of the proposed method is to enhance the dynamic response and eliminate the oscillation around the maximum power point under steady state conditions. The obtained results using the FINR approach are compared with the common hill-climbing method and conventional incremental resistance. The results confirmed the superiority of FINR compared to HC and INR for both dynamic and steady-state responses.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-2) 1570693976 Title: Robust tracking MPC for uncertain system stabilisation using polyhedral sets Author(s): Walid Hamdi; Wissal Bey and Naceur Benhadj Bra¨ıek (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper is dedicated to the model predictive control (MPC) for constrained discrete time systems with additive uncertainties to track a references system. The tracking MPC problem distribute a control law appropriate for regulating constrained uncertain system to a given target system. Though, when the target operating point changes, the feasibility of the controller may be lost and the controller miss to track the reference. In this paper, a novel MPC for tracking variation system references is introduced. The main issue consist to minimizing a cost that penalizes the error between the state of the original system and the reference system state, taking into account, an polyhedral invariant set for tracking is considired as extended terminal constraint. The properties of the proposed controller has been tested in two example. Simulation results show that the proposed tracking MPC successfully achieves robust tracking in terms of control performance.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-3) 1570695354 Title: Identification and Control of an Industrial Thickener Using Historical Data Author(s): Ridouane Oulhiq; Khalid Benjelloun; Yassine Kali and Maarouf Saad (Morocco–Canada) Abstract – In the mining industry, thickeners are used to increase density of slurries by removing water. When a thickener is in operation, the underflow slurry density should follow a given setpoint and stay inside a boundary layer. In general, thickeners are manually controlled. However, industrial experience has shown that manual control is not sufficient. For this reason, an advanced process control strategy is proposed in this paper. On the one hand, using historical data, a linear dynamic model of the studied thickener is developed. In this regard, data is collected, prepared, and data informativity is studied to ensure model identifiability and interpretability. On the other hand, a model predictive control is designed to control the process by manipulating the feed and the underflow slurry flowrates. The simulation results show that the method can be successfully used to control the underflow slurry density in the presence of feed variations and unmeasured disturbances.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-4) 1570695721 Title: Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Study of a Sulfur Burning Unit in an Industrial Sulfur Author(s): Amine Mounaam; Ridouane Oulhiq; Ahmed Souissi; Mohamed Salouhi and Khalid Benjelloun (Mo- rocco) Abstract – Sulfuric acid is a basic chemical used intensively in many industrial processes. To produce the sulfuric acid, there are two major processes: the lead chamber process and the current contact process. The ﬁrst

13 step in the latter process consists of burning sulfur in the air to form sulfur dioxide. In this paper, modeling and simulation of an industrial sulfur burning unit are performed. For the modeling task, an adiabatic conversion reactor was used for the sulfur burner, a centrifugal pump for the liquid sulfur pump, and an air compressor for the air supply. To simulate the model, the Unisim Design R451 simulator was used. Then, the simulation results were validated using industrial data. In addition, a parametric study was performed to analyze the eﬀects of the inputs’ variations on the sulfur burner outlet. The proposed model can be used to develop a digital twin of the studied sulfur burner to perform real-time simulations and test new control and optimization strategies.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-5) 1570696763 Title: Energy Management in the Power Chain of Electric Cars with Electromagnetic Switches Author(s): Saber Hadj Abdallah and Souhir Tounsi (Tunisia) Abstract – Saving energy, increasing autonomy and reducing the cost of electric cars is an important factor for users of electric cars. In this context, this work concerns the reduction of electricity consumption of electrified cars from the integration of a power management system. Indeed, an overflow system used during the high acceleration phases and a storage system of the energy recovered on a reserve energy accumulator used during the deceleration phases are advantageous for saving energy. For this fact, a system of energy management in the power chain of electric cars is studied. This system allows energy savings to increase the autonomy of electric cars for a given stored energy that leads to a significant reduction in the cost of use of electric cars. This study also addresses the problem of saving energy and reducing the production cost of electric cars by choosing components with low energy losses and reduced production cost.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-6) 1570698614 Title: An Optimization Technique for Voltage Regulation in Electrical Power Systems Author(s): Jasim Ghaeb and Malek Alkayyali (Jordan–USA) Abstract – In this work, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is proposed to determine the optimal firing angles of the Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR) to regulate the voltage of the electrical power system. A 500 km-length electrical power system is considered. The transmission line is modeled by three pi-section networks each represents a distance of 500/3 km. The mathematical model of the electrical power system is derived and used by the PSO algorithm to find the required TCR firing angles for voltage regulation. Different test cases have been conducted to assess and validate the proposed PSO technique capabilities. The results have revealed the ability of the proposed PSO technique to regulate the load voltage efficiently to average load-voltage change equals 0.271%.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-7) 1570700134 Title: MISO fractional systems identification with fractional models in the EIV context Author(s): Noura Ben Moussa; Manel Chetoui and Messaoud Amairi (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper proposes a new multi-input-single-output (MISO) system identification methods with fractional models in the errors-in-variables context. The developed methods are based on the instrumental variables and use the Higher-Order Statistics (HOS), such as the third-order cumulants, to obtain an unbiased estimates. Two different cases are established : the first supposes that the fractional orders of the single input- single-output (SISO) systems decomposing the MISO system are known a priori and only their linear coefficients are estimated. In the second case, the fractional orders are optimized along with linear coefficients. A Monte Carlo simulations are used, in a numerical example, to analyze the consistency of the developed estimators.

Paper Reference: (SAC-5-8) 1570702323 Title: From PD to Fractional Order PD controller used for gait rehabilitation Author(s): Intissar Zaway; Rim Jallouli-Khlif; Boutheina Maalej; Hanene Medhaﬀar and Nabil Derbel (Tunisia)

Abstract – Lower limb exoskeleton has become the most known solution for gait rehabilitation. It helps children with cerebral palsy disease to overcome their walking disability by gait training. The fundamental part is to control the lower limb exoskeleton using the performing and the adequate controller. Several control systems have been developed. In this paper, two approaches based on Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller are proposed in order to control two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) lower limb exoskeleton. Both controllers employed a ﬁltered action on their derivative terms. A comparative study is established to prove the performance of the fractional order PD (FOPD) regards the ﬁltered PD by means of the integral absolute error criteria and the initial torque values.

14 Paper Reference: (SAC-6-1) 1570693722 Title: Guaranteed Cost Sliding Mode Control For Discrete Uncertain T-S Fuzzy Systems With Time Delays Author(s): Yassine Ben Yazid and Ahmed Said Nouri (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, a guaranteed cost based on novel sliding mode control (SMC) for a class uncertain nonlinear time delay systems has been proposed through the T-S (Takagi and Sugeno) models. First of all, a new sliding manifold has been developed to remove the restrictive assumptions in the most of the existing fuzzy sliding mode control approaches. In addition, we took into account the delayed state in the sliding function in order to improve the performance behavior. Furthermore, a good performance performance can be ensured by choosing an appropriate cost function. The asymptotic stability condition of the closed loop system as well as the sliding mode controller design have been ensured based on LMIs (Linear Matrix Inequalities) formulation. Finally, the obtained simulation results prove the eﬃciency of the proposed control scheme.

Paper Reference: (SAC-6-2) 1570695271 Title: Sensorless Sliding Mode Control of Open-End Dual-Stator Induction Motor using Extended Kalman Filter Author(s): Saad Khadar; Haitham Abu-Rub and Abdellah Kouzou (Algeria–Qatar) Abstract – This paper presents a new advanced sliding mode control (SMC) based on backstepping approach for an open-end stator windings dual-stator induction motor (DSAM-OESW) under low speed condition. The proposed motor topology is fed by four three-phase voltage inverters with two isolated DC sources, and is controlled using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The proposed control technique includes the identification of motor parameters. A simplified Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) estimator is proposed for the estimation of both rotor flux and rotor speed. The sensorless control scheme is built within the Simulink environment combined with hardware-in-the-loop platform. The obtained results illustrate the correctness of the proposed sensorless control approach under different operating conditions, especially at low speed operation.

Paper Reference: (SAC-6-3) 1570699259 Title: Modified Fast Terminal Super-Twisting Control for Uncertain Robot Manipulators Author(s): Walid Alqaisi; Yassine Kali and Claude Ziad El-Bayeh (Qatar–Canada) Abstract – The objective of this work is to improve tracking control of uncertain robotic manipulator systems. Parameter variations, unmodeled dynamics and unknown perturbations affect the tracking performance of robots which add more challenges to a model-based nonlinear controller. The proposed approach in this paper utilises a modified terminal super-twisting that has a dynamic model of the sliding function and a new stability conditions which ensures good tracking, prevents chattering and resolves the singularity in nonlinear terminal switching functions. The developed modified fast terminal super-twisting controller ensures accurate joint position tracking while bypassing the singularity problem and removing the chattering phenomenon. Finally, it is shown through analytical analysis and numerical simulations that the proposed nonlinear control technique is robust, presents less chattering than the standard supertwisting algorithm in addition to faster convergence of the tracking error to zero.

Paper Reference: (SAC-6-4) 1570699586 Title: Finite-time adaptive trajectory tracking control based on sliding mode for Wheeled Mobile Robot Author(s): Brahim Moudoud; Hicham Aissaou and Mohammed Diany (Morocco) Abstract – This paper addresses an adaptive finite-time controller-based sliding mode approach for a wheeled mobile robot in the trajectory tracking task under external disturbances and uncertainties. This method, based on the nonlinear dynamic model of the robot and its actuators, guarantees the stability and the convergence of the closed-loop system within the finite - time. Moreover, the smoothness of the computing voltage against the chattering phenomenon is improved thanks to the adaptive switching gain, which is updated online based on the fractional power of the sliding surface. The corrective function updated online contributes to the estimation and compensation of the external disturbances. This controller is associated with the kinematic controller, which is based on the back-stepping technique to complete the trajectory tracking controller scheme. The stability of the closed-loop system is theoretically proved using Lyapunov criteria. To check the efficiency of the proposed method, the numerical simulations are carried out in the Matlab/Simulink environment.

SAC-6-5 Paper Reference: (SAC-6-5) 1570688476 Title: Backstepping Super-Twisting for Robotic Manipulators with Matched and Unmatched Uncertainties Author(s): Yassine Kali; Maarouf Saad and Khalid Benjelloun (Canada–Morocco) 15 Abstract – This work investigates the problem of controlling robot manipulators with matched and mis- matched uncertainties. To this end, a robust backstepping combined with super-twisting controller is developed to guarantee the convergence of the joint position states to their desired references. The proposed control technique allows the rejection of the uncertainties while eliminating the sliding mode’s famous drawback that is the chattering. Based on recursive Lyapunov function, suﬃcient condition is set to ensure the closed-loop system stability. Finally, simulation and experimental works were carried out respectively on a two degrees-of-freedom robot model and on the seven degrees-of-freedom ANAT modular robot to verify the performance and the robustness of the developed control strategy.

Paper Reference: (SAC-6-6) 1570692055 Title: New Adaptive Sliding Mode for Unperturbed Forearm and Wrist Rehabilitation Robot Author(s): Brahim Brahmi; Ibrahim El Bojairami; Tanvir Ahmed; Mohammad habibur Rahman; Asif Al Zubayer Swapnil and Javier D Sanjuan De Caro (Canada–USA) Abstract – The paper put forth presents the design and validation of a novel adaptive, variable gain, sliding mode control (SMC) reaching law, for the purpose of controlling unperturbed nonlinear systems. The novelty of this law stems from its capability to overcome the main limitations involved with conventional SMCs. In contrast to existing reaching laws, the presented law is potentially able to achieve high system performance, reduce the chattering problem signiﬁcantly, and ensure fast convergence of system trajectories to equilibrium. The designed law integrates the features of both, the exponential reaching law (ERL) and the power rate reaching law (PRL), meanwhile, it overcomes their limitations. Simulation and comparison case studies against ERL and PRL are also carried out with Forearm and Wrist Rehabilitation Robot to validate the eﬀectiveness and advantages of the proposed reaching law scheme (Proposed RL).

Paper Reference: (SAC-7-1) 1570695351 Title: Speech encryption based on synchronisation of chaotic Takagi-Sugeno systems using PI observer Author(s): Ahcene Hamoudi; Nadia Djeghali and Maamar Bettayeb (Algeria–UAE) Abstract – This paper presents a synchronisation method of nonlinear chaotic systems using Takagi-Sugeno representation with unmeasurable premise variables. An extended PI observer with unknown input is designed to achieve the synchronisation objective. The proposed PI observer estimates both the states and the unknown input. The convergence of the PI observer is established in an LMI formulation framework. An application to speech encryption and decryption is performed to illustrate the eﬃciency of the proposed approach.

Paper Reference: (SAC-7-2) 1570696105 Title: A Comparative Study of BLDC Motor Speed Control Using PI and ANN Regulator Author(s): Djamel-Eddine Beladjine, Djamel Boudana, Abdelhafidh Moualdia, Mohamed Hallouz and Patrice Wira (Algeria–France) Abstract – This article discusses a comparative study between classical PI control and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based control of a brushless DC motor. BLDC is recommended for drives that require a large load torque, these types of motors are non-linear systems which require robust control. Due to the saturation characteristic presented by the conventional PI regulator which causes the instability of the system, we have used an artificial neuron-based controller to overcome these aspects and to provide a better dynamic and quick response, in order to control the speed of a BLDC motor as well as the reduction in torque ripples. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB / SIMULINK show that the artificial neuron network controller performance evaluation are better than those obtained by the standard PI controller.

Paper Reference: (SAC-7-3) 1570699604 Title: Tracking of trajectory and fault estimation of MIABOT robot using an artificial neural network Author(s): Dhouha Miri; Atef Khedher and Kamel Benothman (Tunisia) Abstract – This article deals with the tracking of states and faults for nonlinear systems modeled using the Takagi Sugeno approach. An artificial neural network with unknown inputs is used for the purpose of tracking the system state and faults affecting the system. Firstly, the problem of state tracking is considered. After that, the proposed approach is extended to estimate actuator faults. The proposed method is applied to a robot modeled using the Takagi-Sugeno framework. Indeed, we propose on this work to estimate state and actuator fault affecting a non linear system modeled using Takagi-Sugeno structure by its application to a model of mobile robot given in the form a Takagi-Sugeno structure with 16 local models.

16 Paper Reference: (SAC-7-4) 1570699607 Title: PPDC Design-Based H∞ Non-Fragile Controller for a Class of Bilinear Systems Author(s): Chekib Ghorbel and Naceur Benhadj Bra¨ıek (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper deals with robust control problem of nonlinear dynamic systems described as Takagi- Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy bilinear models. Based on proportional parallel distributed compensation (PPDC) approach, H∞ synthesis criterion, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) tools, suﬃcient global asymptotic stability conditions with decay rate and external disturbances attenuation of the controlled T-S fuzzy bilinear model are established. Finally, an illustrative example of stabilizing a nonlinear mass-spring-damper mechanical system is given to illustrate the merit of our purpose.

Paper Reference: (SAC-7-5) 1570699662 Title: Design of Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Adaptive Sliding Mode Control via Backstepping Author(s): Khalissa Behih; Khier Benmahammed; Djamila Zehar; Aida Chérif and Nabil Derbel (Algeria– Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, an Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller (IT2FABSMC) is proposed for nonlinear unknown systems. The proposed IT2FABSMC is a combination of the interval type 2 fuzzy logic control (IT2FLC), the sliding mode control (SMC) and the Backstepping control (BC), which inherits the benefits of these three methods. The objective of the proposed controller is to allow the system to move to the sliding surface and remain on it, to ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. The IT2FA systems are used to approximate firstly the unknown dynamics of the system and secondly the switching control. The Lyapunov stability method is adopted to verify the stability of the IT2FABSM controller system. The inverted pendulum with variation of pole characteristics, uncertainty and disturbance is adopted to illustrate the validity of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the IT2FABSMC achieves the best tracking performance in comparison with the T1FABSMC.

Paper Reference: (SAC-7-6) 1570699808 Title: Robust Polynomial Observers For Positive Polynomial Fuzzy Systems Author(s): Imen Iben Ammar; Hamdi Gassara; Ahmed El Hajjaji and Mohamed Chaabane (Tunisia–France)

Abstract – A novel approach is proposed to design a robust observer for a class of positive polynomial fuzzy models. In order to estimate the system states and to guarantee the non negativeness of the estimated states, a positive polynomial fuzzy observer is developed considering a line-integral polynomial fuzzy Lyapunov function with polynomial matrices dependent on the estimated states. To guarantee the global stability and the convergence of states, a design method is proposed based on Sum Of Squares (SOS) approach. Finally, two numerical examples show the feasibility of the propos

Paper Reference: (SAC-7-7) 1570699988 Title: A novel approach for neural controller adapting rate: Application to MIMO nonlinear processes Author(s): Fatma Ezzahra Rhili and Ridha Ben Abdennour (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, an indirect adaptive control of nonlinear MIMO processes using neural emulator which is updated based on fuzzy logic strategy is developed. In fact, the major advantage of the neural emulator using fuzzy adapting rate is that it does not need the initialization of any term. A new approach for an adaptation of the controller adapting rate is presented, in the present paper, for nonlinear MIMO processes. A numerical example is offering to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison with the method based on the starting term. The obtained results show the satisfactory closed-loop performance in terms of the trajectory tracking and the convergence speed of nonlinear MIMO processes.In this paper, an indirect adaptive control of nonlinear MIMO processes using neural emulator which is updated based on fuzzy logic strategy is developed. In fact, the major advantage of the neural emulator using fuzzy adapting rate is that it does not need the initialization of any term. A new approach for an adaptation of the controller adapting rate is presented, in the present paper, for nonlinear MIMO processes. A numerical example is offering to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison with the method based on the starting term. The obtained results show the satisfactory closed-loop performance in terms of the trajectory tracking and the convergence speed of nonlinear MIMO processes.

17 Paper Reference: (SAC-7-8) 1570702517 Title: Distributed Control Method for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems Subjected to Faults Author(s): Sami Elferik and Muhammad Maaruf (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – This paper investigates distributed control of a heterogeneous MAS with unknown disturbances, actuator saturations and sensor faults connected through a directed graph. The RBFNNs have been employed to estimate the uncertain nonlinear functions and design the nonlinear disturbance observer. The distributed controller is designed to stir the followers to follower the leader with very small tracking errors. The stability of the closed loop system has been guaranteed with the aid of a Lyapunov function. Finally, a simulation example has been provided to illustrate the eﬀectiveness of the presented method.

Paper Reference: (SAC-8-1) 1570701620 Title: A Top-Down Approach to Ensure the Continuity of the Different Design Levels of Swarm Robots Author(s): Khalil Aloui; Moncef Hammadi; Amir Guizani; Mohamed Haddar and Thierry Soriano (France– Tunisia) Abstract – Swarm engineering is the systematic application of technical and scientific knowledge to specify requirements, model, design, realize, verify, validate, operate and maintain a swarm intelligence system. In swarm robotics, there is not a well-structured methodology until today for developing robotic swarm systems. Several researchers have developed steps to design swarm robots but these steps are still incomplete. In this paper, we focus on the functional architecture of the swarm robots where we propose a top-down approach to ensure consistency and continuity from requirement level to behavioral level up to the functional and structural levels. This approach is based on the MBSE method using different SysML diagrams where we present the allocations between the functions of each swarm member and the overall swarm behaviors. Then, we will be interested in the ROS architecture of a swarm behavior where we identify the allocations between the component and the functions of a robot.

Paper Reference: (SAC-8-2) 1570702571 Title: CAD-MBSE interoperability for the checking of design requirements Author(s): Rihab Brahmi; Moncef Hammadi; Nizar Aifaoui and Jean-Yves Choley (Tunisia–France) Abstract – In a global approach to the design of mechanical systems, it is essential that all requirements are met. This is why it is important that all the disciplines that contribute to the realization of the product interact together. Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) is an interdisciplinary scientiﬁc approach, which is based on the use of standard representations, such as the systems modeling language SysML, to ensure integration, consistency and traceability between models generated during the systems development process. Computer- aided design (CAD), which has today become an essential step in modern industry, is also fundamental in the realization of the product. It covers the entire design process as well as that of the manufacture of all industrial products. However, a problem of collaboration between the system engineer who has a global view of the product and the designer who is the CAD specialist arises due to the lack of standard means of communication between the two disciplines. For this, our work aims to solve this problem of MBSE-CAD interoperability in order to ﬁnally be able to ensure the satisfaction of the product requirements. A methodology has been proposed which makes it possible to collect data from the CAD model and translate them into data in SysML format. This methodology then plans to help the system engineer to build assembly graphs in SysML format from a 3D digital model. Based on a case study, that of a driving wheel of a forklift, the proposed methodology is illustrated with a validation example.

Paper Reference: (SAC-8-3) 1570702605 Title: A CAD - System engineering interoperability by Enriching CAD database with functional information Author(s): Amal Allagui; Imen Belhadj; Nizar Aifaoui; Moncef Hammadi and Jean-Yves Choley (Tunisia– France) Abstract – The functional aspect of the parts and assemblies is the engine that generates constructive solutions that satisfy customer requirements. When specifying design solutions, the designer always thinks in terms of function to be satisfied. However, this information is immediately lost once the design solution is validated. In this context this paper will first contribute to the enrichment of the ”computer aided design, (CAD)” modeler database by integrating data related to product functions. Then, it will enrich the data related to assembly constraints by the fit aspect. It would be useful if the designer can specify, when creating an assembly constraint between a shaft and a hub (either through bearings, bushings or by direct contact), the type of constraint fit (tight, loose or uncertain). This information will be necessary, for example, when automatically generating assembly or disassembly drawings. The main objective of the proposed paper is the development 18 of two applications. The first application named ”computer aided design part function, (CAD PF)”, used for the enrichment of the parts database by the part function. The second one named ”computer aided design adjustment constraint type, (CAD ACT)”, used for the enrichment of the database of assemblies by the type of constraint adjustment during their creation. These tools will be modeled by the graphical ”system modeling language, (SysML)” and will be implemented using FreeCAD ”Applications Programming Interfaces, (APIs)” which is an open source application.

Paper Reference: (SAC-8-4) 1570703273 Title: Mechatronics in a New Context: a Structuring Conceptual Framework Proposal for MBSE Author(s): Fa¨ıda Mhenni and Jean-Yves Choley (France) Abstract – Technological advances are reshaping the world in which we live by enabling the design of systems that are increasingly sophisticated, fast, precise and that assist the human being in all aspects. However, the design of these systems is becoming more and more challenging as they integrate a large number of disciplines that interact synergistically. Current design approaches are therefore reaching their limits and need to be adapted. For this purpose, we propose a conceptual framework to structure current systems. This framework will be the basis for a new design approach that is currently being developed of which we brieﬂy present some broad outlines. An insulin pump system is also used to illustrate the proposed work.

19 SCI Papers

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-1) 1570704406 Title: Upcycling Emperor Fish Scales For Biocompatible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Author(s): Rajarajan Ramalingame; Sanjeev Vishal Kota and Olfa Kanoun (Germany) Abstract – Tons of fish waste is discarded from many foods processing industries which are indeed a good source of collagen which exhibits piezoelectric properties. Collagen is found in the scales, skin, fin, bladder bones of the fishes. Among these, the scales contain the maximum proportion of glycine composition. This article reports a systematic procedure based on chemical treatments to extract collagen from fish scales and incorporate in polydimethylsiloxane polymer, which is also biocompatible to develop the flexible, biocompatible piezoelectric harvester. The unpoled energy harvester can deliver an output voltage of 5 V, the short circuit current of 30 mA, and a corresponding maximum output power density of 649 mW/cm2 with a load resistance of 100 Ω under a compressive stress of xx Hz. Such biocompatible energy harvesters are highly suited for human body-attached solutions that could harvest energy from gait and the hand-arm movement.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-2) 1570700124 Title: A Completely Autonomous TEG-Based Node for Thermal Gradient Measurements Author(s): Carlo Trigona; Roberto La Rosa and Marco Privitera (Italy) Abstract – This paper presents a fully autonomous measurement system based on thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The system implements a battery-less device that, by using a TEG, harvests energy from a thermal gradient and it is able to perform measurements with the same transducer. The device implements a conditioning circuit to harvest energy using an ultra-low- power system on chip (SoC) provided by STMicroelectronics. The Soc plays the role of sensing the harvested energy to activate a Bluetooth Low Energy radio as soon as the harvested energy is enough for transmission. The measuring method exploits the proportionality between the thermal gradient and the frequency of the transmitted beacons. The reading of the measurement data uses a convenient time-domain readout approach. Results and experiments evince the suitability of the proposed solution with the possibility to adopt and disseminate the device in various environments and for application in an industrial scenario.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-3) 1570700053 Title: Arched beam based energy harvester using electrostatic transduction for general in-plane excitations Author(s): Mohamed Amin Ben Hassana; Hatem Samaali; Hassen M. Ouakad and Fehmi Najar (Tunisia–Oman) Abstract – A new design of a MEMS Energy Harvester (EH), based on an arched microbeam with electrostatic transduction, is proposed in this paper. The design consists of a single transducer composed of two masses designed to move in perpendicular directions and linked by the arched microbeam. Thanks to the proposed design the axial motion is converted and amplified into a perpendicular motion and vice versa. We derive a mathematical model by presenting the governing equations of the coupled electromechanical system. A static Finite Element analysis is also performed to validate the reliability of the proposed device and showed that a 10 times amplification can be achieved for the input motion. The solved analytical dynamic analysis demonstrates the practicability of the device for different in plane directions of the excitation. For optimal conditions it was shown that the initial polarization voltage can be doubled for a 20s excitation.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-4) 1570704254 Title: Investigation of the Controllability of Inductive Power Transmission Systems based on Flexible Coils 20 Author(s): Ghada Bouattour; Taoufik Mhammedi; Nourdin Yaakoubi; Abdullah Adawi and Olfa Kanoun (Tunisia–France–Jordan–Germany) Abstract – Flexible coils become nowadays more and more interesting for inductive power transmission. These coils can be principally used on the transmitter side and the receiver side. However, the flexibility can affect the transmission behavior by the variation of the coil self-inductance and the coupling factor due to deformations. Controlling the IPT system to compensate coil parameters variations during charging processes becomes thereby a necessity. The charge control can be principally by variation of the working frequency, the compensation capacitor value, or the supply voltage level. In this paper, different control methods have been applied on flexible coils. For this purpose, a simulation-based on an analytical model is carried out to investigate the system behavior for different parameters. Thereby, the receiver coil has been considered flat where the transmitter coil is bent in concave and convex directions. The results show that the variation of the supply voltage delivers better results and ensure a constant power while the flexible transmitter is an extreme bending angle.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-5) 1570700085 Title: Performance Analysis of Low Noise Amplifier Based on BJT for Power Aware Wake-Up Receiver Nodes Author(s): Sarah Ouerghemmi; Ilef Ketata; Saloua Sahnoun and Faouzi Derbel (Germany– Tunisia) Abstract – Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) are usually used in the front-end antenna of Radio Frequency (RF) receivers. The LNA boosts the input power and increases the receiver sensitivity with a minimum of noise. Especially for Wake-Up receivers (WuRx), a trade-off between power consumption and sensitivity should be considered. On one side, a high gain should be performed and on the other side, the power consumption should be as low as possible to be able to realize a wireless communication with a minimum of latency. In this work, performed analysis of LNA based on various configurations with transistors are present. The results show that a trade-off between all LNA requirements exists. As Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) applications face many resource constraints, the selection of adequate component parameters and architectures should be well discussed.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-6) 1570703882 Title: AC-DC Single Phase Rectifiers for Nanocomposite based Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Author(s): Meriam Ben Ammar; Ghada Bouattour; Ayda Bouhamed; Salwa Sahnoun; Ahmed Fakhfakh and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters have drawn attention for their potential use as power sources for wearable electronics. However, the harnessed energy cannot be directly connected to load systems. Power conditioning circuits are extremely needed to achieve conditioned and rectified signals. However, there is still no complete verview available, which exhaustively describes and classify the existing AC-DC rectifiers for flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting (F-PEH). In this paper, different rectifiers were investigated, compared, and evaluated. The strengths and limitations of the interfaces were addressed based on the results obtained. These show that for anocomposite based F-PEH, the parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (P-SSHI) resonant rectification technique delivers better performance than the full bridge, voltage doubler and CMOS rectifiers by increasing the electromechanical conversion as well as the power extraction efficiency by 200 % than the standard single-phase full bridge rectifier which has a more stable output than the half wave voltage doubler.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-7) 1570704939 Title: Simulation of Wireless Sensor Nodes based on Wake-Up Receivers Author(s): Amina Whichi; Maximilian Weber; Ilef Ketata; Salwa Sahnoun and Faouzi Der- bel (Germany–Tunisia) 21 Abstract – The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the most promising solutions for the digitization in context of Internet of Things (IoT). Despite all research activities, there are still many challenges to be solved as power consumption and quality of service (QoS) for which the Wake-up Receiver (WuRx) oﬀers a promising approach. This technology allows energy-autonomous on-demand communication hardware for continuous monitoring of the communication channel instead of the conventional radio. Since it is often not possible to create a large-scale testbed due to material costs and time, it is necessary to rely on a virtual solution. To create, test and develop a Wake-up Receiver based WSN in a controlled and reproducible manner, a software-based simulation tool is used. This work presents a comparison of the most cited simulation tools in literature regarding communication mechanisms based on Wake- up Receivers. In detail, the simulation tools MATLAB, NS-2/NS-3, OMNeT++ and NetSim are considered. Based on this evaluation OMNeT++ was chosen to develop a sensor module that replicates the functionalities of the WuRx. This module was used to demonstrate main advantages of the WuRx based communication compared to the conventional communication of wireless sensor nodes using X-MAC and B-MAC protocols. The results have shown that the WuRx approach is better than conventional MAC communication mechanisms in terms of energy eﬃciency and reliability.

