Acers 2018 Annual Meeting, Awards, and Honors at MS&T18

AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY

bulletinemerging ceramics & glass technology SEPTEMBER 2018 ACerS 2018 Annual Meeting, awards, and honors at MS&T18

Columbus, Ohio, October 14–18

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Harrop Ad Sweat the Details Full Size final.indd 1 4/10/18 3:59 PM contents September • Vol. 97 No.7 feature articles departments Honoring the ACerS Awards Class of News & Trends ...... 3 17 2018 Spotlight ...... 9 The Society announces awards that will be presented Ceramics in Biomedicine ...... 13 at the Awards Banquet of the 120th Annual Meeting in October to recognize significant contributions to the Research Briefs ...... 14 engineered ceramic and glass field by members and corporations.

cover story columns Business and Market View . . . . 8 Keramos powers a bright future with its 26 deep history Deciphering the Discipline . . . .. 48 A revitalized Keramos introduces students at all levels to Electrical properties of biocomposites con- the ceramic and glass engineering profession. taining ferroelectric nanoparticles

by Kevin Fox by Nelson Sepulveda

meetings From powder to optical devices: MS&T18 and ACerS 120th Using CAPAD to create functional Annual Meeting...... 38 29 transparent ceramics 43rd International Conference Current-activated pressure-assisted sintering shows promise for densifying novel, transparent optical oxides. and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites ...... 40 by Y. Kodera, A. D. Dupuy, E. H. Penilla, and J. E. Garay Ceramic Business and Leadership Summit ...... 42

Sintering of nanopowders—The dream not 32 (or partially) coming true Surface reactivity of nanopowders complicates sintering to resources dense nanoscale grain structure. New Products ...... 43 Calendar...... 44 by Ricardo H. R. Castro Classified Advertising...... 45 Display Ad Index...... 47

Indentation fracture toughness: 34 A review and application Vickers indentation eliminates the need for standardized samples to determine fracture toughness of brittle materials. The key is to select the correct system of equations to calculate fracture toughness from crack morphology.

by Costandino Relias and Doug Ngai

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY bulletin online Editorial and Production www.ceramics.org Eileen De Guire, Editor ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815 [email protected] September 2018 • Vol. 97 No.7 Faye Oney, Assistant Editor Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer Editorial Advisory Board Fei Chen, Wuhan University of Technology, China Thomas Fischer, University of Cologne, Germany Kang Lee, NASA Glenn Research Center http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline Inc . Gurpreet Singh, Chair, Kansas State University Chunlei Wan, Tsinghua University, China Eileen De Guire, Staff Liaison, The American Ceramic Society As seen on Ceramic Tech Today... Customer Service/Circulation ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 This is why NASA’s Parker [email protected] Advertising Sales Solar Probe will stay intact National Sales when it reaches the sun Mona Thiel, National Sales Director [email protected] NASA Goddard launched its Parker Solar ph: 614-794-5834 fx: 614-794-5822 Probe on a seven-year mission to study the Europe sun’s atmosphere, solar wind, and other Richard Rozelaar important data. NASA scientists designed the [email protected] spacecraft to survive the sun’s intense heat, ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 including a heat shield made of carbon foam and carbon-carbon composite. Executive Staff Credit: NASA Goddard, YouTube Charles Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher [email protected] Eileen De Guire, Director of Communications & Marketing [email protected] Marcus Fish, Development Director read more at www.ceramics.org/NASASpaceProbe Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation [email protected] Michael Johnson, Director of Finance and Operations [email protected] Sue LaBute, Human Resources Manager & Exec . Assistant [email protected] Mark Mecklenborg, Director of Membership, Meetings & Technical Publications As seen in the August 2018 ACerS Bulletin... [email protected] Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership [email protected] To infinity and beyond: 3-D Officers printing for outer space Michael Alexander, President Sylvia Johnson, President-Elect Colonizing the moon or Mars will require William Lee, Past President small, functional ceramic components. Additive Daniel Lease, Treasurer manufacturing using “local” soils may be an Charles Spahr, Secretary efficient way to get them there. Board of Directors Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015–2018 Doreen Edwards, Director 2016–2019 Kevin Fox, Director 2017–2020 Dana Goski, Director 2016–2019 Martin Harmer, Director 2015–2018 Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016–2019 Sanjay Mathur, Director 2017–2020 Martha Mecartney, Director 2017–2020 Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015–2018 David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian read more at www.ceramics.org/outerspace

American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing . The American Ceramic Society is not responsible for the accuracy of information in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication . Readers should independently evaluate the accuracy of any statement in the editorial, articles, and advertising sections of this publication . American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No . 0002-7812) . ©2018 . Printed in the United States of America . ACerS Bulletin is published monthly, except for February, July, and November, as a “dual-media” magazine in print and electronic formats (www .ceramics .org) . Editorial and Subscription Offices: 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045 . Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership . Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150 .* Rates include shipping charges . International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Canada . *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, email delivery subscription for $100 . Single issues, January–October/November: member $6 per issue; nonmember $15 per issue . December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, nonmember $40 . Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item . POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 550 Polaris Parkway, Suite 510, Westerville, OH 43082-7045 . Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices . Allow six weeks for address changes . ACSBA7, Vol . 97, No . 7, pp 1– 48 . All feature articles are covered in Current Contents .

2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 news & trends

Corporate Partner news Kyocera TCL Solar completes Prefecture. 103,950 28MW solar power plant in Kyocera’s solar mod- Miyagi Prefecture, Japan ules will generate an estimated 33,000 Kyocera Corporation and Tokyo megawatt hours Century Corporation announced that (MWh) per year — Kyocera TCL Solar LLC has completed construction of a 28 megawatt (MW) enough electricity to utility-scale solar power plant in the power approximately town of Taiwa, Kurokawa District, 11,100 average house- Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The company holds and capable of providing power to has developed this 28MW solar power Credit: Kyocera plant in collaboration with Tokyo-based almost all local house- Kyocera’s 28MW solar power plant in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan Tsuboi Corporation and started opera- holds in the town of nity while coexisting with the region’s tions in late June 2018. Taiwa, which is adjacent to Sendai City, rich nature. This is the company’s first solar power the heart of the Tohoku region. The Kyocera TCL Solar has constructed plant in Miyagi Prefecture and its second company hopes its solar power plant will solar power plants in 67 sites across Japan, largest solar power plant following the be a local symbol of supporting people’s including this 28MW plant, with approxi- 29.2MW solar power plant in Tottori lives and developing the local commu- mately 258.1 MW of total output since

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 3 news & trends the company was established in August Indian refractory industry,” Almatis CEO The new facility is the second phase 2012. Kyocera TCL Solar, Kyocera and Emre Timurkan says in a news release. of the NETL-funded project to develop Tokyo Century remain committed to Operating since 1995, Almatis’ India a process to separate REEs from coal promoting renewable energy as well as business is based in Falta with a process- mining by-products. “Acid mine drain- contributing to environmental protection ing plant that has been growing steadily. age from abandoned mines is the and the creation of a sustainable society Now with this forthcoming, world-class biggest industrial pollution source in through their solar energy business. facility, Almatis will expand with an inte- Appalachian streams, and it turns out grated manufacturing line in India with that these huge volumes of waste are Almatis constructing new Tabular tabular alumina converters installed. essentially pre-processed and serve as Alumina plant in Falta, West Bengal This investment will enable shorter lead good rare earth feedstock,” director to fuel Asia growth strategy times and a further improvement of flex- of the West Virginia Water Research ibility from a plant in the proximity of Institute Paul Ziemkiewicz says in a its Indian and Asian customers. General WVU news release. “Coal contains all of manager Sarit Kundu, responsible the rare earth elements, but it has a sub- for execution of the project, affirmed stantial amount of the heavy rare earths Almatis’ commitment. “This upcoming that are particularly valuable.” Falta India Tabular Alumina production The extraction method involves acid facility would meet the needs of our val- leaching and solvent extraction, which ued Indian customers and provide sup- involves dissolving drainage sludge in ply security for this growing market.” n acid and then emulsifying it to pull rare earths from the water. Then the Rare Earth Extraction Facility emulsion goes through a mixing process that “strips the rare earths out as a con-

Credit: Almatis could lessen US dependence Almatis will produce its tabular alumina on imports, pump up West centrated solution and precipitates the Balls at the new Falta plant. rare earths as a solid,” that can be fur- Virginia economy ther refined to usable rare earth metal, Almatis, a global producer and supplier Researchers at West Virginia according to the release. of premium alumina and alumina products University, with the help of a $3.38 mil- Anything left over that is unusable, is constructing a new tabular alumina plant lion two-phase project from the National which would be minimal, goes to the in Falta, West Bengal to fuel its growth Energy Technology Laboratory, have acid mine drainage treatment plant’s strategy in Asia. A positive outlook for opened the Rare Earth Extraction Facility disposal system. Indian-produced steel, leveraged by grow- to extract rare earth materials from acid Director of the WVU Energy Institute, ing GDP and per capita steel consumption mine drainage. Acid mine drainage is Brian Anderson, uses the example of requires premium alumina for longer the water pollution that results from coal scandium to illustrate the amount of rev- refractory life. “Almatis is committed mining activities. And it can be highly enue extracted rare earths could generate. to providing continuous support to the toxic to the environment. “…Scandium, one of these rare earths, is worth about $4,500 per kilogram as an Business news oxide, the form that it will leave this facil- BYD to quadruple battery production by photovoltaic glass (www.solarmagazine. ity,” he states. “After refining, it would be 2020 (www.roskill.com) …Orton Ceramic com) …Tethon 3D reveals new high worth $15,000 per kilogram.” Two years ago, West Virginia was the to offer seven short courses on refractories alumina tethonite ceramic powder for ink- largest coal producer east of the Mississippi and glass (www.ortonceramic.com) … jet 3-D printing (www.3dprintingindustry. River, according to the U.S. Energy Guardian Glass to launch jumbo coater in com) …Chinese refractories output rises Information Administration. But demand North America (www.glass-international. by 4% in first five months of 2018www. ( for coal has decreased, and coal produc- com) …US applies 10% tariff on Chinese roskill.com) …FuelCell Energy to create tion has declined considerably in the past rare earth compounds, metals, and alloys over 100 new highly skilled manufacturing decade. The Rare Earth Extraction Facility (www.roskill.com) …Schott to acquire jobs (www.globenewswire.com) …Press could boost the state’s economy, creating Finnish glass bonding group (www.glass- Glass to invest $43.55 million in its first jobs and generating revenue. international.com) …Pittsburgh Glass Virginia manufacturing operation (www. “Currently, acid-mine-drainage treat- Works plant ceases production (www. usglassmag.com) …Corning accepting ment is a liability, an environmental triblive.com) …Ubiquitous Energy, Asahi applications for sabbatical program before obligation,” Ziemkiewicz adds. “But Glass to speed commercialization of solar August 31, 2018 (www.corning.com) n it could turn into a revenue stream,

4 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 “Brick has proven its effectiveness as a cladding for thousands of years,” BIA COO Stephen T. Sears writes in an email. “And it’s refreshing to see so many architects and designers using brick in a range of color palettes and architectural styles. Brick truly stands up to the latest trends—from historic landmarks in classic red to cutting-edge innovations in vibrant color schemes.”

The contest rules on the BIA’s website state that entrants can submit architectural work completed within the last five years, in which new clay bricks comprise more than half of the exterior building or paving material. Credit: West Virginia University Mixing units run in the Rare Earth Extraction Facility at the WVU A team of independent design professionals judged entries Energy Institute/National Research Center for Coal and Energy. in six categories: • Commercial incentivizing treatment and creating economic opportunity • Education, K–12 for the region.” According to the press release, the economic • Higher education (colleges, universities) potential is large: The Appalachian region could produce 800 • Residential, single family tons of rare earths annually—enough to supply the defense • Residential, multi-family n industry for a year. • Paving and landscape projects View a photo gallery of the winning projects at Color, eclectic design dominate Brick in www.bit.ly/BIA2018winners. Architecture Awards Watch a video of the Best in Class winners at www.bit.ly/BIA2018video. n Although clay brick has been used since the medieval period, it became an increasingly popular building material during the Industrial Revolution. By 1952, advancements in automa- R R tion enabled manufacturers to produce 12,000 bricks per day— Starbar and Moly-D elements more than the 36,000 bricks per week that previously were are made in the U.S.A. made by hand. Today, manufacturing over 200,000 bricks per with a focus on providing day is not uncommon in the industry. Each year the Brick Industry Association (BIA) recognizes the highest quality heating elements those who have brilliantly incorporated brick into their build- and service to the global market. ing and paving designs. The BIA recently announced the winners of its 2018 Brick in Architecture Awards. Now in its 30th year, the Brick in Architecture Awards competition honors U.S. architectural and design firms that “demonstrate outstanding design with clay brick,” according to the association’s press release.

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 5 news & trends

‘Glass Across Boundaries’ is theme of Corning’s 2018 Glass Summit Hundreds of scientists, researchers, technologists, and students gathered at Corning’s Headquarters building for the 2018 Glass Summit in June. Hosted by Corning, the Summit helps to build and strengthen Corning’s relationships with the academic glass community by stimulating a broader discussion among researchers in academia, funding agencies, and other stakeholders around fundamental glass science. This year’s Summit aimed to lever- age research in adjacent fields that can be applied to glass research, such as plasmonics, mechanical deformation, polymer science, geochemistry, and More than 650 people from 35 countries attended the 7th International Congress on surface characterization. Ceramics (ICC7) and 62 Congresso Brasileirior de Ceramica in Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, “Collaboration fosters knowledge June 17–21, 2018. sharing and the utilization of new tools Credit: ICC7 to help us identify areas of opportunity that will enable the next generation of Environment, sustainability are focus of successful ICC7 conference ‘glass-centric’ innovations,” said Mike The International Congress on ultrahigh temperature ceramics, polymer Pambianchi, research director, glass Ceramics, hosted by the Brazilian derived ceramics, porous and cellular research, and Glass Summit program Ceramic Society on behalf of the ceramics, glass science and technology, director. “Fifty universities, government International Ceramic Federation, electric and magnetic ceramics, mechan- agencies, and professional organizations convenes every two years at various ical behavior, green and energy efficient were present for this year’s event.” host locations around the world. This processing, additive manufacturing, and This year’s Summit focused on five conference follows a sequence of success- other relevant topics. research topics relevant to accelerating ful ICC conferences held in Toronto, “The four plenary speakers were glass innovation: Optical Materials, Canada (2006), Verona, Italy (2008), outstanding choices for the confer- Mechanics of Brittle Materials, Glass Osaka, Japan (2010), Chicago, Ill., ence,” ACerS Fellow Bill Fahrenholtz Transition & Relaxation, Glass Surfaces U.S.A. (2012), Beijing, China (2014), says. “Each were leaders in their fields. & Organic-Glass Interactions, and and Dresden, Germany (2016). Their presentations went beyond simply Structured/Complex Glasses. Antonio Carlos de Camargo, presi- reviewing technical results and represent- “The Glass Summit highlights dent, Associação Brasileira de Cerâmica, ed outstanding vision for their fields.” Corning’s dedication to research and and Samuel Marcio Toffoli, Polytechnic “Of the symposia that I was able to development and supports a commit- School of the University of São Paulo, attend, I thought that the program in ment to leadership in materials science,” served as lead organizers of the Congress. Bioinspired Ceramics and Composites said David Morse, executive vice presi- The Congress was held at the Recanto symposium was very well-conceived,” he dent and chief technology officer. Morse Cataratas Thermas Resort & Convention adds. “Many of the presentations were encouraged participants to collaborate, near the spectacular Iguassu Falls. thought-provoking and really analyzed communicate, and connect with one The conference topic, “Ceramizing research needs or emerging trends in the another. “We hope your conversations the Future for a Sustainable Society” field, which was the original intent of inspire new approaches to inorganic included four plenary speakers, 129 the ICC meetings.” glass problems. invited speakers, and many contributed Future ICC conferences will take “This year’s theme—‘Glass across and poster presentations that covered place in Busan, South Korea in 2020; Boundaries’—emanated from a desire to a range of topics from bioceramics, Krakow, Poland in 2022; and Montreal, expand the current thought process of ceramics for energy and environment, Canada in 2024. n what constitutes glass research into new

6 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Benchtop Laboratory Hot Press MODEL FR 210 Advanced Thermal Design at an affordable price

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Corning Glass Research Summit 2018. P.O. Box 40, Epsom, NH 03234-0040 (603) 736-8422 • Fax (603) 736-8734 Credit: Corning e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.oxy-gon.com fields of study,” said Pambianchi. “Many of the most successful Corning researchers, such as Donald Stookey and George Beall, joined the company after studying in adjacent fields to glass science.” ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS Looking back at her time at the conference, Irene Peterson, FOR POWDER COMPACTION senior research associate, glass melting, said; “This conference gave me a more interdisciplinary perspective on my work. It Gasbarre | PTX-Pentronix | Simac was fascinating to learn how new experimental and modeling tools developed in adjacent fields can be used to study glass. The excellent combination of lectures and networking time led GASBARRE ELECTRIC PRESSES to many interesting and useful technical conversations.” Precision & Efficiency with A new addition to this year’s Summit was a poster session a Light Footprint focusing on academic research. Postdoctoral researchers, undergraduate, and graduate students presented on a variety of topics related to glass and materials science. This event created a unique opportunity for Corning employees to interact with promising researchers from leading universities across the country. HYDRAULIC PRESSES Closing the event was Chris Heckle, research director, inor- Simple to Complex Parts, ganic materials research. Her discussion echoed the sentiments Intuitive & Flexible Setup of the Glass Summit. “We are dedicated to creating new businesses based upon materials science research. We focus on developing a fun- MONOSTATIC AND damental understanding to drive technology forward by col- DENSOMATIC laborating with selected external partners.” She continued ISOSTATIC PRESSES by saying, “While forming collaborations we hope to provide Featuring Dry Bag Pressing industrial context for academic problems, support regional economic development, foster pipelines in core disciplines, and 590 Division Street | DuBois, PA 15801 encourage revitalization of academic glass research”. n 814.371.3015 | [email protected] www.gasbarre.com

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 7 business and market view

A regular column featuring excerpts from BCC Research reports on industry sectors involving the ceramic and glass industry.