Paper Reference: (SCI-1-8) 1570701700 Title: Design of a Wireless Sensor Node based on MSP430FR5969 for Environment Monitoring Applications Author(s): Mohammad Hossein Tarokh; Dhouha El Houssaini; Christian Viehweger and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Environment monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is considered as a challenging and demanding ﬁeld, which enables to collect and process large amount of data related to the deployment environment. Thus, the performance of the monitoring system is dependent strongly of the hardware capability of the deployed nodes, as well as of the communication protocols and data transmission strategies. In this work, a new wireless sensor node is introduced. The node uses MSP430FR5969 microcontroller, which oﬀers a high processing capability with reduced energy consumption and has a maximum operating frequency of 16 MHz. The node is compact in size with a dimension of dimensions 53×33 mm2. The node consumes an average of 27.35 mA during transmission. Current consumption during the sleep and idle modes are 0.33 mA and 31 mA, respectively. An outdoor application is presented, where the node is equipped with a solar panel for energy harvesting. The battery voltage variation and the Received Signal Strength (RSSI) were continuously measured and evaluated.

Paper Reference: (SCI-2-1) 1570692244 Title: Graphene-based liquid gated field-effect transistor for label-free detection of DNA hybridization Author(s): Xiangdong Kong; Mohamed Bahri; Khouloud Djebbi; Biao Shi; Daming Zhou; Chaker Tlili and Deqiang Wang (China) Abstract – The low noise and the high transconductance of graphene field-effect transistor uplift it as an auspicious candidate for different standard biological applications. Recently, a reliable determination of DNA hybridization’s binding kinetics plays an essential role in biological systems, personalization and precision medicine. Here, we demonstrate a field-effect transistor based on a single CVD-grown graphene layer for label-free DNA hybridization detection. The developed biosensor displays a 7 mV/dec sensitivity in a wide dynamic range spanning 7 orders of magnitude with a detection limit of 15 fM, and exhibited a good selectivity against the non-complementary target. Bio-recognition events result in a negative gate voltage shift of the graphene Dirac point.

Paper Reference: (SCI-2-2) 1570692214 Title: Modeling of a Metamaterial Biosensor Based on Split Ring Resonators for Cancer Cells 22 Detection Author(s): Afef Oueslati; Aymen Hlali and Hassen Zairi (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, a novel design of a biosensor base don Split-Ring Resonator (SRR) is developed for cancer cells detection in the L/C frequency bands (1-8 GHz). A comparative investigation of classic and proposed structures has been developed to demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of the proposed structure.The simulation results show that the proposed structure achieves narrow resonance with low insertion loss, while the Q-factor increases from 1.96 to 2.47.

Paper Reference: (SCI-2-3) 1570705912 Title: Electrochemical immunosensing of Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria In-Vitro: Review Author(s): Hussamaldeen Jaradat; Ammar Al-Hamry; Mohammed Ibbini and Olfa Ka- noun (Jordan–Germany) Abstract – Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria is very widely spread pathogenic bacteria that can be very dangerous bacteria that attacks human gastrointestinal tract. Electrochemical methods in combination with immunosensing (antibody-antigen interaction) is promising to provide unique solutions for biosensing. Thus, electrochemical detection of bacteria is getting more attention. Therefore, this contribution summarizes recent advances in electrochemical immune-detection of Helicobacter Pylori without the need for polymerase chain reaction ampliﬁcation step. In addition, it discusses the challenges of detection of the bacteria in complex samples. Finally, it discusses the future perspective regarding Helicobacter pylori immunosensing.

Paper Reference: (SCI-2-4) 1570695743 Title: CMOS Bio-medical Amplifier based on Tera-Ohm Pseudo-resistor for Bio-detection Sys- tem Author(s): Israa Y. I. AbuShawish and Soliman Mahmoud (UAE) Abstract – This work presents the design of a CMOS bio-medical amplifier using T Ω pseudo- resistor based on MOS transistors operating in the weak inversion region. The pseudo-resistor is utilized as a feedback element in the first and second stage of the two-stages bio-medical amplifiers in the portable bio-detection system. Analytical analysis and simulations in LT-spice using 130 nm CMOS technology are performed to validate the realization of the extremely high resistance which can be reached to over tens of TΩ. The simulation of the two-stages biomedical amplifier based pseudo-resistor are carried out in LT-spice using ±0.6 V supply. The LT-spice simulation results are confirming with both the results obtained by the MATLAB and the analytical analysis of the pseudo-resistor.

Paper Reference: (SCI-2-5) 1570700206 Title: An Ultra Wideband Efficient and Linear Power Amplifier for IEEE 802.15.3a applications Author(s): Hanen Saoudi and Hamadi Ghariani (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper presents 3.1-10.6 GHz efficient and linear CMOS Power Amplifier (PA) suitable for Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) applications. It incorporates a two stage using the current-reuse technique combines with load peaking and source inductive degeneration topologies to optimize group delay variations. The current reused configuration is applied to save the power consumption and improve gain. A new staggered tuning technique is adopted to lower the group delay variation while preserving high gain. The effect proves a high performance. The simulation results show an excellent gain flatness of 28.7±2 dB and good phase linearity property of ±60 ps. An input, output return loss were less than –10.2 dB and –13.7 dB, respectively. A good linearity revealed by the Input third-order Intermodulation Point, which is 6dBm and is unconditionally stable. Furthermore, it achieves a maximum Power Added Efficiency of 33% at 6GHz. Complying with existing trade-offs over the full bandwidth is the main contributions brought about by the proposed PA.

23 Paper Reference: (SCI-2-6) 1570699788 Title: Design and Implementation of a Safe Medical Box to Maintain Insulin Pens in Good Conditions Author(s): Roy Abi Zeid Daou; Elie Boutros; Tony Youssef; Ali Hayek; Josef Boercsoek and Javier Serrano (Lebanon–Germany–Spain) Abstract – Diabetes is becoming one of the most relevant medical problems in today’s world. The insulin pen is a largely used medication to limit the effects of this disease. However, this tool must be reserved in good conditions in order to maintain its efficiency. A very important parameter is the ambient temperature where the insulin pen is placed. The below system provides a solution to monitor and to control the temperature of the insulin pen. It consists of creating a portable medical box with two chambers where new and in-use pens are placed. Based on the temperature of these chambers, a control unit acts to heat up or to cool down the chamber temperature, therefore, the insulin pen reaches again the desirable temperature range. Concerning the applied tools, temperature and object detector sensors have been used to detect the presence of the insulin pen whereas a Peltier device was used to heat up/cool down the chamber temperature. Polystyrene was also implemented in the design of the chamber to create more isolation to the system. In order to increase electrical safety and system accuracy, some components’ redundancy has been applied, mainly at the level of the processing unit and the temperature sensor. The system was tested for several hours while phone application notifications were registered when the chamber temperature was outside the acceptable range. Regarding the control process, tests have shown that the system works well and is very accurate.

Paper Reference: (SCI-2-7) 1570703997 Title: Tonic-Myoclonic Epileptic Seizure Classification based on Surface Electromyography Author(s): Achraf Djemal; Dhouha Bouchaala; Ahmed Fakhfakh and Olfa Kanoun (Tunisia– Germany) Abstract – Epilepsy diagnosis is one of the critical subjects of research in health fields in recent years. The aim of this paper is to detect and classify two types of seizures: Tonic and myoclonic based on surface electromyography signals. Based on data from eight sEMG electrodes on the biceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscle. Several time domain features were investigated, including waveform length, mean absolute value, variance, mobility, complexity, kurtosis, skewness, simple square integral, integrated EMG, root mean square, average amplitude change, standard deviation and entropy. These features are used as inputs to the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier to determine if a data segment corresponds to a seizure or not. Following the development of the ANN model, an evaluation performance in terms of accuracy is presented to validate the results, which reached an accuracy of 93.33%. The overall performance of the presented machine learning algorithm is sufficient for clinical implementation.

Paper Reference: (SCI-3-1) 1570695949 Title: Assembly defect detection using rivets in aeronautical structures Author(s): Leila Troudi and Khaled Jelassi (Tunisia) Abstract – During the flight, the aircraft structure undergoes many vibrations due to aero- dynamics and external factors such as atmospheric turbulence.These vibrations don’t allow the assembly of the different parts of an aircraft by welding because the bond between two welded parts is very fragile and it can break especially at high frequency vibrations. In aeronautics, the assembly is made using the rivets system that makes the bond between the aircraft parts more flexible and provides the necessary resistance to high frequency vibrations exerted on the aeronautics structure in mid-flight. For example, an aircraft wing has thousands of rivets of different types (flat, Button, countersunk flat, full or hollow...) and different sizes (the diameter varies between 2mm and 5mm). The verification of the bad fixing and the bad distribution of the glue on the rivets isn’t an easy task, especially that the addition of the glue is very necessary to increase the resistance of the rivets to the vibrations. The repair of these assembly defects

24 using rivets is very expensive. In this paper, we propose a non-destructive testing method to detect the existence of the glue on the rivet and to check the diameter and the position of the holes where the rivets are ﬁxed.

Paper Reference: (SCI-3-2) 1570700086 Title: Safe-System-on-Chip for Functional Safety Author(s): Josef Boercsoek; Waldemar Mueller; Eike Hahn; Michael H. Schwarz and Mohamed Abdelawwad (Germany–Egypt) Abstract – Various research institutions and semiconductor manufacturers have presented approaches for miniaturized safety systems based on redundant conﬁgurations in the last years. ICAS has been working on approaches for Safety Systems on Chip (SoC) since 2005 and has developed several certiﬁed variants of safety SoCs in this context together with well-known safety manufacturers. In parallel, the further development of the architecture of safety SoCs was also driven forward and manifested with the ReSCU-V1 in 2018. A logical consequence is the development of the ReSCU-V2, with which further architectural developments of the safe SoC design at ICAS in Kassel have succeeded with a practically completely redundant architecture. The resulting SoC was realized on a 180 nm process from UMC. It has a chip size of 5x5 mm and consumes less than 500 mW of power.

Paper Reference: (SCI-3-3) 1570697187 Title: Depth Camera and Laser Sensors Plausibility Evaluation for Small Size Obstacle Detec- tion Author(s): Mohammed S. Mohammed Ali Khesbak (Germany) Abstract – Detecting small-size obstacle objects in an autonomous vehicle or robot driving is considered an important issue in collision avoidance especially in applications such as robot navigation or vehicle parking. In this paper, an eﬀort is made to evaluate the distance detection fusion of a target away from two uncorrelated, diﬀerent technology sensors. The Robot Operating System framework is used to manage data collection between the two sensors and the python software engine. The negative behavior of the single-pixel distance detection of the depth camera was concluded according to the measurement tests creating a plausibility problem for the obstacle detection process as a fused sensor. A solution is also proposed in this paper to overcome this problem using center pixel averaging. The plausibility check algorithm was successfully proposed and tested practically detecting the implausible distance measurements.

Paper Reference: (SCI-3-4) 1570700975 Title: Intelligent multiple Vehicule Detection and Tracking Using Deep-learning and Machine Learning Author(s): Mohamed Ben Youssef; Afef Salhi and Fatma Ben Salem (Tunisia) Abstract – Autonomous vehicles are in full development and vehicles classification is a fundamental part of this new technology in this years. The AVs is very is important solution in smart cities. The electric vehicle EV is one of the solutions recommended by the vehicle manufacturers and research organizations to reduce noise pollution, fuel consumption, real time and time execution for tasks in networking EV. The transport and mobility sector has for more than a decade seen a fundamental change in its organization due to a double technological revolution and use a new forms of mobility. This motion has profound consequences on the relationship that citizens maintain with mobility. It also proposes a physical platform able to perform a form of platooning using Artificial Intelligence (AI) with scheduler to create platoons with miniature vehicle. Platform called Autonomous Learning Intelligent Vehicles is the association of multiple physical cars coupled with an infrastructure, which handles the data of every single car and makes decisions based on the augmented environmental. In this solution, we present tracking and detection of EVs in parking or in station. So, we change communications EVs, giving priority to charging demands over other types of sms lower priority messages. Finally, we propose an efficient admission control mechanism to manage EVs traffic and to provide quality 25 of Service to charging demand messages in terms of strict delay to avoid both a long latency of EV users and a network overload in high offered load conditions.

Paper Reference: (SCI-3-5) 1570698131 Title: Enhancement of Reliability and Precision of Navigation by Odometry Author(s): Richard Thum and Josef Börcsök (Germany) Abstract – New technologies offer decisive advantages over stationary conveyor systems. They are much more flexible in terms of routing. Traffic routes can be used jointly by people and the conveyor technology elements, the autonomously navigating systems. In order to realise this, a high level of availability and reliability is required in the self-positioning of the vehicles. Since individual sensors can fail in different and conditionally detectable ways, redundant architectures are used. In the example shown, the availability and accuracy of the recorded trajectory can be improved with a 3oo6 architecture. Even several simultaneously occurring errors can be detected and the vehicle is transferred to a safe state if necessary.

Paper Reference: (SCI-3-6) 1570699975 Title: A Secure IoT-enabled Sensor Node for Traffic Light Management and Level of Service Computation Author(s): Imed Saad Ben Dhaou (Saudi Arabia–Tunisia) Abstract – This paper advocates a secure sensor node for IoT-enabled traffic light system. The node is composed of a magnetoresistive sensor, a microcontroller, and a communication module. The sensor node communicates with the traffic light controller using the Zigbee protocol. The system can also count the number of the vehicle to determine the level of service. The sensor node uses an elliptic curve digital signature algorithm for secure communication with the traffic light controller. The implementation results show that the system has a latency of less than 1.4 sec and resilient to side-channel attack using the secp160r1 curve parameters. The system consumes on average 148 mW at 3.3V.

Paper Reference: (SCI-4-1) 1570702378 Title: SoC approach for low cost and low power consumption based on ARM Cortex M3 according to ISO 26262 Author(s): Muhammad Ikram Hafiz; Mohamed Abdelawwad; Waldemar Mueller; Eike Hahn and Josef Boercsoek (Germany–Egypt) Abstract – The next milestone in the automotive industry is to achieve the complete autonomous driving capability. This demands high performance computing controllers and a larger number of Electronic Controller Units (ECUs) for realizing this goal. Also, the current shift towards electric cars where the battery capacity is limited, urges for new efficient approaches. Therefore, developing compact, miniaturized integrated controller that encompasses all the features is essential for minimizing the power consumption. At the same time, this approach of ECUs must also ensure the cost efficiency. To address and handle this need, the reduction in the ECUs numbers is necessary to reduce the cost factor but at the same time not compromising on the functionalities. Therefore, the approach of integrating these individual features in a single ECU is a promising way forward, i.e., System-on-Chip (SoC). To design and implement such an SoC for the automotive industry that ensures the safe operation of the controlled functions, it must follow a particular development criterion according to the ISO 26262 - functional safety of the road vehicles. This work focuses on the development of an SoC according to the ISO 26262 standard based on ARM Cortex M3 architecture which is an attractive candidate due to its low cost and low power consumption.

Paper Reference: (SCI-4-2) 1570692142 Title: An approach for an eﬃcient sharing of IP as a Service in cloud FPGA

26 Author(s): Rym Skhiri; Virginie Fresse; Jihene Malek; Benoit Suffran and Jean-Paul Ja- mont (Tunisia–France) Abstract – Using FPGAs in the cloud has rapidly and significantly increased over the last few years. FPGA devices can be either integrated to support the cloud infrastructure or used as a computing resources. FPGA are available as a computing resources for enabling the designers to accelerate their applications. Putting FPGA environment in the cloud called FPGA as a service, have proposed different services. These existing services cannot solve all challenges. In this paper, we propose a new service called Intellectual Property (IP) as a Service trying to resolve the unsolved challenges. This service will allow easily and quickly exploit and share IP in the cloud.

Paper Reference: (SCI-4-3) 1570699997 Title: Design and Implementation of a Band-Pass SD Modulator Model with Non-Idealities using Simplorer VHDL Author(s): Nejmeddine Sifi and Raja Maghrebi (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper describes an implementation of a band-pass sigma-delta modulator behavioral model in Simplorer VHDL AMS. The model includes most of the non-idealities which affect the performance of the component, such as sampling jitter, kT/C noise and op- erational amplifier parameters. A comparison with another model, implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK by Brigati et al., is made to highlight and validate the proposed model. The spectrum plot and the Power Spectral Density of the output signal are also presented to evaluate the characteristics of the modulator model. Simulation results obtained using a second-order band-pass sigma-delta modulator demonstrate the validity of the model by the mean of esti- mating signal-to-noise and distortion ratios and some non-linearity errors such as differential non-linearity and integral non-linearity.

Paper Reference: (SCI-4-4) 1570692262 Title: Numerical validation of experimental results for the dynamic behavior of sandwich structures Author(s): Najah Hamamed; Slim Bouaziz; Hamdi Hentati; Mohamed Haddar; El Rachid Guerjouma and Nourdin Yaakoubi (Tunisia–France) Abstract – In this paper, numerical and experimental studies are elaborated in order to study the dynamic behavior and frequency responses of structures at micro scale. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effect of the thickness on frequency responses and mode shapes and to validate experimental results obtained by the laser vibrometer measurement with numerical simulation. Different sandwich structures, such as cantilever beam and membrane are elaborated for different thickness. The obtained results show an agreement between numerical simulations and experimental ones but there is a small margin of error which is explained by various parameters that we will mention in the discussion section.

Paper Reference: (SCI-4-5) 1570695288 Title: Regulated Step-Up Power Supplies: Design and Simulation Author(s): Acacio Amaral and Antonio J. Marques Cardoso (Portugal) Abstract – This paper presents a technique that can be used in the design of step-up regulated power supplies. The proposed technique enables the proper selection of the components that compose the power supply. This power supply increases its input voltage through a full wave voltage doubler, which replaces the typical full bridge rectiﬁer. The selection of the capacitors that compound the voltage doubler is not simple, particularly, when a current-hungry load is connected to the circuit. In this paper a detailed analysis of a full wave voltage doubler is carried out, and simultaneously, some design formulas are presented that can be used very proliﬁcally during the design process. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique an experimental prototype was assembled.

27 Paper Reference: (SCI-4-6) 1570702896 Title: Regulated Step-Up Power Supplies: Design and Simulation Author(s): Oumaima Bader; Dhia Haddad; Ahmed Yahia Kallel; Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Cable identification has a significant role in cable maintenance and fault detection. Before replacing defective cables in a network, they must be properly identified. In this paper, a novel method for coaxial communication cables identification based on scattering parameters is proposed. The input port reflection’s magnitude measured by a Nano Vector Network Analyzer at 101 frequencies for 10 coaxial communication cables are used as features for the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm. The investigation is held on cables of various lengths, dimensions and connector types. The cable’s length, type and connectors are considered as a unique class. The classification accuracy reached is 99% for a test set composed of 100 measurements.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-1) 1570699830 Title: Communication SoC based on 1oo2D architecture for industrial human-robot- collaboration Author(s): Mohamed Abdelawwad; Malte Drabesch; Michael H. Schwarz; Muhammad Ikram Hafiz and Josef Boercsoek ( Germany) Abstract – The mechanical force imparted by industrial robots is enormous and can lead to dangerous situations for human workers and property if they malfunction. System designs based on the redundancy concept are essential to avoid or mitigate the resulting risk, which is recommended by the various safety standards. In this paper, a 1oo2D based safety SoC that provides multiple Ethernet communication interfaces is presented. Two different design approaches are implemented using the in-house FPGA development board based on the LEON3 soft processor. The software algorithms for each approach are developed and verified.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-2) 1570700087 Title: Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Force Myography Measurements Using KNN Clas- sifier Author(s): Bilel Ben Atitallah; Malak Fora; Khaldon Lweesy and Olfa Kanoun (Germany– Jordan) Abstract – Hand gesture recognition presents one of the most important aspects for human- machine interface (HMI) development, and it has a wide spectrum of applications including sign language recognition for deaf and dumb people. Herein, force myography signals (FMG) are extracted using eight nanocomposite CNT/PDMS pressure sensors simultaneously. Data were collected from eight healthy volunteers for American sign language digits 0-9. Two sets of features were used, set one is composed of mean, standard deviation and RMS values for the raw FMG data for all 8 sensors individually and set two is composed of the 2-norm of the raw FMG signal and three proportional features, where the FMG signal studied with respect to the reference rest signal. The classification was performed using seven individual features as well as the combination of features in each set. The combination of features in set two gives better testing accuracy of 95%, 91.9% for k=2, k=3 using KNN classifier, respectively.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-3) 1570703001 Title: A parallel Architecture of a Genetic Algorithm for EIT Image Reconstruction Author(s): Mariem Hafsa; Bilel Ben Atitallah; Taha Ben Salah; Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Nowadays, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has become an interesting bio-medical imaging technique, it is non-invasive and shows great potential in medical investigation. The EIT presents high performances in conductivity mapping of the inner structure of a speciﬁc target. A set of electrodes are placed around the measured target where an excitation current is injected in a pre-deﬁned frequency. This excitation will cause a variation of the po-

28 tential distribution and consequently in the conductivity distribution of the measured medium. Therefore, boundary voltages are recorded, which will be used to provide the tomography image of the addressed cross-section. In this paper, the focus will be on the image reconstruction algorithm in order to reach high-quality images. A water tank set-up is used for the experiments where a conductive object is placed inside. Then, a genetic algorithm has been implemented in a parallel form to reduce the execution time by using a master/slave architecture. Moreover, to reach a high and accurate conductivity image, a reference technique has been integrated called the non-blind search. Further, a comparison study of genetic operators’ configuration is carried out in terms of fitness values and object position identification. Nine combinations are tested, where the uniform crossover/random mutation shows the highest performance in object position identification with a fitness value equal to 0.0505.A comparison between the implemented solution and commonly used algorithms is established as well, where the genetic algorithm was able to outperform them in terms of fitness values.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-4) 1570695969 Title: Design and evaluation of a low energy Bluetooth sensor node for animal monitoring Author(s): Kunal Shyamadas Burman; Sven Schmidt; Dhouha El Houssaini and Olfa Ka- noun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – New trends and advancements in communication and sensing technologies in Precision Farming (PF) offer opportunities to farmers for a continuous and real-time monitoring applications, which is mainly based on the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Animal monitoring and supervision is one critical aspect in PF, where various type of sensing and control systems are employed. However, available solutions for animal monitoring portrait a compromise between performance and system efficiency in terms of energy consumption, memory allocation, hardware size and cost. In this work, an energy-efficient, light weight and cost-effective wireless sensor node for animal monitoring is designed. The designed system is compact and small in size with dimension 26×33 mm. During its active state, the current consumption of the designed sensor node using ADXL is in the range from 3 to 9 mA at a sampling frequency of 12 Hz.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-5) 1570695836 Title: Sensor Data Augmentation Strategy for Load Forecasting in Smart Grid Context Author(s): Asma Maalej and Chiheb Rebai (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper deals with data augmentation process to enhance the performance of machine learning models. The work is based on load forecasting using support vector regression (SVR) models. A new strategy of data augmentation process based on Gaussian noise addition is proposed. Simulations show a reduction of 10% of distortion measured by RMSE metric.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-6) 1570699980 Title: Vehicle Detection System for Smart Crosswalks Using Sensors and Machine Learning Techniques Author(s): JoséManuel Lozano Dom´ınguez; Faroq Al-Tam; Tomás de Jesús Mateo Sanguino and Noelia Correia (Spain–UK–Portugal) Abstract – Cities are transforming into smart areas thanks to several key technologies involving artificial intelligence (AI), 5G or big data aimed at improving the lives of their inhabitants with new services (e.g., transport systems, including road safety). In this field, the paper describes how to improve vehicle detection through several machine learning techniques applied to smart crosswalks. As a main advantage, this approach avoids readjusting labels in classic fuzzy classifiers that typically depends on the system location and road conditions. To address this, various AI methods were evaluated with data taken from real traffic pertaining to roads in Spain and Portugal. The machine learning techniques were random forest (RF), extremely ran- domized trees (extra-tree), deep reinforcement learning (DRL), time series forecasting (TSF), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and logistic regression (LR). The re- 29 sults were validated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, obtaining the best performance in RF with a true positive rate (TPR) of 96.82%, false positive rate (FPR) of 1.73% and accuracy (ACC) of 97.85%. This was followed by DRL and TSF, while MLP and LR presented the worst outcomes.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-7) 1570699658 Title: Design optimization of spiral coils for textile applications by genetic algorithm Author(s): Yosra Ben Fadhel; Ghada Bouattour; Dhouha Bouchaala; Nabil Derbel and Olfa Kanoun (Tunisia–Germany) Abstract – Resonant inductive coupling (RIC) systems have undergone a remarkable improvement thanks to several research efforts. Nevertheless, practical difficulties and stringent design requirements still present several limitations and challenges to overcome. One of the important concerns is how to design the coils for the desired power level with a high efficiency considering all design constraints and parameters, i.e. the number of turns, the frequency, the air gap, etc. A planar spiral coil can be considered as an inductance connected in series with internal resistance. The coil resistance significantly decreases the power transfer efficiency (PTE) in resonant inductive coupling wireless power transfer (RIC WPT) applications, since it leads to power losses. In this paper, we have suggested a numerical optimization method based on genetic algorithms (GA) that gives the best coil parameters ensuring the highest coil quality factor, by respecting the system design constraints such as the frequency and the used material. In this paper, we propose a model for a silver planar spiral coil and an operating frequency of 100 kHz, following the Qi guidelines. Obtained results show the efficiency of genetic algorithms for giving the optimal solution for designing spiral coils, without the need to simplify the model function.

Paper Reference: (SCI-5-8) 1570700095 Title: Sliding Mode Control of an Inductive Power Transmission System with Maximum Effi- ciency Author(s): Abdullah Adawi; Ghada Bouattour; Mohammed Ibbini; Nabil Derbel and Olfa Kanoun (Jordan–Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Sliding mode control (SMC) is used to regulate the output power of an inductive power transfer (IPT) system with maximum efficiency tracking. Load variations and misalign- ment are the main factors that affect the output power and efficiency of the system. For that, SMC is used on the transmitter side to track the minimum input current in order to realize the maximum efficiency by regulating the duty cycle of the DC-DC boost converter connected to the power supply. However, SMC is used to access the desired output voltage by controlling the DC-DC boost converter connected to the load on the receiving side. Different control techniques that the SMC proposes are exploited on the sending and receiving side to achieve the desired output. Simulation results illustrate that the desired output voltage is achieved with different loads and different input voltages with 76% system efficiency. Moreover, the maximum efficiency has been achieved when the coupling factor is 0.7, while the maximum input power is achieved when the coupling factor is 0.1.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-1) 1570700027 Title: Extended range of a MEMS electrostatic actuator using an adjustable linear controller Author(s): Hatem Samaali and Fehmi Najar (Tunisia) Abstract – Electrostatic MEMS actuators suﬀer from a limited travel range to nearly one- third of the initial electrostatic gap distance because of the nonlinearity of the electrostatic force. This limitation, that restrict its performances, can be extended by controlling its stability through a series of adjustable capacitors. We develop a mathematical model of the system that incorporates all nonlinearities in order to represent a more realistic model. Static and transient analysis of the design are explored for their range of stable solutions. The simulation results

30 show that the introduced linear controller can extend the range of travel up to 96% of its initial value.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-2) 1570682640 Title: An efficient Design of three-input XOR gate in QCA technology Author(s): Ismail Gassoumi; Lamjed Touil and Abdellatif Mtibaa (Tunisia) Abstract – Recently, Low power and reduced heat dissipation are an increasing demand for digital systems. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a future generation solution based on nanotechnology for the digital systems. The QCA systems have advantages like the small size, ultralow power consumption and high switching frequency. The present research aims at introducing a novel three-input XOR gate containing 12 cells. The energy dissipation analysis of the proposed gate is verified using three different energy levels (γ =0.5Ek, γ =1.0Ek and γ =1.5Ek) at T = 2 Kelvin temperature. The results obtained using the QCADesigner reliable simulation tool demonstrate the superiority of the presented structure over existing designs by taking the cell numbers used, the area occupied, the delay and energy dissipation as design metrics.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-3) 1570695290 Title: A Compact 20GHz Dynamic Latch Comparator in 65nm CMOS Process Author(s): Jerome Folla kamdem; Evariste Wembe tafo; Bernard Essimbi zobo; Maria Liz Crespo and Andres Cicuttin (Italy–Cameroon) Abstract – This work reports techniques for designing an ultra-high speed dynamic latch comparator. The effective transconductance of the cross-coupled devices consisting the latch mechanism has been improved using a compact architecture, then reducing mismatch and parasitic, increasing therefore the regeneration speed. The pre-charge step of the preamplifier has been speeded-up using an enhanced differential pair amplifier based active NMOS load. Monte-Carlo analysis of the proposed circuit implemented in 65nm CMOS process, proved that the device can achieve 20GHz sampling frequency while consuming only 78µW of power from 1V supply voltage. The high-speed behavior of the circuit was guaranteed with 14.28ps time delay and 4.45mV offset voltage. The compact circuit layout occupied only 133.15µm2 of active area.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-4) 1570700114 Title: A Green Deformation Sensor Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Bio-Derived Ionic Liquids Author(s): Carlo Trigona; Salvatore Graziani; Santhosh Kurukunda; Giovanna Di Pasquale; Antonio Pollicino; Alvo Aabloo and Kaija P˜ohako-Esko (Italy) Abstract – Mechanoelectrical transducers based on biocomposites are relevant to the realization of sensing systems compliant with circular economy. In the paper, we propose a novel bio-derived generating deformation sensor, based on Bacterial Cellulose, choline malonate as a Bio-Derived Ionic Liquid, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate as a conductive polymer for electrodes realization. The proposed device is a greener device with respect to the state of the art of generating mechanoelectrical transducers based on Bacterial Cellulose. In the paper, the performance of the transducer, when conditioned either in open circuit or short circuit conditions are investigated and compared.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-5) 1570692241 Title: Noise and temperature compensation for Graphene-ISFET micro-sensor Author(s): Ahmed Gaddour; Belgacem Hamdi and Mounir Ben Ali (Tunisia) Abstract – This work presents a new conditioning circuit for a CMOS compatible GrISFET micro-sensor, which carries out a temperature-compensation and noise reduction using a compact analog-circuit. The circuit is designed for a generic GrISFET micro-sensor, which was modelled in TopSPICE, using the AMS 0.35 µM CMOS process. The presented read-out cir- 31 cuit and the GrISFET sensor work under same condition. The proposed circuit shows a good immunity against noise and temperature variation.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-6) 1570695943 Title: Adaptive Compensation Technique of quartz crystal parallel parasitic capacitance Author(s): Atman Jbari; Larbi Bellarbi and Abdelhamid Errachid (Morocco–France) Abstract – In this paper, we propose a new instrumentation compensation technique of the parallel parasitic capacitance of quartz crystal sensor. The compensation is necessary to improve the measurement of studied parameters: series resonance frequency and motional resistance. After the presentation of the proposed compensation technique, we develop the architecture of the programmable analog multiplier whose adaptive gain allows the production of output voltage required to inject the opposite current of parasitic capacitance. Simulation results evaluate the performance of the proposed technique with analysis and discussion.

Paper Reference: (SCI-6-7) 1570700045 Title: Exploitation of Chemo-Electrical Transduction Properties of Soil in Function of Radia- tion Doses Author(s): Andrea Baglieri; Anna M Gueli; Martina Pace; Stefania Pasquale; Ivana Puglisi and Carlo Trigona (Italy) Abstract – The research concerns the study of a device composed of two electrical contacts with the soil inside a container that showed good potentialities as transducer based on chemo- electrical principle typically used for biological fuel cell and green sensors. The main objective of the work here presented is the correlation between the content of microorganisms of the soil and the response in terms of voltage generation. In order to accomplish this task, the measurements have been performed considering the output response of a soil as a function of energy radiation doses. As standard reference, soils were also sterilized by heat. Particular emphasis is given to the reduction of the microbial activities in the soil using diﬀerent dose values and temperature values considering the correlation with the output signal. The measurements campaign here addressed demonstrate the suitability of the transduction principle for the design of suitable green devices useful for the realization of transducer and sensing systems.

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-1) 1570692136 Title: Enhanced Ultraviolet sensing performance of Au/TiO2 nanoparticles Author(s): Fatma Ben Amor; Najeh Hamdaoui; Amine Mezni and Ridha Ajjel (Tunisia–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – The purpose of the work is to evaluate the performance of titanium dioxide nanoparticles based Ultraviolet photodetector decorated with Au nanoparticles (NPs) under 375 nm wavelength Ultraviolet light and at room temperature. The fabricated device shows an important responsivity about 100A/W. Moreover, it achieved the highest detectivity of 10 14 Jones and high response speed (rise/ decay time of 0.96 s/9.6s).

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-2) 1570692140 Title: Trapping/detrapping induced negative differential resistance in Cu/Ni:ZnO/InGa Schot- tky diode Author(s): Nejeh Ben mohamed Hamdaoui; Fatma Ben Amor; Amine Mezni and Ridha Aj- jel (Tunisia) Abstract – A Schottky diode based Cu/Ni:ZnO/InGa structure has been fabricated. The electrical characterization have highlighted the presence of negative differential resistance (NDR) effect and negative photoconductivity (NPC) in one device and at room temperature. The NDR effect can be explained in terms of trappings and detrapping of the mobile charges at the interface Cu/ Ni:ZnO. The main cause of the NPC effect is a combination between carriers

32 injection by the external ﬁeld and photocarriers due to UV illumination. Therefore, these two eﬀects (NDR and NPC) contribute to the optical switching process in our equipment.

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-3) 1570689180 Title: Photovoltaic investigation of CPDT based small molecule for BHJ OSC devices Author(s): Rania Zaier; Masatoshi Kozaki and Sahbi Ayachi (Tunisia–Japan) Abstract – In recent years, Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ OSCs) based small molecules take leading position of industrialization for their considerable opto-electronic properties and uncomplicated fabrication process. Materials based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) have been widely used thanks to their interesting structural and electronic characteristics. Here we report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of a CPDT-based material namely 6,6’-(2,5-bis (hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene) bis(2-methyl -4H- cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b’] dithiophen-4-one) (CPDT-alt-BHP) as donor small molecule in a BHJ OSC. The synthesized molecule shows a rigid and planar structure with small band gap energy. The electronic properties have been investigated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31g(d) level of theory. The studied molecule displayed an optical absorption in the visible region with λmax = 404nm. Transition density matrix (TDM) plot was carried out to get insight into the hole-electron coherences at the first excited state. The photovoltaic parameters of CPDTBHP:[70]PCBM system were simulated using wxAMPS software. The designed BHJ OSC exhibited respectable fill factor (FF) of 81.13%, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 6.089 mA cm-2 and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.922%. The studied compound offers significant structural and optoelectronic properties that could be enhanced via judicious molecular tuning.

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-4) 1570704259 Title: Dry Flexible Electrode Based on MWCNT for LongTerm Health Monitoring Author(s): Chiraz Naggara; Dhouha Bouchaala; Rajarajan Ramalingame; Nabil Derbel and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Dry flexible electrodes are most used in the application of long-term medical monitoring systems due to their good stability. They are considered as an alternative to the commercial silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes, which are not suitable for long- term monitoring due to skin allergies and signal degradation, caused by the conductive gel drying over time. In this paper, a flexible gel-free electrode, composed of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is designed for long-term health monitoring. To avoid MWCNTs aggregation and to achieve uniform distributions within the polymer, ultrasonic dispersion method using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent is considered an effective, less time consuming as compared to conventional dispersing systems, though direct ultrasonication. To optimize the performance of electrode, two electrode sizes are investigated with a diameter of 2 and 3 cm to compare the electrical properties. In comparison with wet electrodes, 3 cm diameter and 3 wt% CNT concentration electrode has lower electrode-meat contact impedance leading to bioimpedance measurement.

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-5) 1570704919 Title: Investigation of Hybrid Epoxy Composite Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications Author(s): Amina Brahem; Ayda Bouhamed; Ammar Al-Hamry; Mounir Ben Ali and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper we investigate the feasibility of epoxy-based electrodes for electrochemical sensors. Epoxy is a durable polymer and can lead to chemically stable electrodes, but it has a low conductivity. By adding nanoparticles with high conductivity to it, its conductivity can be signiﬁcantly enhanced. A novel electrode material has been realized based on an epoxy nanocomposite and has been investigated in a three-electrode electrochemical sensor. A comparison between three types of dispersions in terms of time optimization was carried out by running cyclic voltammetry in ferric ferrocyanide solution A signiﬁcantly enhancement 33 in the electrochemical activity is carried out for this redox couple between the three types of electrodes. The results show, that an extremely small quantity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of 1 wt. % and silver nanoparticles (Ags) of 0.2 wt. % is necessary to reach an acceptable conductivity about 0.1 S/m by a sonication time of 40 min. The obtained novel epoxy sensor with 40 min dispersion is applicable for electrochemical applications; since we reached an electroactive surface area about 0.1 mm2 and a peak potential separation (?Ep) of 0.459 V, which are better than those obtained in 30 min and 50 min dispersion under the same conditions.

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-6) 1570702898 Title: Highly-Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator based on BZT/PVDF-HFP for Mechanical Energy Harvesting Author(s): Khawla Jeder; Ayda Bouhamed; Hamadi Khemakhem and Olfa Kanoun (Germany– Tunisia) Abstract – Barium titanate (BaTiO3) as a kind of lead-free biocompatible ceramics, has become one of the most promising piezoelectric materials for fabricating piezoelectric nanogenerator. In order to increase the electrical performance of nanomaterials, Zirconium acetate was doped into BaTiO3 to form barium zirconate titanate (BaZrxTi1-xO3, short for BZT). In this study, we introduce a highly eﬃcient piezoelectric energy harvester based on a Pb-free repre- sentative compound BaZr0.1Ti0.9O3. Barium zirconate titanate (BZT) powders were prepared by sol-gel process. Piezoelectric nanogenerators were fabricated by various concentrations (10 wt.%; 15 wt.%; 20 wt.%; 25 wt.% and 30 wt.%) of BZT particles dispersed in PVDF-HFP matrix to form a nanocomposite. The electrical properties as well as the piezoelectric performance of the materials are monitored for the fabricated nanocomposite in mechanical energy harvesting. The as-prepared piezoelectric device of 20 wt.% BZT in PVDF-HFP exhibits an enhanced output voltage up to 4.6 V and power of 12.807 µW. Complex impedance plots show arcs which explain the impedance results. It can be seen that for 20 wt.% of BZT. The conducting charge reaches maximum, and therefore we contribute to the relaxation in the piezoelectric materials.

Paper Reference: (SCI-7-7) 1570703012 Title: Comparative Study of Digital Filters for Smart Glove Functionalized with Nanocomposite Strain Sensor Author(s): Bilel Ben Atitallah; Jose Roberto Bautista-Quijano; Haythem Ayari; Ahmed Yahia Kallel; Dhouha Bouchaala; Nabil Derbel and Olfa Kanoun (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract –Nowadays, the demand for flexible and wearable measurement systems is significantly increasing. Thereby, sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) materials are gaining importance due to their high flexibility, sensitivity and medical compatibility. Nanocompos- ite based strain sensors present an interesting potential of movements detection that helps to build the basis for body attached sensor networks, which have the capability for tracking finger movements, gestures and grasping. However, the output of the sensor is noisy and having outliers due to the random deformation of the CNT conductive paths during applied strain, which needs to be filtered. This paper presents S-TPU/C-TPU strain sensors attached to a glove for hand gesture recognition. A filtering study has been conducted of four digital filters for real- time processing of the recorded data (Moving average, Moving median, Savitzky-Golay, and Gaussian), which is required to improve the quality of the data for better gesture identification and classification. The filters are evaluated based on their real-time response and smoothing performance. The Savitzky-Golay filter was found to be the most suitable filter to remove the inherent noises and smooth the baseline and curves of the signal with a fast real-time response equal to 0.072s.

34 CSP Papers

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-1) 1570699917 Title: Deep Learning Approach for COVID-19 Detection Based on X-Ray Images Author(s): Hayat Odeh; Taqwa Alomari and Mohammed Ibbini (Jordan) Abstract – COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has invaded the world since 2019 starting from China. It is caused by a new member of the corona viruses’ family that attacks the respiratory system of living body leading to fever, cough, general tiredness and to death in worst case scenarios. The disease is commonly detected by RT-PCR tests, which is time consuming and relatively expensive. The need for faster, cheaper, and more precise diagnostic tool raised the demand for the utilization of technology and artificial intelligence in this purpose. This study aims to build a robust deep learning algorithm using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that is capable to classify chest X-ray images into COVID-19, viral pneumonia, and normal cases. X-ray is a safe and inexpensive imaging system that is available at all hospitals and healthcare centers. A novel CNN model built from scratch (COV-X) has been introduced and shown 94% accuracy in the classification purpose. VGG16, VGG19, RESNET50, XCEPTION, and MOBILENET are pre-trained models that have shown an accuracy of 95%, 95%, 33%, 65%, and 77%, respectively. Findings prove that deep learning is an effective technique for early detection of COVID-19, it provides automatic detection with high reliability to help the healthcare professions and avoid the pandemic from spreading more.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-2) 1570692263 Title: Deep Multi-modal Object Detection for Autonomous Driving Author(s): Amal Ennajar; Nadia Khouja; Rémi Boutteau and Fethi Tlili (Tunisia) Abstract – Robust perception in autonomous vehicles is a huge challenge that is the main tool for detecting and tracking the different kinds of objects around the vehicle. The aim is to reach the capability of the human level, which is frequently realized by taking utility of several sensing modalities. This lead to make the sensor combination a main part of the recognition system. In this paper, we present methods that have been proposed in the literature for the different deep multi-modal perception techniques. We focus on works dealing with the combination of radar information with other sensors. The radar data are in fact very important mainly when weather conditions and precipitation affect the quality of the data. In this case, it is crucial to have at least some sensors that are immunized against different weather conditions and radar is one of them.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-3) 1570695952 Title: Slim MobileNet: An Enhanced Deep Convolutional Neural Network Author(s): Safa Bouguezzi; Hassene Faiedh and Chokri Souani (Tunisia) Abstract – The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is dominant in computer vision applications such as object detection, traffic sign recognition, image classification, face recognition applications, etc. The MobileNet model is a CNN architecture that was constructed to be implemented on an embedded board. However, there are constraints of such architecture for the hardware deployment, which is the limited memory of micro-controller units. This paper proposes an enhanced version of MobileNet that verify the condition to be implemented on an embedded board while improved the accuracy. The proposed model obtained the name of Slim MobileNet because of its small size of 7.3 MB. Slim MobileNet has fewer number of layers, improved accuracy while depreciating the overall size of the model and lower average time compared to the MobileNet-V1 model. We achieve a significant accuracy by replacing the ReLU activation function with the Tanh Exponential (TanhExp) activation function and by making some modifications in the unit of depthwise separable convolution. The small size of Slim MobileNet is occurred by dropping some layers from the original architecture of baseline MobileNet. The experiment is realized using the CIFAR-10 database.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-4) 1570700079 Title: Deep Batch-normalized eLU AlexNet For Plant Diseases Classification Author(s): Alaeddine Hmidi and Jihene Malek (Tunisia) Abstract – In early work, the automatic recognition problem of plant diseases relied on traditional machine learning techniques such as Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). However, in recent years new approaches have moved towards the application of Deep Learning (DL) and convolutional neural network which is described as a dominant tool in this field. In this work, we introduce a model with an architecture based on the AlexNet model for the plant diseases classification from leaf images. We present a deeper version of AlexNet with size (3x3) convolution, normalization, regularization, and linear exponential unit (eLU) layers. The training and testing of the proposed model was performed on a PlantVillage dataset. 35 This proposed model obtained precision and a high gain in convergence learning speed. It achieved 99.48% classification accuracy with 17.54x fewer parameters compared to AlexNet.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-5) 1570689184 Title: Deep Pre-trained Models for Computer Vision Applications: Traffic sign recognition Author(s): Soulef Bouaafia; Seifeddine Messaoud; Amna Maraoui; Ahmed Chiheb Ammari; Lazhar Khriji and Mohsen Machhout (Tunisia–Oman) Abstract – Objects detection and Recognition are an important task for computer vision field and intelligent transportation systems. Generally, these tasks remain challenging for the artificial machines due to the need of pre-learning phase in which the machine acquires an intelligent brain. Some researchers have shown that deep learning tools work well in computer vision, image processing, and pattern recognition. To solve such tasks, this paper focuses on deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and its architectures, such as, VGG16, VGG19, AlexNet, and Resnet50. An overview for the techniques and schemes used for computer vision applications such as Road Sign Recognition will be introduced. Then by customizing the hyperparameters for each pre- trained models, we re-implement these models for the traffic sign recognition application. In the experiments, these pre-trained CNN classifiers are trained and tested with the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark dataset (GTSRB). Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieved a good performance results in terms of evaluations metrics of traffic signs recognition. A performance comparison analysis between the selected pre-trained models for traffic sign recognition confirmed that the AlexNet model outperforms all other implemented models.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-6) 1570695737 Title: Z-Pooling Author(s): Vincent Vigneron; Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte and Hichem Maaref (France–Brazil) Abstract – A convolutional neural network (CNN) consists of neurons with learnable weights. it is formed by a stack of processing layers which makes it possible to compress the information by reducing the size of the intermediate image (often by subsampling). Much of CNN’s success has been in translation invariance. The other part resides in the fact that thanks to a judicious choice of architecture, the network is able to make decisions taking into account the whole image. The pooling layer is at the heart of every CNN contributing to the invariance of data variation and disruption. It describes the part of the input image that a neuron in the output layer can see. This approach has rarely been questioned. We provide an alternative way to extend the pooling function for extracting texture descriptors in the images. Not only does it arbitrarily increase the receptive field in a parameterless fashion but it can better tolerate rotations since the pooling layers are independent of the geometric arrangement or sizes of the image regions. Different combinations of pooling functions produce images capable of emphasizing low/high frequencies, contours, etc. Our approach leads to CNN models which can optimally exploit information in their receptive field.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-7) 1570700201 Title: Schizophrenia Diagnosis from fMRI data Based on Deep Curvelet Transform Author(s): Wiem Takrouni and Ali Douik (Tunisia) Abstract – Combining neuroimaging data with machine learning has an important potential for the classification of Schizophrenia disease. This work presents a short deep-learning history and introduces one novel solution for fMRI image classification. Our deep convolutional Curvelet Transform Network (CTN) is divided into both levels: The feature learning level is to extract the deep features utilizing the deep curvelet transform depend on multiscale approximation MSA. The latter is utilized to determine the hidden inputs layer. Subsequently, those inputs are purified by utilizing the Real Adaboost technique to choose the best corresponding to each fMRI image. The second level involves building an AutoEncoder (AE) utilizing the best choice of the curvelet of all series of fMRI images. An intelligent pooling is applied after a sequence of stacked AEs for each hidden layer to obtain our deep convolutional CTN architecture of the classification level. Our experimental tests use three different datasets: COBRE, WUSTL, and UCLA. These datasets are given classification rates, using our deep architecture, of 99.9%, 99.2%, and 98.6%, respectively. Compared to those cited approaches, our results indicate that our architecture can achieve better performance for all datasets.