Global Markets for Spark Plasma Sintering and Other Advanced Sintering Technologies

By Margareth Gagliardi (or 20.1% of the total), while the current- assisted sintering segment, which is primar- Table 2. Spark plasma sintering and other advanced sintering technologies park plasma sintering, and ily composed of spark plasma sintering other advanced sintering tech- systems, represented 9.2% of the total. Category Subcategory Technology Application S Current-assisted Pressure-assisted Spark plasma Monolithic nologies track their origins to the early Demand for AST systems is projected sintering parts 1900s, but in recent years, they have been to continue to grow at a healthy pace Pressureless Flash Monolithic gaining strong and rapidly increasing inter- during the next five years due to a vari- sintering parts,coatings est for fabrication of high-performance ety of factors including: Pressure-assisted Flash spark Monolithic materials with unique properties that can- • Increasing popularity of 3-D print- plasma parts sintering not be produced by other methods. These ed devices Pressure-assisted Capacitor Monolithic materials can be atypical not only in terms • Higher penetration in different discharge parts of composition, but also as far as micro- sectors, particularly medical, electronics, sintering structure and/or configuration. optoelectronics and energy Atmosphere- Pressure-assisted Vacuum Monolithic assisted and pressureless sintering parts • Need for sintering processes that Three main categories of advanced Electromagnetic Pressureless Microwave Monolithic sintering technologies (AST)—current- allow for fast firing, high-throughput and radiation-assisted sintering parts assisted, which includes spark plasma more automation Pressureless Laser sintering Additive • Rapidly rising levels of related manufacturing, sintering; vacuum-assisted; and electro- coatings R&D activities magnetic radiation-assisted—are primarily Pressureless Infrared Additive used in six sectors: aerospace, automo- Although sales volume of AST equip- sintering manufacturing, tive, electronics/optoelectronics, energy, ment is expected to be characterized by coatings good growth, revenues will expand at a Pressureless Photonic Additive mechanical/metallurgical and medical. sintering manufacturing The global market for AST equipment slower pace due to ongoing price pres- sintering, increased from $823 million in 2015 to sure. As a result, the total market for coatings $863 million in 2016 and is estimated AST equipment is forecast to grow at Table 3. Global market for sintering equipment to have been valued at $915 million in a CAGR of 6.6% from 2017 through by region through 2022 ($ billions) 2017, corresponding to a compounded 2022, reaching global revenues of nearly annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.4% dur- $1.3 billion by 2022. Region 2017 2022 CAGR% ing the two-year period (Table 1). Sintering technologies have been 2017–2022 Electromagnetic radiation-assisted sin- divided in two main groups: pressure- United States 1.6 2.1 5.6 tering (e.g., selective laser sintering and assisted and pressureless sintering, Europe 1.3 1.7 5.5 microwave sintering) currently account depending whether or not an external Asia-Pacific 2.2 2.9 5.7 for the largest share of the market, at an pressure is applied during the process. Rest of World 0.6 0.7 3.1 estimated 70.7% of the total in 2017, Advanced sintering technologies (Table Total 5.7 7.4 5.4 corresponding to $647 million in sales. 2) are finding increased use in the fab- Advanced sintering technologies are Within this segment, selective laser sin- rication of nanostructured materials, expected to be one of the driving forces tering systems for coatings and 3-D print- exotic formulations and new genera- of market growth of sintering equipment. ing represent the most popular type. tions of composites, as well as in rapid The next-largest category is vacuum- manufacturing. Most of them have About the Author assisted sintering with estimated equip- been introduced to sinter monolithic, Margareth Gagliardi is chief research ment revenues of $184 million in 2017 at times previously shaped components, analyst in advanced materials for BCC and thick parts, while others Research. Contact Gagliardi at analysts@ Table 1. Global market for AST equipment by type through are for sintering of coatings bccresearch.com 2022 ($ millions) and for application in additive manufacturing, where parts are Type 2015 2016 2017 2022 CAGR% Resource produced layer-by-layer. Margareth Gagliardi, “Global markets 2017–2022 The forecast for the sintering Electromagnetic radiation- for spark plasma sintering and other assisted sintering 593 617 647 850 5.6 systems market is characterized advanced sintering technologies, BCC Vacuum-assisted sintering 162 171 184 260 7.2 by moderate growth through Research Report AVM146A, June 2018. Current-assisted sintering 68 75 84 147 11.8 2022 (Table 3). Expanding at www.bccresearch.com n Total 838 863 915 1,257 6.6 a CAGR of 5.4%, it will reach $7.4 billion in 2022.

8 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 acers spotlight

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Is your company a supplier, manufacturer, or service provider Unsurpassed thermal and to the technical ceramics and glass industry? Gain access to buyers deposition uniformity and decision makers by becoming an ACerS Corporate Partner. Each system custom designed to ACerS Corporate Partners enjoy numerous benefits, includ- suit your specific requirements ing access to a members-only directory of sales leads and Laboratory to Production discounts on advertising and exhibitor booths. Visit www.bit. Exceptional automated control systems providing improved ly/ACerSCorpPartner to learn more, or contact membership product quality, consistency director Kevin Thompson at [email protected]. n and monitoring Worldwide commissioning, Volunteer spotlight training and service Volunteering for your professional society can be one of the most rewarding benefits of membership and an effective 100 Billerica Ave, www.tevtechllc.com way for members to get closer to an organization. Volunteers Billerica, MA 01862 gain from the knowledge, relationships, leadership develop- Tel. (978) 667-4557 Fax. (978) 667-4554 [email protected] ment, and recognition that come with meaningful volunteer activities. They create mutually-beneficial relationships for the organization and the individual. But finding time to volunteer and make a difference can be challenging. The Member Services Committee is currently planning to expand ACerS volunteer programs. This includes identifying new “micro-volunteer” opportunities or projects with specific goals and finite timelines. “There will always be a need for board and committee members,” says committee chair Kristin Breder. “Our goal is to identify volunteer projects outside of the traditional committee framework that will enable more members to get involved and participate in the Society as their time availability allows.” The Member Services Committee is seeking new member welcome ambassadors at MS&T (October 14–18) and other upcoming ACerS meetings. If you are interested in volunteer- AVX offers a wide range of surface mount MLCCs spanning ing, contact membership director Kevin Thompson at (614) from commercial and automotive grade to mission critical 794-5894 or [email protected]. space applications: • Stable temperature compensating EIA Class I & EIA Class II Watch for more volunteer news in this section in future ceramic materials n issues. • High volumetric efficiency & high voltage for EV applications • High reliability with low loss and stable capacitance Names in the news • AECQ qualified automotive range including industry leading FlexiTerm ® and FlexiSafe® options Navrotsky appointed to CCST Board • Lowest inductance offering in the industry of Directors The California Council on Science LEARN MORE AT WWW.AVX.COM and Technology appointed ACerS Fellow Alexandra Navortsky to its Board of Directors, which provides strategic vision and direction for CCST. Navrotsky is University of California, FOLLOW US:

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 9 acers spotlight

Society and Division news (continued)

Davis Distinguished Professor in the and scholarly collaborations through the Engineering Ceramics Division: Departments of Materials Science and decades. Life membership is my lifelong Monday, October 15, Noon–1 p.m. Engineering, Chemical Engineering, commitment to ACerS and the science Chemistry, Earth and Planetary and engineering of ceramics and glasses. Electronics Division: Monday, Science, and Land, Air and Water It’s worth every penny!” October 15, Noon–1 p.m. Resources. She is a previous recipient To learn more about Lifetime of ACerS Kingery Award. n Membership, contact membership direc- Nuclear & Environmental tor Kevin Thompson at (614) 794-5894 Technology Division: Monday, ACerS Lifetime Membership or [email protected]. n October 15, 4:45–5:45 p.m. lasts a lifetime! Basic Science Division: Monday, Learn what’s happening in your ACerS Lifetime Membership allows October 15, Noon–1 p.m. members to avoid future dues increases, Division at MS&T18 maintain awards eligibility, and the need Seven ACerS Divisions will hold Bioceramics Division: Tuesday, to renew each year. executive and general business meetings October 16, 1–2 p.m. ACerS invites you to join the grow- at MS&T18 in the Greater Columbus ing list of Lifetime Members while Convention Center in Columbus, Ohio. Glass & Optical Materials Division: securing ACerS member benefits for Plan to attend to get the latest updates and Tuesday, October 16, 4:45–5:45 your entire life. The cost to become a share your ideas with Division officers. p.m. Lifetime Member and enjoy continuous Most Division Executive Committee Art, Archaeology & Conservation member benefits is a one-time payment meetings will be held Sunday afternoon, Science Division: Wednesday, of $2,000. October 14, in the Hilton Columbus n “My affiliation with ACerS goes back Downtown Hotel. Check with the October 17, 1–2 p.m. to 1990,” one Lifetime Member recalls. Division chair or Erica Zimmerman for “Since then, I have enjoyed excellent times and locations at ezimmerman@ networking, peer support, several honors, ceramics.org.

Awards and deadlines

Apblett earns Rankin Award ly removing radionuclides, heavy metals, Upcoming award deadlines The Nuclear & Environ- and arsenic from water, juice, and rice The Geijsbeek PACRIM syrup—and can also be used to “mine” mental Technology International Award recognizes indi- the ocean for useful metals such as ura- Division will present the viduals who are members of the Pacific nium. Apblett is an ACerS Fellow. n Rankin Award to Allen Rim Conference societies for contribu- Apblett, who has demon- tions in the field of ceramics and glass strated exemplary service ACerS/BSD Ceramographic technology that have resulted in sig- Apblett to the division. Exhibit & Competition nificant industrial or academic impact, Apblett is professor of chemistry at The Roland B. Snow Award pro- international advocacy, and visibility Oklahoma State University (Stillwater). motes microscopy and microanalysis of the field. Industrial candidates are He has a Ph.D. from the University of tools in the scientific investigation of evaluated based on the technology devel- Calgary (Alberta, Canada). In addition ceramic materials and is presented to opment and commercialization and its to creating innovative ways to produce the Best of Show winner of the 2018 current usefulness, importance, unique- high technology ceramics for use in Ceramographic Exhibit & Competition ness, and economic significance. Two electronics, medicine, water purification, at MS&T18. Winning entries are fea- Geijsbeek awards will be presented at homeland security, pollution prevention tured on back covers of the Journal of the the 2019 PACRIM conference. Submit and remediation, and catalysis, Apblett American Ceramic Society. Entries are due nominations by October 15, 2018. n has developed metal oxide and carboxyl- October 5, 2018. Learn more at http:// ate materials that are capable of selective- bit.ly/RolandBSnowAward. n

10 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Awards and deadlines (continued) LEADING HI-TECH GLOBAL SUPPLIER W.A. Weyl International Glass Science Award recog- of piezoelectric ceramics and components nizes abilities of a young scientist who would like to present a paper at an International Congress on Glass and provides In-House Facilities funds to make this possible. Provide Custom Development & Assemblies Any young scientist age 35 years or younger whose research Ensuring Reliability and publications in the field of glass science show ingenuity, Of Every Day Medical Devices initiative, and innovative thinking, is eligible for this award. Focused on Customer Needs The award covers the recipient’s travel expenses, room and Supporting Successful Piezo Projects board, registration fees, and incidental expenses for atten- Providing Precision Components dance at the 25th International Congress on Glass in Boston, That Ensure Our Security Mass., June 9–14, 2019. Recipient must present a paper at the Congress and provide a manuscript. The award consists of a certificate and suitable memento which will be presented during the Congress. Submit nominations with supporting material to Liping Huang, [email protected] by November 1, 2018. n

www.americanpiezo.com 213 Duck Run Road, PO Box 180, Mackeyville, PA 17750 USA Telephone: +1-570-726-6961 Fax: +1-570-726-7466 Students and outreach Batch Congratulations to ACerS Next Top Demo contest Hot Press winners! Continuous The Next Top Demo competition focuses on ceramic and/ or glass outreach demonstration skills and educates the public All types of High Temperature Ceramics while promoting the community outreach students already Processing Vacuum Furnaces perform at university. Congratulations to this year’s winners! PRODUCTION AND LABORATORY Scientific choice All non-oxides: Sadhana Bhusal and Jenniffer Bustillos, Florida International SiC, AIN, BN, University, Plasma spray for ceramic coatings Ti82, 84( & Si3N4 Viewers’ choice Hot Presses from 0.5 to Laura Aalto-Setälä, Manuel Diemer, Jenni Sorsa, and Jaakko 1500 tons Liikanen, Åbo Akademi University, Phosphorescent filigree canes in glassblowing CVI has built over 6,500 furnaces since 1954

• Max Possible Temperature: 3,500°c (6,332°F) Students—Show off your creativity in PCSA's • Hot Zones: 10 cc to 28 cu meters (o_6 cu in to 990 cu ft) creativity and microstory contest • Debind, Sinter, Anneal, Hot Press, Diffusion Bond, CVD, Ever tried to combine science with art? Give it a try with this CVl,MIM ° ° year's ACerS PCSA's creativity and microstory competition! • CVI testing in our lab to 2,8oo C (5,072 F) Submission deadline is August 20, 2018. There are multiple • Worldwide Field Service, rebuilds and parts for all makes prize categories and many ways to win. Winning entries will be Centorr Vacuum Industries displayed in the ACerS booth at MS&T18. Visit www.ceram- 55 Northeastern Blvd., Nashua NH 03062 USA • Toll free: 800-962-8631 ics.org/pcsacreative for details. n Ph: 603-595-7233 • Fax: 603-595-9220 • E-mail: [email protected]

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 11 acers spotlight

Students and outreach (continued)

Compete with students at For more information on any of the tour, visit www.glassproblemsconference. Material Advantage and contests or student activities at MS&T, org/student-information by September visit www.matscitech.org/students, or 28, 2018. Contact Donna Banks at Keramos contests at #MS&T18 contact Yolanda Natividad at [email protected] with questions. n Join fellow students from around the [email protected]. n world at MS&T18 and compete in the Join the GGRN Facebook following contests: Student travel grants and tour community! Undergraduate student speaking offered at the 79th GPC Whether or not you are an ACerS and poster contests The Glass Manufacturing Industry Global Graduate Researcher Network Submit entries by September 24, 2018. Council is offering $500 travel grants member, we invite you to join us on Visit www.matscitech.org/students for to students who will attend the 79th Facebook at www.facebook.com/ contest rules and entry information. Conference on Glass Problems, acersgrads to stay up to date with ACerS news, opportunities, com- Ceramic mug drop and ceramic November 5–8, 2018 in Columbus, petitions, career development tips disc golf competitions Ohio. Travel grants are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Students are and tricks, #MotivationalMondays, Start working on your pieces for these also invited to attend Anchor Hocking’s #FridayFunnies, and more! contests, which will be held during plant tour in Lancaster, Ohio, on If you are not a current GGRN mem- MS&T18, Tuesday, October 16 in the November 5, Noon–4 p.m. Students ber but are a ceramics- or glass-focused exhibit hall. Contact Brian Gilmore at must register in advance to participate. graduate student, visit www.ceramics. [email protected] to participate. To apply for a grant or register for the org/ggrn to learn more and join GGRN today!. n

Pittsburgh area teachers participate (Credit all images: ACerS) in materials science workshop The Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation recently partnered with HarbisonWalker International to provide a free one-day materials science workshop for received a Materials Science Classroom Kit and “The teachers at HWI’s Advanced Technology & Research Magic of Ceramics” book, a $250 value, sponsored by the Center. HarbisonWalker International Foundation. The workshop was designed to help 7th–12th-grade “We’re eager to help teachers gain hands-on experience teachers bring materials science education into their in materials science, so their students can learn more, classrooms through the use of the CGIF’s Materials and even consider it as a possible career path,” HWI Science Classroom Kit. manager, Applications Technology–Glass, Bryn Snow says of the workshop. Volunteers from HWI and Almatis led 21 teachers from the Pittsburgh area through nine materials If you would like to host a Materials Science Workshop in science demonstrations in the kit. Each teacher your area or sponsor a kit for a local school, contact outreach manager Belinda Raines at [email protected]. n

12 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 ceramics in biomedicine

Graphene foam could be just the prescription for arthritis sufferers New research from scientists at Boise State University suggests graphene foam soon could play a crucial role in joint replacement and treatment of osteoarthritis pain. Led by Ph.D. student in the Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Katie Yocham, and codirector of the Boise State University’s Advanced Nanomaterials and Manufacturing Laboratory, David Estrada, researchers mixed graphene foam with animal cells (ATDC5) to build bioscaffolds to replace cartilage destroyed by osteoarthritis, according to a Boise State news release. “In tissue engineering, graphene represents a unique material with structure property processing correlations that can be used to design bioscaffolds to communicate electrically and mechanically with adhered stem cells, driving their differentia- tion down various pathways,” Estrada adds in the article. Estrada writes in an email that chemical exfoliation is an area they plan to study. “Graphene can be synthesized by chemical exfoliation, via chemical vapor deposition, and subli- mation of Si from SiC surfaces,” he explains. “This results in very different structure–property–processing correlations and our preliminary data shows this has a significant impact on the performance of graphene as a bioscaffold.” According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 54.4 million adults in the U.S. suffer from arthritis. Over 30 million U.S. adults have been diag- nosed with osteoarthritis, the most common form. The paper, published in Advanced Engineering Materials, is “Mechanical Properties of Graphene Foam and Graphene Foam—Tissue Composites” (DOI: 10.1002/adem.201800166). n

Behind every great product, there is a great project.

Turnkey brick and roof tile plants Credit: David Estrada, Boise State University Graphene foam bioscaffold. Ctra. de La Pobla, 64 · 08788 Vilanova del Camí Barcelona (Spain) · [email protected] Tel. +34 93 807 07 17 · Fax +34 93 807 07 20 · www.equipceramic.com

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 13 research briefs

Novel MXene–ZnO composites made with cold sintering process

A new paper published in Advanced Materials shows that reactivity. In the chemical formula, Tx designates the surface- thermal processing of composites may cease to be a barrier terminating functional group: oxygen, hydroxyl, or fluorine. thanks to recent advances in cold sintering processing (CSP). MXenes have near-metallic conductivity, but are susceptible And, the paper reports success making composites with wildly to oxidation, especially at elevated temperatures. Zinc oxide is dissimilar materials. Each constituent brings functional proper- semiconducting, but susceptible to uneven grain growth dur- ties, and the composite’s properties are better than either con- ing sintering, typically at temperatures approaching 1,000°C. stituent alone—a hallmark of a good marriage. Cold sintering densifies ceramics at temperatures up to The research collaboration between Clive Randall’s 300°C by balancing mass transport driven by temperature, group at Pennsylvania State University and Yury Gogotsi’s pressure, time, and water content. At those temperatures, group at Drexel University demonstrated the feasibility of materials scientists can think of composites made with unex- using cold sintering to densify a composite of zinc oxide pected constituent pairings. and the MXene compound, Ti3C2Tx. The collaboration Graduate students from the two groups made continuous- sprouted from an NSF-sponsored workshop on the role of matrix composites by combining 0.5–5 wt% MXene with ceramics and glass on meeting society’s grand challenges, ZnO nanoparticles. Interestingly, the composite performed which both researchers attended. better than either constituent alone. That is, the two materials MXenes are 2-D transition metal carbides, nitrides, or worked together to make a composite with better properties carbonitrides made by selectively etching MAX phases. Their than either material alone has. properties can be tuned with selection of the metallic ele- The press release summarizes the impressive results: “The ments—transition metal M (Ti, V, Cr, Ta, Mo, Nb, etc.,) and metallic MXene coated the ceramic powder and formed con- group A element (Al, Si, Sn, In, etc.). The etchant leaves surface tinuous two-dimensional grain boundaries, which prevented functional groups, which can be engineered for desired surface grain growth, increased the conductivity by two orders of magnitude, transforming semiconducting zinc oxide into a metallic ceramic, and doubled hardness of the final product. The addition of MXene also improved the ability of zinc oxide to transform heat to electricity.” “This is one of a series of examples showing the ability to design grain boundaries in ways we previously couldn’t do,” Randall says in an interview. “Now we can be proactive, adding unusual phases not even in the phase diagram and dissimilar phases.”

SPECIALIZES IN: – Traditional Ceramics – Manufacturers – Technical Ceramics – Coating and Paints Credit: MRI/Penn State The schematic illustration showing the cosintering of ceram- – Metallurgical Applications – Cement and Mortars – Electrical Component – Brick and Structural ics and 2D materials using cold sintering processing, and TEM Ceramics image and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) map of cold

sintered 99ZnO-1Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite. The MXene nanosheets are distributed homogeneously along the ZnO grain boundar- ceramiccolor.com ies, as seen in the TEM image and EDS map.

14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 “This is the first ceramic composite containing MXene,” Gogotsi says in the release. “Taking into account that about thirty MXenes with diverse properties are already available, we are opening a new chapter in research on ceramic matrix composites, with potential applications ranging from electronics to batteries and thermoelectrics.” The paper is “Cold sintered ceramic nanocomposites of 2D MXene and zinc oxide,” by Jing Guo, et al., Advanced Materials (DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801846) n Manufacturing abrasive grain and fused minerals Improving toughness of nanocrystalline ceramics By Ricardo Castro since 1868. A major manufacturing and application challenge in ceramics is the characteristically low toughness. Although composites are known to improve toughness of ceramics, single-phased ceramics with high toughness are desirable, but not easily attainable, given that many functional properties, such as optical, are based on monolithic products. It was proposed that grain size reduction would improve WASHINGTONMILLS.COM toughness by allowing grains to slide against each other, 716.278.6600 • 800.828.1666 • [email protected] much like woven polymers absorb impacts. However, most nanoceramics do not show the predicted high toughness, because grain–grain interfaces show much higher friction than expected, and so defects cannot move easily along boundaries, leading to facile crack propagation. A team of researchers from University of California, Davis, in collaboration with researchers from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, have explored the weak interfaces in nanoceramics to demonstrate a new toughening mechanism for nanoceramics. In fibrous composites, fibers create an alternative crack path that deflects cracks and improves toughness. In nanocrystalline ceramics, the U.C. Davis team proposed that the extensive grain boundary network is a dormant crack path waiting to be awakened. In other words, there are many grain boundary possibilities for cracks to propagate. However, cracks typically go in one direction and are mostly linear, which lowers toughness. This is because grain boundaries are not all equal in crystalline materials. Some grain boundaries are weaker than others and hence, cracks mostly propagate through those that are easier to break, resulting in clean and linear cracks. It stands to reason, then, that eliminating disparity in grain boundary strength would remove a “path of least resistance” and lead to a more distributed or tortuous crack path, as shown in the image above. The team designed a way for all of the grain boundaries to be more alike. By using dopants that segregate to the grain boundaries, researchers showed they can reduce local energies and improve toughness of individual boundaries. However, more importantly, the researchers acknowledged the existence of weak as well as already strong boundaries. Therefore, they target the weakest grain boundaries primarily so they can be made as

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 15 research briefs

hybrid electric Chevy Volts driven in winter in Chicago had 29% less range than those driven in spring in Chicago. Chao-Yang Wang and his team developed a self-heating lithium battery that uses thin nickel foil with one end attached to the negative terminal and the other end extending outside the battery, creating a third terminal. Wang is William E. Dief- enderfer Chair of mechanical engineering, professor of chemical engineering, professor of materials science and engineering, and director of the Electrochemical Engine Center at Pennsyl- vania State University. The foil serves as a heater of sorts. A temperature sensor sets off electron flow through the foil—heating it up and warming the battery. The sensor switches off after the battery reaches 32°F, allowing electric current to continue flowing normally. Wang and his team have taken their technology a step further by enabling the battery to charge itself in 15 minutes at temperatures as low as –45°F. When the battery’s internal temperature reaches room temperature and above, the switch opens to allow electric current to flow in and quickly charge the battery. “One unique feature of our cell is that it will do the heating and then switch to charging automatically,” Wang explains in

Credit: Castro, UCD a Penn State news release. Eliminating disparity in grain boundary strength would remove He says their battery would not affect the current charging a “path of least resistance” and lead to a more distributed or infrastructure. “Also, the stations already out there do not tortuous crack path. have to be changed,” he adds. “Control of heating and charg- strong as the already strong boundaries. This causes all of them ing is within the battery, not the chargers.” to be equally strong, and thus, cracks branch often as they prop- “The self-heating battery structure is also essential for all agate through grain boundaries and meet a triple joint (where solid-state ceramic batteries because it thermally stimulates uni- three grain boundaries meet). A 20% improvement in toughness form lithium deposition at the lithium metal anode and com- was observed. The researchers demonstrated the concept with pensates for insufficient ionic conductivity of ceramic or glass zirconia as a model system, but there is no reason to believe the electrolytes,” he explains in an email. “Plus, solid-state batteries mechanism cannot be applied in other compositions. are inherently safe and more efficient to operate at high tem- Besides better understanding toughening mechanisms, this peratures. Indeed, a solid state battery would be much inferior method to improve toughness could impact design of more without the self-heating battery structure.” reliable monolithic ceramics. Mechanical stability and perfor- He also says their technology is “pretty mature and readily mance of many functional oxides, such as battery electrodes commercialized by auto OEMs and battery manufacturers.” and capacitors, is limited due to the intrinsic brittleness of the The paper, published in Proceedings of the National Academy material. This method could potentially enable impact resis- of Sciences of the United States of America, is “Fast charging of tance without compromising functional properties. lithium-ion batteries at all temperatures” (DOI: 10.1073/ Read more in Bokov et al., in the Journal of the European pnas.1807115115). n Ceramic Society, Volume 38, Issue 12, September 2018, Pages 4,260-4,267 (DOI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.05.007). n

Self-heating, fast-charging batteries Slow battery charging is a barrier to universal adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), which can take 30 minutes to 12 hours, depending on the charging point used and the EV’s battery capacity. One factor that significantly impacts EV driving range is the outside temperature. According to the Office of Energy Penn State researchers Efficiency & Renewable Energy, cold weather can affect the are working on a fast- driving range of plug-in EVs by more than 25%. In a project charging battery that rapidly heats internally prior to charging. at Idaho National Laboratory, researchers found that plug-in Credit: Chao-Yang Wang, Penn State University

16 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Honoring the ACerS Awards Class of 2018 Over its long history, The American Ceramic Society has established a tradition of awards to recognize its members’ outstanding contributions and accomplishments and to create career benchmarks for aspiring young scientists, engineers, and business leaders. The most prestigious of ACerS awards is designation as a Distinguished Life Member, a recognition bestowed upon only two or three members each year. In 2018, three individuals will receive DLM honors: Amar Bhalla, John Halloran, and George Scherer. The Society will elevate 15 members to Fellow and recognize many more outstanding members with various Society, Division, and Class awards and lectures that will be presented at ACerS Annual Awards Banquet at MS&T18, October 14–18, in Columbus, Ohio.

2018 DISTINGUISHED LIFE Taking advantage of an opportu- he says. “It gives me a lot of satisfaction MEMBERS nity to study materials in space, Bhalla and joy to see my students growing and became a research associate at the doing new research. And I always stay in Amar Bhalla National Academy of Science/National touch with them.” Amar Bhalla always Research Council, where he worked with Bhalla says his nearly 40-year ACerS wanted to explore a team to process materials under zero- membership has been invaluable. And materials and ceram- gravity conditions at NASA’s Marshall although he a member of other interna- ics, even after he Space Flight Center. He then returned tional societies and attends their meet- earned his bache- to Penn State and continued his work in ings when time permits, he has never lor’s degree in phys- developing piezoelectric glass ceramics, missed an ACerS Annual Meeting since ics, chemistry, and nanocomposites for MEMS substrates, joining the Society. mathematics and a and high temperature ferroics, among “It is an avenue I can keep open with master’s degree in other research. Currently, Bhalla is colleagues, students, and collaborators,” physics from Distinguished Research Professor of elec- he explains. “By going to these meetings, Rajasthan University (India). It wasn’t trical and computer engineering at the you see everyone in one place. There is until he was working on his Ph.D. at University of Texas at San Antonio. not a single person in the Electronics Pennsylvania State University that he When Bhalla joined ACerS in the early Division that I don’t know,” he adds. found his true calling in ceramics. 1980s, he hit the ground running by join- “That is the rewarding part of being an As a Ph.D. student, Bhalla had ing and getting involved in the Electronics ACerS member.” the opportunity to work with Eugene Division—eventually becoming chair, White, a Penn State materials research trustee, and subsequently, Division repre- John Halloran professor and pioneer in the develop- sentative on a Fellows panel. He was later From the start, John ment of bioceramic implant materi- honored as an ACerS Fellow in 1990. Halloran has had an als. Those were the days, he says, that Bhalla says he received a lot of sup- eye for opportunity, he “got fascinated with bioceramics port from the ED, and has organized along with a willing- like coral, which [White] was using to nearly 40 symposia for the Division over ness to seek guid- design bone materials.” the years. Now he organizes one ED sym- ance and to take the Bhalla also worked with piezoelectric/ posium every year. “I haven’t missed a unexpected path. polymer composites for highly sensitive year since 1989,” he says proudly. Consider how a hydrophone materials in the ferroelectric One of Bhalla’s significant ACerS teenaged Halloran group in Penn State’s materials research achievements was in expanding the ED chose his ceramic lab. After earning his Ph.D. in solid outside of the U.S. He was instrumental engineering career. state science, Bhalla’s piezoelectric and in helping to establish ACerS chapters “I’m a St. Louis boy, and I went to electrostrictive research enabled him to in Thailand, Brazil, and India. Because Rolla night at St. Louis Engineers club. collaborate with another professor, L. of his efforts, membership in the There was a long line for the chemical Eric Cross, whom he met while work- Division increased by 20%–30%, and engineering table, but no line at the ing on his Ph.D. That led to a research he was presented with ACerS Global ceramic engineering table. Prof. Bob partnership that spanned 40 years and Ambassador Award in 2016. Moore called me over and offered me eventually expanded into organometallic Bhalla’s devotion to the Society stems a $400 scholarship,” recalls Halloran. ferroics research. Bhalla spent more than from his belief in helping the future of And that was that. 30 years at Penn State as professor of his profession by paying forward. “The At University of Missouri, Rolla (now electrical engineering and senior scientist most important part of our duties is to Missouri University of Science and for the Materials Research Institute. the younger generation—our future,” Technology), Halloran got his first taste

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 17 of research working in Harlan Anderson’s defect anywhere makes [the part] worth- to do.’ I started looking into predicting lab, which he “rather enjoyed.” But not less. Trying to take a technology from kinetics, and that’s how I got into sinter- enough to steer him away from his goal lab to a commercial product is really, ing,” Scherer recalls. of working in the aerospace industry. really hard. It’s given me a deeper appre- It was an interesting time, as the sci- McDonnel Douglas hired the young ciation of industry,” Halloran says. ence and marketplace alternatively drove B.S. ceramic engineer. “I went there and The American Ceramic Society has the new optical communication technol- realized this is a project business. When served as a basso continuo along the ogy. “We were doing lots of basic science a project is done, the job is done. These way. “My whole career was built around while the market was still trying to figure guys are migrant workers, kind of like conferences—meeting people, getting out what it wanted,” Scherer says. the construction industry. I started to people to work with me, as collabora- After 11 years with Corning, Scherer think, maybe I don’t want to do that, and tors or funding agencies. They all came moved to DuPont to work in the Central maybe I could go to graduate school.” through the global ceramics commu- Research area. Earlier, he had invented a He sought the advice of his Rolla nity,” Halloran says. process for making amorphous materials mentor, Harlan Anderson. Acting on Now emeritus at the University of from colloid precursors. DuPont charged Anderson’s advice to choose a school based Michigan, Halloran focuses his energy its scientists to “just do science to see on the advisor he’d like to work with, on DDM Systems and his duties as edi- what would come out of it. That’s when Halloran went to MIT to work with a new tor of the Journal of the American Ceramic I got seriously into sol-gel,” he says. professor, a guy named Kent Bowen. Society. He admits surprise at the new Scherer stayed with DuPont for 10 From MIT, Halloran joined the faculty lifestyle. “I’m busier now than I was years, surprising himself with the length at Pennsylvania State University and before I retired!” of his career in industry. “My plan was to “worked with lots of great people.” Three work in industry for a year or two then go years later, he joined the faculty at Case George Scherer to academia, but I was having so much fun Western Reserve University in Cleveland, that I couldn’t imagine leaving,” he says. They say chance Ohio. “It was a wonderful time working However, the opportunity reappeared favors a prepared with Art Heuer, Terry Mitchell, and Al when Princeton invited him to join the mind. Instead, Cooper,” he says. After six years, it was civil engineering faculty with a joint chance smiled on a time for a change so he joined Ceramic appointment with the Princeton young George Processing Systems, Kent Bowen’s start-up Institute for the Science and Technology Scherer and prepared company in the Boston area. His experi- of Materials. him for a career that ence in the trenches of a start-up would It was quite a leap for the glass sci- led to him becoming serve him well in later years. entist. “I felt like a complete fraud. I “Different people in the ceramics a world-renowned had to look up the difference between community telling me what to do have expert in glass, sol-gel cement and concrete because I didn’t been major forks in my career. It’s funny processing, and cements. know,” he remembers. However, he how when you look back at things, how Raised in Teaneck, N.J., outside New soon discovered the gap was smaller random everyone’s life is. I have to hand York City, Scherer knew he was college- than it appeared. it to Bob, Harlan, and Kent for telling bound, but admits “I did not know the “What’s important to understand me what to do,” says Halloran. first things about colleges.” He turned to [about concrete] is durability, which Eventually, Halloran felt the pull of his older brother, who had a Peterson’s led back to my roots. The deterioration academia and joined the University of Guide to Colleges. Together they select- mechanisms have to do with growth of Michigan faculty. But the entrepreneur- ed a handful of schools that seemed crystals of water and salts in porosity,” ial bug had bitten. He has cofounded like good fits based on the young men’s says Scherer, a problem that he dealt Applied Materials Inc., a manufacturer of selection criteria—schools with the short- with when studying permeability of gels. solid oxide fuel cells and now a subsidiary est application forms. Massachusetts He says, “I never learned anything of Ultra Electronics Holdings plc, and Institute of Technology fit the criteria. that didn’t turn out to be useful. One of DDM Systems, which 3-D prints molds Intending to become a chemist, he the advantages of getting older is realiz- for precision investment casting molds. says “In my first chem lab I blew up some ing that you’ve seen this before.” The companies Halloran cofounded glassware, and I figured I should stick to Besides research, he says, “Teaching are all based on research done in the solids.” Undergraduate research led him was really fun. It was great to see stu- academic lab. to his true calling. “I started working with dents ‘turn on’ when they get it, espe- “When a grad student is finished, Don Uhlmann on the melting rate of cially undergraduates.” nobody else can do the work [because each quartz, and I got completely hooked,” he Of ACerS, Scherer says “The Society student’s work must be an original contri- says—hooked enough to earn B.S., M.S. is like my family. The people I met were bution]. You end up abandoning activities and Sc.D. degrees with Uhlmann. remarkably encouraging and welcoming more or less when they begin,” Halloran After MIT, Scherer joined the to new people. The Society offered a way notes. The role of the university, he says, is research staff at Corning Glass Works, for people to meet and connect.” to suggest potential, whereas industry real- landing in Peter Schultz’s group studying In the end, that short college applica- izes the potential, “but has to do it better.” vapor deposition processes for making tion proved to be the portal to a long, “When you go to commercialize, you optical fiber preforms. “Pete showed me distinguished career. Chance knew what see where the hard work comes in. Any around and then said, ‘Find something she was doing. n