Paper Reference: (CSP-1-8) 1570700127 Title: Deep Learning Algorithm to Predict The Integration Eﬃciency Of Wind Turbine In Smart Grid Author(s): Ferdaws Ben Naceur; Achraf Jabeur Telmoudi and Mohamed Ali Mahjoub (Tunisia)

36 Abstract – This paper deals with the problem of the energy management in smart grids. To achieve this objective, a deep learning forecasting algorithm is realized to estimate the smart grid parameters, wind speed, wind turbine power and power consumption, so as to optimize the consumption energy. All results are checked carrying out Matlab simulation using real wind speed and consumption data. The simulation results give a good performance of our proposed management system.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-1) 1570695632 Title: IoT Based Remote Laboratory for Solar Energy Experiments: Design and Implementation Author(s): Kasim M. Al-Aubidy; Abdallah W. Al-Mutairi and Hudefah Al-kashashneh (Jordan) Abstract – Remote laboratories oﬀer real experiences that students deal with over the Internet using computers or smartphones. This paper presents a technical method for connecting real devices in a laboratory so that students can access them over the Internet to conduct real experiments on devices in the lab from anywhere, anytime. The proposed remote lab includes a set of experiments, and each experiment has a set of devices. Each experiment is designed in a way that allows the learner to select a certain experiment and study the functions of each device to achieve its objective. By using the remote laboratory, students will be able to study the basic characteristics of each component used in the experiment and measure several parameters in order to acquire the necessary skills they need. This paper presents the hardware and software design of a remote solar lab and the results obtained from laboratory experiments conducted online. The next step is to implement the proposed system in the Solar Energy Laboratory at the Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Philadelphia University, Jordan.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-2) 1570696076 Title: A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy Dissipation in LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Author(s): Musaria Mahmood; Osama Al-Omari and Hajer Fadhel (Turkey) Abstract – Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are deployed over a specific area to monitor a range of environmental and physical phenomena. WSNs are known by their limitation in term of energy, memory, and computing capability. Therefore, these sensors need effective wireless communication protocols in terms of energy efficiency, ease of deployment, and low latency. LEACH is the principle routing algorithm adopted today for WSN data transmission. It is the origin of a variety of self-organizing clustering-based routing protocol. Data communication is the main source of energy losses beside but to a lesser extent data processing. The actual research is a step by step follow of LEACH focusing into the energy dissipation in various stages. The simulation of the protocol is accomplished through a MATLAB implementation to clarify the dissipation process. Nodes die after the residual energy has reached a minimum allowed threshold necessary for sensor functionality as part of the WSN. LEACH shows good performances but requires improvement in the cluster head selection stage by the use optimization techniques.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-3) 1570699714 Title: On the accuracy of iBeacon-based Indoor Positioning System in the iOS platform Author(s): Ngoc-Son Duong and Thai-Mai Dinh (Vietnam) Abstract – Recently, Location-Based Service (LBS) in the indoor field where Global Positioning System (GPS) signal is not available has attracted many researchers. Researchers aim to improve the indoor positioning system’s performance by proposing algorithms using the supervised learning method, particularly the K-nearest- neighbors-based (KNN-based) fingerprinting method. This research focuses on studying the indoor localization system’s precision using Bluetooth low-energy Received Signal Strength (BLE-RSS) fingerprinting for static scenarios. In the scenario, we use the traditional offline phase to collect the BLE RSSI data and then estimate the user’s position in the online phase based on on-the-fly RSSI measurement and data from the offline phase. In real-world experiments, the system’s performance has been evaluated in many scenarios to determine the optimal value, such as the value of K in KNN algorithm, and the number of beacons that need to be deployed.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-4) 1570699956 Title: Elliptic Curve Parameters Optimization For Lightweight Cryptography In Mobile-Ad-Hoc Networks Author(s): Mona Khammash; Rawan Tammam; Abdallah Masri and Ahmed Awad (Palestine) Abstract – Satisfying security requirements for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) is a key challenge due to the limited power budget for the nodes composing those networks. Therefore, it is essential to exploit lightweight cryptographic algorithms to preserve the conﬁdentiality of the messages being transmitted between diﬀerent nodes in MANETs. At the heart of such algorithms lies the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). The importance

37 of ECC lies in offering equivalent security with smaller key sizes, which results in faster computations, lower power consumption, as well as memory and bandwidth savings. However, when exploiting ECC in MANETs, it is essential to properly choose the parameters of ECC such that an acceptable level of confidentiality is achieved without entirely consuming the power budget of nodes. In addition, the delay of the communication should not abruptly increase. In this paper, we study the effect of changing the prime number use in ECC on power consumption, delay, and the security of the nodes in MANETs. Once a suitable prime number is chosen, a comparative analysis is conducted between two reactive routing protocols, namely, Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) in terms of power consummation and delay. Experimental results show that a prime number value of 197 for ECC alongside with DSR for routing preserve an acceptable level of security for MANETs with low average power consumption and low average delay in the communication.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-5) 1570700164 Title: Enhancing security using digital signature in an eﬃcient Network Coding-enabled WSN Author(s): Hana Rhim; Karim Tamine; Ryma Abassi; Damien Sauveron and Sihem Guemara (Tunisia–France)

Abstract – Wireless sensor networks WSNs) are ad hoc networks composed mainly of tiny and resource- constrained sensor nodes, and are rapidly growing as a technology for low-cost, large-scale and automated systems to sense and monitor a diﬀerent range of potential environments. Network Coding (NC) technique has been proposed for these networks for various reasons such as improving the throughput and enhancing the energy eﬃciency for routing protocols. Meanwhile, these networks remain prone to many types of attacks that damage the safety and reliability of data routing. One type of attack is the Man In The Middle (MITM) attack, where an external node injects false data packet in the network or forges an intercepted one circulating between two legitimate nodes. The objective of the work is to eliminate false data packets reception at the base station (BS) and to provide data integrity using a digital signature scheme. The main advantage is the integration of the signature scheme in a moderated NC-based protocol and the use of already deployed node parameters to generate private keys for sensor nodes. Simultaneously, the protocol exploits the hierarchical network organization and sets a cooperation between nodes in a cluster and their cluster head to minimize energy depletion.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-6) 1570700277 Title: Impact of Silent Periods on Pseudonym Schemes Author(s): Nabil Kerkacha; Naima Hadj-Said; Noureddine Chaib; Asma Adnane and Ali-Pacha Adda (Algeria– UK) Abstract – Recently, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are in the initial stage of their deployment. Protecting drivers’ privacy is one of the most critical problems raised by researchers. VANET users would not accept building location profiles of the movements of their vehicles. To that effect, solving this issue is of significant concern. Pseudonym switching and radio silence techniques are among the widely accepted privacy protection solutions in the literature. Radio silence intervals have a considerable impact on the efficiency of the proposed schemes. In this paper we will evaluate the performance of some known pseudonym switching schemes under different radio silence periods.

Paper Reference: (CSP-2-7) 1570701001 Title: An RFID-Based Monitoring and Localization System for Dementia Patients Author(s): Mohammad Raad; Mohamed Deriche and Olfa Kanoun (Saudi Arabia–Germany) Abstract – The fast increase in the percentage of elderly people over the past few years has prompted a major interest in developing monitoring systems to help in the well being of the elderly. More importantly, we are also witnessing an increase in the number of elderly needing assistance because of diverse chronic diseases. The elderly related dementia is among the most disabling diseases with dangerous consequences such as wandering into hazardous or insecure areas. This wandering, particularly in urban areas can be life threatening. Recently, with the rapid emergence of disruptive technologies like Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), it has become possible to build systems that combine IoT and the cloud for monitoring the elderly suffering from dementia or depression. This paper introduces an RFID-based novel cost-effective tracking system for a multi-person home. The proposed system can accurately track up to three elderly people within the room they are in. The proposed prototype solution is based on wearable anklets or bracelets with batteryless tags for localizing elderly wandering within the home using passive RFID. An Android Applet was developed for localizing the elderly and alerting caregivers of at-risk inhabitants of smart homes within and outside (at exit level) the residence area.

38 Paper Reference: (CSP-2-8) 1570699584 Title: Real-time intelligent monitoring system based on IoT Author(s): Chayma Bahhar; Chokri Baccouch; Sofiene Ben Othman and Hedi Sakli (Tunisia–France) Abstract – Recently, security systems are one of the most important research problems. Among these systems is the gas and flame leak detection system. Here we propose a system to monitor the presence of fire and the gas concentration in real time in the atmosphere. This system is based on an Arduino board which allows to process and transfer data from two sensors (gas and flame sensor) to a smart phone. An alert has been triggered if a gas or flame leak is detected. Indeed, a message has been sent to the person concerned. This, we made a wireless connection between the application that already installed on the smart phone and the Arduino board through a Bluetooth module.

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-1) 1570695900 Title: CNN for human exons and introns classification Author(s): Feriel Ben Nasr and Afef Elloumi Oueslati (Tunisia) Abstract – Modeling properties and functions associated with DNA sequences is a very complex task in genomics. This task is more and more difficult when it concerns the human genome. This genome is composed with coding and non-coding regions which are not yet fully identified. Difficulties seen in this context are particularly related to the fact that 98% of the human genome is made up of non-coding zones. Therefore it seems evident that a powerful predictive model can have a huge advantage in advancing the exploration of the human genome. In this paper, we started from text representation of the DNA sequence to the representation of exons and introns by images to classify them. Here we are introducing a convolutional neural network model to classify human exons and introns. Our model has shown very good results concerning classification learning and testing rate which exceed 90%.

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-2) 1570695993 Title: CNN model applied on SNP protein sequences for intestinal cancer early detection Author(s): Saifeddine Ben Nasr; Imen Messaoudi; Afef Elloumi Oueslati and Zied Lachiri (Tunisia) Abstract – One of the sharply increasing incidence rate diseases, is the intestinal cancer. Detecting and identifying this disease is very difficult since it is a type of internal cancer that may not cause symptoms. Early detection of bowel cancer saves effort, minimizes diagnostic time, and helps target the best treatment to increase the cure rate. Many deep learning systems are being produced to help physicians diagnose bowel cancer early. These systems use several types of data such as histopathological images. In this article, we propose a new method of classifying intestinal cancer readings and non-pathological lesions. This method is based on the use of a deep learning network CNN (convolutional neural network). As training data, we use the SNP protein sequences of APC gene which is located at q22.2 on the human chromosome 5. SNP sequences are transformed from textual form to scalogram images then presented on different color spaces to create three databases. In order to evaluate this technique, we use quantitative measures such as: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision. The obtained values are respectively 96.19%, 97.42%, 85.46% and 98.32%. These results show the performance of the proposed method and confirm the relationship between small protein changes at the SNP level of APC gene and intestinal cancer.

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-3) 1570700769 Title: Boosting CNN Learning by Ensemble Image Preprocessing Methods for Cervical Cancer Segmentation Author(s): Nesrine Bnouni; Hadil Ben Amor; Islem Rekik; Mohamed Salah Rhim; Basel Solaiman and Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara (Tunisia–France–Turkey) Abstract – Cervical cancer is the fourth most common gynecological malignant cancer in the world. It presents one of the principal causes of cancer death in women. Treatment planning depends on the cancer stage (tumor size, nodal status, and local extension), which can be identified using magnetic resonance imaging. For effective cancer diagnosis and prognosis, automated segmentation methods of cervical tumor are highly desired as they can alleviate the burden of manual segmentation. However, typical automatic segmentation methods, including deep learning methods (e.g., Convolutional Neural Networks -CNN), might fail due to intensity inhomogeneity, poor contrast, and noise present in medical images. As a solution, the performance of such methods can be boosted by using an automated image preprocessing framework. This paper first proposes an ensemble preprocessing method to improve the performance of a CNN for cervical cancer segmentation. Specifically, we propose a histogram-based, smoothing and sharpening-based, and morphological image processing methods. Then, we devise three CNNs with the same architecture. Each CNN is trained independently using each of the

39 three proposed preprocessed datasets. For evaluation, we used leave-one-out cross-validation, where a left-out testing image sample passes through each CNN to output a probability segmentation map. Ultimately, through applying majority voting to the three outputted segmentation maps, we get the final label map. Our method significantly (p¡0.05) outperformed benchmark methods with a classification accuracy increasing from 74.1% by single CNN with no-processing to 76.8% by applying the majority voting to the three CNNs with different preprocessing methods.

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-4) 1570692246 Title: CNN-NoC: A Dynamic Hardware Architecture Of A CNN Using NoC For Deep Learning Author(s): Alaeddine Hmidi and Jihene Malek (Tunisia) Abstract – Deep neural networks are often exploited in many applications as regards the field of artificial vision since they offer an acceptable capacity in this area and increasingly solve problems related to the field of computer vision such as classification. The execution of these networks leads to a large processing load, which provokes a need for a customized hardware support dedicated to these algorithms. In addition, The size of deep neural networks presents a significant challenge for construction due to the practical application requirements. In this paper, we develop a novel dynamic hardware architecture of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on a Network on Chip (NoC) for a two-dimensional mesh topology using the FPGA as a hardware prototype. This architecture offers an advantage in terms of flexibility and scalability. This NoC ensures the communication between neurons, aiming to obtain a reconfigurable architecture that can be adapted to a wide variety of applications. Moreover, the data movement of the whole system is optimized in order to minimize energy and provide a high parallelism so as to have a high throughput.

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-5) 1570700018 Title: 3D CNN for Human Action Recognition Author(s): Sameh Neili Boualia and Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara (Tunisia) Abstract – ”Recognizing different human actions from still images or videos is an important research area in the computer vision and artificial intelligence domains. It represents a key step for a wide range of applications including: human-computer interaction, ambient assisted living, intelligent driving and video surveillance. How- ever, unless the many research works being involved, there are still many challenges ahead including: the high changes in human body shapes, clothing and viewpoint changes and the conditions of system acquisition (illumination variations, occlusions, etc). With the emergence of new deep learning techniques, many approaches are recently proposed for Human Action Recognition (HAR). Compared with conventional machine learning methods, deep learning techniques have more powerful learning ability. The most wide-spread deep learning approach is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN/ConvNets). It has shown remarkable achievements due to its precision and robustness. As a branch of neural network, 3D CNN is a relatively new technique in the field of deep learning. In this paper, we propose a HAR approach based on a 3D CNN model. We apply the developed model to recognize human actions of KTH and J-HMDB datasets, and we achieve state of the art performance in comparison to baseline methods.”

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-6) 1570700301 Title: MIC: Multi-view Image Classifier using Generative Adversarial Networks for Missing Data Imputation Author(s): Gianmarco Aversano; Mahmoud Jarraya; Maher Marwani; Ichraf Lahouli and Sabri Skhiri (Belgium– Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we propose a framework for image classification tasks, named MIC, that takes as input multi-view images, such as RGB-T images for surveillance purposes. We combine auto-encoder and generative adversarial network architectures to ensure the multi-view embedding in a common latent space. Then, the resulting features are fed to the classification stage. The proposed framework is able to, all at once, train the multi-view embedding model to find a shared latent representation for the different views, perform data imputation (generate the missing views) and ensure the classification task by predicting the labels. Experiments on the MNIST dataset with a panoply of classifiers and several missingness ratios show the effectiveness of our solution.

Paper Reference: (CSP-3-7) 1570692228 Title: Glioma segmentation based on CNN Author(s): Wadhah Ayadi; Wajdi Elhamzi and Mohamed Atri (Tunisia– Saudi Arabia)

40 Abstract – The manual segmentation of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain tumor represents a tiring routine. Glioma tumor is the most common and aggressive brain tumors especially in their highest grade, which can lead to a very short life. The treatment is determined after the MRI data analysis to assess tumors. This phase needs time and represents a tedious task. An automatic and accurate segmentation method is necessary since these tumors can take a variety of sizes, contrast, and shape. A new segmentation approach using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is suggested to overcome these issues. The proposed model is tested using a benchmark dataset (BraTS 2017). It achieves good performances compared to new methods with Dice scores of 0.86 for the Whole Tumor, 0.82 for Tumor Core, and 0.6 for Enhancing Tumor.

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-1) 1570699671 Title: Pitfalls of spikes filtering for detecting High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) Author(s): Sahbi Chaibi; Chahira Mahjoub; Fatma Krikid; Ahmad Karfoul; Régine Le Bouquin Jeannès and Abdennaceur Kachouri (Tunisia–France) Abstract – Cerebral High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) have recently been discovered in epileptic EEG recordings. HFOs have been defined as spontaneous rhythmic oscillations with short duration, operating approximately in the frequency range between 80 Hz and 500Hz. HFOs have been considered as reliable and precise biomarkers for delineating the epileptogenic tissue. Also, HFOs have a profound impact for understand- ing the cerebral mechanisms involved in the generation of epileptic seizures. Therefore, several algorithms for HFOs detection with different performance and computational complexity have been proposed over the last few years. One of the major issues associated with HFOs detection algorithms applied on filtered EEG signals is how to differentiate spurious oscillations from true HFOs. The objective of this study is to highlight the original phenomena of spurious oscillations resulting from the filtering of simulated spikes. Our results are then validated on real spikes. In our study, three filtering methods are considered: the Finite Impulse Response (FIR), the Complex Morlet Wavelet (CMOR) and the Matching Pursuit based technique (MP)

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-2) 1570692243 Title: Chaotic Encryption System Based on Pixel Value and Position Transformation for Color Images Author(s): Atheer Mansoor; Hikmat N. Abdullah; Mohammed F. Al-Gailani and Hadi Tarish Ziboon (Iraq) Abstract – In this paper, a full image encryption system is proposed. The proposed system depends on changing the value and coordinates of the pixels at the same time. The system has the ability to be applied on all types of images with any dimensions. The results of the system were tasted and compared with the traditional algorithms. The results that have been obtained from the simulation show that the proposed system has higher degree of security and faster encryption time.

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-3) 1570693761 Title: Rate-Distortion Performance Comparison: VVC vs. HEVC Author(s): Soulef Bouaaﬁa; Randa Khemiri and Fatma Ezzahra Sayadi (Tunisia) Abstract – Video streaming technology along with consumers’ need for better video quality have posed major challenges for video encoding systems. Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the new video coding standard standardized in 2020, to meet the growing demand for high resolution video. Compared to High Eﬃciency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, VVC aims to provide high bitrate reduction at the same visual quality. In this paper, we provide an in-depth study of the VVC and HEVC standards and evaluate the enhancement in video quality, using both PSNR and bitrate as quality metrics. In these tests, two resolutions (HD and 4K) and some video content were used. The evaluation results prove that, depending on the spatial resolution and the video content, the VVC quality improvement ranges from 32% to 43% over HEVC.

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-4) 1570699005 Title: Imperceptibility Analysis for Watermarking Technique Based on Image Block Division Scheme Author(s): Maryam Abdullah; Amelia Ritahani Ismail and Adamu Abubakar (Malaysia) Abstract – Image watermarking techniques proposed different algorithm schemes to improve performance quality. For a medical image, the watermarking techniques are required to give significant attention to achieve the highest imperceptibility performance to remain visual quality. That is why this paper analyzes two different watermarking algorithm schemes: image block division 8*8 and image block division 2*2 to determine the imperceptibility performance for each. Both schemes used the fitness evaluation to evaluate the imperceptibility performance of each embedding location. Thereafter, the imperceptibility, embedding capacity, and watermark data bit error of both schemes were measured. The experiment results show that the image block division

41 8*8 scheme outperformed in imperceptibility performance under Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) values for the three different watermarked medical images is 106.1014 to110.5222. The image block division 2*2 scheme outperformed in embedding capacity and watermark data bit error where the embedding capacity is 1449 to 31953 bit and watermark data bit error is zero for the three different watermarked medical images. This finding indicates that the watermarking technique with image block division 2*2 scheme can achieve more accurate performance.

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-5) 1570699126 Title: Analysis of Watermarking Techniques with Wavelet and Cosine Transform for Imperceptibility on Image Author(s): Maryam Abdullah; Amelia Ritahani Ismail and Adamu Abubakar (Malaysia) Abstract – Some medical image watermarking techniques utilize frequency transform domains to improve the performance of the watermarking technique, where the main requirement of the medical image is to maintain the visual quality. This paper analyzes the imperceptibility performance of two frequency transform techniques Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). The analysis methodology is an experiment the embedding watermark data in the transferred domain of the medical image by image by utilizing two techniques DWT and DCT. The performance of both techniques was measured in terms of image imperceptibility and embedding capacity. The imperceptibility performance based on Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) values of the watermarked medical image is 97.4129 to 104.0503 on the PSNR scale for three different medical images by DWT, while the BER range from 0.0038 to 0.0146 respectively. While under DCT, the performance under PSNR for three different medical images are 40.97, 43.15, 11.89 respectively, and BER of 0.39, 0.2995, 0.4259 respectively. This finding indicates that DWT outperformed DCT on PSNR.

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-6) 1570692068 Title: Study of the sensitivity of an inSAR interferogram encrypted by the AES-128 algorithm Author(s): Nada Cherrid; Riad Saidi; Tarek Bentahar and Hichem Mayache (Algeria) Abstract – The objective of this work is to analyze the sensitivity of an interferogram interferometric imaging systems inSAR system which is a particular type of satellite image, encrypted by cryptosystem based on the Advanced Encryption Standard AES-128 algorithm and the Rivest, Shamir & Adelman (RSA) asymmetric encryption algorithm. Using encryption in counter mode (CTR), and Output FeedBack (OFB). The analysis in this article focuses on two types of sensitivity. The ﬁrst analysis is the sensitivity to a pixel change in the original interferogram and the second is the sensitivity to the key. Two parameters are used for this sensitivity analysis study: the number of pixel rate of change (NPCR) and the uniﬁed mean intensity of change (UACI). The results obtained show that the two modes, AES-128-CTR and AES-128-OFB, are suitable for the encryption of inSAR interferograms, but cannot be implemented on board a satellite without providing a mechanism capable of compensating for the low resistance to error propagation.

Paper Reference: (CSP-4-7) 1570697789 Title: SAR Speckle Filtering Using Hybrid NonLocal Sigma Filter Author(s): Soumaya Fatnassi; Mohamed Yahia and Tarig Ali (Tunisia–UAE) Abstract – Speckle noise in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images reduces the accuracy of their interpretation. In this paper, a hybrid filtering technique based on the Sigma filter and the non-local mean filter is proposed. The neighborhood used for the estimation of the filtered pixels is selected by analogy to the non-local filtering principle. Non-similar pixels in the search area having high patch distances were discarded. The coefficient variation CV is employed to estimate the variability of the pixels used to select homogeneous pixels in the search area. Results showed that the proposed hybrid filter outperformed the Lee filter and the improved Sigma filter in terms of speckle reduction and spatial detail preservation. Airborne (AirSAR) and Space-borne (Sentinel1) synthetic aperture radar SAR data were used for validation).

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-1) 1570688879 Title: 5G Channel Characterization at Millimeter-Wave for Baghdad City: An NYUSIM-based Approach Author(s): Ali N. Al-Shuwaili and Thamer Jamel (USA–Iraq) Abstract – The massive bandwidth available at millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum can accommodate the increasing capacity demands in 5G systems and beyond. However, the channel noise is high at mmWave frequencies and is largely aﬀected by atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and humidity, which vary for diﬀerent geographical location and throughout the day. It is therefore indispensable to construct proper modeling for mmWave channels as the channel model has a profound impact on the overall system performance.

42 Accordingly, in this paper, a custom model is first developed, via the generic NYUSIM channel simulator, that fits the properties of mmWave propagation in Iraq environment and also the effect of weather parameters, like temperature and humidity, on link quality is discussed. Then, novel answers are provided to key questions related to 5G system design which include identifying the optimal, i.e., power-efficient, transmission frequency, the typical base stations layout and the effect of various factors like transmission environment and antenna configuration. Extensive numerical results have shown that while the 28 GHz band is seen to be the most power-efficient, the 45 GHz band, on the other side, is more robust against the diurnal and seasonal atmospheric variations. It is also seen that a network of small base stations (SBSs) operated at 28 GHz is comparable in performance to macro base stations (MBSs) with 73 GHz of frequency, which means that the difference in transmission powers between MBSs and SBSs can be compensated by switching to a lower frequency band.

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-2) 1570691752 Title: In-Depth Performance Evaluation of Network Slicing Strategies in Large Scale Industry 4.0 Author(s): Seifeddine Messaoud; Samir Dawaliby; Abbas Bradai and Mohamed Atri (Tunisia–France–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Network Slicing is being recognized as one of the most promising techniques to improve QoS in 5G networks. It enables physical network sharing between isolated virtual slices. In this context, to meet specific QoS requirements for each slice, physical network resources should be efficiently reserved and channels should be optimally assigned for each slice member. In this paper, we evaluate in-depth various slicing strategies in large scale realistic industry 4.0 scenarios. More precisely, we compare a static slicing strategy to dynamic estimation and prediction-based algorithms. The former considers Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and the latter is based on Mini-batch Gradient Descent (MBGD) algorithm. The inter slicing resource methods are evaluated over NS3 simulator over which an extensive study is performed. We evaluate the impact of gateway (GW) positioning inside the industry, applications periodicity, parameter configuration, and load. Results show that the prediction-based strategy outperformed the estimation-based slicing algorithm in terms of respecting delay thresholds, decreasing energy consumption, and increasing the battery lifetime of IoT devices.

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-3) 1570692107 Title: A Novel Inverse Gaussian Profile for OAM Mode Division Multiplexing Optical Networks Author(s): Alaaeddine Rjeb; Hussein E. Seleem; Habib Fathallah and Mohsen Machhout (Tunisia) Abstract – Orbital angular momentum modes have shown promising achievements, as data carriers, in ameliorating the transmission capacity and raising the spectral efficiency. This has leaded to an increasing interest in exploiting appropriate specialty fibers for supporting robust OAM channels. In this work, we propose a novel inner graded ring core fiber referred to as inverse Gaussian fiber (IGF). To the best of our knowledge, IGF has never been used as optical fiber profile before. We optimize IGF key parameters in order to design optimized IG-few mode fibers (FMF) supporting low radial modes with high intermodal separation that outperforms those −4 reported in literature (minimum of ∆neff = 2.74 × 10 ), this limits mode coupling and reduces channels crosstalk. We investigate the impacts of smoothness parameters (α & P) on the properties of OAM channels in the IG-FMFs. We evaluate and compare (with literature) their intermodal separation, their chromatic dispersion, and their associated differential group delay over the C+L ITU-T bands. The selected designs are proposed as favorable candidate to guide OAM modes in next generation OAM-MDM multiplexing optical networks.

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-4) 1570694899 Title: V2V Clusters Life Time Enhancement based on Multiparallel Processing Algorithm Author(s): Omar R Daoud; Marwan Al-Akaidi and Ahlam Damati (Jordan–UAE) Abstract – ”V2V communications based on a clustering proposition is presented in this paper. It is divided into two parts; a proposed clustering algorithm proposed and compared to the literature based on a clustering weighting factor. This is in addition to a multiparallel processing for enhancing the QoS making use of Daubechies wavelet baby functions. For the sake of clustering performance enhancement validation, two main parameters have been checked in a simulation environment; namely cluster head life time and the cluster head overhead. The achieved results show a noticeable clustering overhead stability, besides the cluster head duration. Furthermore, the results are compared to two main techniques in the literature and it shows a performance improvement that reaches up to 50% over the speed of 70km/h.

43 Paper Reference: (CSP-5-5) 1570695798 Title: Survey on Clustering in VANET Networks Author(s): Mays Kareem Jabbar Alsabah; Hafedh Trabelsi and Wassim Jerbi (Iraq–Tunisia) Abstract – A Vehicular Ad Hoc Network is a dynamic network due to uncertain vehicles presence on the road and data transmission among vehicles and Road Side Unit (RSU). Efficient communication among the vehicles and RSUs is useful for the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). There are two types of communication Vehicle 2 Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle 2 Infrastructure (V2I) performs in VANET by mobile ad hoc technology. The communication performance of the VANET depends on the routing data. The routing protocols play an important role in efficient data routing in VANET. VANET routing protocols are reviewed, and clustering in VANET is introduced in this study. An extensive survey is carried out on various benchmark clustering algorithms designed by different researchers for Cluster Head (CH) selection. Various parameters for evaluating the performance in a network are compared and analyzed. Also, we introduce our proposed algorithm which aims to increase the reliability of VANET routing.

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-6) 1570695956 Title: Neighbor-Assisted Localization for Massive MIMO 5G Systems Author(s): Amal Sellami; Leila Nasraoui and Leila Najjar (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we propose a multi-stage localization technique that enables to determine the position of a Target User Equipment (T-UE) with harsh channel conditions through the assistance of neighboring User Equipments (UEs). The proposed approach allows a reduced-complexity localization by minimizing the search space through multi-stage treatment. A neighbor discovery processing is ﬁrst performed to identify the two nearest neighboring UEs among a set of UEs in the vicinity. The so selected neighbors are used as anchors (A- UE). Then, based on the signal strength, the distances separating the two A-UEs to the T-UE are determined. The distance estimates are used to plot two potential solutions of the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of T-UE. To distinguish the correct AoA estimate, oriented beamforming is performed around short arcs centered on the two AoA candidates. The user’s position is then deduced based on the estimates of the AoA and the distance to the A-UEs. Our approach exploits the capabilities of neighbor discovery and oriented beamforming to provide an accurate position estimate for UEs experiencing harsh channel conditions that render direct localization at the base station diﬃcult.

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-7) 1570699012 Title: Blind MMSE Equalizer for Nonlinear SIMO Systems Author(s): Abdulmajid Lawal; Karim Abed-Meraim; Qadri Mayyala; Naveed Iqbal and Azzedine Zer- guine (Saudi Arabia–Palestine–France) Abstract – This work presents a novel minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer for blind signal estimation of a nonlinear single input multiple outputs (SIMO) system. The zero and delay MMSE equalizer parameters are blindly estimated using the property that they belong to both the signal subspace and the kernel of a properly truncated data covariance matrix. Moreover, in the proposed approach, an appropriate demixing technique is employed to get rid of the inherent ambiguity to the equalized signal in such a nonlinear context. Numerical simulations show that the proposed MMSE blind SIMO nonlinear estimation exhibits a promising performance at a relatively low computational cost.

Paper Reference: (CSP-5-8) 1570699796 Title: Analysis of the Normalized Sign-Sign LMS Algorithm Author(s): Mohammed Mujahid Ulla Faiz and Azzedine Zerguine (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – This work repots results of the convergence analysis of the normalized sign-sign least mean square (NSSLMS) algorithm when the input is real-valued data. The results includes expressions for diﬀerent parameters, such as the steady-state mean-square error, and the tracking mean-square error. Moreover, the performance of the normalized sign-sign LMS algorithm is compared with that of the sign-sign LMS algorithm. The convergence behavior includes the rate of convergence. Finally, simulation results suggest that the normalized sign-sign LMS algorithm can be used as a good replacement for the sign-sign LMS algorithm as the former algorithm oﬀers comparatively much faster rate of convergence than the latter algorithm.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-1) 1570695790 Title: Prediction of Financial Statement Fraud using Machine Learning Techniques in UAE Author(s): Magdi El-Bannany; Ahlam Dehghan and Ahmed Khedr (UAE)

44 Abstract – The purpose of this study is to predict the potential occurrence of financial statement fraud in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) companies using machine learning (ML) techniques in Python, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and Neural Network (NN) techniques. The data was collected from the UAE Securities and Commodities Authority. The Bloomberg and Osiris databases were also used to collect data for UAE companies, excluding financial firms, for the period from 2010 to 2018. ML techniques in Python were used to predict the potential of financial statement fraud in UAE companies. The results show that SVM, with 89.54% accuracy and a 77.18% F1 score, outperforms all other classifiers, including LR, DT and NN. The findings of the study are significant to businesses that wish to determine the importance of prediction of financial statement fraud using ML techniques. This research project is different from other existing studies because it is conducted within the context of the UAE.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-2) 1570698277 Title: Identiﬁcation of Donald Trump’s Tweets Using Machine Learning Author(s): Lina Ahmad and Amjed Al-Mousa (Jordan) Abstract – The current president of the United States of America, Donald Trump, is well known for his active Twitter account where he shares his personal daily thoughts using the Twitter handle ’@realDonaldTrump’. This paper presents the use of classical machine learning techniques in an attempt to analyze Trump’s use of words. Afterward, multiple steps of data preprocessing are applied to build a dictionary of deﬁnitive words Trump continuously uses, subsequently feeding this dictionary to a number of machine learning models to correctly classify a tweet as written by Trump or not. The accurate result this project has produced proves that Donald Trump has developed a certain pattern of word usage in what he chooses to criticize or shed light upon.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-3) 1570696031 Title: PGTLP: A Dataset for Tunisian License Plate Detection and Recognition Author(s): Amir Ismail; Maroua Mehri; Anis Sahbani and Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara (Tunisia) Abstract – The whole point throughout this work is a publicly available and annotated images dataset for vehicle license plate (LP) detection and recognition. This contribution is driving by the fact that no Tunisian LP dataset has been provided up to this point in time. Pearl Guard Tunisian LP (PGTLP) dataset is fully annotated database that contains presently up to 3,000 images captured by high deﬁnition quality camera mounted on a security mobile robot, called Pearl Guard and made accessible to the Academia. For benchmarking and ranking supply, we propose a uniﬁed, real-time (LP) detection module based on YOLOv4-tiny detector. We also provide baseline results for vehicle LP detection using the PGTLP dataset.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-4) 1570699423 Title: Hybrid Learning Method for Image Segmentation Author(s): Islem Gammoudi; Raja Ghozi and Mohamed Ali Mahjoub (Tunisia) Abstract – Image segmentation by graph partitioning is popular in the field of artificial intelligence and computer vision, so it is the subject of several researches due to the good performance in a wide range of applications. Many image segmentation techniques employ classical machine learning processes and extract features according to machine-learning methods whereas classifying features via highly specialized training programs. It is becoming, an important branch of artificial intelligence and computer science. This paper put forward a new method based on traditional machine learning, which combines Random forest with the problem of Image Segmentation by Graph Partitioning. This paper introduced a novel clustering algorithm based on a Graph cut generated with a random forest. We test our method on the dataset BRATS, some lungs Images, and standard test image Lenna.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-5) 1570692145 Title: Blind image steganalysis using features extraction and machine learning Author(s): Houcemeddine Hermassi (Tunisia) Abstract – The main theme of this work is the steganalysis of image steganography techniques by classification and feature extraction methods. Our contribution is to improve a steganalysis algorithm and implement it to extract the characteristics of the Cover and Stego images. Thus the use of a modern Machine Learning ”Ensemble Classifier” is presented here as a powerful development tool that allows the rapid construction of steganographic detectors with significantly improved detection accuracy in a wide range of integration methods.

45 The power of the proposed framework is demonstrated by a steganographic method nsF5 which masks one or more messages in JPEG images.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-6) 1570695444 Title: DRNNA: Decomposable Reverse Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Distributed Databases Author(s): Ahmed Khedr and Pravija Raj P V (UAE) Abstract – There are many applications for the Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) problem, including decision support systems, continuous referral systems, proﬁle-based marketing, bioinformatics, and many others. To the best of our knowledge, all existing versions of RNN algorithms are working on a single database. In this paper, we propose a new decomposable version of the RNN algorithm (DRNNA), which computes RNN in a high dimensional space across distributed databases. DRNNA helps in minimizing the amount of data transferred between sites and hence provides data privacy and security for each site. The key is to obtain valid results, with minimum information disclosure. The proposed algorithm preserves the privacy of the data at individual sites by requiring the transmission of only minimal information to other sites. The computation is performed by exchanging a minimum number of higher-level summaries so that even if they are captured by an intruder to actual data tuples can ever be revealed. The simulation results prove that the algorithm can correctly ﬁnd the RRN set of a given point.

Paper Reference: (CSP-6-7) 1570692243 Title: Chaotic Encryption System Based on Pixel Value and Position Transformation for Color Images Author(s): Atheer Mansoor; Hikmat N. Abdullah; Mohammed F. Al-Gailani and Hadi Tarish Ziboon (Iraq) Abstract – In this paper, a full image encryption system is proposed. The proposed system depends on changing the value and coordinates of the pixels at the same time. The system has the ability to be applied on all types of images with any dimensions. The results of the system were tasted and compared with the traditional algorithms. The results that have been obtained from the simulation show that the proposed system has higher degree of security and faster encryption time.

Paper Reference: (CSP-7-1) 1570695970 Title: Relevant Biophysical Parameters Along Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Stroke Author(s): Abderrazek Zeraii; Lazhar Rmili; Amine Ben Slama; Cyrine Drissi and Tarek Kraiem (Tunisia) Abstract – Stroke remains the leading cause of long-term disability. As the only direct descending motor pathway, the corticospinal tract (CST) is the primary pathway to innervate spinal motor neurons and one of the most well studied tracts in human neuroanatomy. Its clinical significance can be demonstrated in many notable traumatic conditions and diseases such as stroke. Along-tract statistics analysis enables the extraction of quantitative diffusion metrics along specific white matter fiber tracts. Besides quantitative metrics derived from classical diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), such as fractional anisotropy and diffusivities. In this study, we extracted DTI derived quantitative microstructural diffusion metrics along the CST tract in patients with moderate to severe subacute stroke. Each DTI metric of individual patient’s fiber tract was then plotted. This approach may be useful for future studies that may compare in two different time (acute and chronic).

Paper Reference: (CSP-7-2) 1570693935 Title: Comparison of LORETA and CSP for Brain-Computer Interface Applications Author(s): Eliana Santos; Rodrigo San-Martin and Francisco J. Fraga (Brazil) Abstract – Motor imagery (MI) is the most used paradigm in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). As in other BCI paradigms, it is divided into feature extraction and classification. In this study, we implemented two feature extraction methods, one based on the well-known Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) algorithm and the other based on a not so well-known electroencephalogram (EEG) source localization technique called Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). We evaluated 30 right-handed subjects from an EEG data set made publicly available through Giga Science, where participants performed MI of left- and right-hand movements. After feature extraction with CSP and LORETA, MI tasks classification were carried out using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Na¨ıve Bayes (NB) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) algorithms. Finally, we evaluated classification performance with all possible combination of classifiers and feature extraction methods. For all classifiers, the CSP feature extraction method performed better than LORETA. The best classification accuracy for the LORETA method was 71.2% and for the CSP method was 94.2%, both achieved with SVM.

46 Paper Reference: (CSP-7-3) 1570697210 Title: Emirati-Accented Emotion Verification based on HMM3s, HMM2s, and HMM1s Author(s): Ismaill M. Shahin and Noor Ahmad Al Hindawi (UAE) Abstract – The proposed research is dedicated to verifying the claimed emotion of speaker-independent and text-independent formed on three dissimilar classifiers. The HMM3 short for Third-Order Hidden Markov Model, HMM2 short for Second-Order Hidden Markov Model, and HMM1 short for First-Order Hidden Markov Model are the three classifiers utilized in this study. Our work has been evaluated on our collected Emirati- accented speech corpus which entails 50 speakers of Emirati origin (25 female and 25 male) uttering sentences in six emotions by means of the extracted features by Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Our outcomes prove that HMM3 is superior to each of HMM1 and HMM2 to authenticate the claimed emotion. The achieved results formed on HMM3 are very similar to the outcomes attained in the subjective valuation by Arab listeners.

Paper Reference: (CSP-7-4) 1570692150 Title: Comparative of Swarm Intelligence based Wrappers for sEMG Signals Feature Selection Author(s): Hiba Hellara; Rim Barioul; Salwa Sahnoun; Ahmed Fakhfakh and Olfa Kanoun (Tunisia–Germany)

Abstract – This paper proposes a comparative of binary swarm optimization based wrappers for ElectroMyo- graphy (EMG) feature selection. Time-domain and frequency-domain features are extracted from two EMG channels to evaluate the effect of each of them according to the accuracy and computational costs. Six binary algorithms are used in this study namely Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Bat Algorithm (BA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in the domain of machine learning for feature selection and classification. Results prove that time-domain features are enough to give satisfying classification accuracy, WOA is giving the best average classification accuracy of 80.15% but needs more execution time. Compared with others, SSA is the best algorithm according to the number of selected features, execution time, and fitness function 78.25% as accuracy.

Paper Reference: (CSP-7-5) 1570699833 Title: Six Sensors Bracelet for Force Myography based American Sign Language Recognition Author(s): Sajidah Al-Hammouri; Rim Barioul; Khaldon Lweesy; Mohammed Ibbini and Olfa Kanoun (Jordan– Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – In recent years, force myography (FMG) is considered a non-invasive method used for the recognition of different gestures such as the American sign language (ASL) by measuring presser changes due to different variations in muscle volume while performing different signs. In this work, only six FSR commercial sensors were inserted to the inner side of a bracelet to be in direct contact with the skin was used to collect the raw FMG signal from 10 healthy subjects with 10 trails. In this paper, an extreme learning machine (ELM) with cross-validation (Kfold=5) was applied to test the accuracy of using raw FMG signal in comparison with only six time domain extracted features. The results show that the accuracy based on extracting six features was equal to 91.11%, which outperforms the raw FMG signal for gesture recognition where it reached only a testing accuracy of 85.56%.

Paper Reference: (CSP-7-6) 1570698783 Title: Enhanced heart rate estimation based on face features Author(s): Mossaad Ben Ayed; Shaya Alshaya and Adil Alshammari (Tunisia–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Health care systems have become essential parts of today’s societies. However, the COVID-19 virus pandemic has highlighted the challenges that health care systems face. This need has encouraged scientists to improve these systems by supporting the Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and providing more contactless sensors. Still, traditional equipment based on using a contact sensor to measure vital signs, such as the heart rate, faces problems with accuracy and can have psychological eﬀects on patients. The proposed solution aims to monitor the heart rate through non-contact measurement using a smart camera. This objective was achieved by applying an intelligent algorithm to a facial video sequence. This paper attempts to estimate the heart rate based on the color variation of the forehead skin. Speciﬁcally, the proposed method aimed to accurately estimate the heart rate in the standard condition and in the case of darker skin where the variation of the skin color was only slightly changed. The results proved that the estimation’s accuracy could reach 98%.

47 Paper Reference: (CSP-7-7) 1570699559 Title: Enhancing Users Collaboration By Vocal Annotations Author(s): Amjad W Hawash; Enas Asmar; Saja Salahat and Farah Zubdeh (Palestine) Abstract – Several methods have been established to enhance users’ discussions and collaboration over the Internet. Websites are considered good media for that, in which users attach their notes (annotations) to websites components (texts, images, and videos) as a method of conducting online discussions. Annotations have several formats: textual, vocal, drawings, and visual. However, although the textual annotations are very famous, creating vocal annotations (and other types) has become a widespread activity through which users add their own voice notes to the components of HTML web documents as a method of having diﬀerent discussions and thoughts exchange. The work conducted here is related to implementing a collaboration technique by creating and submitting voice annotations (private, public, and custom) as well as the ability to support annotations with a set of textual tags to be used for annotations searching purposes. The work also contains an experimental test to measure the degree of enhancement of users’ collaboration and thought exchange by moving from textual annotations to vocal ones where 20 participants are involved of which 88% are over 18 years old. 123 annotations were submitted of diﬀerent types with an average of 3 tags per annotation. Promising results were collected in which most of the participants (65%) are with vocal annotations.

Paper Reference: (CSP-7-8) 1570697622 Title: On the Use of Spectrogram Inversion for Speech Enhancement Author(s): Raja Abdelmalek; Zied Mnasri and Faouzi Benzarti (Tunisia) Abstract – Spectrogram inversion or phase retrieval is an old topic in digital signal processing, that has been revisited since a few years for its proved relevance to many recent applications, such as source separation, speech enhancement and compressive sensing. Spectrogram inversion aims to reconstruct a signal from partial spectral information, such as the magnitude spectrum or the phase spectrum only, which are obtained by the short- time Fourier transform (STFT). Thus, in this work the relevance of signal reconstruction is studied. First, the proposed algorithm, based on the recent theoretic relationships between STFT magnitude and phase is presented. Secondly, the proposed method is tested on clean and simulated-noisy speech. Finally, the relevance of spectrogram inversion as implemented either in our proposal or in state-of-the-art algorithms is evaluated for the particular application on speech enhancement. The results show the advantages and the limits of using spectrogram inversion in such an application.

Paper Reference: (CSP-8-1) 1570692222 Title: PYNQ FPGA Hardware implementation of LeNet-5-Based Traffic Sign Recognition Application Author(s): Amna Maraoui; Seifeddine Messaoud; Soulef Bouaafia; Ahmed Chiheb Ammari; Lazhar Khriji and Mohsen Machhout (Tunisia–Oman) Abstract – Computer Vision is one of the most flagship fields in the last decade. Meanwhile, embedded boards (FPGAs) represent the technological advancement trends by including software processor and programmable logic units at the same FPGA core. However, the fusion of the embedded system and computer vision provides the nascent embedded vision field. This domain occupied all areas, even future Industry 4.0, by exploiting them in control and management tasks. Otherwise, embedded vision with artificial intelligence plays an important role in many vital applications such as advanced driver-assistance systems Otherwise, embedded vision with artificial intelligence plays an important role in many vital applications such as advanced driver-assistance systems in smart transportation context. This paper falls within this range, by implementing LeNet-5 Model- based Traffic Sign Recognition application on Xilinx embedded FPGA system. Implementation results prove that our Co-design prototype, including Processing System (PS) and Programmable Logic (PL) parts, achieves best performance in terms of hardware cost and run-time execution.

Paper Reference: (CSP-8-2) 1570692247 Title: Analysis of Embedded Fingerprint Biometric Recognition System Algorithm Author(s): Mario I Elzein and Moustapha Kurdi (Belarus–Lebanon) Abstract – In this research, a theoretical study will be directed towards an embedded biometric recognition system that can be used in any IT environment or sector for increasing the overall security level. Throughout the research article the main discussions will focus on ﬁngerprint recognition system (FRS) based on the invariant moment and fuzzy features. A region of interest (ROI) is addressed where a subsection of images is recognized for an individual instance. Image segmentation is analyzed, particularly those related to pattern classiﬁcation.

48 Paper Reference: (CSP-8-3) 1570694042 Title: An efficient Design of 1:2 Demultiplexer in QCA technology with power dissipation analysis Author(s): Ismail Gassoumi; Lamjed Touil and Abdellatif Mtibaa (Tunisia) Abstract – Recently, a considerable importance has been given to System-on-Chip in both research and industry as they provide significant advantages for power-efficient, high-performance computing systems. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a future generation solution based on nanotechnology for the digital systems. The QCA systems have advantages like the small size, ultralow power consumption and high switching frequency. It has the potential to replace the CMOS technology. In this paper, an efficient 1:2 demultiplexer based on QCA technology has been investigated. The energy dissipation analysis of the proposed design is estimated using QCAPro tool at three different energy levels. Simulation is performed for the proposed design using QCA Designer tool version 2.0.3. The proposed design has less number of cells, area and energy dissipation as compared to the previous structures.

Paper Reference: (CSP-8-4) 1570695965 Title: Hardware Implementation of Tanh Exponential Activation Function using FPGA Author(s): Safa Bouguezzi; Hassene Faiedh and Chokri Souani (Tunisia) Abstract – The most active research area for Field Programmable Gate Arrays is the Convolution Neural Network (CNN), and the gist of any CNN is an activation function. Therefore, various non-linear activation functions are required for deeper CNN. In this paper, we aim to implement the Tanh Exponential (TanhExp) activation function on Artix-7 and Zynq-7000. To this end, we will use the piecewise linear approximation and the second-order polynomial approximation while using the IEEE754 2008 ﬂoating-point representation. We present an investigation of the required hardware resources. We also evaluate the eﬃciency of each method of approximation and its derivative.

Paper Reference: (CSP-8-5) 1570695979 Title: Building Structural Health Monitoring: an FBG-based estimation of external vibrations Author(s): Maha Sliti and Noureddine Boudriga (Tunisia) Abstract – In this work, we propose a vibration monitoring architecture which is based on the interrogation of a set of FBG sensor arrays and the system state prediction based on the collected data. This architecture can be deployed and parameterized according to the application and the type of the monitored structure (building, bridge, railways, etc). The deployed FBG sensor network allows to compute the fiber elongation under strain, the displacement and the vibration of each FBG node in the network. A decision to reduce the vibration values can be made based on the measurements performed and whether the vibration exceeds a predefined threshold. The efficiency of the proposed architecture is assessed based on a real case study (The San Diego story office Building) and real displacements signals collected by sensor nodes in the presence of an earthquake.

Paper Reference: (CSP-8-6) 1570700077 Title: An efficient Real time Implementation of Motion estimation on Soc System Author(s): Anis Ammar; Hana Ben Fredj and Chokri Souani (Tunisia) Abstract – Motion estimation is considered among the most famous and important applications in the field of computer vision. Indeed, in the last decade, optical flow has become an alternative technique to estimate object motion between successive frames. However, it is very hard to achieve a good compromise between computational cost and accurate estimation of optical flow. In this context, we proposed an implementation of optical flow estimation based on Lucas-Kanade algorithm with several optimizations. The algorithm is implemented into Raspberry Pi 4. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach and present high accuracy compared to the conventional calculation.

Paper Reference: (CSP-9-1) 1570691721 Title: Medical Imaging-based Techniques for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection: A Survey Author(s): Marwa Zaabi; Nadia Smaoui; Walid Hariri and Houda Ben Jmaa Derbel (Tunisia–Algeria) Abstract – Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection is one of the most powerful and challenging tasks in medical imaging processing. This paper describes the survey of recent AD detection techniques in the last ten years. The process of AD detection can include different stages such as preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, segmentation and classification. In this survey, we review the recent findings and future trends and we set out the various types of AD detection techniques with their major contributions. The

49 performances of the most important AD detection techniques are compared and discussed according to the applied algorithms, approaches and databases (e.g. OASIS, ADNI and MIRIAD).

Paper Reference: (CSP-9-2) 1570695002 Title: MicroRNA expression classification for human disease prediction Author(s): Ines Slimene; Imen Messaoudi; Afef Elloumi and Zied Lachiri (Tunisia) Abstract – Recent research has shown that microRNA plays an important role in human disease specification. Study of miRNA expression helps to accelerate the diagnosis of diseases and to anticipate treatment. However experimental identification of diseases from microRNA expression such as RPM poses difficulties. Nowadays, we haven’t enough bioinformatics algorithm to predict the association between miRNA and diseases. Herein, we present a machine learning based approach for distinguishing patient from normal person based on miRNA expression. In this paper, we compare different machine learning algorithms such as SVM, KNN and logistic regression to predict infected gene from miRNAs RPM values.

Paper Reference: (CSP-9-3) 1570699697 Title: On the Early Detection of COVID19 using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques: A Review Author(s): Mohammed Siddiqui; Mohammed Ali and Mohamed Deriche (Saudi Arabia) Abstract – The outbreak of the new coronavirus (COVID19), has caused devastating eﬀects and was declared as a major pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Apart from knowing the main causes, it’s very important to timely diagnose the virus in an individual, so that treatment and isolation (if needed) can start as early as possible and spread of the virus is contained among the healthy people. In this research, we discuss various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches that have been proposed for the diagnosis of the virus using diﬀerent bio-indicators with particular focus on lungs imaging. A detailed analysis of existing techniques is presented with future perspective on the use of new machine learning techniques for the diagnosis of the COVID19 and other similar viruses.

Paper Reference: (CSP-9-4) 1570699802 Title: Performance trade-oﬀs of hybrid cryptosystem for medical images encryption - decryption Author(s): Amal Hafsa; Jihene Malek and Mohsen Machhout (Tunisia) Abstract – With the growth of Computer Network and Communication Technology, medical images need to be exchanged safely by public communication networks. High security and high speed of image transmission become much more important. In this paper, an improved AES-ECC hybrid cryptosystem is proposed to be implemented in the DE2-115 board combining beneﬁts of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with CTR mode to accelerate data encryption and the Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to secure the exchange for symmetric session key. To reduce the execution time in the encryption process, both shift rows and mix columns operation in the AES are removed and replaced with a random permutation. Only six rounds of encryption are performed in a loop. In the ECC, both point addition and point doubling are optimized to use only two reused multipliers. Our hardware implementation on ALTERA CYCLONE IV.E FPGA, uses only 14% of logic elements achieving a maximum frequency of 236 MHz and consumed 1.35 mw of thermal power dissipation. Security analysis is successfully performed and our experiments prove that the suggested technique provides the basis of cryptography with more simplicity and correctness.

Paper Reference: (CSP-9-5) 1570700816 Title: MR Brain Image Segmentation Optimized by Using Ant Colony Algorithm Author(s): Dalenda Bouzidi; Fahmi Ghozzi and Ahmed Fakhfakh (Tunisia) Abstract – In the last decades, image processing has become an interesting task in the field of medical imaging. one of the most important medical imaging techniques used for diagnosis is the magnetic resonance image (MRI) which is considered to be a very useful medical tool for detecting the tumor progression of multiple sclerosis MS. The segmentation of brain tumors from MRI images is an effective technique. Several recent approaches for segmentation and classification of MRI sequences have been proposed for the automatic detection of MS outliers. This paper illustrates an algorithm based on the meta-heuristic ”Ant Colonies Optimization ACO” for the segmentation of MRI images. We propose to apply the technique of ant colonies to estimate the segmentations of brain MRI images from a novel MR datasets of 30 MS patients, which were acquired with a 3T MR scanner with conventional sequences in order to optimize their overall rendering and to compare with consensual segmentation. The submitted algorithm is evaluated by using MATLAB GUI program.

50 Paper Reference: (CSP-9-6) 1570702804 Title: Non-Invasive Microwave CSRR-Based Sensor for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Detection Author(s): Mohammed Bait-Suwailam and Issam Bahadur (Oman) Abstract – This paper presents numerical modeling and study of a non-invasive microwave sensor for the detection of diabetic foot ulcers. The developed microwave sensor is based on the subwavelength complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) concept, which fits quite well to sense the changes in the electromagnetic properties of the human foot tissues when placed in near-field zone of the foot. To validate the concept, the transmission coefficient between two ports that are attached at sensor’s ends is numerically computed for a diabetic foot ulcer and compared against a normal foot (non-diabetic). This portable sensor among other non-invasive microwave sensing modalities can provide a low-cost early screening tool for diabetic foot care.

Paper Reference: (CSP-10-1) 1570699491 Title: An Intelligent Image Processing-based Approach to Optimize Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Author(s): Javad Navaei; Mohammad Babakmehr; Rajeev Kalamdani; Yu-Ning Liu; Shanshan Qiu; Farhan Javed and Jasper Blackful (USA) Abstract – In this paper, a novel image processing-based approach is proposed to optimize vehicle headlamps aiming. Currently, most aiming devices rely on numerical derivative oriented methods to find the essential focal features, also called reference points, to perform the aiming process. However, these approaches are not robust, and minor changes in isocurves’ smoothness may result in finding inaccurate aiming focal features. To address the associated robustness issue, a statistical signal processing-based approach named penalized contrast for changepoint detection is proposed. Experimental results indicate a high accuracy level of the proposed method concerning the master-tuned ground truth case studies while suggesting a robust mathematical process. Furthermore, it provides an extra level of flexibility for defining alternative focal features by calculating several points along isocurves, each of which can be considered as an axillary reference point for enhancing the aiming process.

Paper Reference: (CSP-10-2) 1570696785 Title: Moving object detection system based on the modified temporal difference and OTSU algorithm Author(s): Oussama Boufares; Mohamed Boussif and Noureddine Aloui (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we have proposed a robust and computationally inexpensive threefold algorithm used for the detection of moving objects in a video sequence. The adopted algorithm starts with computation of difference between images using modified temporal difference. Images differencing are calculated by subtracting two input frames, at each position of the pixel. Instead of generating image differencing using the traditional continuous approach, we have proposed to use a fixed and modified number of alternate frames centered on the current frame. This approach aims to reduce the computational complexity without compromising on image differencing quality. Object segmentation is finally performed on the refined difference image by the Otsu’s algorithm. The evaluation tests show that the proposed approach reaches the better performance of detection compared with other approaches.