18 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 The 2018 Class of Fellows

S. Pamir Alpay is the chemical perspectives on interfaces and Zhengyi Fu is chief General Electric wetting phenomena. She currently professor of materials Endowed Professor in works with metal/metal and metal/ science and engineering Advanced Manufac- ceramic interfaces, with emphasis on at the Wuhan turing in the heteroepitaxy and grain growth in thin University of Department of films and their applications to interface Technology (China). Materials Science and engineering. Chatain was program chair He received a Ph.D. in Engineering at the for ACerS Basic Science Division and materials science and Alpay Fu University of has coorganized sessions at MS&T. engineering from the Connecticut (Storrs, Conn.) and execu- Wuhan University of Technology. His tive director of UConn Tech Park. He Dragan Damjanovic is research focuses on multifunctional holds a Ph.D. from the University of professor at the ceramics and ceramic-based composites, Maryland (College Park, Md.). His Institute of Materials, structural/functional integrative compos- research focuses on the development of Swiss Federal Institute ites, novel materials structure and proper- electrically tunable dielectrics, pyroelectrics of Technology in ties, combustion synthesis, in-situ reaction for solid state heating/cooling, and atomis- Lausanne—EPFL synthesis and processing, fast and ultra- tic design of compositionally graded ferro- (Switzerland). He has a fast sintering, bio-process inspired synthe- electric devices. Alpay is a member of Ph.D. in ceramics sci- sis, and fabrication. Fu is a member of Damjanovic ACerS Electronics Division and has orga- ence from the International Committee of the nized four symposia at the Electronic Pennsylvania State University (State Engineering Ceramics Division and Materials and Applications meetings. College). His research interests focus on served on ACerS David Kingery Award emergent electromechanical phenomena Committee. He received ACerS Global Joseph Cesarano is in oxide materials, low temperature Ambassador Award and the Engineering president of properties of relaxor-ferroelectrics, sym- Ceramics Division’s Global Star Award. Robocasting metry breaking in oxides on different Enterprises LLC. He length scales and on application of piezo- Glenn Alan Gates is holds a Ph.D. in mate- electric materials in transducers, sensors conservation scientist rials science from the and actuators. Damjanovic is a member at the Walters Art University of Washing- of ACerS Electronics Division and is Museum (Baltimore, ton (Seattle). His associate editor for the Journal of the Md.). He earned his Cesarano research interests American Ceramic Society. Ph.D. in physical (poly- include colloidal science and manipula- mer) chemistry at the tion of fine particles for the development Monica Ferraris University of South is Gates of material manufacturing technologies full professor of sci- Florida (Tampa). His and process improvement. He also is an ence and technology research interests include applications of inventor of robocasting technology for of materials at nanotechnology to the preservation of 3-D printing of ceramics. Cesarano is a Politecnico di Torino, cultural heritage and leveraging research member of ACerS Basic Science Division Italy. She has a mas- discoveries for education in science and and taught an ACerS short course on ter’s degree in solid technology. Gates helped rejuvenate Additive Manufacturing of High state chemistry from ACerS Art Division into the current Art, Ferraris Performance Ceramics. University of Torino, Archaeology and Conservation Science Italy. Her main research activity is on Division. He is current treasurer and Dominique Chatain glasses, glass ceramics and composites past chair of the new division. is senior scientist, for joining and coating and her current National Center for area of activity is on joining and Zachary Grasley is Scientific Research/ mechanical testing of ceramics and Presidential Impact Interdisciplinary CMC. Ferraris is a member of ACerS Fellow and professor Center of Nano- Engineering Ceramics Division, chair in the Zachry science of Marseille, of ACerS Italy Chapter, a member of Department of Civil joint laboratory of ACerS Meeting Committee, and has Engineering and in the Chatain CNRS and Aix- served as member of ECD’s Interna- Materials Science & Marseille University (Marseille, France). tional Committee. She was also chair Engineering Grasley She holds a Ph.D. in physics and mate- of the John Jeppson Award Committee. Department at Texas rials science from the Polytechnic Ferraris was associate editor and now is A&M University (College Station) and Institute of Grenoble (France). Her coeditor-in-chief of the International the director of the Center for research focuses on dual physical and Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. Infrastructure Renewal. He has a Ph.D.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 19 The 2018 Class of Fellows (continued) in civil engineering from the University conductor materials for applications in unique behavior, mechanical behavior, of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His energy efficient electronics, energy stor- including novel work on the nanoinden- research interests include novel cementi- age, and energy harvesting. His other tation and nanoscratch behavior in tious materials, experimental techniques, research areas include fabrication and ceramics and nanocomposites. Research and advanced models to help innovate characterization of thin films of oxide fer- interests include additive manufacturing, the cement and concrete industry. He is roelectrics for the above applications and microstructural characterization, includ- currently involved in the Cements Li-ion/Li-S battery materials for recharge- ing in-situ techniques and modeling Division and was previously secretary, able batteries. Katiyar has a Ph.D. in phys- efforts. Schoenung is a member of ACerS chair-elect, and chair. ics from the Indian Institute of Science Engineering Ceramics Division. (Bangalore, India). He has been involved Timothy Haugan is in ACerS Electronics Division, organized Richard D. Sisson, Jr. senior research physi- symposia, presented invited talks, and is the George F. Fuller cist, team leader, and chaired sessions at ACerS meetings, Professor, the director program manager for including MS&T. of manufacturing and the U.S. Air Force materials engineering Research Laboratory, John S. McCloy is pro- and director of the Aerospace Systems fessor in the School of Center for Heat Directorate. He received Mechanical & Treating Excellence at Haugan Sisson his Ph.D. in electrical Materials Engineering Worcester Polytechnic engineering from SUNY-Buffalo (Buffalo, and director for the Institute (Worcester, Mass.). He holds a N.Y.). His current research interests cover Materials Science & Ph.D. in materials science and engineer- a wide range of materials and device tech- Engineering Ph.D. pro- ing from Purdue University (West nologies, with potential application for gram at Washington Lafayette, Ind.). His primary research McCloy high electric power aerospace systems. He State University interest is the application of the funda- also has a special interest in superconduc- (Pullman). He has a Ph.D. in materials sci- mentals of diffusion kinetics, modeling, tivity/cryogenics materials and devices ence and engineering from the University and thermodynamics to the solution of development. Haugan was subcommittee of Arizona (Tucson). His research ranges materials problems. He currently works officer for ACerS Electronics Division, co- from infrared transmitting ceramics to on heat treatment of steels and alumi- chaired many symposia and conferences at magnetic nanomaterials to glasses and num alloys and additive manufacturing MS&T and Electronic Materials and ceramics for nuclear waste forms. He cur- of ceramics and metals. Sisson also has Applications, and coauthored more than rently studies predicting crystallization studied effects of deposition process 100 presentations at ACerS conferences. from silicate melts using optical and mag- parameters on microstructure and cyclic netic characterization methods to under- thermal stability of partially stabilized zir- James G. Hemrick is stand glass structure, and Iron Age vitri- conia thermal barrier coatings and green director of technology fied forts as analogues for understanding processing ceramics. He is a member of at Reno Refractories in long-term glass corrosion. McCloy is chair ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division. Morris, Ala. Previously, of ACerS Art, Archaeology & he was senior research Conservation Science Division, a member Todd Steyer is senior engineer where he of the Nuclear & Environmental manager of specialty designed and character- Technology Division, served as conference materials and inte- Hemrick ized refractory ceramic chair of the Glass & Optical Materials gration at The materials for iron and Division, and as chair of ACerS Bulletin Boeing Company steel, non-ferrous, cement, lime, aggregate Editorial Advisory Board. (Huntington Beach, production, and other manufacturing Calif.). He holds a industries. Hemrick holds a Ph.D. in Julie M. Schoenung is Steyer Ph.D. in materials ceramic engineering from the University professor in the science and engineer- of Missouri–Rolla. Department of ing from Northwestern University Chemical Engineering (Evanston, Ill.). His research focuses Ram S. Katiyar is pro- and Materials Science on development of high temperature fessor of physics at the at the University of structural materials and thermal pro- University of Puerto California, Irvine. She tection systems for aerospace applica- Rico (San Juan). He holds a Ph.D. in mate- tions. Steyer is a member of the Basic Schoenung has been involved in rials engineering from Science Division and the Engineering oxide ceramics the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ceramics Division. He is also a trustee research, including fer- (Cambridge). Her areas of research of the Ceramic and Glass Industry n Katiyar roelectrics and semi- include material systems that exhibit Foundation.

20 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Society Awards

W. DAVID KINGERY AWARD recognizes Science Award. His research focuses on RICHARD AND PATRICIA SPRIGGS PHASE distinguished lifelong achievements involving the synthesis and characterization of EQUILIBRIA AWARD honors authors who multidisplinary and global contributions to novel ceramics materials for electrochemi- made the most valuable contribution to phase ceramic technology, science, education, and art. cal energy storage and energy conversion. stability relationships in ceramic-based systems Shunpei Yamazaki is literature in 2017. founder and president of “Crucial role of octahedral untilt- ROSS COFFIN PURDY AWARD recognizes Semiconductor Energy ing R3m/P4mm morphotropic phase authors who made the most valuable contribution boundary in highly piezoelectric Laboratory, Co. Ltd., to ceramic technical literature in 2016. perovskite oxide” Acta Materialia 134 Japan. He has a Ph.D. in “Improved chemical and electro- (2017) 195–202 by Minxia Fang, Shuai engineering and honorary chemical stability of perovskite oxides Yamazaki Ren, Xiaobing Ren, and Kang Yan doctor of culture from with less reducible cations at the sur- Doshisha University (Kyoto, Japan). His face” Nature Materials, Volume 15, Minxia Fang is a Ph.D. current research focuses on development pages 1010-1016 (2016) by Nikolai candidate at Frontier of an oxide semiconductor, indium-galli- Tsvetkov, Qiyang Lu, Lixin Sun, Institute of Science and um-zinc oxide, which could potentially Ethan J. Crumlin and Bilge Yildiz Technology, Xi’an replace the conventional silicon technol- Jiaotong University ogy. Yamazaki received the Richard M. Ethan J. Crumlin is career (China). Fulrath Award and ACerS Medal for staff scientist at the Fang Leadership in the Advancement of Advanced Light Source at Ceramic Technology. Lawrence Berkeley Shuai Ren is a Ph.D. National Laboratory candidate at Frontier JOHN JEPPSON AWARD recognizes (Berkeley Calif.). Institute of Science and distinguished scientific, technical, or Crumlin Technology, Xi’an engineering achievements. Qiyang Lu is postdoctoral Jiaotong University Krishan L. Luthra is chief associate at Materials (China). materials scientist at Science and Technology Ren General Electric Global Division, Oak Ridge Research (Schenectady, National Laboratory (Oak Xiaobing Ren is manag- N.Y.), where he developed Ridge, Tenn.). ing researcher and a lightweight and tough Lu Luthra professor at National ceramic composite that Institute for Materials has saved billions of dollars in aircraft Lixin Sun is a Ph.D. candi- Science (Japan). fuel costs and industrial gas turbines. He date in Department of has a Ph.D. in metallurgy and materials Ren Nuclear Science and science from University of Pennsylvania Technology, Massachusetts (Philadelphia). His current research Kang Yan is associate Institute of Technology focuses on commercialization of CMCs professor at College of (Cambridge, Mass.). and on development of next generation Sun Aerospace Engineering, of CMCs. Luthra is an ACerS Fellow. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astro- Nikolai Tsvetkov is nautics, (Nanjing, ROBERT L. COBLE AWARD FOR YOUNG research assistant professor Yan China). SCHOLARS recognizes an outstanding scientist in Korean Advanced who is conducting research in academia, in Institute of Science and industry, or at a government-funded laboratory. GLOBAL DISTINGUISHED DOCTORAL Technology (Daejeon, DISSERTATION AWARD recognizes a Michael Naguib is assis- South Korea). Tsvetkov distinguished doctoral dissertation in the tant professor in the ceramics and glass discipline. department of physics and Yanhao Dong is postdoc- engineering physics at Bilge Yildiz is associate toral associate at the Tulane University (New professor in the Nuclear Massachusetts Institute of Orleans, La.). He holds a Science and Engineering Naguib Technology (Cambridge). Ph.D. in materials science and the Materials Science He earned his Ph.D. in and engineering from Drexel University and Engineering materials science from the (Philadelphia, Pa.). His ACerS awards Departments at Dong Yildiz University of Pennsylvania include the Ross Coffin Purdy Award Massachusetts Institute of (Philadelphia). His research focuses on cat- and the Graduate Excellence in Materials Technology (Cambridge). ion diffusion in zirconia ceramics, cover-

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 21 ing from phenomenological grain growth DU-CO CERAMICS YOUNG PROFESSIONAL ACERS/EPDC: GREAVES-WALKER experiments to continuum-level transport AWARD is given to a young professional LIFETIME SERVICE AWARD recognizes an to atomic-level defect energetics. His cur- member of ACerS who demonstrates individual who has rendered outstanding ser- rent research interest is on functional exceptional leadership and service to ACerS. vice to the ceramic engineering profession and oxides for energy application, especially on who, by life and career, has exemplified the Eva Hemmer is assistant aims, ideals, and purpose of the Education and cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. professor for materials Professional Development Council chemistry at the University MEDAL FOR LEADERSHIP IN THE of Ottawa (Canada) where Lynnette D. Madsen is ADVANCEMENT OF CERAMIC she focuses on the design program director, ceram- TECHNOLOGY recognizes individuals who have and study of lanthanide- ics at the National made substantial contributions to the success of Hemmer based nanocarriers for bio- Science Foundation, their organization and expanded the frontiers of medical and energy conversion applica- where she develops pro- the ceramics industry through leadership. tions as well as the investigation of optical grams and initiatives in John K. Coors is chair- features in lanthanide-based materials and Madsen nanotechnology, commer- man of CoorsTek molecules. She holds a Ph.D. in materials cialization, manufacturing, sustainabili- (Golden, Colo.), where science from Saarland University ty, education, and diversity. She also he has grown the compa- (Saarbrücken, Germany). Hemmer has leads cooperative activities in materials ny into a global engi- received ECD’s Global Young Investigator with European researchers and oversees neered ceramics leader. Award and is an active member of the an active independent research pro- Coors He has an Eng.D. from Global Young Investigator Forum gram. She has a Ph.D. from McMaster Technical University of Munich Organizing Committee. She is a member University (Ontario, Canada). Madsen (Germany). He created the CoorsTek of the Engineering Ceramics Division and is an ACerS Fellow and a member of Center for Applied Sciences and has organized other symposia at ACerS ACerS Board of Directors. Engineering at the Colorado School of conferences. She also has served on ACerS Mines to facilitate academia and indus- Book Publishing Committee and is cur- try collaboration to solve complex prob- rently treasurer of ACerS Canada Chapter. lems. Coors is a member of the Engineering Ceramics Division and an ACerS Lifetime Member.

Peng Shou is CEO of Corporate Technical Achievement Award Triumph Group (Berwyn, recognizes a single outstanding technical achievement made by an ACerS corporate member Pa.), a group company in the field of ceramics evolved from Bengbu Design & Research Institute for Glass Shou Industry. He has a master’s degree in enterprise management from Wuhan University of Technology AdValue Photonics is the recipient of ACerS Corporate Technical (China). He has led efforts to diversify Achievement Award for the development of highly rare-earth doped silicate the glass industry from traditional build- glass fibers. ing glass to a steadily expanding busi- At the heart of the company’s innovative technology is its custom glass and ness of solar energy glass and optoelec- fiber design and production capability. tronic display glass, where he successfully established TFT-LCD glass and pow- The capability to control glass composition as well as the fiber’s mechanical and er-generating glass industry in China. geometric properties allows the company to optimize fiber for each of its laser Shou is a member of ACerS designs. By using higher doping concentrations and shorter fiber lengths, it is Engineering Ceramics Division and the able to minimize nonlinearities which result in higher pulse energies and peak Glass & Optical Materials Division. powers than would be achievable with commercial off-the-shelf fibers. AdValue Photonics, located in Tucson, Arizona, delivers groundbreaking products based on its proprietary fiber laser technology. Its main product lines include fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, broadband fiber sources, and fiber-based components. Its mission is to provide the most innovative and reliable laser products to customers that “Add Value” to their businesses and markets. n

22 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL: OUTSTANDING EDUCATOR AWARD recognizes truly outstanding work and creativity in teaching, directing student research, or general educational process among ceramic educators.