Paper Reference: (CSP-10-3) 1570694798 Title: Indoor sign Detection System for Indoor Assistance Navigation Author(s): Mouna Afif; Riadh Ayachi; Yahia Said and Mohamed Atri (Tunisia–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Indoor signage plays an important role in finding specific destinations and way-finding especially for blind and visually impaired people (VIP). In this paper, we developed a new indoor signage classifier using deep convolutional neural Network (DCNN). Computer vision-based systems using cameras-based present a potential intermediate to assist blind and VIP persons on accessing unfamiliar buildings. Experiments were performed on a new dataset taken in an indoor building in France. The proposed dataset present 800 natural images divided into 4 indoor signs. Results achieved show that our proposed approach presents very encouraging results coming to 99.8% as recognition precision rate.

Paper Reference: (CSP-10-4) 1570696123 Title: Improvement of Searching Data in MongoDB with the Usage of Oracle Database Author(s): Roman Ceresnak; Karol Matiasko and Adam Dudas (Slovakia) Abstract – In the 1950s of the last century, when the demand for useful data storage came to data storage, relational databases started to play an essential role in many sectors. Nowadays, relational databases cannot effectively fulfill the demands for interactive web and mobile applications, demanding flexibility and scalability

51 for a data model. NoSQL term covers all the nonrelational databases, providing no-scheme, and scaling model. Databases NoSQL, also called internet databases, are nowadays used by companies such as Google, Amazon, Facebook, and many other significant organizations. Different classes of databases NoSQL, concretely couples of key-value couples, documentary, column-oriented, and graph databases, allow programmers to model the data near the format used in their application. One of the disadvantages, whose results from a free structure, is the security of effective searching in the nonrelational databases. Several studies dealt with the effective way of searching in the nonrelational databases. They examined the model data in the nonrelational database Mongo DB with the help of a relational model. We introduce a method in this paper that will search for the data stored in the nonrelational database MongoDB using the model with the permanent structure in relational database Oracle.

Paper Reference: (CSP-10-5) 1570699976 Title: Outcomes-Based Teaching of Electrical Engineering Courses at Qassim University during the Pandemic Author(s): Imed Saad Ben Dhaou (Saudi Arabia–Tunisia) Abstract – This paper presents the adoption of outcomes-based teaching in Qassim University through ICT, the natural learning cycle, and mind maps. Two courses are considered in this study with the focus on the teaching methodologies and the associated tools. The learning outcomes have been assessed before and during the coronavirus pandemic. Results show that the traditional way of examination can be substituted with an online assessment using project-based learning and short quizzes.

52 PSE Papers

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-1) 1570692083 Title: A Hybrid fault diagnosis approach for PV generators based on I-V and P-V characteristics analysis Author(s): Noureddaher Zaidi; Adel Kheder and Mohamed Jemli (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, we present a hybrid fault diagnosis approach dedicated for PV generators via current- voltage and power-voltage curve analysis. It is mainly based on two signature generators which are the fuzzy logic classifier and the threshold based one. The two classifiers act on the available data by considering three thresholds which are made according to the generator PV typical parameters. The proposed fault diagnosis approach requires only the available measured variables and is able to identify the most frequently met defects related to shading, temperature, leakage current and increased series resistance losses. The addressed PV generators are based on one diode model. The overall results have proved the proposed methodology capacity in handling PV faults detection and identification.

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-2) 1570694792 Title: Enhanced RF for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Uncertain PV systems Author(s): Khaled Dhibi; Radhia Fezai; Majdi Mansouri; Kais Bouzrara; Hazem N Nounou and Mohamed Nounou (Tunisia–Qatar) Abstract – This paper proposes a new fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) approach based on Random Forest (RF) for uncertain Grid-Connected PV (GCPV) system. Firstly, to deal with uncertainties, interval RF based on upper and lower bounds of interval matrix RFUL is proposed. To more improve the diagnosis accuracy, interval kernel PCA (IKPCA)-based RF classifier is developed. The enhanced scheme is so-called IKPCA-based RF and it is based on three major phases: feature extraction (FE), feature selection (FS) and fault classification (FC). The basic idea behind FE and FS phases is to use IKPCA model in order to select the most relevant and informative features from raw data. IKPCA aims to fit two KPCA models on the lower and upper bounds of the variables interval values. Then, the sensitive and significant interval valued characteristics are transmitted to the RF model for classification purposes. The presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed interval-valued methods when applied to uncertain GCPV systems.

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-3) 1570695846 Title: Diagnosis and Detection of Rotor Bars Faults in Induction Motor Using HT and DWT Techniques Author(s): Wissam Dehina; Mohamed Boumehraz and Frederic Kratz (Algeria–France) Abstract – The detection of electrical and mechanical faults in induction machine (IM) by analysis of stator current methods has been widely explored. These techniques have become the reference method for the faults diagnosis and are called Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA); these methods are based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Hilbert transform (HT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are applied to detect the broken rotor bars faults in induction motor. The Hilbert transform is used to extract the stator current envelope for the stator current and processes via DWT. The main objectives of HT is the removal of the fundamental component to allow a clearer vision of the fault frequencies. This technique is eﬀective for the stationary signal processing. The analysis and fault signature of the IM is performed in healthy and faulty states. In this paper, the simulation and experimental results are presented for the diagnosis and detecting of the broken bars faults at the rotor level.

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-4) 1570696363 Title: Multi-band Analysis for Enhancing Multiple Combined Fault Diagnosis Author(s): Mohamed Ali Hmida; Firas Ben Abid and Ahmed Braham (Tunisia) Abstract – In this work, a novel approach to detect and diagnose single and combined faults in the Induction Motor (IM) is proposed. In Condition Monitoring Systems (CMS) based on the Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA), the simultaneous occurrence of multiple faults is a major challenge. An innovative technique called Multiple Windowed Harmonic Wavelet Packet Transform (MWHWPT) is used in order to discriminate between the faulty components of the IM, even during compound faults. Thus, each motor component is monitored by a speciﬁc Fault Index (FI) which allows the fault diagnosis without the need for a classiﬁer. The tests carried on Rotor and Bearing faults show high fault diagnosis rate even during compound faults and proves the competitive performance of the proposed approach with literature works.

53 Paper Reference: (PSE-1-5) 1570699747 Title: A Comparative study of Graphical tools for the Fault Monitoring using HBG and DBH Formalisms Author(s): Dhaou Garai; Raﬁka El Harabi and Faouzi Bacha (Tunisia) Abstract – In the present paper, an alternative causal graph based fault detection scheme is designed. The quantitative reasoning is based on the hamiltonian bond graph (HBG), as a graphical model combining the bond graph (BG) and the port hamiltonian (PH) formalisms for characterizing power interactions between submodels, is involved herein in modeling and fault detection of systems. The qualitative reasoning, we capture the qualitative eﬀects of faults on the measurements using the directed behavioral hypergraph (DBH) derived automatically from (HBG) model. And then we compare and discuss the approche qualitative and quantitative, to demonstrate their diagnostic ability for the physical system.

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-6) 1570699985 Title: Sensors faults diagnosis of a wind system Author(s): Aicha Abid; Mouna Ben Hamed and Lassaad Sbita (Tunisia) Abstract – wind systems offer a promising alternative to meet the needs of electricity consumers by exploiting the benefits of renewable natural sources. The work presented in this paper focused on the study of a stand- alone wind system based on a Permanent Magnet synchronous generator for the production of electrical energy in isolated sites. This study aim to detect and isolate the different sensors faults that can affect a wind turbine using a sliding mode observer. The proposed observer is synthesized and implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. Simulation results are presented and analyzed up.

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-7) 1570700011 Title: Principal Component Analysis for Fault detection and isolation in a DC-DC buck converter Author(s): Cheikhna Mahfoud Ahmed Taleb; Othman Nasri; Hajji Omessad; Jaleleddine Ben Hadj Slama and Mamoudou Ndongo (Tunisia–Mauritania) Abstract – The principal component analysis (PCA) is as well as being an eminent technique for dimensionality reduction; a powerful fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique. This reliable FDI has ubiquitously and successfully been used for the monitoring of complex systems. However, in the field of power conversion, PCA has not known the success it has had in the other applications. It has not been used at its full potential as a capable and sufficient diagnostic technique. This paper proposes a method for open-circuit fault detection and isolation (FDI) in DC-DC buck power converters using the PCA technique. In this paper, an efficient algorithm is proposed. The algorithm relies on the squared prediction error (SPE) for fault detection, then the contributions of variables to the SPE statistic are calculated, therefore the fault isolation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through diverse simulation results.

Paper Reference: (PSE-1-8) 1570703615 Title: Sag Monitoring of Overhead Power Lines based on Image Processing Author(s): Achref Abed; Martin Glass; Hafedh Trabelsi and Faouzi Derbel (Germany–Tunisia) Abstract – Inspection of power line infrastructures must be periodically carried out by utilities in order to ensure reliable and safe power distribution. Research efforts are focused on automating the power line inspection process by looking for methods that satisfy the different requirements, e. g. simultaneous detection of transmission towers, checking for defects and analyzing security distances. Following this direction, and since the dynamic line rating is a hot topic in power transmission, this paper proposes an approach based on computer vision to measure the sag and deduce the distance between the line and ground. This method uses the hyperbolic cosine function to draw different templates tagged with according calculated sag. Then each template will be matched to the test image later using template matching. Evaluations show highly encouraging results and therefore. This shows that a computer vision-based approach is a promising technique for real-time, non-contact power line monitoring.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-1) 1570687976 Title: Flexible Control Strategies with Current Limitation of VSIs Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Sags Author(s): Fathia Letaief; Asma Ben Rhouma and Mahmoud Hamouda (Tunisia) Abstract – Unbalanced grid faults are frequent and may cause the disconnection of grid-tied Power Generation Systems (PGS). Therefore, grid codes require these systems to stay connected under grid unbalanced voltage sags and to support the grid voltage. Flexible control strategies of grid-connected Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) play a key role to enhance their Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability. This paper presents a comparative study

54 of two flexible control strategies. The first strategy is based on power oscillations control, while the second uses the concept of voltage-support. A generalized current limitation approach, useful for both strategies, is also proposed. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the performances of the two flexible control strategies along with the proposed current limitation method.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-2) 1570695795 Title: Electrical Power Flow Improvement by Reducing Fault Current using FACTS Devices Author(s): Jahin Al Hasan Joy; Md Rafiqul Islam; Nayeema Hasan; Ibrahim Mustafa Mehedi; Muhyaddin Rawa and Hussain Bassi (Bangladesh–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – Nowadays, power demand has increased to a large extent. But due to scarcity of resources the transmission and distribution systems are not sufficient. The loss existing within the power lines makes the situation more unfavorable to transfer maximum power. One of the most effective ways to reduce these line losses is to implement the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) to control the power flow. In this paper, the FACTS devices are also used for reducing the fault current in the system which also increases the performance of the switchgear and protection equipment. Further larger power can be transmitted through the system with the same switchgear and protection equipment due to reduced fault current. The performance of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is analyzed in this case. The STATCOM and UPFC show remarkable performance in fault current reduction. So, besides the voltage regulation, power flow control STATCOM and UPFC can also ensure the fault current reduction in the power system. The feasibility of the system model is analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-3) 1570695959 Title: Interactive PV-Shunt Active Power Filter based on Impedance Source Inverter Controlled by SRF-MVF Author(s): Ali Teta; Abdellah Kouzou; Mohamed Mounir Rezaoui and Haitham Abu-Rub (Algeria–Qatar) Abstract – This paper deals with an interactive three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) connected to a Photovoltaic (PV) source through a Z-source inverter (ZSI). The filter is controlled by synchronous reference frame (SRF) controller based on Multi-variable filter (MVF). The proposed system is designed to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) and to enhance the power factor. In addition, the filter utilizes the PV source to inject active power into the grid as an additional support. The proposed system has been validated through extensive real-time simulation carried out using OPAL-RT-5600 under several scenarios. The conducted investigations are aimed to demonstrate the good performance of the filter in terms of harmonic elimination, operating under weak grid conditions, and injecting active power to the grid.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-4) 1570695968 Title: Harmonic Impacts on the Electrical Distribution Network by the Broad Usage of LED Lamps Author(s): Abdeljelil Chammam; Brahim Mrabet; Laurent Canale and Georges Zissis (Saudi Arabia–Tunisia– France) Abstract – The light-emitting diode (LED) is undoubtedly one of the greatest revolutions ever known in the world of lighting since the invention of the light bulb. LED is becoming more popular recently thanks to its large color gamut and high flexibility of light control. Most LED lamps manufactured have a low power factor and because of the non-linearity of their driver, they inject harmonics into the power grid and affect its power quality. Recent research has been conducted to study the effect of LED lamps on power sources and provide solutions to limit their negative impact on the network. In this paper, we conduct a study in order to quantify the impact of LED lamps on power quality and carry out an experimental measurement of current and voltage harmonics with up to 40 LEDs. We develop a current model of LED lamp so as to use it for simulations to investigate the influence of widespread use of LED lamps on distribution power system.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-5) 1570699744 Title: P/Q Control of Grid-Connected Inverters Author(s): Ali Aillane; Aissa Chouder; Karim Dahech; Tarak Damak and Seydali Ferahtia (Tunisia–Algeria)

Abstract – For several years, the focus of recent research has been on solar power and distributed generation (DG) systems, these systems have been widely used in various applications. In photovoltaic grid-connected (GC) and DG systems, one of the objectives that the grid-connected inverters (GCI) is the control of current coming from the photovoltaic modules or DG units. In this way, this paper describes a simple P/Q control strategy for

55 three-phase GCI. Initially, the proposed control of the grid side is introduced. Secondly, to synchronize the grid side voltage with grid current, a synchronous reference frame (SRF) based phase locked loop (PLL) is applied. Finally, the simulation of grid-connected inverters using PSIM is presented to illustrate concepts and results.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-6) 1570699844 Title: Enhanced Harmonic Elimination Using Genetic Algorithm Optimization in Multilevel Inverters Author(s): Nour El Houda Gabour; Fatiha Habbi; Mohamed Bounekhla and El Ghalia Boudissa (Algeria) Abstract – In this paper, an Enhanced method has been proposed to calculate the switching angles based on genetic algorithm (GA). It is well known that the pulse width modulation selective harmonic elimination control (SHEPWM) applied to a seven-level inverter can allow the suppression of only two low order harmonics. To improve the total harmonic distortion (THD), and without any modiﬁcation to the seven-level inverter structure, seven low order harmonics has been successfully eliminated. This is done by suitably adding holes in the conventional staircase voltage leg. Furthermore, a hole distribution in agreement with the sin function shape is proposed. GA is applied to determine the optimized switching angles. For this purpose, a cost function containing the nonlinear equations under standard constraints is proposed. These constraints are weight up by conception parameters for a better reshape of the output voltage. This developed procedure can eliminate a desired number of low harmonics, only restricted by the maximal switching frequency of the power switches. Results of the suggested method are compared to the conventional SHE involved in seventeen-level staircase wave. They reveal that the developed method is a very eﬀective one for optimal harmonic elimination technique in multilevel inverters.

Paper Reference: (PSE-2-7) 1570701660 Title: Three-Level NPC shunt active ﬁlter powered by a hybrid fuel-cell/battery dc bus voltage Author(s): Billel Bourouis; Hind Djeghloud and Hocine Benalla (Algeria) Abstract – This paper concerns the application of a NPC three-level shunt active power ﬁlter for damping harmonic disturbances from a three-phase feeder. The main contribution of the article is the elaboration of an algorithm dedicated to manage the energy in the hybrid fuel cell/battery DC bus feeding the SAPF. Design of active and passive main components is presented. The control circuit is based on the SRF algorithm for detecting the reference harmonic currents and on the phase-shifted carrier-based PWM technique for gating signals generation. Moreover, dimensioning of the SAPF input DC bus voltage and AC output current PI regulators are provided. The study is validated through computer simulations using MATLAB/Simulink. The checked THDs of the feeder voltage and current, power factor and current unbalance rate, demonstrate a satisfying improvement in the power quality of the feeder.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-1) 1570692196 Title: Sensorless Control of PMSM using SMC and Sensor Fault Detection Observer Author(s): Marcel Nicola and Claudiu-Ionel Nicola (Romania) Abstract – In this article is presented a type of sensorless control system for a PMSM using a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) type controller, which replaces the PI-type controller of a PMSM rotor speed control loop, and the speed is estimated using a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO) type observer. For the detection of the faults from power supply lines given by current sensors of the PMSM, the Fault Detection Observer (FDO) type observer is used. The equations of the SMC-type controller, of the SMO-type observer, and of the fault detection observer, as well as their implementation in Matlab/Simulink graphical programming environment are presented in this article. Following the numerical simulations, the special performances of the SMC-type controller are presented, but also as compared to the PI speed controller in the classic Field Oriented Control (FOC) type structure. The FDO-type observer has a good response time and works with good results even under the conditions where uniformly distributed disturbances act on the system. The future papers will approach the methods of implementation in real time in embedded system of the SMC control and of the described observers.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-2) 1570692198 Title: Sensorless Control of PMSM using Fractional Order SMC and Extended Kalman Observer Author(s): Marcel Nicola and Claudiu-Ionel Nicola (Romania) Abstract – In this article is presented a type of sensorless control system for the rotor speed of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) relied on Field Oriented Control (FOC) type strategy where the PI speed controller used in the classical structure of this strategy is replaced with a Fractional Order - Sliding Mode Control (FO-SMC) speed controller. Based on the fractional calculus, if the controller order is not integer and,

56 starting from the synthesis equations of a SMC-type controller, the equations of a FO-SMC speed controller are synthesized. The disturbances acting on the control system are modeled by their covariance matrices, and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) observer is used to estimate the rotor speed of the PMSM. The mathematical models of the PMSM, of the SMC and FO-SMC controllers, of the EKF observer, as well as the numerical simulations achieved in Matlab/Simulink are presented herein. The article presents the superior performance of the FO-SMC-type controller for the control of both rotor speed and position of the PMSM as compared to the SMC-type controller, which is due to the fractional calculus and the higher number of parameters used in the design of the controllers.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-3) 1570694278 Title: Torque Ripple Minimization Approach of a 3-phase Switched Reluctance Motor Author(s): Zeineb Touati; Imed Mahmoud and Adel Khedher (Tunisia) Abstract – A major problem in Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is torque ripple, which causes undesirable acoustic noise and vibration. Thus, to attenuate the oscillations amplitudes, solutions exploiting the Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) and considering the speed and load variations are proposed in this article. Using the simulation results provided by the execution of the behavioral model developed using the finite element method, we determine the SRM static and dynamic characteristics. The proposed method efficiency is also demonstrated and verified by simulations.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-4) 1570695728 Title: FPGA Implementation of a Sensorless RFOC Strategy for the Delta Inverter fed Induction Motor Drive Author(s): Asma Ben Rhouma (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper deals with the fields programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a sensorless rotor flux oriented control (RFOC) in a reduced delta inverter fed induction motor drive. In fact, this work represents the cost-effectiveness and the compactness of the electric motor drive control within the consideration of two major reductions: (i) the half reduction of the inverter feeding the electric motor when the reduced delta inverter is used, (ii) the elimination of the speed encoder which allows the decrease of the cost and the volume of the system control. The sensorless RFOC strategy is considered in this paper with a speed estimation based on the application of the MRAS algorithm. The implementation of this strategy on the FPGA virtex 5 board is made using the Xilinx system generator programming tools (XSG). To execute this implementation, a hardware co-simulation test is performed. The performances of this test are approved with the validity of the good agreement between the co-simulation and the XSG simulation results.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-5) 1570695849 Title: Control of a Stand-Alone Variable Speed Wind Turbine with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Author(s): Mohammed Abdulelah Albasheri; ouchhida Ouahid and Soﬁ Youcef (Algeria) Abstract – This research paper deals with the modeling and controlling of the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The WECS functions at inconstant speed. The algorithm control is based on Direct Power Control (DPC) with an AC/DC converter system with a PI controller for the DC link voltage. In the suggested method, two hysteresis controllers are used to control and modify active and reactive power. The Simulation of proposed scheme is applied using MATLAB Simulink model. The results proved the validity of the developed model.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-6) 1570695974 Title: Traction Mode of an Electric Vehicle based on a Delta Inverter feeding a Split Stator Windings PMSM Author(s): Asma Ben Rhouma (Tunisia) Abstract – In this paper, a traction mode of an electric vehicle based on a delta inverter feeding a split stator windings permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is proposed. The use of reduced inverter topologies such as the delta inverter allows the cost-effectiveness and the compactness of the electric propulsion systems. The PMSM with split stator windings is adopted in the integrated battery charger of hybrid electric vehicles as a motor with reconfigured stator windings for all different modes: traction/charge operation. This paper develops the traction mode operation of these motor/inverter association under a vector control strategy. Simulation results of the proposed association under the dedicated strategy are registered.

57 Paper Reference: (PSE-3-7) 1570699413 Title: Marine Current Energy Conversion System driven DFIG connected to DC-bus Author(s): Yosra Smai; Bilel Touaiti; Hechmi Ben Azza and Mohamed Jemli (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper presents the Field Oriented Control (FOC) of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) linked to a DC -bus in Marine Current Energy Conversion (MCEC) System. The DFIG-DC system is an important configuration witch used a diode rectifier to ensure the connection between the stator of the DFIG and the DC-bus, while the rotor is connected to the load and the inverter. The control method used in this paper is the Field Oriented Control (FOC) which use the d-axis current to maintain the stator frequency constant and q-axis rotor current to keep the dc voltage constant. Simulation and experimental results confirm the performance of the proposed control strategy.

Paper Reference: (PSE-3-8) 1570699609 Title: Improved Classic Direct Torque Control Based on Doubly Fed Induction Generator Use Neural Network Author(s): Mujammal Ahmed Hasan Mujammal; Abdelhafidh Moualdia and Djamal Boudana (Algeria) Abstract – Direct Torque Control simplifies and improves the dynamic performances when applied on the Doubly Fed Induction Generator. However, the variable switching frequency represents the most significant drawback of the Classical Direct Torque Control strategy, which mainly depends on the sampling frequency, the look up table structure and hysteresis bands. In this paper we proposed an improvement depended on the approach Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), under Matlab Simulink the neural network replaced the hysteresis comparators and the look-up table (LUT) in order to overcome the instability caused by the undesirable ripple in the current and torque side. The Levenberg - Marquardt back-propagation algorithm has been used to train the neural network and the simple structure network facilitates a short training and processing times. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed strategy effectively reduces the currents, torque and flux ripple at low switching frequency, even under variable speed operation conditions.

Paper Reference: (PSE-4-1) 1570691563 Title: Backstepping Controller Design for the Medium and Low Voltage Stages of Smart Transformer Author(s): Hiba Helali and Adel Khedher (Tunisia) Abstract – The Smart Transformer (ST) is a smart device allowing the integration of renewable energy resources, energy storage systems and electric vehicle charging stations into the grid. The ST plays a manager role between the diﬀerent parts of the Smart Grid (SG), due to its features, namely, bidirectional power control, automatic voltage regulation, power quality improvement and advanced communication services. The three-stage topology of the smart transformer is considered as the most appropriate one for SG requirements. To improve the ST performance, several controller strategies such as, Proportional-Integral controller, predictive controller, and linear-quadratic-regulator, have been proposed. These controllers, practically, show good performance, but they are not robust to parameter variations and grid perturbations. To overcome these limitations, a nonlinear adaptive Backstepping controller is proposed in this paper. The accurate design steps of Backstepping controller are presented and investigated. The eﬀectiveness of the proposed controller is validated through simulations results.

Paper Reference: (PSE-4-2) 1570691945 Title: The Challenges in a Case of Protecting a Series Compensated Transmission Line Author(s): Abosalah ElMehdi and Ali Ben-Ashour (Libya) Abstract – The more common and economic way for increasing the power transfer capability of a transmission line is by installing capacitor banks that are connected in series with those lines. In such case, the transmission line is called a series compensated line. In general, all of electric components in AC power networks should have their own protection schemes, for instance the transmission lines are protected using the line current diﬀerential scheme or the communication aided distance scheme as a primary protection scheme, and in addition a conventional distance scheme (Modiﬁed impedance or Quadrilateral protective element) is used as a backup protection. So, installing capacitor banks in series with such lines will raise new challenges to the existent protection scheme of that line. This paper addresses these challenges when a series compensated transmission system needs to be protected from the AC faults or severed disturbances. Where, the most common challenges in series compensated transmission systems are: voltage inversion, current inversion, and sub-harmonic frequency oscillations. A chosen series compensated transmission system will be used as a model for performing this research study, and simulated results will be shown for this work. Finally, based on protection engineer point view the recommendations of the relay settings will be discussed to overcome most of these raised challenges in protecting the series compensated transmission system. 58 Paper Reference: (PSE-4-3) 1570692238 Title: A generic model for the simulation of the thermal and energetic behaviour of technical systems Author(s): Oliver Welz; Sophie Gedicke; Julian Hofbauer and Mathias Rudolph (Germany) Abstract – Establishing and controlling of smart decentralized grids represents a challenging task for future modern energy networks. Therefore, it is necessary to examine fundamental system behavior. One promising way to address this topic is to model technical systems consisting of energy producer, -storage and -consumer in a decentralized network. The following approach presents a generic model for the computer-aided simulation of thermal and energetic behavior of technical systems.

Paper Reference: (PSE-4-4) 1570697421 Title: Study of spectral response of Transformer Oil under Low Electrical Discharge and Thermal Stress Author(s): Saliha Boudraa; L. Mokhnache; I. Fofana and F. Benabed (Algeria–Canada) Abstract – The knowledge of the degradation behaviour or aging characteristics mechanism of electrical insu- lating under various conditions is of utmost importance to both electrical equipment designers and maintenance planners. Many engineers in the high-voltage field are deeply concerned with the stability of transformer insu- lation under electrical and/or thermal stresses. Knowing that oil is a weak link in a composite or impregnated dielectric system with reference to both dielectric strength and ease of contamination, many investigators have devoted great efforts to improve our basic knowledge of oil behaviour under various stresses. The aim of this contribution is to use different spectroscopy measurements for studying the effect of low electrical discharge and the local overheating stresses on transformer oil properties and investigate the correlation between the different methods. In this regard, various scenarios were considered; the study was carried on mineral oil and the gassing behaviour, as well as turbidity (ASTM D6181), dissolved decay products (ASTM D6802) and infrared spectres have been monitored.