Doreen Edwards is dean of the Kate Gleason College of Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology (Rochester, N.Y.). She has a Ph.D. in The American Ceramic Society Edwards materials science and engineering from Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Her research focuses on oxide materials for fuel cells, batteries, 2018 Annual Honors thermoelectric devices, environmental remediation, and solar energy applica- and tions. Edwards is an ACerS Fellow and member of ACerS Board of Directors. Awards Banquet KARL SCHWARTZWALDER- PROFESSIONAL ACHIEVEMENT IN 120 Years of Advancing the Ceramics and CERAMIC ENGINEERING (PACE) AWARD Glass Community honors the past president of the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers and focuses public attention on outstanding achievements of young Join us to honor the Society’s 2018 award winners at persons in ceramic engineering and illustrates opportunities available in the ceramic engineering ACerS Annual Honors and Awards Banquet profession. Myungkoo Kang is Monday, October 15 at MS&T18 research scientist in the Glass Processing and 6:45 – 7:30 p.m. Reception Characterization Laboratory at CREOL, 7:30 – 10:00 p.m. The College of Optics Kang and Photonics at the George Bellows Ballroom, Hilton University of Central Florida (Orlando). He earned his Ph.D. in materials science Purchase banquet tickets with your conference registration or contact and engineering at the University of Erica Zimmerman at [email protected]. Michigan (Ann Arbor). His research focuses on understanding how irradia- tion processes can be utilized on a wide Tickets must be purchased by noon on October 15, 2018. variety of semiconductors and glass systems to efficiently create novel nanocomposites with spatially-tunable nano- structure dimensions and desirable properties that are promising for next generation plasmonic and phase-change optical devices. Kang is a member of ACerS Glass and Optical Materials Division. n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 23 Richard M. Fulrath Symposium and Awards To promote technical and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic engineers and scientists Symposium: October 15, 2018 | 2–4:40 p.m. Convention Center Room A111/112 Check matscitech.org for latest updates.

John S. McCloy Naoya Shibata is professor in the Yosuke Takahashi is deputy general Undividing the disci- Institute of Engineering Innovation, manager of Research and Devel- pline: Social inter- University of Tokyo. He has a Ph.D. opment Center at Noritake Co. faces in ceramics in materials science from Univer- Limited, Japan. He has an Eng.D. science and sity of Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan). His from Nagoya Institute of Technolo- engineering research focuses on the develop- gy, Japan. His research focuses on McCloy John S. McCloy is ment of new imaging techniques development of mixed-ion conduct- professor in the School of Me- in scanning transmission electron ing ceramics of perovskite oxides chanical & Materials Engineering microscopy and their application to and glass sealing materials. He also and director for the Materials Sci- grain boundaries and interfaces in developed process technologies ence & Engineering Ph.D. program materials and devices. using these materials for solid oxide at Washington State University fuel cells and oxygen permeable (Pullman). He has a Ph.D. in mate- Shinichiro Kawada membranes at Noritake. rials science and engineering from Potassium sodium the University of Arizona (Tucson). niobate-based mul- Mark D. Waugh His research ranges from infrared tilayer piezoelectric Blending cultures to transmitting ceramics to magnetic ceramics co-fired achieve innovation with nickel inner nanomaterials to glasses and Kawada Mark D. Waugh ceramics for nuclear waste forms. electrodes is senior strategic He currently studies predicting Shinichiro Kawada is senior man- Waugh marketing manager, crystallization from silicate melts ager of Development Section 1 healthcare at Mu- using optical and magnetic char- of the sensor product division at rata Electronics North America Inc. acterization methods to under- Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd., (Smyrna, Ga.), where he leads stra- stand glass structure, and Iron Japan, where he develops piezo- tegic marketing efforts for Murata’s Age vitrified forts as analogues electric ceramics including lead healthcare strategy in the U.S. This for understanding long-term glass zirconate-titanate-based ceramics includes technology evaluation, corrosion. McCloy is chair of and lead-free piezoelectric ceram- new business proposal creation, ACerS Art, Archaeology, & Con- ics. He has a master’s degree in contract negotiations, new prod- servation Sciences Division, a science from the Graduate School uct development, and customer member of the Nuclear & Envi- of Science, Osaka University and partner relationship manage- ronmental Technology Division, (Osaka, Japan). His main achievement. He also develops partnering served as conference chair of the ment is fabricating potassium relationships with hospitals, clini- Glass & Optical Materials Division, sodium niobate-based multilayer cians, universities, start-up com- and chair of ACerS Bulletin Edito- piezoelectric ceramics co-fired panies, incubators, collaborators, rial Advisory Board. with nickel inner electrodes. and other related organizations. He has a bachelor’s degree in materi- Naoya Shibata Yosuke Takahashi als science and engineering from Atomic-scale under- Development of Pennsylvania State University (State standing of ceramic ceramics and glass College). n interfaces by ad- materials for solid vanced electron oxide fuel cell and microscopy oxygen permeable Shibata Takahashi membrane

24 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 ACerS Award Lectures All award lectures will be held at The Greater Columbus Convention Center ACERS/EPDC ARTHUR L. FRIEDBERG CERAMIC ENGINEERING TUTORIAL AND LECTURE Monday, October 15, 2018 | 9–10 a.m. | Room: A111/112 Jennifer A. Lewis, Wyss Professor for Biologically Inspired Engineering in the Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute at Harvard University (Cambridge, Mass.) Digital assembly of colloidal suspensions, gels and foams

Jennifer A. Lewis holds an Sc.D. degree in ceramic science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). She is an ACerS Fellow and has received ACerS Sosman Award and the Cements Division’s S. Brunauer Award. Her research focuses on programmable assembly of functional, structural, and biological materials. Lewis is a member of ACerS Basic Science Division. n

EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE MS&T PLENARY SESSION Tuesday, October 16, 2018 | 8–10:40 a.m. | Room: Union Station B Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; director, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut (Hartford). Regenerative engineering: Materials in convergence

Cato T. Laurencin has a Ph.D. in biochemical engineering/biotechnology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge) and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School (Cambridge, Mass.). Laurencin has received ACerS Rustum Roy Lecture Award. A Lifetime Member, Laurencin is a member of ACerS Bioceramics and Engineering Ceramics Divisions. n

ACERS FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY–RUSTUM ROY LECTURE Tuesday, October 16, 2018 | 1–2 p.m. | Room: A111/112 David L. Morse, executive vice president and chief technology officer, Corning Inc. (Corning, N.Y.) Imagination and innovation in the land of machines

David L. Morse has a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge). He is responsible for leading Corning’s global research, development and engineering organizations, the corporate new product and process innovation portfolio, and the creation of new growth drivers for the company. Morse belongs to ACerS Glass and Optical Materials Division. n

BASIC SCIENCE DIVISION ROBERT B. SOSMAN AWARD AND LECTURE Wednesday, October 17, 2018 | 1–2 p.m. | Room: A111/112 Jürgen Rödel, professor of ceramics at the Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Lead-free piezoceramics: From local structure to application

Jürgen Rödel has a Ph.D. in materials science from University of California, Berkeley. His research has focused on sintering, mechanical properties, electrical reliability, and lead-free piezoceramics. His current research interests include exploring opportunities of tuning functional properties of ceramics by applied stress or by introducing dislocation networks. Rödel is a member of ACerS Basic Science and Electronics Divisions. n

ACERS GOMD ALFRED R. COOPER AWARD SESSION Tuesday, October 16, 2018 | 2–4:40 p.m. | Room: D144/145 COOPER DISTINGUISHED LECTURE PRESENTATION 2018 ALFRED R. COOPER YOUNG SCHOLAR AWARD Tanguy Rouxel, University of Rennes 1, France Ricardo F. Lancelotti, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), A Multiscale Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Glass Brazil Abstract title to come

Check matscitech.org for latest updates.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 25 Credit: ACerS

Keramos holds its Annual Convocation and business meeting in conjunction with MS&T.

eramos, the professional fraternity Keramos Kfor ceramic engineers, was founded by students who felt that ceramic engineers needed a path to professional recognition. The powers a American Ceramic Society, founded around the same time as Keramos, focused on addressing the scientific needs of the nascent ceramic engi- bright future neering profession. Students formed Keramos to help achieve the same professional recogni- with its deep tion for ceramic engineering that other engineering fields enjoyed. Keramos’ mission —“To promote and emphasize scholarship and char- history acter in the thoughts of students, to stimulate mental development, and to promote interest in By Kevin Fox the professional aspects of ceramic engineering, technology, and science”—still applies today. The first professional fraternity for ceramic engineers, Beta Pi A revitalized Keramos introduces students at all levels to the Kappa, was founded at the Ohio State University in 1902. The ceramic and glass engineering profession. first, or alpha, chapter of Keramos was founded at the University of Illinois in 1915. Eventually Beta Pi Kappa and other Greek letter organizations merged to establish Keramos as a national organization in 1932. Arthur Frederick Greaves-Walker was elected as the

26 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 first national president, with chapters sion, including Alfred University, competing in academic competitions, at the University of Illinois, The Ohio Clemson University, Colorado School tutoring, tours of ceramic and glass cor- State University, North Carolina State of Mines, Missouri University of porations, organizing lunch-and-learns, University, and Alfred University. Science and Technology, Pennsylvania and hosting guest speakers. This past Keramos grew quickly by initiat- State University, Rutgers, University year, several chapters helped judge local ing new members at existing chapters, of Arizona, University of Illinois, and elementary school science fairs. Keramos establishing new chapters, and elect- University of Washington. Most recent- members provided feedback on the scien- ing honorary members. More than 15 ly, Colorado School of Mines students tific method and helped promote young Keramos chapters were founded across founded a chapter in 2016. students’ excitement in science. the United States. Chapter activities Keramos has inducted more than Keramos enjoys a close relationship fluctuated with ceramic engineering 10,000 members over its 100+ year his- with the American Ceramic Society. This curricula and transitions to materials tory. Members are found throughout the year, the Ceramic and Glass Industry science. Keramos successfully fulfilled ceramic and glass industries, government Foundation (CGIF) began a partnership its mission to provide professional rec- labs, and academia. Professionalism and with Keramos to expand student chapter ognition by establishing the Institute service are the focus of Keramos, and its activities. Chapters may apply for an of Ceramic Engineers (later NICE, student chapters are the driving force. annual grant from CGIF to support out- now the Education and Professional Keramos students log hundreds of hours reach activities on campus and at local Development Council) and work with each year promoting ceramic and glass schools. The first round of grant applica- the Engineers Council for Professional sciences as a profession. Their efforts tions in early 2018 generated some novel Development (now ABET). include outreach events at local schools, and creative methods for spreading the Today nine active Keramos chap- hosting exhibitions in their university word about ceramic engineering to the ters carry forward the Keramos mis- departments, community service projects, future work force. For example, The Keramos ceramic mug drop The Ceramic Mug Drop Competition has been a highlight of ACerS Annual Meeting for decades. Sponsored by Keramos with the support of Material Advantage, the competition offers students a chance to demonstrate their skill in fabricating a ceramic mug that can survive drops from increasing heights. The competition typically draws entrants from a dozen or more schools, with more than 100 spectators gathering to watch the action. Keramos students designed the contest rules to highlight the strength and durability of ceramic materials overcoming the common notion of brittleness as a design limitation. Mugs must be designed and built by students, consist

entirely of ceramic or glass materials, contain Credit: ACerS no store-bought parts, have a useful handle, Keramos organizes some of MS&T’s most visible and entertaining student activities, the and meet size and volume requirements. The annual Keramos ceramic mug drop and disc golf competitions. Brian Gilmore emcees entire mug must be fired as a single body, with the 2016 competition with aesthetic competition mugs in the foreground. no pieces attached after firing. During the competition, mugs are dropped outside the conference center, and the mugs choices in pursuing ceramic and glass sciences,” from increasing heights until failure. The first survived! Difficulty breaking geopolymer mugs Katie Gann, Colorado School of Mines, says. forced a rule change; mugs must now be fired drop height is 30 cm, and heights increase in Building on the success of the mug drop at a temperature of 1,000°C or more. 15 cm increments. Some top performing mugs competition, Keramos students developed the have survived drops of 210 cm and more! As In addition to drop strength, mugs are also ceramic disc golf competition a few years ago. one might imagine, failures from drops of these judged for their aesthetics. Recent winners in This contest combines skill fabricating discs heights can be spectacular. this category have highlighted students’ skills in using ceramic materials with skill throwing Geopolymer mugs developed by the University glazing and glass blowing. Thankfully, contest discs to a goal at distances up to 9 meters. of Illinois Keramos Chapter dominated the rules do not require that mugs competing in the Be sure to check out the mug drop and ceram- contest for a few years. The mugs routinely aesthetics category submit to the drop contest. ic disc golf competitions during the exhibition survived drops of more than 5 meters. During “Being able to witness Keramos’s presence at at MS&T’18 on Tuesday, Oct. 16, in Columbus, the ACerS meeting in 2005, Keramos resorted the conferences, especially the excitement the Ohio. Check schedule details at to dropping the Illinois mugs from a balcony competitions elicit, helps to reaffirm students’ www.matscitech.org. n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 27 Keramos powers a bright future with its deep history

Colorado School of Mines Keramos glass industry is an invaluable experience. almost all the fraternity’s funds on sup- Chapter plans to host a High School Attending the Annual Convocation and porting student travel to the MS&T Materials Science Demo Day, bringing business meeting shows delegates that we conference, with a small amount going local students to the campus for a tour do have a hand in shaping the organiza- to professional recognition such as the and ceramics and glass demos including tion as a whole,” Katie Gann, student at Outstanding Chapter Award. In other the new hot glass shop. The Missouri Colorado School of Mines, says. words, all funds support student engage- S&T Keramos Chapter will purchase ment in the ceramic and glass profession! cotton candy machines to demonstrate Beyond the student experience You can stay in touch with Keramos (edible) fiberglass production. Students members of Keramos need through our newsletter, the Keragram. Locally, Keramos students do an excel- your support for their continued success. It’s available on the Keramos page at lent job promoting ceramics and glass. Professionals in industry, government www.ceramics.org/classes/keramos At a national level, the Keramos Board labs, and academia can support Keramos and distributed by email. The Keramos of Directors students by page also has every chapter’s annual works to bring offering to reports, so it’s a great place to check up students together “To promote and emphasize scholarship visit a chapter on your home chapter. at the ACerS and character in the thoughts of students, as a guest Anyone, regardless of Keramos mem- Annual Meeting to stimulate mental development, and to speaker, pro- bership, is welcome to join the Keramos and MS&T viding a tour Annual Convocation on the Sunday Conference. This promote interest in the professional of your facil- morning prior to the MS&T conference. exposes students aspects of ceramic engineering, ity, and help- The Convocation highlights activities to the ceramics technology, and science.” ing students and accomplishments of all chapters. and glass profes- understand Each year a “career speaker” is selected sion at national –the mission of Keramos more about to provide a comprehensive view of his and interna- opportunities or her career in ceramics and glass, pro- tional levels and available in viding important lessons and suggestions give them an opportunity to interact careers in ceramics and glass. for students as they prepare to graduate. with peers during the Keramos Annual As a Keramos member, keeping up Convocation, as well as to network with your annual dues (only $10!) or About the author with professionals and future employ- providing additional donations will help Kevin Fox is fellow engineer at ers throughout the conference. “Often, students at your alma mater and other Savannah River National Laboratory and MS&T is the first conference many Keramos chapters. You can do this via past president/herald of Keramos. Contact Keramos members attend—getting to see the Keramos page at www.ceramics.org. him at [email protected]. n the community within the ceramics and The Board of Directors concentrates

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ne of the most practical

Credit: Garay, UCSD Ogoals of materials processing is fabricating materials for use in devices. The clear majority of ceramics used in industrial applications are free- sintered continuously in tunnel furnaces or in large batch furnaces. Pressure-assisted techniques such as hot pressing (HP) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are ubiquitous for applications where very low porosity is essential. Because of excellent temperature, heating/cooling rate, and pressure control, current-activated pressure-assisted 1,2 Figure 1. Current-activated pressure-assisted densification densification (CAPAD) has emerged as a reliable (CAPAD) machine at University of California, San Diego. method for attaining dense materials. Interest from CAPAD offers excellent control of temperature, heating/ cooling rate, and pressure processing parameters, making the academic community is widespread, and it is it a reliable method for attaining dense materials. increasingly important in industrial settings. Sintering efficiency, as measured by significantly lower temperatures and processing times, is often cited as CAPAD’s primary advan- By Y. Kodera, A. D. Dupuy, E. H. Penilla, and J. E. Garay tage. However, efficiency by itself is not enough to truly compete with continuous or large batch processes for traditional ceramics. The true promise is the ability to reliably and reproducibly fabricate materials with unique nano/microstructures and metastable phase content, i.e., for making materials that are difficult to make by more conventional techniques. Current-activated pressure-assisted sintering shows promise Here we briefly discuss our ongoing efforts using CAPAD to make for densifying novel, transparent optical oxides. ceramics for useable, novel optical devices at the Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis Lab at University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Specifically, we give examples of optical amplitude modula- tors and laser gain media made from CAPAD fabricated polycrystalline oxides. One of the benefits of functional optical ceramics is that typical sizes of CAPAD fabricated materials are large enough to be used directly in optical devices. Figure 1 shows the CAPAD machine that we use at the UCSD. For many structural applications, a pressing need exists for producing ever larger parts. CAPAD has no fun-

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 29 (a) (b) 0 Light intensity, I/I Light intensity,

Electric field (MV/m) Credit: Dupuy, UCSD Figure 2. (a) Electrooptic amplitude modulator based on a BXT ceramic synthesized via CAPAD. (b) Light Intensity–Voltage characteristics of a BXT amplitude modulator. damental limit to scale-up, but there are A relatively common way of achieving extensively for light modulation. EO some practical challenges to overcome. high transparency is free sintering followed materials such as lithium niobate (LN) by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) or hot press- can be used for optical-beam deflec- Transparent ceramics ing followed by HIP. These methods work tion, giant optical pulse generation, Polycrystalline, optically translucent extremely well for isotropic cubic ceram- telecommunication optical switching, ceramics have received attention both ics but are less effective for anisotropic Q-switching, and mode-locking of lasers. technologically and fundamentally since ceramics because it is often to difficult to Good EO materials often have excellent Coble’s ground breaking work showed achieve very fine grain sizes. In randomly ferroelectric properties. Inspired by prom- that polycrystalline alumina can be sin- oriented polycrystalline ceramics there ising ferroelecric properties6,7 of the lead- tered to translucency,3 leading to exten- is light scattering even in the absence of free material, (1–x)Ba(Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8)O3–x(Ba sive application of sodium vapor lamp porosity because each neighboring grain 0.7 Ca 0.3)TiO3 (called BZT-BCT or BXT), technology. The chemical and tempera- presents a discontinuity in refractive index. we worked on introducing transparency ture resistance coupled with mechanical Fortunately, scattering can be minimized to the system. BXT has been studied robustness makes ceramics attractive for by reducing grain size.4,5 extensively for piezoelectric applications, demanding applications compared to Electrooptic modulator but it is commonly opaque, making it a more widely used optical materials like Electrooptic (EO) materials are used candidate for CAPAD processing. glasses and single crystals. BXT is a barium titanate based solid solution with Ca substituted on the Ba Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis sublattice and Zr doped on the Ti sublattice. BXT has high optical anisotropy, con- (AMPS) Lab at UC San Diego taining uniaxial (two different refractive AMPS Lab research focuses on advanced material processing and synthesis with particular indices) and biaxial (three different refrac- emphasis on designing the micro/nano-structure of materials for property optimization. The lab tive indices) crystal structures, which make has in-house property measurement and device design capabilities, allowing seamless integration it relatively difficult to achieve transpar- between materials design and evaluation of material performance in devices. On the fundamental ency. Our approach was to develop a new side, current research emphasizes the understanding of the role of length scales (nano/microstructure) on light, heat, and magnetism. On the applied side, we are developing materials for next powder synthesis route that can be cal- generation optical devices, magnetic devices, and thermal energy storage. n cined and densified at significantly lower temperatures.8 The new processing route produces ceramics with very low porosity and fine grains resulting in transparency. EO coefficients were substantially higher than state-of-the-art materials like LN and lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT). Figure 2a shows a picture of a BXT based amplitude modulator. Because BXT’s EO properties outperform other materials, this optical device can be oper- ated at a substantially lower voltage than competing devices.8 Figure 2b shows light modulating (intensity increasing) as electric field is increased. Measurements so AMPS Lab group with director Javier E. Garay (front left). far show that the EO device works at least

30 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 (b) (a) up to 10 kHz. We attribute this large EO effect to the coexistence of phases with different optical symmetries through a combination of efficient domain switching and phase conversion. Laser gain media Lasers are used in an increasingly important range of medical, scientific and industrial applications. Encouraged by pioneering work on cubic (optically isotropic) yttrium alumina garnet (YAG) ceramics that demonstrated lasing per- (c) formance rivaling their single-crystal counterparts,9 we decided to work on extending the materials palate available for lasing ceramics to noncubic (anisotropic) ceramics. In most solid-state laser designs, the maximum allowable power scales directly with the thermal conductivity, k, of the gain media, so that a 10-fold increase in k translates to a 10 times more powerful laser. Figure 3. (a) CAPAD-produced bulk, Specifically, we worked on making rare transparent, polycrystalline Nd:Al O . 10,11 2 3 earth doped Al2O3 because alumina (b) Schematic design of optical gain has substantially better thermomechani- device with Nd:Al2O3 and (c) labora- cal properties than state of the art YAG. tory prototype of optical gain device.

Recently,11 we introduced a powder Credit: Penilla, UCSD processing route in conjunction with sin- ant distances—are applicable to many 5E. H. Penilla, C. L. Hardin, Y. Kodera, S. A. Basun, D. gle-step CAPAD reaction/densification to R. Evans and J. E. Garay, “The role of scattering and other oxides and nitrides and carbides. absorption on the optical properties of birefringent poly- produce transparent bulk polycrystalline Thus, CAPAD should be an avenue for crystalline ceramics: Modeling and experiments on ruby (Cr:Al O )” Journal of Applied Physics (2016) 119, 023106 Nd:Al O with Nd incorporated at con- 2 3 2 3 producing laser ceramics that were not (DOI: 10.1063/1.4939090) centrations that are two to three orders of previously considered. 6W. Liu, X. Ren, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 1 magnitude greater than possible with melt 7M. Acosta, N. Novak, V. Rojas, S. Patel, R. Vaish, J. based techniques. The ceramics have high About the authors Koruza, G.A. Rossetti, J. Rödel, Appl. Phys. Rev. (2017) 4 transmission at both the pumping and Y. Kodera is research scientist (research 041305 emission wavelength, which makes inver- faculty) at the Advanced Materials 8A. D. Dupuy, Y. Kodera and J. E. Garay, “Unprecedented electro-optic performance in lead-free transparent ceram- sion population and gain possible. Figure Processing and Synthesis (AMPS) Lab at ics” Advanced Materials, (2016) 28, 7970–7977 (DOI: 3a shows a ceramic sample on top of a University of California, San Diego., E. 10.1002/adma.201600947) coin, demonstrating transparency. We H. Penilla is a post-doctoral researcher at 9A. Ikesue, Y. L. Aung, T. Yoda, S. Nakayama, T. measured the optical gain of the ceramics UCSD. A.D. Dupuy recently earned his Kamimura, Optical Mater., (2007) 29 1289– 1294 10 using a single pass set-up to prove their Ph.D. with the group. J.E. Garay is profes- E. H. Penilla, Y. Kodera and J. E. Garay, “Blue-green emission in terbium doped alumina (Tb:Al2O3) transpar- viability as laser gain materials. Figure 3a sor at UCSD and directs the AMPS Lab. ent ceramics” Advanced Functional Materials (2013) 23, and 3b show the schematic and prototype Contact Garay at [email protected]. 6036–6043(DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201300906). optical gain device. Interestingly, the 11E. H. Penilla, L. F. Devia-Cruz, M. A. Duarte, C. L. Hardin, Y. Kodera, and J. E. Garay, “Gain in polycrystal- emission bandwidth is higher than previ- References line Nd-doped alumina: Leveraging length scales to create ously developed Nd-doped media. Wide 1U. Anselmi-Tamburini and J. Groza, “Critical assessment: a new class of high-energy, short pulse, tunable laser mate- electrical field/current application – a revolution in materials” Light: Science & Applications, (2018) 7 (DOI:10.1038/ bandwidths can be used for building tun- rials processing/sintering?” Materials Science and Technology, s41377-018-0023-z) able lasers and for producing short pulses. 2017, Vol. 33, No. 16, 1855–1862 Moreover, the significantly higher ther- 2J. E. Garay, “Current Activated Pressure Assisted Acknowledgments momechanical properties of Nd:Al O Densification of Materials,” Annual Reviews of Materials 2 3 Research (2010), 40, 445-468 We thank C. Hardin for the gain promises a significantly higher duty cycle 3R. L. Coble, Transparent Alumina and Method of schematic. The EO work was funded and peak power. Preparation 1962, US Patent 3026210 by the NSF with L. Madsen as program We note, too, that these strategies 4Y. Kodera, C.L. Hardin and J.E. Garay, “Transmitting, director. The laser gain work was funded based on tailoring the crystallite size emitting and controlling light: Processing of transparent by the HEL-JTO through the ARO with ceramics using current-activated pressure-assisted densifica- to other important length scales—the tion” Scripta Materialia (2013), 69, 149–154. M. Bakas as program manager. n wavelength of light and interatomic dop-

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 31 Sintering of nanopowders—The dream not (or partially) coming true

It did not take long for the community to realize the picture is more complicated (see diagram). Nanoparticles are highly reactive and absorb all sorts of molecules on their surfaces to reduce the excess energies coming from unsatisfied chemical bonds and bonding coordination.

Molecules such as H2O, CO2, SO4, and other chemicals commonly found in the synthetic environment reduce the surface energy, hence the driving force for densification. In addition to negatively acting on the thermodynamics of the process, those chemicals will be released during sintering in the form of gases, causing residual porosities that are generally difficult to remove. Although one could use such

reactivity—with H2O in particular—to exploit mechanisms such as cold sintering (where the surface of the particle is partially dissolved and recrystallized), for most conventional sintering this is a critical problem and addressed by diligently cleaning the surface of the particles Major challenges and using degassing procedures before sintering. peculiarities related to However, some of those chemicals are strongly the usage of nano- bonded to the surface and require elevated tem- powders in sintering. peratures to remove. For example, CO2 reacts with the surface of magnesium and magnesium aluminate oxides to form carbonates, which can By Ricardo H. R. Castro only be decomposed above 1,100°C. At such high temperature, coarsening is unavoidable, which compromises Surface reactivity of nanopowders complicates sintering to dense nanostructural features. nanoscale grain structure. The high surface reactivity of nanoparticles also results in undesirable agglomeration and aggregation of powders. he advent of nanoparticles caught sig- During synthesis, calcination, or other processing step, nanoparticles can easily form solid-solid interfaces to Tnificant attention from the sintering reduce the total energy of the system. Such interfaces can community looking for lowering sintering tem- have different nature, ranging from weak van der Waals interactions to strong aggregates that behave as presintered peratures of ceramics. In principle, nanoparticles structures. Therefore, it is actually very difficult to find have high surface areas and, according to the most nanoparticles that are indeed one single crystal with dimen- accepted sintering theories, the driving force for sions in the nanoscale. Most commonly, those nanocrystals aggregate in particles that may or may not have nanosized densification relies on the curvatures of the parti- dimensions. Such particles are still composed of nanocrys- cles and their surface energies. The excess of both tals, but the total excess energy, and therefore the driving force for sintering, is largely reduced. An alternative way leads one to expect pronounced sintering when to reduce agglomeration, or at least avoid the strong aggre- substituting microsized particles by those with sizes gates, is to use powder synthesis methods that use low tem- at the nanoscale. Researchers hoped more pro- peratures and solvents that prevent agglomeration during drying (such as the classic example of the effect of water on nounced densification with shorter sintering times zirconia nanoparticles). could potentially retain nanoscale grain sizes in An additional but unexpected problem from sintering nanoparticles relates to a more fundamental problem the final sintered body and result in, for example, with the accepted sintering theory. The driving force for improved mechanical strength. sintering is the difference in curvature radius between the

32 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 necks formed when particles touch each conventional pressureless sintering. The from the surface pre-absorbed molecules.6 other and the surface of the particles apparent connection between the need This is not to say that the sample cannot themselves. In deriving phenomenologi- for (at least limited) growth to achieve be sintered to full density without degas- cal equations, the underlying assumption densification of nanoparticles compro- sing, as has been shown several times in is that the difference in between those mises the smallest grain sizes that can be the literature, but clean surfaces are neces- radii is so large that the neck radius is achieved in the final sintered product.1 sary to achieve small grain sizes by keeping deemed negligible. While this is a reason- Sintering additives that segregate to grain the sintering time the shortest, i.e., with- able assumption for microscale particles, boundaries and pin, either kinetically or out unnecessary holding times to eliminate a common neck radius can measure up to thermodynamically, the movement of residual porosities from the evolved gases. a few nanometers, suggesting that below boundaries in the final stage of sinter- In truth, the recent efforts to under- 10nm, there is effectively no driving force ing are certainly candidates to improve stand the impact of physical chemistry enhancement as one could expect.1 conventional sintering of nanocrystalline of interfaces and powder condition on This aspect connects to an addi- dense ceramics. However, maintain- processing enabled much progress on tional peculiarity of sintering of ceramic ing sizes in the 10–20nm range in truly the control of sintering of nanoparticles. nanoparticles. Although thermodynam- fully dense samples is more realistically Significant challenges are, however, ics of interfaces is relevant for sintering obtained using pressure assisted processes still at hand by academia and industry, of microsized particles, the fact that such as spark plasma sintering (SPS). in particular when considering more a much larger fraction of the atomic The effect of pressure has been complex processing techniques such as volume in nanoparticles is located at studied for many years in the sintering additive manufacturing. However, the the interfacial regions implies a more community, and the results are gener- search for ceramics with smaller grain relevant role in defining microstruc- ally positive in achieving high densities. sizes and novel functionalities makes tural evolution of nanopowders. From However, pressure alone does not reduce mandatory the choice of nanopowders as an energetic perspective, sintering is grain growth potential, and smaller grain the starting material, encouraging us to a process of surface elimination and sizes are obtained with pressure mostly further pursue this processing science to grain boundary formation (followed by because it allows lower processing tem- uncover the technological potentials. elimination by grain growth). Therefore, peratures, which limit the activation of if the grain boundary energy is lower, coarsening. Because sintering time and About the author and the surface energy is high, one can temperature are the two major regulators Ricardo H. R. Castro is professor expect more densification with limited of grain growth during sintering, SPS of materials science and engineering at grain growth taking place. In fact, it is offers significant benefits over regular University of California, Davis. Contact not uncommon to assume this a favor- hot pressing process. Also known by a Castro at [email protected]. able thermodynamic condition for den- number of other names, such as CAPAD sification in most ceramic systems, but (current-activated pressure-assisted den- Acknowledgements recent experimental thermodynamic data sification) or FAST (field-assisted sinter- This work was supported by NSF show this is not often true, and interfa- ing), the benefits of SPS to sintering of DMR Ceramics 1609781, Lynnette cial thermodynamic engineering by using ceramics have been systematically shown Madsen, program director. dopants can really allow major improve- to be related to the very rapid heating References ments in the control of sintering. This rates and high applied pressures,4 at least 1Castro, R.H.R. and D. Gouvêa, “Sintering and simplistic approach has been shown in the cases of insulating ceramics. In Nanostability: The Thermodynamic Perspective,” Journal of effective on the design of sintering of SPS, dies are conductive and constitute the American Ceramic Society, 2016. 99(4): p. 1105-1121 nanopowders of zirconia, for example.2,3 the heating elements themselves through 2Li, H., S. Dey, and R.H.R. Castro, “Kinetics and thermodynamics of densification and grain growth: Insights from lan- This literature suggests, however, that which a high current density is passed to thanum doped zirconi,” Acta Materialia, 2018. 150: p. 394-402 while having a favorable interfacial ther- cause high heating rates. Because the die 3Li, H., F.L. Souza, and R.H.R. Castro, “Kinetic and thermodynamics is a necessary condition for is in contact with the sample, the heat modynamic effects of manganese as a densification aid in densification to occur in nanoparticles, rapidly transfers to the sample that is yttria-stabilized zirconia,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018. 38 (4): p. 1750-1759 it is not a sufficient one because atomic also under pressure. Up to 2GPa can be 4Guillon, O., J. Gonzalez-Julian, B. Dargatz, T. Kessel, 5 mobility must take place to allow mass applied, depending on the die material. G. Schierning, J. Räthel, and M. Herrmann, “Field- transport towards the formation of Application of SPS to nanopowders can Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments,” boundaries and porosity elimination. indeed deliver ultrafine nanocrystalline Advanced Engineering Materials, 2014. 16(7): p. 830-849. This mobility leads to the necessary mass ceramics. However, the topics discussed 5Bokov, A., S. Zhang, L. Feng, S.J. Dillon, R. Faller, and redistribution, but if not well controlled regarding the implications of utilizing R.H.R. Castro, “Energetic design of grain boundary networks for toughening of nanocrystalline oxides,” Journal of can lead to undesirable grain growth. nanoparticles in sintering must be taken the European Ceramic Society, 2018. 38(12): p. 4260-4267. Although the understanding of sinter- into account for effective densification and 6Muche, N.F., J. Drazin, J. Mardinly, S. Dey, and R.H.R. ing of nanopowders has largely improved growth inhibition. For example, when sin- Castro, “Colossal Grain Boundary Strengthening in in the past decades, maintaining the grain tering magnesium aluminate nanoparticles Ultrafine Nanocrystalline Oxides,” Materials Letters, 2017. 186: p. 298-300. ■ sizes at the nanoscale during and after by SPS, a critical step is the degassing of sintering is still a major challenge for the sample to eliminate deleterious effects

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 33 Indentation fracture toughness: A review and application

By Costandino Relias and Doug Ngai provide accurate, consistent results. However, these tests must have a designated specimen Vickers indentation eliminates the need for standardized geometry and use with specific test equip- samples to determine fracture toughness of brittle materials. ment. In contrast, the indentation fracture The key is to select the correct system of equations to toughness (IFT), KIc, test method does not calculate fracture toughness from crack morphology. have significant restraint to specimen size or geometry; the specimen, typically, only requires a scratch-free, 1μm surface finish. The ease of testing and low financial cost of the indentation fracture method compared racture toughness (KIc) is an intrinsic Fmaterial property that defines how well to standardized methods makes it a preferred a material resists fracture. The standardized choice for estimating fracture toughness of 1 testing methods for K involve creating a brittle materials. Ic The indentation fracture toughness testing uses cracks ema- small crack in a fracture toughness test speci- nating from Vickers hardness indents to estimate the material’s men and propagating the crack under an KIc. These cracks are formed when high load Vickers indentation is applied to the test specimen. The ideal crack profile has applied load. Examples of standardized meth- one crack protruding from each corner of the indent, as shown ods for ceramics and brittle materials include: in Figure 1. If there are multiple cracks and/or uneven crack lengths, then the indent would not be suitable for K estima- the chevron-notched beam (CNB), single-edge Ic tion. An example of a poor crack profile is shown in Figure 2. precracked beam (SEPB), and the surface When an ideal indent is created, a multitude of equations crack in flexure (SCF) methods.1 These meth- may be considered to calculate fracture toughness from the crack length information. These equations originate from ods are described in ASTM C1421, and when different experimental studies and will be discussed later. performed in accordance with standards, they Unfortunately, no single equation can measure fracture tough-