PSE-4-5 Paper Reference: (PSE-4-5) 1570699875 Title: Comparative Analysis Study of Tunisian and Algerian Grid Codes Relevant to PV Installations Author(s): Chokri Ben salah; Gaith Baccouche; Abdel Azizi Saidi; Saida Makhlouﬁ and Adnene El Haj Hamida (Tunisia–Ageria–Saudi Arabia) Abstract – This article provides a comparative study of the technical requirements applied by the two Tunisian and Algerian countries. This comparison including Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) and High Voltage Ride- Through (HVRT) is provided and discussed. As well each country establishes its own network code to meet the minimum technical criteria required and revises it frequently to cope with new modiﬁcations of the public service, to keep the protection, the quality of the power supply, the reliability and the stability. This comparison showed that the two countries have a great similarity in their grid codes almost 90% and almost 100% in certain intervals. All results have been checked carrying out using real electrical parameters data

PSE-4-6 Paper Reference: (PSE-4-6) 1570700977 Title: Chaos Embedded Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problem Author(s): Ismail H. Daghan; Muhsin Gencoglu and Mahmut Temel Ozdemir (Turkey) Abstract – This paper proposes chaos embedded particle swarm optimization, (CEPSO) to achieve optimal settings of the optimal power flow problem’s (OPF) control variables. Various objective functions such as fuel cost minimization, voltage profile improvement, voltage stability enhancement, active and reactive power losses, are achieved through using the proposed algorithm. All objective functions are processed as single objectives in each case. The performance of the algorithm is tested on the IEEE standard 30 Bus system. The CEPSO’s and PSO’s results are compared with each other. As objective functions the fuel cost minimization, voltage profile improvement, reactive power loss minimization were first time processed by the proposed algorithm. The obtained result of the fuel cost objective function is compared with other algorithms’ results.

Paper Reference: (PSE-4-7) 1570704368 Title: Reducing eﬀect of neighboring HV overhead lines on interference at single-pole automatic reclosing Author(s): Fabian Wiessner; Torsten Tobien and Faouzi Derbel (Germany) Abstract – In the case of a single-pole automatic reclosing, the faulty main conductor is interrupted on both sides during the dead time, which means that the current of the interrupted main conductor must ﬂow via the neutral points of the transformers in the transmission line. This has the advantage that, despite the interruption, energy continues to be transmitted via this overhead line. The aim of this paper is to present the

59 results of an investigation based on several measurements on the automatic reclosing process to determine the reducing effect of the neighboring overhead line system running in parallel. Since overhead lines in Germany are built normally as double lines (because of (n-1) criterion), the minimizing influence of the neighboring conductor system in operation should be taken into account when determining the interference during the dead time. If this influence is not taken into account, it is possible that cost-intensive measures will have to be implemented without justification. Since a large part of the current of the interrupted main conductor flows through the neighboring system, the induced voltage is reduced many times by this effect, e. g. as presented in this paper by a factor of tree.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-1) 1570692073 Title: Incorporation of a Viscosity-based Model in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for SPM Author(s): Hajer Mel; Ali Mansouri and Hafedh Trabelsi (Tunisia) Abstract – A magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model that is based on viscosity notion has been proposed, developed and applied for the prediction of magnetization curves and loop shapes in a surface permanent magnet (SPM) machine. The proposed model has been implemented into a numerical program based on finite element method. The used model is based on three magnetic field strength components which are responsible for engendering iron losses including hysteresis, classical and excess losses. The magnetic field component which presents hysteresis losses is determined using a static hysteresis model. Profound simulations have been performed to model dynamic B-H loops in the studied machine. The obtained results prove the efficiency, stability and generality of the proposed model for the evaluation of magnetization behavior in electrical machines even under distorted flux patterns.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-2) 1570692120 Title: The impact of electrodes on the reduction of anisotropy in biological tissues Author(s): Chaima Dhifallah; Nejeh Hamdaoui; Sami Ameur and Ridha Ajjel (Tunisia) Abstract – The aim of the research is to find the most suitable electrode that can be used to estimate the electrical behavior of cells and biological tissue by measuring the aging of the fish and obtaining results according to physical analysis. For this purpose, the measurements were performed in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 7 MHz, where two areas of dispersion are indicated, α dispersion at low frequency and β dispersion at high frequency. The result shows that the cylindrical electrode is more suitable for measurement because it solves the problem of fiber anisotropy. Also, the needle electrode has higher resistance values compared to the other electrode.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-3) 1570693764 Title: Optical and electrical modeling for high power conversion efficiency hybrid perovskite solar cells Author(s): Fatma Ezzahra Cherif and Habib Sammouda (Tunisia) Abstract – Perovskite materials have been successfully investigated in solar cells applications in order to deliver high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this paper, we assess the performance of cesium-formamidinium-based mixed-halide perovskite with varied bandgap for perovskite solar cell (PSC) applications, and we derive their sensitivity under high-temperature conditions. A proposed combined opto-electronic model is used to optimize PSC and achieve the highest PCEs. Our Simulated results highlight that appropriate bandgap engineering of 1.62 Ev, optimal interface materials and thickness of the perovskite absorber lead to significantly higher PCE over 20% for PSC. Of critical importance, the temperature sensitivity of PSC is decreased as compared to the crystalline-silicon solar cell device under high-temperature conditions. Thus, our work shows that PSC under optimal characteristics could be the possible new guidance for manufacturing solar cells of higher PCEs and low cost.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-4) 1570699842 Title: Non-Fourier heat conduction effect in nanoscale FinFET and GAAFET Transistor Author(s): Maissa Belkhiria; Fraj Echouchene and Nejeh Jaba (Tunisia) Abstract – Modern transistors such as FinFETs and GAAFET suffer from excessive heat confinement due to their small size with limited paths to the thermal ambient. This, results in device self-heating, which can reduce speed, increase leakage, and accelerate aging. In this paper, we present a comparison of the temperature distribution in nanosized FinFET, one-nanowire Gate-All-Around FET (1N-GAAFET) and in two-nanowire Gate-All-Around FET (2N-GAAFET) structures. Two different heat transfer models are taken into considerations. The first one is the classical Fourier-Kirchhoff model, while the second one is called the Single-Phase-Lag model. The numerical simulation has been investigated using finite element method. 60 Paper Reference: (PSE-5-5) 1570699884 Title: Analysis of heat transfer in GAAFET Transistor with linear doping based on single-phase lag model Author(s): Fraj Echouchene and Maissa Belkhiria (Tunisia) Abstract – The self-heating effect in gate all around FET transistors (GAAFET) is investigated in this paper. The finite element method is used to analyze the heat conduction based on the 2d single-phase lag (SPL) equation. New devices with linear doping profile in the source and drain region have been taken into consideration. The study has carried out different structures, triple material surrounding gate (TMSG), dual material surrounding gate (DMSG), and single material surrounding gate (SMSG) structure. The simulation results were compared to conventional devices with a constant doping profile. The influence of heat flux time lag values in temperature distribution has also been discussed. Results show that the linear doping profile and the right choice of the gate work function or the heat flux lag ?q parameters provide better energy management profile to improve performance of technology applications.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-6) 1570700126 Title: Tuning the Performance of Flexible Lead-Free Zn-BCZT/PVDF-HFP Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Author(s): Amina Ben Ayed; Hanen Nouri; Hamadi Khemakhem; Olfa Kanoun and Ayda Bouhamed (Tunisia– Germany) Abstract – Recently, environmentally, friendly and flexible piezoelectric generators have attracted considerable interest in powering wearable and implantable devices. In this present work, a lead free and flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator with good efficiency is demonstrated, based on composite film of zinc doped Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 (Zn-BCZT) nanoparticles embedded into polyvinylidenefluoride-co- hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) polymer. The effect of the different doping contents of Zn-BCZT on the electrical behavior or response and the output performance of piezoelectric nanogenerator were investigated. As a result, composite film with 7 wt.% contents Zn-BCZT shows an excellent performance, which generated the maximum open-circuit voltage of 2.24 V. Moreover, impedance spectra show increased conductivity with increasing of Zn-BCZT content. Besides, Zn-BCZT/PVDF-HFP nanogenerators generate the maximum power equal to 2.26 µW across a load resistance of 860 kΩ with 7 wt. % of content. The output voltage of the nanogenerator shows good linear relationship with the applied force. Owing to the sensitivity of microforce, this developed piezoelectric generator it could be used not only as generator but also can be as force sensor.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-7) 1570700490 Title: Enhanced piezoelectric performance of lead free BCZT based flexible nanogenerator Author(s): Sarra Missaoui; Ayda Bouhamed; Mohamed Hassan Khedri; Hamadi Khemakhem and Olfa Ka- noun (Tunisia–Germany) Abstract – Piezoelectric nanogenerator are attracting a lot of attention due to environmental constraints and the ecological considerations of energy collection. A piezoelectric nanocomposite based on Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1 Ti0.9 O3 (BCZT ) nanoparticles and PDMS polymer with excellent output properties for the application of nanogenerators has been developed. The piezoelectric nanogenerator is smart device that offers these required qualities and properties and converts mechanical energy. Here PENG can generate an open circuit voltage of 10 respectively under the effect of light finger tapping and under the effect of vibration shaker. It reaches a power P=2.218 µW for a resistance R= 370 kΩ. This generator is known by its simple and ordinary design as well its high performance after polarization. However, the polarization is long and unsafe. To avoid this problem, a homogeneous distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the BCZT/PDMS matrix is the best solution to have self-polarized generator. In this study, piezoelectric nanocomposites were prepared using solution mixing method. A comparative study was performed to investigate the impact of CNTs on the performance of nanogenrators under external mechanical load. A nanogenerator with 15 wt% BCZT doped with CNTs offers an outstanding output performance with an open circuit voltage of 15 V and an output power P=5.68029 µW at a resistance load R =350 kΩ using the shaker device.

Paper Reference: (PSE-5-8) 1570701697 Title: Implementation of a Second Order Sliding Mode Speed Controller for an Induction Motor Using an FPGA Author(s): Saber Krim and Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper aims to improve a Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy performances for an induction motor using Second Order Sliding Mode Control. Firstly, to improve the speed control loop and increase the DTC robustness, a Proportional Integral (PI) speed controller is replaced by a Second-Order Super-Twisting

61 Speed Controller (SOSTSC). Secondly, this paper presents the importance of implementing the suggested DTC- SOSTSC using a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuit. The main objective of the FPGA implementation is to reduce the control loop delay, thanks to the parallel processing of FPGAs. The performances of the suggested DTC-SOSTSC algorithm are investigated by digital simulation using a system generator tool and an FPGA-Virtex V.

Paper Reference: (PSE-6-1) 1570695889 Title: Comparative study among physical models and artificial intelligence methods for PV power forecasting Author(s): Rim Ben Ammar; Mohsen Ben Ammar and Abdelmajid Oualha (Tunisia) Abstract – The renewable energy is widely used around the word, thanks to its multiples benefits as property and durability. Upgrading the accuracy of photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting is critical for management and dispatching operations. Nevertheless, this is a difficult task due to its intermittent nature. As the photovoltaic power depends mostly on solar irradiation and ambient temperature, its prediction can be done through meteoro- logical variables estimation. Various methodologies have been developed, including physical models and artificial intelligence techniques. This paper provides a comparison between empirical models (Perrin de Brichambaut, Liu and Jordan, Eufrat, Ghouard, Capderou and the ambient temperature distribution model) and the deep learning techniques (the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP)) to explore their effectiveness in PV power forecasting based on the errors percentages. The simulation results show that the artificial intelligence topologies outperform the physical models. Moreover, the ANFIS model is more accurate than the MLP network.

Paper Reference: (PSE-6-2) 1570696182 Title: A Composite Moving Average Algorithm for Predicting Energy in Solar Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes Author(s): Murad Al-Omary; Rafat Aljarrah; Aiman Albatayneh and Mustafa Jaradat (Jordan) Abstract – Recently, the operation of solar supplied wireless sensor nodes became dependent basically on implementing prediction algorithms for the expected harvested solar energy. These prediction algorithms contribute to saving energy. Thus, extending the lifetime of that sensors through utilizing the saved energy later. Among different prediction algorithms, the moving average based ones are the most used for their simplicity with limited resources in systems like sensor nodes. The basic moving average algorithm, Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA), is appropriate only to predict energies for symmetric days. Thus, it shows significant prediction error at times of sudden weather fluctuations. The other moving average algorithms, Weather Condi- tion Moving Average (WCMA) and Pro-Energy show considerable errors specifically at sunset and sunrise times with a preference for the last one. This paper proposes a new moving average algorithm, named (EWWC), to eliminate the overall daily prediction error by combining two moving average algorithms (EWMA and WCMA). For two weeks, one in summer and another in winter, EWWC shows an average prediction error of (16.3%, 20.5%) while (EWMA) and (WCMA) show (21.2%, 25.1%) and (17.9%, 22.1%), respectively. This means that EWWC has an improvement of 1.6% in both weeks. Thus, it is recommended to be used for predicting energy in solar-powered sensor nodes.

Paper Reference: (PSE-6-3) 1570699670 Title: Solar Irradiance measuring using PV module and PIC microcontroller based Electronic assembly Author(s): Fekkak Bouazza; Abdellah Kouzou and Hamid Kaabeche (Algeria) Abstract – In this paper, a simple and low cost method based on a mathematical equation is used to calculate the solar irradiance (G). It is based on the short circuit currents output and the currents at the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV module at both Standard test conditions (STC) and Actual conditions of irradiation & temperature (G, T). The values of currents at (STC) (Isc (STC)); (Imp (STC)) are read dire ctly on the PV module datasheet, while the other value of currents at (G, T) conditions (Isc (G, T)); (Imp (G, T)) are measured via a data acquisition card equipped with a PIC microcontroller and voltage and current sensors. The used equation with the four currents is programmed using LabView interface. Several irradiances deduced from these four data are displayed on the graphical interface. Three different PV modules have been tested and the obtained solar irradiances have been compared to those displayed by a first class pyranometer. The error calculation confirms the accuracy of the proposed method.

Paper Reference: (PSE-6-4) 1570699952 Title: Hybrid Energy Storage Review for Renewable Energy System Technologies and Applications Author(s): Ahmed Samawi Alkhafaji; Ali Abedaljabar Al-Samawi and Hafedh Trabelsi (Iraq–Tunisia)

62 Abstract – To illustrate the importance of renewable energy generation around the world. Renewable technology contributes to a remarkable amount of electricity to the grid. Renewable energy sources are the prime-movers of the microgrid. A microgrid is a small, parallel network of distributed generation (DG) power systems. In this paper, the hybrid energy sources resulting from nature and how to obtain the electrical energy from them, directly or indirectly, will be described, and the challenges facing hybrid power systems, in addition, the most important of which are to build appropriate control systems for each application. Fast response and support it by two or more sustainable energy sources increase the reliability of power production combined with (HRES). This study comprehensively reviews ESS technologies types, ESS structures, classiﬁcations, and ESS merits and demerits in MG applications.

Paper Reference: (PSE-6-5) 1570700125 Title: Space-based Solar Power Applications: A Desert Irrigation Case Author(s): Sung Wook Paek; Jean-Paul Kneib and Olivier de Weck (Switzerland–USA) Abstract – With the development of greenhouse technologies using saltwater for evaporation and cooling, irrigation of arid regions may be possible with proper power sources. We present here space-based solar power (SBSP) as a way of expanding the irrigation network and demonstrating the relevant technologies. Once implemented, the SBSP could be used for other terrestrial applications as well as space missions on the Moon or Mars.

Paper Reference: (PSE-6-6) 1570700155 Title: Comparative evaluation of the performance of a capacitive and a non-capacitive microbial fuel cell Author(s): Imologie Meshack Simeon; Ruth Freitag and Agbotiname Lucky Imoize (Germany–Nigeria) Abstract – Electrode materials play a critical role in the performance of microbial fuel cells. This study investigates the contribution of capacitive bio-electrodes to sustainable power production in a single-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The capacitive electrodes consisted of a stainless-steel wire mesh with an activated carbon layer, while the non-capacitive control electrodes were made of graphite felt with a wound current collector. The MFCs were constructed using a glass vessel with the anode completely buried in biologically active soil and the cathode placed above the soil to form a single chamber configuration. The performance of the MFCs was investigated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that the performance of the capacitive MFC was three times better than that of the non-capacitive MFC. While there was no significant difference in the Ohmic resistances of the MFCs, there was a significant difference in charge transfer resistance and capacitance of the MFCs. The capacitive MFC had a double layer capacitance of 8.282 µF in addition to the diffuse layer capacitance at the layer/metal interface of 2.012 F, while the non-capacitive MFC had a double layer capacitance of 5.034 µF with no diffuse layer capacitance. The results show that the capacitive characteristics of both cathode and anode improve the performance of a single-chamber MFC.

Paper Reference: (PSE-7-1) 1570691559 Title: Robustness of Smart Transformer Based-on Sliding Mode Controller under Grid Perturbations Author(s): Hiba Helali and Adel Khedher (Tunisia) Abstract – Smart Transformer (ST) is a distribution transformer based on power electronic converters with advanced control and communication functionalities. As the improvement of ST’s dynamic performance is, increasingly, required, this paper presents the design of Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for the purpose. To study the performance of the proposed controller, a set of numerical simulations was carried out under diﬀerent grid perturbations, such as, harmonics distortion, overvoltage, and voltage drop. The obtained results prove the enhanced performance and the robustness of the SMC against theses perturbations.

Paper Reference: (PSE-7-2) 1570695850 Title: Mesh Network-Based Device-to-Device Negotiation System for Energy Management Author(s): Ahmed Mannan; Mohammed Bader; Ula Hijawi; Adel Gastli and Ridha Hamila (Qatar) Abstract – Electric utilities encounter high-load demand during peak times leading to high losses in the power system. Recent research has targeted the improvement of eﬃcient energy consumption at the demanding areas. Therefore, to facilitate building energy management systems, this article proposes a design of a Device- to-Device (D-D) negotiation mechanism enabling eﬃcient demand response at the consuming locations. The proposed approach creates a local communication network and negotiation algorithm amongst the connected smart Internet of Things (IoT) devices that communicate with the main smart meter in the building. Moreover,

63 the mesh networking topology is adopted to ensure a flexible and cooperative communication network amongst the IoT devices. Therefore, the employed communication network ensures the high reliability of the proposed energy D-D negotiation algorithm. Each IoT device receives information from the smart meter about the required amount of power consumption reduction and sends back information about its readiness to fulfill the requested power reduction. The D-D negotiation and decision-making algorithm of the IoT devices depends on the device’s operation priority, power demand, and availability. Therefore, the proposed D-D negotiation algorithm ensures an educated decision-making process and reliable data communication to facilitate efficient energy management.

Paper Reference: (PSE-7-3) 1570695939 Title: Effect of Optimal Energy Management Strategy on Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performances Author(s): Marwa Ben Ali and Ghada Boukettaya (Tunisia) Abstract – Currently, electric vehicles (EV) has become an adequate alternative to the conventional vehicle (CV) for many consumers in the world. However, in Tunisia, it is not yet time for plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) depending on the lack of charge station parks and intelligent infrastructure. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are an adequate answer for this situation. HEV is not pure clean vehicles, and various efforts are taken to develop optimal energy management of electric and thermal torques for a parallel HEV. Therefore, this paper presents a comparison study between HEV, EV, and CV performances, their limited and perspective propagation generally in the world and mainly in Tunisia. As an application of an optimal energy management study, we opt for the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm to investigate the maximum fuel consumption economy and lower CO2 emission for a known drive cycle. Here, the presented algorithms were used to find out the optimum energy flow between two power sources. Thus, a detailed economic analysis that involves components of electric charge and fuel consumption costs were also presented. The economic formulation problem will be, then, implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and the simulation results were discussed.

Paper Reference: (PSE-7-4) 1570696029 Title: Urban district modelling simulation-based analysis: under which scenarios can we achieve a PED? Author(s): Tony Castillo Calzadilla; Simon Fessler; Cruz E. Borges and Cristina Martin Andonegui (Spain) Abstract – In this paper a throughout technical feasibility assessment has been conducted so as to determine which are the conditions that would prompt the deployment of photovoltaic generation supported by energy storage system on site. After carrying out the scenarios drawn, 8 in total, it is clearly noticeable that only 3 out of 8 meet with PED features which means has a positive balance at the end of the day. Therefore, the sum of all the electricity demanded and produced must be positive. Yet, in three cases this positive balance is achieved, it is strikingly bounded to commit some key modiﬁcations, f.i. replacement lighting infrastructures for LED, and rise in the energy label of the building which in most cases are low (C, D, E, F), on-roof photovoltaic systems, implement a storing system, etc. The positivity is reached in scenario ﬁve because of the surpluses which were 45.98 kWh, scenario 7 with surpluses of 147.88 kWh, and last but not least scenario eight with 95.67 kWh. Although the last two scenarios 7 and 8 require to produce more surpluses they require a larger investment

Paper Reference: (PSE-7-5) 1570700042 Title: Design of an IoT-Enabled Microgrid Architecture for a Partial Grid-Connected Mode Author(s): Mahmoud Shaban and Imed Saad Ben Dhaou (Saudi Arabia–Tunisia) Abstract – This paper proposes an architecture for the control of the microgrid using IoT connectivity. The control aims at connecting or disconnecting the residential houses to the maingrid based on the power generated by the distributed energy resources. The architecture has been veriﬁed using Proteus software, modeled, and simulated using Matlab/Simulink package. The results show that the control algorithm connects the highest load to the grid in a switching time of less than one second.

Paper Reference: (PSE-7-6) 1570700616 Title: Review on Solid State Transformer Based on Microgrids Architectures Author(s): Marwa Fathi Chalbi and Ghada Boukettaya (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper is devoted to present a review of various microgrids architectures, taking into consideration their partition, advantages and disadvantages. Then the concept of solid-state transformers and their possible used categories in microgrid system (SST) are introduced. Finally, we put the light on the several

64 power electronics interfaces suitable for each diﬀerent stages of SST noted: AC/DC stage, DC/DC stage and DC/AC stage.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-1) 1570695973 Title: MPPT techniques of the solar PV under partial shading Author(s): Amira Lakhdara; Tahar Bahi and Abdelkarim Moussaoui (Algeria) Abstract – During the last decade, photovoltaic energy has become a reliable source of energy with a production rate and a constantly decreasing maintenance cost thanks to the progress of technology and the evolution of the photovoltaic market. Literature oﬀers many MPPT algorithms that can go near the maximum power point. The characteristics of the photovoltaic panel under partial shade include several local MPPs and one global. Classical maximum power point tracking algorithms cannot achieve overall MPP. So, this work aims to study the behavioral performances of two (02) optimization techniques. They were developed to extract the overall MPP from the partially shaded PV. Maximum power point tracking performances based on PSO and P&O are evaluated for diﬀerent partial shading models based on Matlab / Simulink.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-2) 1570700038 Title: Comparison of MPPT methods FLC & PSO for PV system under variable irradiance and temperature Author(s): Wafa Hayder; Aicha Abid; Mouna Ben Hamed; Emanuele Ogliari and Lassaad Sbita (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper deals with the integration and analysis of two diﬀerent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods, which are tested under temperature and irradiance variation. These MPPT methods, designed by fuzzy logic control (FLC) and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO), have been created for photovoltaic systems (PV) and simulated to obtain the various system responses such as: duty cycle, voltage and power. A comparison between the performances of the FLC and PSO algorithms have been completed to conﬁrm the best characteristics of FLC method in terms of rapidity, precision and simplicity.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-3) 1570700121 Title: Functioning of the Half-Cells Photovoltaic Module in Hybrid EV Under Partial Shading Author(s): Oussama Attia; Haifa Souissi; Khalil Makram and Chokri Ben salah (Tunisia) Abstract – Photovoltaic (PV) is a clean energy source that is capable of powering a vehicle’s electrical energy requirement whilst providing zero operating emissions. This paper focuses on the effect of partial shading in solar roof of hybrid electric vehicle in changing output power with different scenario of shading. A simulation model has been developed in Matlab / Simulink to investigate the performance of the solar panels under shading conditions. An analyse study based on I(V) and PV measurements values has been done to deduce the advantage of the half-cell solar panel compared to full cell under partial shading. It has been demonstrated that half-cell solar panel can reduce the power losses more than a full cell solar panel. Our study suggests that half cell module design could minimise the shading effect for hybrid electric vehicle.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-4) 1570700131 Title: Energy management system for a Stand-alone Wind/ Diesel/ BESS/ Fuel-cell Using Dynamic Program- ming Author(s): Mohamed-Hamza Laraki; Brahim Brahmi; Claude Ziad El-Bayeh and Mohammad habibur Rah- man (Canada) Abstract – This paper deals with the optimal energy management system (EMS) in wind-based stand-alone microgrid. A new day-ahead integrated control based on dynamic programming (DP) is proposed to optimize the power flow and enhance the battery’s lifetime. Defined constraints help to set system limits for safe operation. Finally, the economic model allow us to define the parameters of the system to be optimized. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show the effectiveness of the proposed EMS.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-5) 1570700459 Title: Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Pumping Photovoltaic System Based on Induction Motor Author(s): Abderrazek Saoudi; Saber Krim and Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni (Tunisia–Qatar–Algeria) Abstract – In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system (PWPS) based on three phase induction motor (IM) is proposed. A proposed algorithm based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) is introduced to improve the conventional fixed step size perturb and observe (P&O). This algorithm is used to extract the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) from the panel. To control the IM, coupled with a centrifugal pump, conventional direct torque control (DTC) is introduced. The main objective of this work is to propose a low-cost (PWPS) without 65 the use of chemical energy storage. A complete simulation model is developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results of the MPPT based on FLC are compared with those of P&O. The comparison results show the excellent performance of the proposed control scheme in terms of stator current harmonics, reducing the flux ripple and increasing the water flow.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-6) 1570700898 Title: Improved Incremental Conductance Algorithm for MPPT in Photovoltaic System Author(s): Mohamed Hebchi; Abdellah Kouzou and Abdelghani Choucha (Algeria) Abstract – This paper proposes a new approach to improve an incremental conductance maximum power point (MPPT) tracking algorithm with variable step size to achieve the maximum power point quickly in photovoltaic systems. Among the most used MPPT methods in photovoltaic systems, the INC algorithm is the most cited one. The MPP changes with multiple environmental factors, mainly temperature and irradiance. Conventional algorithms such as fixed step INC suffer from a trade-off between convergence speed and accuracy. To get around this problem, several variable step techniques are proposed. This algorithm is modified to quickly find the maximum power when there is a sudden change in solar irradiation. The proposed modification allows to vary the initial step gradually to approach the maximum power point quickly, once completed the step is fractionated after each ”slope” performed. This technique reduces the oscillations and determines the PPM to the desired accuracy. A series of simulations involving variations in irradiance were performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the speed of convergence and accuracy were compared with the traditional INC technique. Simulation results proved the effectiveness of the proposed modification technique to quickly reach the PPM with less oscillation in the case of a large and rapid change.