34 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Figure 1. A 98N Vickers indent in Si3N4 with ideal cracks. Figure 2. A 98N Vickers indent in Si3N4 with irregular cracking not suitable for K calculation. ness accurately for a variety of different 1C materials; thus, a standardized method of performing indentation fracture toughness testing has not been established.1,2,3

Crack systems and fracture toughness equations With Vickers indentation fracture toughness testing, two possible crack systems may be considered. These two crack systems are Palmqvist cracks and Median cracks. The type of crack formed depends on the material and indentation load, with Figure 3. Crack profile comparison.4 the Palmqvist cracks forming at low loads or in high fracture toughness materials while the Median cracks fitting of experimental form under opposite conditions.4,5 The Palmqvist crack system data. The formation of consists of four cracks that initiate at the corners of the Vickers Median cracks is consid- indent and stay close to the material’s surface. In contrast, the ered to be equivalent to a Median crack system has a half-penny profile which contains center loaded crack at the Figure 4. Defined lengths of Vickers indent and cracks.6 two cracks that extend under the indent.5 These two crack sys- indent, while Palmqvist tems are depicted in Figure 3. cracks are equivalent to a 7 Because these crack systems appear the same from the semi-infinite crack loaded at each indent corner. This difference surface, the only way to verify the actual crack system is to in modeling results in the variance in the equation form between examine the cross section of the indent. This is not feasible the crack systems. Below are the most widely used indentation when performing indentation fracture toughness testing, so fracture toughness equations for each crack system. the c/a ratio was developed to determine which crack system is Palmqvist crack system equations formed with each indent. The value c is the radius of the half- Shetty equation8 K = 0.04285 1/(1–v2 ) (HP/l)1/2 penny crack, a is the indent half-diagonal and is the average Ic Niihara equation7 K = 0.0123 (E/H)2/5 (HP/l)1/2 crack length. These values are used in the indentation fracture Ic toughness equations and correspond to the lengths shown Median crack system equations in Figure 4. According to Niihara, when c/a > 2.5 the crack 7 9 1/2 3/2 is assumed to be Median and below 2.5 it will be Palmqvist. Anstis equation KIc = 0.016 (E/H) (P/c ) Other studies have shown that there is a transition period 7 2/5 3/2 Niihara equation KIc = 0.0309 (E/H) (P/c ) 5 where the crack has a possibility of being both. The general Miyoshi equation10 K = 0.018 (E/H)1/2 (P/c3/2) rule is that if c/a > 2.5 then the crack system is most likely to Ic be Median; while, if c/a < 2, then it is most likely Palmqvist. If E = Young’s Modulus (GPa) it is in between, it could be either depending on the material. H = Hardness (GPa) Determining the crack system is important for indentation P = Indent force (N) –3 fracture toughness calculations, as it regulates which equation l = Average crack length (10 m) –4 should be applied. The origin of many indentation fracture c = Average length (10 m) toughness equations is based on fracture mechanics analysis and v = Poisson’s Ratio

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 35 Indentation fracture toughness: A review and application

The Anstis and Miyoshi equations use the same basic form, based off a center loaded half-penny crack.9 The difference between these two equations is its respective constant, which is determined by fitting the equation with experimental data. Material choice Equations Anstis used various ceramic materials to fit to the equation, while the Miyoshi equation was mainly focused on silicon AIN Niihara (Median) nitride. The Niihara equations have a slightly different form because they are based on curve fitted behavior, not crack models. Niihara has two equations because they determined from SiC Anstis Ceramic the fitting of experimental data sets for Palmqvist and Median Materials 7 cracks separately. The other Palmqvist crack equation used to WC-Co and other estimate fracture toughness is the Shetty equation. This equa- cemented Shetty tion uses Poisson’s ratio instead of Young’s Modulus and is carbides based off a wedge loaded two dimensional through crack.8 Si3N4, Al2O3, and any other Miyoshi Indentation fracture toughness application materials The concern with using indentation fracture toughness to estimate K is that for every situation and material, different Figure 5. Diagram showing the equations that are suitable for Ic 3 2,3 equations need to be evaluated and considered. When per- the various variety of ceramic materials including: AlN, SiC, WC-Co,4,11 Si N ,3 Al O ,3 and any others. forming indentation fracture toughness testing on a general 3 4 2 3 ceramic material, Miyoshi’s equation has shown to provide is examining the fracture toughness of a material with different a rough correlation with actual fracture toughness values alloying elements or composition changes. This type of experi- for most ceramics.3 According to Miyazaki and Yoshizawa, mentation and assessment is shown in Soleimanpour, et al., Miyoshi’s equation tends to underestimate fracture toughness for WC-Co cemented carbides.11 while Niihara’s equation for Median cracks tends to overesti- mate it.3 The Miyoshi equation is for Median crack systems, so Silicon nitride indentation fracture toughness a sufficiently high load is required to ensure c/a > 2.5. If the experimental tests c/a > 2.5 ratio is not attainable, a c/a ratio greater than 2 will A 3M silicon nitride specimen with a reference fracture be adequate for most scenarios. toughness value of 6 MPa∙m–2 was used to demonstrate effec- Some materials provide more accurate indentation fracture tiveness of the indentation fracture toughness method and toughness results and have a specified equation that is more provides an example of how each equation relates to one applicable. For example, when testing Si3N4, using Miyoshi’s another. A piece of Si3N4 material was sectioned, mounted, equation shows good correlation with actual fracture tough- and polished in preparation for the testing. After specimen ness values and provides an accurate estimation.1,3 Two other preparation, the indentation fracture toughness testing was ceramic materials that have received notable attention are performed using a Buehler VH3100 automated hardness tes- WC-Co and SiC. Multiple studies using indentation fracture ter, integrated with Diamet software, v1.7. Three loads were toughness on WC-Co cemented carbides have concluded that used for testing (29.4, 49, 98 N) and five tests were performed Shetty’s equation provided the best fit with actual fracture for each load. toughness values.4,11 WC-Co cemented carbides are materi- Figure 6 and Table 1 show the indentation fracture tough- als with a high fracture toughness, so the Palmqvist crack ness values calculated using each equation for Median and system forms in most scenarios. Therefore, KIc calculations Palmqvist crack models. The Palmqvist crack equations show a using Median crack system equations will be inaccurate. SiC is load dependence of the fracture toughness values which implies another popular ceramic material tested significantly with the that the Palmqvist model does not fit with Si3N4 material and indentation fracture toughness method. In most cases, using the Palmqvist equations should not be used calculating Si3N4 the Miyoshi equation with SiC will result in an overestimation IFT value. In contrast, the Median crack equations show no of fracture toughness and studies have shown that the Anstis load dependence, and the fracture toughness values calculated 1,2,3 equation provides the most accurate KIc value. Figure 5 is a by the Miyoshi equation are very close to the reference value guide to select the proper equation based on material. of 6 MPa∙m–2. These experimental results agree with the earlier Comparative testing is another way to utilize the indenta- conclusions that the Miyoshi equation is best for estimating tion fracture toughness method. The indentation testing is indentation fracture toughness of silicon nitride. a fast and convenient method to compare various samples’ fracture toughness. Especially those specimens that cannot be Concluding remarks measured by other methods. This comparative testing is best The indentation fracture toughness method is a quick and done with the same type of material and caution should be simple assessment for estimating fracture toughness values. used when comparing different materials that have similar frac- When the test specimen is too small and/or unique in size ture toughness values. A good example of comparative testing to meet standardized fracture toughness methods’ specimen

36 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 ous equations, matching them with the proper material can (a) provide accurate results. More detailed information about how to perform indentation fracture toughness testing will be published in the Jan/Feb 2019 ACerS Bulletin.

About the authors Costandino Relias interned with Buehler in 2016, and Doug Ngai is applications engineer at Buehler, an ITW Company. Contact Doug at [email protected].

References 1G. D. Quinn and R. C. Bradt, “On the Vickers Indentation Fracture Toughness Test,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 90, No. 3, pp. 673–680, 2007 2A. Ghosh, Z. Li, C. H. Henager, A. S. Kobayashi, and R. C. Bradt, “Vickers Microindentation Toughness of a Sintered SiC in the Median- Crack Regime,” Fract. Mech. Ceram., Vol. 12, pp. 219–232, 1996 (b) 3H. Miyazaki and Y.-I. Yoshizawa, “Correlation of the indentation fracture resistance measured using high-resolution optics and the fracture toughness obtained by the single edge-notched beam (SEPB) method for typical structural ceramics with various microstructures,” Ceram. Int., Vol. 42, pp. 7873–7876, 2016 4R. Spiegler, S. Schmadder, and L. S. Sigl, “Fracture Toughness Evaluation of WC-Co Alloys by Indentation Testing,” J. Hard Mater., Vol. 1, No. 3, 1990 5Y. Tang, A. Yonezu, N. Ogasawara, N. Chiba, and X. Chen, “On radial crack and half-penny crack induced by Vickers indentation,” Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., Vol. 464, pp. 2967–2984, May 2008 6Z. Li, A. Ghosh, A. S. Kobayashi, and R. C. Bradt, “Indentation Fracture Toughness of Sintered Silicon Carbide in the Palmqvist Crack Regime,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 904–911, 1989 Figure 6. Indentation fracture toughness results of silicon nitride 7K. Niihara, R. Morena, and D. P. H. Hasselman, “Evaluation of K -2 Ic with a reference value of 6 MPa∙m . The error bars represent of brittle solids by the indentation method with low crack-to-indent +/- 1 standard deviation. (a) Results from the median equations ratios,” J. Mater. Sci. Lett., Vol. 1, pp. 13–16, 1982 do not show load dependence for silicon nitride fracture tough- 8 ness value. (b) The Palmqvist equations show load dependency D. K. Shetty, I. G. Wright, P. N. Mincer, and A. H. Clauer, for this material. These results determine that the Palmqvist crack “Indentation fracture of WC-Co cermets,” J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 20, pp. equations should not be used for silicon nitride. 1873–1882, 1985 9G. R. Anstis, P. Chantikul, B. R. Lawn, and D. B. Marshall, “A geometry, IFT is an option to estimate fracture toughness. Even Critical Evaluation of Indentation Techniques for Measuring Fracture though, the application of this method to assess fracture tough- Toughness: I Direct Crack Measurements,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., Vol. 46, ness varies with the selection of equations for different materi- pp. 533–538, 1981 als, it is still a useful tool for certain materials and applications. 10 T. Miyoshi, ‘‘A Study on Evaluation of KIc for Structural Ceramics,’’ The Miyoshi equation is an ideal choice for a variety of ceramic Trans. Jap. Soc. Mech. Eng., Vol. 51A, pp. 2489–2497, 1985 materials and has been shown to give good agreement with ref- 11A. M. Soleimanpour, P. Abachi, and A. Simchi, “Microstructure and erence fracture toughness values for silicon nitride. mechanical properties of WC-10Co cemented carbide containing VC or Indentation fracture toughness is a useful tool for fracture (Ta, Nb)C and fracture toughness evaluation using different models,” toughness estimation. With a good understanding of the vari- Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., Vol. 31, pp. 141–146, 2012. 12Indentation Fracture Toughness Application Guide n

Table 1. Indentation fracture toughness results of silicon nitride with a reference value of 6 MPa•m-2. The Miyoshi equation gave the most accurate fracture toughness values. Indentation load (N) Average diagonal Average crack length, Fracture toughness values half-length, a (µm) l (µm) Antis Miyoshi Niihara Niihara Shetty (median) (median) (median) (Palmqvist) (Palmqvist) 29.4 30.59 ± 0.28 26.80 ± 0.95 4.99 ± 0.12 5.62 ± 0.14 7.10 ± 0.18 5.29 ± 0.10 5.85 ± 0.14 49 39.94 ± 0.27 40.44 ± 0.87 5.08 ± 0.08 5.71 ± 0.09 7.20 ± 0.12 5.54 ± 0.06 6.07 ± 0.08 98 56.53 ± 0.27 71.59 ± 1.30 5.05 ± 0.08 5.68 ± 0.09 7.16 ± 0.11 5.89 ± 0.05 6.45 ± 0.06

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 37 OCTOBER 14 – 18, 2018 | GREATER COLUMBUS CONVENTION CENTER | COLUMBUS, OHIO, USA

WWW.MATSCITECH.ORG Schedule current as of 8.11.2018 REGISTER BEFORE SEPTEMBER 12, 2018 TO SAVE! Now in its 14th year, MS&T brings together 3,000-plus attendees for more than 2,000 presentations, a robust plenary speaker lineup, society based special events, and a collaboration among five leading materials science societies. If you work in ceramics SPECIAL EVENTS and glass, you not only get to network with other materials sci- SUNDAY, OCT 14 entists, but also attend ACerS 120th Annual Meeting. 5 – 6 p.m. MS&T Women in Materials Science The MS&T technical program is unmatched, addressing struc- Reception ture, properties, processing, and performance across the ma- 5 – 7 p.m. ACerS Keramos Reception terials community. MS&T brings together scientists, engineers, 5 – 7 p.m. PCSA Alumni Reception students, suppliers, and business leaders to discuss current research and technical applications, and to shape the future of MONDAY, OCT 15 materials science and technology. 8:30 a.m. – 6 p.m. ACerS Basic Science Division Ceramo- graphic Exhibit and Competition PLENARY LECTURES 1 – 2 p.m. ACerS 120th Annual Membership Meeting TUESDAY, OCT 16, 2018 | 8:00 – 10:40 a.m. 5 – 6 p.m. NEW MS&T Partners’ Welcome Reception ACerS EDWARD ORTON JR. MEMORIAL LECTURE 6:45 – 7:30 p.m. ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Banquet Reception Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; Director, The 7:30 – 10 p.m. ACerS Annual Honor and Awards Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center, The Banquet University of Connecticut, USA TUESDAY, OCT 16 Regenerative Engineering: Materials in 7 a.m. – 6 p.m. ACerS Basic Science Division Ceramo- Convergence graphic Exhibit and Competition AIST ADOLF MARTENS MEMORIAL STEEL LECTURE 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. Exhibition Show Hours 11 a.m. – 1 p.m. General Poster Session with Presenters John G. Speer, FASM, John Henry Moore Professor of Physical Metallurgy at Colorado Noon – 2 p.m. MS&T Food Court School of Mines, and Director of the Advanced 1 – 6 p.m. General Poster Viewing Steel Processing and Products Research Center, 4 – 6 p.m. Exhibitor Networking Reception USA Steel—A Lot to Learn WEDNESDAY, OCT 17 7 a.m. – Noon ACerS Basic Science Division Ceramo- ASM/TMS JOINT DISTINGUISHED LECTURESHIP graphic Exhibit and Competition IN MATERIALS AND SOCIETY 9:30 a.m. – 2 p.m. General Poster Viewing Lynnette D. Madsen, Program Director, National 9:30 a.m. – 2 p.m. Exhibition Show Hours Science Foundation, USA Noon – 2 p.m. MS&T Food Court The Ecosystem of Research, Education, and Community

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38 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 ACerS LECTURES AND AWARDS Join us MONDAY, OCT 15 9 – 10 a.m. MS&T18 for the ACerS/EPDC Arthur L. Friedberg Ceramic Engineering Tutorial and Lecture – Jennifer A. Lewis, Harvard University, USA, Digital th Assembly of Colloidal Suspensions, Gels and Foams ACerS 120 2 – 4:40 p.m. ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award Session – Naoya Shibata, University of Tokyo, Japan, Atomic-scale Annual Meeting Understanding of Ceramic Interfaces by Advanced Electron Microscopy – Yosuke Takahashi, Noritaki Co., Ltd., Japan, Development LEARN WHAT’S GOING ON of Ceramics and Glass Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Oxygen Permeable Membrane IN YOUR INDUSTRY. – Mark D. Waugh, Murata Electronics North America, Inc., USA, Blending Cultures to Achieve Innovation VOICE YOUR OPINION. – Shinichiro Kawanda, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Japan, Potassium Sodium Niobate-based Multilayer Piezo- NETWORK WITH CERAMIC electric Ceramics Co-fired with Nickel Inner Electrodes – John McCloy, Washington State University, USA, AND GLASS COLLEAGUES. Undividing the Discipline: Social Interfaces in Ceramics Science and Engineering YOUR EXPERIENCE INCLUDES: TUESDAY, OCT 16 – ACerS award lectures 8 – 10:40 a.m. – The 120th annual ACerS Membership MS&T PLENARY SESSION Meeting ACerS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture – The ACerS Annual Honor and Awards – Cato T. Laurencin, University Professor and Van Dusen Distinguished Professor; Director, The Raymond and Reception and Banquet Beverly Sackler Center, The University of Connecticut, – ACerS division-led business meetings USA, Regenerative Engineering: Materials in – And more! Convergence 1 – 2 p.m. ACerS Frontiers of Science and Society – Rustum Roy HOTEL INFORMATION Lecture RESERVATION DEADLINE: – David L. Morse, Corning Incorporated, USA, Imagination and Innovation in the Land of Machines SEPTEMBER 15, 2018 For best availability and 2 – 4:40 p.m. immediate confirmation, make your reservation online at ACerS GOMD ALFRED R. COOPER AWARD SESSION www.matscitech.org. Cooper Distinguished Lecture Rooms sell out quickly! – Tanguy Rouxel, University of Rennes 1, France, A Multi- scale Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Glass Hilton Columbus Downtown – ACerS HQ 2018 Alfred R. Cooper Young Scholar Award Presentation US $195 plus tax/night – Ricardo F. Lancelotti, Federal University of São Carlos single or double (UFSCar), Brazil Beware of Room Poachers! Unauthorized third-party companies have been contacting members WEDNESDAY, OCT 17 to get them to reserve hotel rooms. This is a scam! You will NEVER receive a phone call directly from MS&T organizers or vendors on 1 – 2 p.m. their behalf. Please use the links on www.matscitech.org to make a ACerS Basic Science Division Robert B. Sosman Lecture legitimate hotel room reservation. – Jürgen Rödel, Technische Universität Darmstadt, U.S. Government Rate rooms are extremely limited; proof of Germany, Lead-Free Piezoceramics: From Local federal government employment must be shown at check-in or Structures to Application higher rate will be charged. U.S. Government rate is the prevailing government rate. Cancellation: Reservations cancelled less than 72 hours prior to noon of scheduled arrival date will be charged one night rate and tax.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 39 www.ceramics.org/icacc2019 Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center | Daytona Beach, Florida, USA