Paper Reference: (PSE-8-7) 1570700966 Title: Modelling and Simulation of PV Pump Using MPPT Controller Author(s): Marwah Al-Obaidi; Nabil Derbel; Karim M. Aljebory and Wasan Hashim (Jordan–Tunisia–Iraq) Abstract – The use of renewable energy in many applications has become an important necessity due to the high price of fuel on the one hand and the great shortage of the national grid in Iraq during the past two decades. The solar powered water pump system consists of solar PV modules, submersible pump, and its control unit. Solar cells have non-linear I-V characteristics and the energy generated depends on the nature of the solar panels and the ambient temperature, and the mismatch of the source and the load leads to a decrease in the eﬃciency of the system. So it uses MPPT to extract maximum power from the PV panel. Matlab Simulink model was used to design and analyze the PV system as well as the solar powered pump. The results indicate the ability of the MPPT to extract the energy required to operate the pump.

Paper Reference: (PSE-9-1) 1570681361 Title: Hysteresis Current Control & MPPT approach Applied to a Grid - Connected Solar PV System Author(s): Faouzi Tlili and Faouzi Bacha (Tunisia) Abstract – This paper discusses two control strategies applied to a grid-connected solar PV system. Taking into account that the proposed conversion chain consists of a photovoltaic generator, an adaptation stage composed of a boost dc/dc converter associated in series with a three phase dc/ac converter and the grid. In particular, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach based on P&O is devoted to the boost converter. However, the hysteresis current control is dedicated to the three phase dc/ac converter. Consequently, so as to achieve a feasibility of these two techniques, the author resorted to the Matlab/Simulink environment to carried out the necessary simulations. In other hand, the experimental results have been carried out with help a Dspace card accompanied with the conversion chain, PV module and the grid.

Paper Reference: (PSE-9-2) 1570695808 Title: Model Predictive Control of grid-connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Author(s): Hemza Bouaouaou, Djaafer Lalili and Mohamed Kouissa (Algeria) Abstract – This paper presents the control of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system, composed of two renewable energy subsystems, namely a wind turbine subsystem and a photovoltaic subsystem. These two subsystems are connected to a common dc bus, either directly in the case of photovoltaic array, or throw ac dc converter in the case of wind turbine. A three-level dc ac inverter connects the common dc bus to electrical grid. Each subsystem is controlled in order to the maximum available power. The sum of produced electrical power is injected to electrical grid, through an inverter. Active and reactive power of the grid, as well as the dc bus voltage are controlled using model predictive control technics. In the applied predictive control method, we

66 calculate predictions of active and reactive power of the grid for each state of the inverter. These predictions are used to calculate a cost function, as function of errors between reference powers and predicted powers. At each sampling time, we apply on the inverter the state that minimizes this cost function. Simulation results prove the eﬃciency and the robustness of this control method.

Paper Reference: (PSE-9-3) 1570695960 Title: Modeling of a wind farm associated with back-to-back two-level converters Author(s): Abdelkader Achar; Abderrahim Bentaallah and Youcef Djeriri (Algeria) Abstract – This work presents the Modeling of a wind farm based on the double-fed Induction generator (DFIG) are uncertain systems that undergo variations in the internal parameters of the generator and the characteristics of the electrical grid at the point of interconnection, using a two-level converter to control the powers generated by the stator of the DFIGs by the pulse width modulation (PWM) control, in addition to using a two-level rectiﬁer controlled by the direct power control (dpc) strategy to control continuous bus. The objective of the model is to analyze, study and manage the power of a wind farm connected to the grid. DPC and PWM controls chosen to test only the model of a wind farm and not for the study. Simulation results on a 1.5MW DFIG system are provided to demonstrate eﬃciency during wind variations and active and reactive power, using MATLAB / SIMULINK software.

Paper Reference: (PSE-9-4) 1570699883 Title: DC-DC Buck Converter Control improvement Author(s): Dhaouadi Guiza; Djamel Ounnas; Youcef Souﬁ and Abdelmalek Bouden (Algeria) Abstract – This paper presents a digital PID controller for DC-DC buck converter. The proposed controller is implemented using an Arduino board to regulate the output voltage of the considered converter and to improve its performance under load or input voltage variations. Based on the small-signal method, the transfer function of the buck converter is extracted ﬁrstly and then the Matlab PIDTOOl is used to calculate PID gains. Simulation and experimental tests are provided and investigated in Matlab/Simulink to show the good performance of the controller in terms of reliability and accuracy in tracking the desired output voltage.

Paper Reference: (PSE-9-5) 1570700041 Title: Integration Impact of DRE on the Voltage Stability of Power Network Author(s): Rajaa Hoteit; Nivine Abou Daher and Hadi Y. Kanaan (Lebanon–Canada) Abstract – The integration of distributed renewable energy (DRE) into grid is experiencing significant growth. Due to its intermittent characteristics, DRE have several impacts on system operation. This integration does not only influence the distribution network, but also it affects the transmission network. This paper analyzes the impact of increased penetration of distributed renewable energy specifically the PV generation on static voltage stability of transmission network and helps to find the maximum allowable capacity of DRE penetration. DRE integration with different weather conditions is studied in this paper. Voltage Collapse Proximity Index (VCPI) is used to evaluate the voltage stability of the system. Simulations are carried out on IEEE-39 bus test system using Power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). It can be concluded that the integration of high level of DRE into the grid affects the voltage stability, and it may lead to voltage collapse. The analysis results can be used to provide guidance for the allowable percentage of DRE integration.

Paper Reference: (PSE-9-6) 1570700259 Title: Faults Classification in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Author(s): Khadija Attouri; Mansour Hajji; Majdi Mansouri; Hazem N Nounou; Abdelmalek Kouadri and Kais Bouzrara (Tunisia–Qatar–Algeria) Abstract – Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) for Grid Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) systems have been received an important measure for improving the operation of these systems. Therefore, in this paper, an enhanced FDD approach, so-called principal component analysis (PCA) -based on a Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD), aims to provide the reliability and safety of the overall GCPV system is proposed. The developed approach merges the benefits of PCA model and KLD metric. Firstly, the GCPV features are extracted using PCA model. Secondly, the extracted features are fed to KLD metric for classification purposes. The obtained results confirm the high accuracy of the developed technique. The proposed approach showed superior effectiveness and robustness in process fault diagnosis.

67 Author Index Aloui, N...... 51 Alsabah , M. K. J...... 44 Alshammari, A...... 47 Alshaya, S...... 47 A Amairi, M...... 14 Aabloo, A...... 31 Amaral, A...... 27 Abassi, R...... 38 Ameur, S...... 60 Abdallah, Ch...... 9 Ammar, A...... 49 Abdelawwad, M...... 25, 26, 28 Ammari, A. C...... 48, 36 Abdelkrim, M. N...... 10 Andonegui, C. M...... 64 Abdelmalek, R...... 48 Arifaoui, N...... 18 Abdullah, M...... 41, 42 Asmar, E...... 48 Abdullah, H. N...... 41, 46 Atheer, M...... 41, 46 Abed-Meraim, K...... 44 Atri, M...... 40, 43, 51 Abed, A...... 54 Attia, O...... 65 Abid, A...... 54, 65 Attouri, Kh...... 67 Abou Daher, N...... 67 Aversano , G...... 40 Abu-Rub, H...... 1, 15, 55 Awad, A...... 37 Abu-Rub, W...... 15 Ayachi, R...... 11, 51 AbuShawish, I. Y. I...... 23 Ayachi, S...... 33 Achar, A...... 67 Ayadi, A...... 40 Adamu, A...... 41, 42 Ayari, H...... 34 Adawi, A...... 21, 30 Adda, A.-B...... 38 Added, E...... 7, 8 B Adnane, A...... 38 Babaei, E...... 4 Afif, M...... 11, 51 Babakmehr, M...... 51 Ahmad, L...... 45 Baccouch, C...... 39 Aillane, A...... 55 Baccouche, G...... 59 Aissaou, H...... 15 Bacha, B...... 54 Ajjel, R...... 32, 60 Bacha, F...... 66 Al-Akaidi, M...... 43 Bader, M...... 63 Al-Aubidy, K. M...... 37 Bader, O...... 28 Al-Gailani, M. F...... 41, 46 Bader, S...... 5 Al-Hammouri, S...... 47 Baglieri, A...... 32 Al-Hamry, A...... 23, 33 Bahadur , I...... 51 Al-Hussein, A...... 8 Bahhar, C...... 39 Al-kashashneh, H...... 37 Bahi, T...... 65 Al-Mousa, A...... 45 Bahri, M...... 22 Al-Mutairi, A. W...... 37 Bait-Suwailam, M...... 51 Al-Obaidi, M...... 66 Barioul, R...... 47 Al-Omari, O...... 37 Baroudi, U...... 13 Al-Omary, M...... 62 Baspinar, C...... 9 Al-Samawi, A. A...... 62 Bassi, H...... 55 Al-Shuwaili, A. A...... 42 Bautista-Quijano, J. R...... 34 Al-Tam, F...... 29 Behih, Kh...... 17 Al Hasan Joy, J...... 55 Beladjine, D. E...... 16 Al Hindawi, N. A...... 47 Belghith, S...... 7, 8 Albasheri, M. A...... 57 Belhadj Ahmed, C...... 3 Albatayneh, A...... 62 Belhaj, I...... 18 Aldhaifallah, M...... 8, 13 Belkhiria, M...... 60, 61 Ali, M...... 50 Bellarbi, L...... 32 Aljarrah, R...... 62 Bembli, S...... 7 Aljebory, K. M...... 66 Ben-Ashour, A...... 58 Alkayyali, M...... 14 Ben Abdelali, A...... 11 Alkhafaji, A. S...... 62 Ben Abdennour, R...... 17 Allagui, A...... 18 Ben Abid, F...... 53 Alomari, T...... 35 Ben Ali, M...... 31, 33, 64 Aloui, Kh...... 18 Ben Ammar, M...... 21, 62 Aloui, M...... 9 68 Ben Ammar, R...... 62 Boudraa, S...... 59 Ben Amor, F...... 32 Boudriga, N...... 49 Ben Amor, H...... 39 Boufares, O...... 51 Ben Atitallah, B...... 28, 34 Bouguezzi, S...... 35, 49 Ben Ayed, A...... 61 Bouhamed, A...... 21, 33, 34, 61 Ben Ayed, M...... 47 Boukettaya, G...... 64 Ben Azza, H...... 58 Boumehraz, M...... 53 Ben Dhaou, I. S...... 26, 52, 64 Bounekhla, M...... 9, 56 Ben Fadhel, Y...... 30 Bourouis, B...... 56 Ben Fredj, H...... 49 Boussif, M...... 51 Ben Hadj Slama, J...... 54 Boutros, E...... 24 Ben Hamed, M...... 54 Boutteau, R...... 35 Ben Hamed, M...... 65 Bouzaouache, H...... 9 Ben Hassana, M. A...... 20 Bouzidi, D...... 50 Ben Jmaa Derbel, H...... 49 Bouzrara, K...... 10, 11, 53, 67 Ben Mohamed Hamdaoui, N...... 32 Bradai, A...... 43 Ben Moussa, N...... 14 Braham, A...... 33, 53 Ben Naceur, F...... 36 Brahmi, B...... 2, 12, 16, 65 Ben Nasr, F...... 39 Brahmi, R...... 18 Ben Nasr, S...... 39 Burman, K. S...... 29 Ben Othman , S...... 39 Ben Rhouma, A...... 54, 57 Ben Salah, Ch...... 59, 65 C Ben Salah, T...... 28 Canale, L...... 55 Ben Salem, F...... 25 Cardoso, A. J. M...... 27 Ben Slama, A...... 46 Castillo-Toledo, B...... 1 Ben Yazid, Y...... 15 Castillo Calzadilla, T...... 64 Ben Youssef , M...... 25 Ceresnak, R...... 51 Benabed, F...... 59 Chérif, A...... 17 Benalla, H...... 56 Chaabane, M...... 17 Benelghali, S...... 10 Chahira, M...... 41 Benhadj Bra¨ıek, N...... 13, 17 Chaib, N...... 38 Benjelloun, Kh...... 13, 15 Chaibi, S...... 41 Benmahammed, M...... 17 Chammam, A...... 55 Benothman, K...... 16 Chemori, A...... 2 Bensalem, Y...... 10 Cherif, F. E...... 60 Bentaallah, A...... 67 Cherrid, N...... 42 Bentahar, T...... 42 Chetouia, M...... 14 Benzarti, F...... 48 Choley, J. Y...... 18, 19 Bettayeb, M...... 16 Choucha, A...... 66 Bey, W...... 13 Chouchaine, A...... 9 Bin Muhaya, T...... 8 Chouder, A...... 55 Blaabjerg, F...... 2 Cicuttin, A...... 31 Blackful, J...... 51 Correia, N...... 29 Bnouni, N...... 39 Crespo, M. L...... 31 Boercsoek, J...... 24, 25, 26, 28 Borges, C. E...... 64 Bouaafia, S...... 36, 41, 48 D Bouani, F...... 7 Daghan, I. H...... 59 Bouaouaou, H...... 66 Dahech, K...... 55 Bouattour, G...... 21, 30 Damak, T...... 55 Bouaziz, S...... 27 Damati, A...... 43 Bouazza, F...... 62 Daou, R. A. Z...... 24 Boubaker, O...... 8 Daoud, O. R...... 43 Bouchaala, D...... 24, 30, 33, 34 Dawaliby, S...... 43 Boudana, D...... 16, 58 De Caro, J. D. S...... 12, 16 Bouden, A...... 67 de Weck , O...... 63 Bouden, S...... 12 Dehghan, A...... 44 Boudissa, G...... 9, 56 Dehina, W...... 53 69 Derbel, F...... 21, 54, 59 Folla kamdem, J...... 31 Derbel, N...... 14, 17, 30, 30, 33, 34, 66 Fora, M...... 28 Deriche, M...... 38, 50 Fröhlich, T...... 5 Dhaouadi, G...... 67 Fraga, F. J...... 46 Dhibi, Kh...... 53 Freitag, R...... 63 Dhifallah, C...... 60 Fresse, V...... 27 Di Pasquale, G...... 31 Dinay, M...... 15 Djebbi, K...... 22 G Djeghali, N...... 16 Gabour, N...... 9, 56 Djeghloud, H...... 56 Gaddour, A...... 31 Djemal, A...... 24 Gammoudi, I...... 45 Djeriri, Y...... 67 Garai, Dh...... 54 Dom´ınguez, J. M. L...... 29 Gassara, H...... 17 Douik, A...... 36 Gassoumi, I...... 31, 49 Drabesch, M...... 28 Gastli, A...... 3, 63 Drissi, C...... 46 Gedicke, S...... 59 Duarte, L. T...... 36 Gencoglu, M...... 59 Dudas, A...... 51 Ghaeb, J...... 14 Ghariani, H...... 23 Ghommam, J...... 8 E Ghorbel, C...... 17 Echouchene, F...... 60, 61 Ghozi, R...... 45 El-Bannany, M...... 44 Ghozzi, F...... 50 El-Bayeh, C. Z...... 15, 65 Glass, M...... 54 El-Henqari, K...... 9 Graziani, G...... 31 El Bojairami, I...... 12, 16 Gritli, H...... 7, 8 El Guerjouma, R...... 27 Gueli, A. M...... 32 El Haj Hamida, A...... 59 Guemara, S...... 38 El Hajjaji, A...... 17 Guizani, A...... 18 El Harabi, R...... 54 El Houssaini, D...... 22, 29 Elfandi, M...... 9 H Elferik, S...... 18 Habbi, F...... 9, 56 Elhamzi, W...... 40 Habibur Rahman, M...... 2 Elloumi Oueslati, A...... 39 Haddad, D...... 28 Elloumi, A...... 50 Haddar, M...... 18, 27 ElMehdi, A...... 58 Hadj-Said, N...... 38 Elshafei, M...... 4 Hadj Abdallah, S...... 14 Elzein, M. I...... 48 Hadj Salem, M...... 10 Ennajar, A...... 35 Hafiz, M. I...... 26, 28 Errachid, A...... 32 Hafsa, A...... 50 Essimbi zobo, B...... 31 Hafsa, M...... 28 Essoukri Ben Amara, N...... 28, 39, 40, 45 Hafsi, S...... 7 Hahn, E...... 25, 26 Haj Hamad, I...... 9 F Hajji, M...... 67 Fadhel, H...... 37 Hajji, O...... 54 Faiedh, H...... 35, 49 Hallouz, M...... 16 Fakhfakh, A...... 21, 24, 47, 50 Hamamed, N...... 27 Fareh, R...... 8 Hamdaoui, N...... 32, 60 Fathallah, H...... 43 Hamdi, B...... 31 Fathi Chalbi, M...... 64 Hamdi, W...... 13 Fatnassi, S...... 42 Hamidi, F...... 9 Ferahtia, S...... 55 Hamila, R...... 63 Ferguene, F...... 12 Hammadi, M...... 18 Fessler, S...... 64 Hamouda, M...... 54 Fezai, R...... 11, 53 Hamoudi, A...... 16 Fofana, I...... 59 Hamrouni, I...... 10 70 Hariri, W...... 49 Karfoul, A...... 41 Hasan, N...... 55 Kerkacha, N...... 38 Hashim, W...... 66 Ketata, I...... 21 Hawash, A. W...... 48 Khadar, S...... 15 Hayajneh, M...... 9 Khalid, H. M...... 8 Hayder, W...... 65 Khammash, M...... 37 Hayek, A...... 24 Khedher, A...... 53, 16, 57, 58, 63 Hebchi, A...... 66 Khedr, A...... 44, 46 Helali, H...... 58, 63 Khedri, M. H...... 61 Hellara, H...... 47 Khemakhem, H...... 34, 61 Hentati, H...... 27 Khemiri, R...... 41 Hermassi, H...... 45 Khesbak, M. S...... 25 Hezzi, A...... 10 Khouja, N...... 35 Hijawi, U...... 63 Khraief Haddad, N...... 7 Hlali, A...... 23 Khriji, L...... 36 Hmida, H...... 7 Khriji, L. C...... 48 Hmida, M...... 53 Kneib, J. P...... 63 Hmidi, A...... 35, 40 Kong, X...... 22 Hofbauer, J...... 59 Kota, S. V...... 20 Hoteit, R...... 67 Kouadri, A...... 67 Kouissa, M...... 66 Kouzou, A...... 15, 55, 62, 66 I Kozaki, M...... 33 Ibbini, M...... 23, 30, 35, 47 Kraiem, T...... 46 Iben Ammar, I...... 17 Kratz, F...... 53 Ibnkahla, M...... 4 Krikid, F...... 41 Imoize, A. L...... 63 Krim, S...... 61, 65 Iqbal, N...... 44 Kurdi, M...... 48 Islam, M. R...... 12, 55 Kurukunda, S...... 31 Ismail, A...... 45

L J La Rosa, R...... 20 Jaba, N...... 60 Lachiri, Z...... 39, 50 Jallouli-Khlif, R...... 14 Lahdhiri, H...... 10 Jamel, T...... 42 Lahouli, I...... 40 Jamont, J.P...... 27 Lakhdara, A...... 65 Jaradat, H...... 23 Lalili, D...... 66 Jaradat, M...... 62 Laraki, M...... 65 Jarraya,M...... 40 Lawal, A...... 44 Javed, F...... 51 Le Bouquin Jeannès, R...... 41 Jbari, A...... 32 Letaief, F...... 54 Jeder, K...... 34 Lweesy, K...... 28, 47 Jelassi, K...... 24 Jemli, M...... 53, 58 Jerbi, H...... 9 M Jerbi, W...... 44 Maalej, A...... 29 Maalej, B...... 14 Maaref, H...... 36 K Maaruf, M...... 18 Kaabeche, H...... 62 Machhout, M...... 36, 43, 48, 50 Kachouri, A...... 41 Maghrebi, R...... 27 Kalamdani, R...... 51 Mahjoub, M. A...... 36, 45 Kali, Y...... 13, 15 Mahmoud, I...... 57 Kallel, A. Y...... 28, 34 Mahmoud, S...... 23 Kanaan, H. Y...... 67 Majeed, O...... 8 Kanoun, O. . 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 38, Makhloufi, S...... 59 47, 61 Makram, Kh...... 65 Malek, J...... 27, 35, 40, 50 71 Mannan, A...... 63 Odeh, H...... 35 Mansouri, A...... 60 Osman, N...... 8 Mansouri, M...... 11, 53 Ouakad, H. M...... 20 Maraoui, A...... 36, 48 Oualha, A...... 62 Martinez, D. S...... 12 ouchhida, O...... 57 Marwani, M...... 40 Ouerghemmi, S...... 21 Masri, A...... 37 Oueslati, A...... 23 Matiasko, K...... 51 Oulhiq, R...... 13 Mayache, H...... 42 Ounnas, Dj...... 67 Mayyala, Q...... 44 Ozdemir, M. T...... 59 Medhaffar, H...... 14 Mehedi, I. M...... 55 Mehri, M...... 45 P Mekid, S...... 10 Pace, M...... 32 Mel, H...... 60 Pasquale, S...... 32 Messaoud, S...... 36, 43, 48 Pollicino, A...... 31 Messaoudi, I...... 39, 50 Postolache, O...... 6 Mezni, A...... 32 Põhako-Esko, K...... 31 Mhammedi, T...... 21 Pravija, R. P. V...... 46 Mhenni, F...... 19 Privitera, M...... 20 Mimouni, M. F...... 61, 65 Puglisi, I...... 32 Miri, Dh...... 16 Puig, V...... 11 Missaoui, S...... 61 Mnasri, Z...... 48 Mohamed, A...... 13 R Mokhnache, L...... 59 Raad, M...... 38 Montenegro, E. M...... 12 Rahman, H. M...... 12, 16, 65 Moualdia, A...... 16, 58 Ramalingame, R...... 20, 33 Moudoud, B...... 15 Ramirez, M. P...... 12 Mounaam, A...... 13 Rawa, M...... 55 Moussaoui, A...... 65 Rebai, C...... 29 Mrabet, B...... 55 Refaai, M. R. A...... 7 Mtibaa, A...... 31, 49 Rekik, I...... 39 Mueller, W...... 25, 26 Rezaoui, M. M...... 55 Mujammal, M...... 58 Rezk, H...... 13 Musaria, M...... 37 Rhili, F. E...... 17 Rhim, H...... 38 Rhim, M. S...... 39 N Richter, H...... 3 Naggara, C...... 33 Ritahani Ismail, A...... 41, 42 Najar, F...... 20, 30 Rjeb, A...... 43 Najjar, L...... 44 Rmili, L...... 46 Nasraoui, L...... 44 Rudolph, M...... 59 Nasri, O...... 54 Rulik, I...... 12 Navaei, J...... 51 Ndongo, M...... 54 Neili Boualia, S...... 40 S Ngoc-Son, D...... 37 Saad, M...... 13, 15 Nicola, C...... 56 Sahbani, A...... 45 Nicola, M...... 56 Sahnoun, S...... 21, 47 Niu, K...... 9 Said, Y...... 11, 51 Nounou, H...... 11, 53 67 Saidi, A...... 59 Nounou, M...... 11, 53 Saidi, R...... 42 Nouri, A. S...... 15 Saif, A. A...... 8, 13 Nouri, F...... 12 Sakli, H...... 39 Nouri, H...... 61 Salahat, S...... 48 Salberg, E. J...... 12 Salhi, A...... 25 O 72 Salouhi, M...... 13 Tobien, T...... 59 Samaali, H...... 20, 30 Touaiti, B...... 58 Sammouda, H...... 60 Touati, Z...... 57 San-Martin, R...... 46 Touil, L...... 31, 49 Sanguino, T. J. M...... 29 Toumi, R...... 12 Santos, E...... 46 Tounsi, S...... 14 Saoudi, A...... 65 Trabelsi, H...... 44, 54, 60, 62 Saoudi, H...... 23 Trabelsi, M...... 11 Sauveron , D...... 38 Trigona, C...... 20, 31, 32 Sayadi, F. E...... 41 Troudi, L...... 24 Sbita, L...... 54, 65 Schmidt, S...... 29 Schwarz, M. H...... 25, 28 U Seleem, H. E...... 43 Ulla Faiz, M. M...... 44 Sellami, A...... 44 Serrano, J...... 24 Shaban, M...... 64 V Shahin, I. M...... 47 Viehweger, C...... 22 Shallof, A...... 9 Vigneron, V...... 36 Shanshan, Q...... 51 Shi, B...... 22 Siddiqui, M...... 50 Sifi, N...... 27 W Simeon, I. M...... 63 Wang, D...... 22 Skhiri, R...... 27 Wang, I...... 2 Skhiri, S...... 40 Weber, M...... 21 Slimene, I...... 50 Welz, O...... 59 Sliti, M...... 49 Wembe tafo, E...... 31 Smai, Y...... 58 Whichi, A...... 21 Smaoui, N...... 49 Wiessner, F...... 59 Sofi, Y...... 57 Wira, P...... 16 Solaiman, S...... 39 Wook Paek, S...... 63 Soriano, Th...... 18 Souani, Ch...... 35, 49 Soufi, Y...... 67 Y Souissi, A...... 13 Yaakoubi, N...... 21, 27 Souissi, H...... 65 Yahia, M...... 42 Suffran, B...... 27 Youssef, T...... 24 Swapnil, A. A...... 16 Yu-Ning , L...... 51 Sweidan, T. O...... 8

Z T Zaabi, M...... 49 Tahir, F...... 8 Zaidi, H...... 1 Takrouni, W...... 36 Zaidi, N...... 53 Taleb, Ch...... 54 Zaier, R...... 33 Tamine, K...... 38 Zairi, H...... 23 Tammam, R...... 37 Zaway, I...... 14 Tanvir, A...... 2, 16 Zehar, Dj...... 17 Taouali, O...... 10 Zeraii, A...... 46 Tarig, A...... 42 Zerguine, A...... 4, 44, 44 Tarish Ziboon, H...... 41, 46 Zhou, D...... 22 Tarokh, M. H...... 22 Zissis, G...... 55 Telmoudi, A. J...... 36 Znegui, W...... 7 Teta, A...... 55 Zou, M...... 9 Thai-Mai, D...... 37 Zubdeh, F...... 48 Thum, R...... 26 Tlili, C...... 22 Tlili, F...... 35, 66 73 74