RD 43 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES Organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society

SAVE THE DATE JAN 27 – FEB 1, 2019 ICACC 2019 will feature 17 symposia, four focused sessions, one special focused session, the Fulrath symposium, and the 8th Global Young Inves- Tentative Schedule of Events tigator Forum. These technical sessions, consisting of both oral and post- Sunday, January 27, 2019 er presentations, will provide an open forum for scientists, researchers, Conference registration 2 – 7 p.m. and engineers from around the world to present and exchange findings on recent advances on various aspects related to ceramic science and Welcome reception at Hilton 5:30 – 7 p.m. technology. Monday, January 28, 2019 Conference registration 7 a.m. – 6 p.m. rd th The key event in the 43 ICACC is the international 40 Anniversary Rich- Opening awards ceremony and plenary session 8:30 a.m. – Noon ard M. Fulrath Award Symposium on “Frontiers of Ceramics for Sustainable Companion coffee 9 – 10:30 a.m. Society.” The Richard M. Fulrath award began in 1978 to promote technical Lunch on own Noon – 1:20 p.m. and personal friendships between Japanese and American ceramic Concurrent technical sessions 1:30 – 5:30 p.m. engineers and scientists and encourage understanding among the diverse Young Professional Network, GGRN, student mixer 7:30 – 9 p.m. cultures surrounding the Pacific Rim. Tuesday, January 29, 2019 The technical program contains important areas of ceramics and Conference registration 7:30 a.m. – 6 p.m. advanced composites, with a particular emphasis on the current trends Concurrent technical sessions 8:30 a.m. – Noon in research, development, engineering, and application of advanced Lunch on own Noon – 1:20 p.m. ceramics and composites. The core symposia include: Mechanical Be- Concurrent technical sessions 1:30 – 6 p.m. havior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites; Advanced Ceramic Exhibits and poster session A, including reception 5 – 8 p.m. Coatings; Solid Oxide Fuel Cells; Armor Ceramics; Bioceramics; Advanced Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion and Rechargeable Wednesday, January 30, 2019 Energy Storage; Functional Nanostructured Materials and Nanocom- Conference registration 7:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m. posites; Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies; Porous Concurrent technical sessions 8:30 a.m. – Noon Ceramics; Virtual Material Design; Industrial Root Technologies; Materials Lunch on own Noon – 1:20 p.m. for Extreme Environments; Ceramics for Sustainable Nuclear Energy and Concurrent technical sessions 1:30 – 5 p.m. Fusion Energy; Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Exhibits and poster session B, including reception 5 – 7:30 p.m. Applications; Additive Manufacturing and 3-D Printing Technologies; Geopolymers; and Photonics and Energy. Thursday, January 31, 2019 Conference registration 7:30 a.m. – 6 p.m. The ECD executive committee and volunteer organizers sincerely hope you Concurrent technical sessions 8:30 a.m. – Noon will join us at ICACC 2019 for a stimulating and enjoyable conference. Lunch on own Noon – 1:20 p.m. Concurrent technical sessions 1:30 – 5 p.m. We look forward to seeing you in Daytona Beach, Florida in January 2019! Friday, February 1, 2019 Conference registration 8 a.m. – Noon Surojit Gupta Concurrent technical sessions 8:30 a.m. – Noon Program Chair, ICACC 2019 Department of Mechanical Engineering Official News Sources University of North Dakota E-mail: [email protected]

40 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 Hilton Daytona Beach Resort 100 North Atlantic Ave., Daytona Beach, FL 32118 Phone: 1-386-254-8200 Rates: One to four occupants: $175 plus tax US government employee: Prevailing rate Mention The American Ceramic Society to obtain the special rate or group code ACRS19. Room rates are effective until January 4, 2019, and are based on availability.

ICACC19 Technical Program Exhibition Information Reserve your booth today for the premier international advanced Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites S1 ceramics and composites expo. Connect with decision makers S2 Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and and influencers in government labs, industry, and research and Functional Applications development fields. ICACC19 is your destination to collaborate with S3 16th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Cells (SOC): business partners, cultivate prospects, and explore new business Materials, Science and Technology opportunities. S4 Armor Ceramics – Challenges and New Developments Exhibit hours S5 Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites Tues., January 29, 2019, 5 – 8 p.m. S6 Advanced Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal Energy Wed., January 30, 2019, 5 – 7:30 p.m. Conversion and Rechargeable Energy Storage S7 13th International Symposium on Functional Nanomaterials and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environmental and Exposition location Health Applications Ocean Center Arena, 101 North Atlantic Avenue, Daytona Beach, FL S8 13th International Symposium on Advanced Processing and Exhibit space is filling up fast. To reserve your booth, visit Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional www.ceramics.org/icacc2018 or contact Mona Thiel at Materials and Systems (APMT13) [email protected] or 614-794-5834. S9 Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications S10 Ceramics Modeling, Genome and Informatics Exhibitor Booth S11 Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing Ideas for Production Alfred University 315 Root Technologies AVS 307 S12 Advanced MAX/MXene Phases and UHTC Materials for Extreme and Centorr Vacuum Industries 200 High Temperature Environment Ceramics Expo 311 S13 Development and Applications of Advanced Ceramics and CM Furnaces 210 Composites for Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy Systems Gasbarre (PTX) 203 S14 Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications Haiku Tech 215 S15 3rd International Symposium on Additive Manufacturing and 3-D Harper International 309 Printing Technologies H.C. Starck Surface Technology 305 S16 Geopolymers, Inorganic Polymers and Sustainable Materials Lithoz America LLC 103 S17 Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy Microtrac 314 FS1 Bio-inspired Processing of Advanced Materials Netzsch Instruments 300 FS2 Image-based Characterization and Modelling of Ceramics by Oxy-Gon Industries, Inc. 214 Nondestructive Examination Techniques Praxair Surface Technologies 219 FS3 Molecular-level Processing of Functional Materials: Understanding Reserved 208 the Conversion of Molecular Compounds to Solid-State and Hybrid Spinger Nature 107 Structures Tev Tech 206 FS4 Green Technologies and Joining of Ceramics Thermcraft, Inc. 303 40th Anniversary Richard M. Fulrath Award Symposium Zeiss Microscopy 201 8th Global Young Investigator Forum Zircar Ceramics 202

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 41

THIS EVENT IS HELD IN

CONJUNCTION WITH MS&T18

THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY’S 7TH CERAMIC BUSINESS AND LEADERSHIP SUMMIT OCTOBER 16 – 17, 2018 | COLUMBUS, OHIO

SUCCEEDING IN TODAY’S MANUFACTURING MARKETPLACE Join ceramic and glass industry leaders for the 2018 Ceramic Business Leadership Summit (CBLS), a one-and-a-half day leadership event focused on the latest trends and topics from experts in the field. Your registration fee not only includes a full day of strategy sessions from industry leaders, but also an Expo pass for MS&T18 and an invitation to Corning Inc.’s Chief Technical Officer David Morse’s Rustum Roy lecture entitled “Imagination and Innovation in the Land of Machines.”

Early-bird registration is $525 for ACerS members and $645 for nonmembers. Seats for CBLS 2018 will sell quickly, so register today at www.ceramics.org/cbls2018. Hilton Columbus Downtown Tuesday, October 16-17 410 N. High Street, Columbus, Ohio For more information, visit www.ceramics.org/cbls2018.

SCHEDULE 10:30 – 11:15 a.m. Emerging and Evolving Technologies that will Impact Manufac- turing and their Economic Predictions – Jon Riley, National Tuesday, October 16 – Arrive Early!(Optional) Center for Manufacturing Sciences Your registration to the Ceramic Business & Leadership Summit includes these optional events: 11:15 – Noon Case Study: Digital Transformation in the Ceramics Industry: 1 – 2 p.m. Frontiers of Science and Society—Rustum Roy Lecture featuring Using Simulation to Optimize Sintering Processes – David L. Morse, chief technology officer and executive vice Dr. Marc-Antoine Thermitus, NETZSCH Instruments, NA president at Corning Inc. Noon – 1 p.m. Lunch 4 – 6 p.m. Happy hour reception at the MS&T Expo 1 – 2 p.m. The Profit Equation: Five Key Numbers to Better Manage Your Business – Daniel J. Gisser, AdviCoach Wednesday, October 17 2 – 2:45 p.m. Table discussions: How can you implement in your business? 8:30 – 9 a.m. Continental breakfast 2:45 – 3 p.m. Break 9 – 9:30 a.m. Introductions and overview – Dr. Dana Goski, Allied Mineral Products, Inc. 3 – 3:45 p.m. Innovative and Modern Ways to Hire and Retain Talent – Jono Starr, StarrTrax 9:30 – 10:15 a.m. Federal Funding and Legislation Outlook for Advanced Ceramics – Glen Mandigo, United States Advanced Ceramics Association 3:45 – 4 p.m. Human Resources Q&A 10:15 – 10:30 a.m. Break 4 – 4:30 p.m. Facilitated discussions 4:30 – 5:30 p.m. Networking reception new products

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Calendar of events

September 2018 27–Feb. 1 ICACC19: 43rd Int’l 29–Oct. 3 MS&T19 combined with Conference and Expo on Advanced ACerS 121st Annual Meeting – Portland, China Refractory & Abrasive 10–12 Ceramics and Composites – Daytona Ore.; www.ceramics.org Minerals Forum 2018 – Regal Int’l East Beach, Fla.; Asia Hotel, Shanghai, China; www.ceramics.org/icacc2019 October 2019 www.bit.ly/CRAMF2018 February 2019 13–16 UNITECR 2019: United Int’l 17–19 Advanced Ceramics and Technical Conference on Refractories – th Applications VII: New Frontiers in 14–16 8 Congress of Int’l Pacifico Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan; Multifunctional Material Science and Academy of Ceramic Implantology – www.unitecr2019.org Processing – Serbian Academy of www.iaoci.com Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia; th 27–31 PACRIM 13: 13 Pacific Rim www.serbianceramicsociety.rs/index.htm March 2019 Conference on Ceramic and Glass th Technology – Okinawa Convention 26–27 61st Int’l Colloquium on 26–28 55 Annual St. Louis Section/Refractory Ceramics Division Center, Ginowan City, Okinawa, Japan; Refractories 2018 – Eurogress Aachen, www.ceramics.org Aachen, Germany; Symposium on Refractories – Hilton St. Louis Airport Hotel, St. Louis, Mo.; http://bit.ly/CollqonRefr th www.ceramics.org 28–31 80 Conference on October 2018 Glass Problems – Greater Columbus April 2019 Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; MMA 2018: 10th Int’l Conference www.glassproblemsconference.org 1–4 th of Microwave Materials and their 30–May 1 5 Ceramics Expo – Applications – Nakanoshima Center, I-X Center, Cleveland, Ohio; January 2020 Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; www. www.ceramicsexpousa.com 22–24 EMA2020: Electronic Materials jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp/~conf/MMA2018 June 2019 and Applications – DoubleTree by Hilton th Orlando at Sea World Conference Hotel, 8–12 ic-cmtp5: 5 Int’l Conference on th 9–14 25 Int’l Congress on Glass – Orlando, Fla.; www.ceramics.org Competitive Materials and Technology Boston Park Plaza Hotel and Towers, Processes – Hunguest Hotel Palota, Boston, Mass.; th 26–31 ICACC20: 44 Int’l Conference Miskolc, Hungary; www.ic-cmtp5.eu www.ceramics.org/icg2019 and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and 14–18 MS&T18, combined with July 2019 Composites – Daytona Beach, Fla.; ACerS 120th Annual Meeting – Greater www.ceramics.org Columbus Convention Center, 21–26 4th Int’l Conference Columbus, Ohio; www.matscitech.org on Innovations in Biomaterials, October 2020 Biomanufacturing, and Biotechnologies 4–8 MS&T20 combined with 15–17 Fluorine Forum 2018 – Hotel (Bio-4), combined with 2nd Global ACerS 122nd Annual Meeting – David L. Wellington, Madrid, Spain; Forum on Advanced Materials Lawrence onvention Center, www.bit.ly/FluorineForum18 and Technologies for Sustainable C Pittsburgh, Pa.; www.ceramics.org Development (GFMAT-2) – Toronto November 2018 Marriott Downtown Eaton Centre Hotel, Toronto, Canada; th 5–8 79 Conference on Glass www.ceramics.org/gfmat-2-and-bio-4 Problems – Greater Columbus Dates in RED denote new entry in Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; September 2019 this issue. www.glassproblemsconference.org 22–27 HTCMC10: 10th Int’l Entries in BLUE denote ACerS January 2019 Conference on High-Temperature events. Ceramic-Matrix Composites – Palais denotes meetings that ACerS EMA2019: 2019 Conference on 23–25 des Congrès, Bordeaux, France; cosponsors, endorses, or other- Electronic Materials and Applications – www.ht-cmc10.org wise cooperates in organizing.

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T T T World Conference Hotel, Orlando, Fla.; T SEAL  ✯ ✯ ✯  denotes Corporate partner F o u 99 www.ceramics.org/ema2019 nded 18

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 | www.ceramics.org 47 deciphering the discipline Nelson Sepulveda A regular column offering the student perspective of the next generation of ceramic and glass Guest columnist scientists, organized by the ACerS Presidents Council of Student Advisors.

Electrical properties of biocomposites containing ferroelectric nanoparticles

Biopolymer composites represent a market with great potential due to the materials’ numerous applications, including bioceramic, biosensing, biomedi- cal, bionanotechnology, and biological assembly applications. These biocompos-

ites have unique characteristics, includ- Credit: Nelson Sepulveda ing biocompatibility, low environmental Figure 1. Scanning electron microscope image of a bioferroelectric nanocomposite contain- impact, and nontoxicity in humans. And ing 20% strontium titanate nanoparticles. because the materials are biodegradable, they can be recycled—which translates such as lignin and alginates, with fer- and biocompatible electronics with tun- roelectric nanoparticles, such as PbTiO able capabilities. into reduced waste and material costs. 3 and PbZnO , opens new possibilities. In my research on biocomposites, I have 3 also found that these materials possess Bioferroelectric composites therefore low fabrication costs compared to petro- represent an inexpensive and environ- References leum-based polymeric composites. mentally-friendly electronic alternative 1A. Declet-Vega, N. Sepúlveda-Ramos, J. Other researchers have used biopoly- for novel devices. Martínez-Santos, et al., “Study of electrical mers as matrices for composites con- However, future studies of bioferro- properties of biocomposites containing ferroelectric nanoparticles,” J. Compos. Mater.; 51: taining ferroelectric particles, specifi- electric composites need to consider vol- 1979–1985 (2017). cally ceramic particles such as BaTiO , ume percent of the biopolymer and con- 3 2 SrTiO , CaTiO , and PbTiO . These centration of ferroelectric nanoparticles. A. Declet-Vega, N. Sepúlveda-Ramos, O.M. 3 3 3 Suárez, “On the mechanical and dielectric ferroelectric constituents represent an Further, electrical characterization could properties of biocomposites containing stron- appealing alternative for processable enhance that materials’ capacitance and resistivity and enable tunability of these tium titanate particles,” Ferroelectrics and high-permittivity materials and have Their Applications, H. Irzaman, Ed., (2018). high dielectric constant, moderate properties. Capacitance of the composites could also be adjusted to specific dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, Nelson E. Sepulveda-Ramos is an and high electrical resistivity. In effect, values when a given voltage is applied. Additionally, capacitors made with undergraduate studying electrical engi- such electrical characteristics make neering at the University of Puerto these ferroelectric composites particu- nanocomposites could enable higher current flows than commercial capaci- Rico at Mayaguez. His dream is to larly suitable for flexible capacitors, be first in his family to earn a Ph.D., transistors, and actuators. tors. In particular, biocomposite capacitors are suitable for radio frequency and and he wants to combine his studies Some of my research reveals that, with materials sciences to create new when embedded into a biopolymer microwave applications that require high electrical tunability and low dielectric novel electronic devices that can shape matrix, ferroelectric nanoparticles turn the world. Sepulveda-Ramos enjoys biocomposites into tunable materials loss. This research therefore can impact safety of workers regularly exposed to hiking, playing video games, STEM that can be readily adapted to several outreach, and mentoring early-level 1,2 chemical materials and demonstrates a applications. Combining more com- college students. n plex multifunctional biopolymers, simple approach to manufacture flexible

48 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 7 CALL FOR PAPERS ABSTRACTS DUE JANUARY 15, 2019 www.ceramics.org/icg2019

TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON GLASS (ICG2019)

25OSTED Y H B ACERS GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION 100 ea BOSTON PARK PLAZA HOTEL AND TOWERS | BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS | USA

Make your plans now to attend the International Congress on Glass (ICG) 2019 in Boston, Mass., June 9-14, 2019, to join the expected 1,000 attendees and more than 900 papers and posters represent- TECHNICAL PROGRAM ing the best and brightest glass science and technology minds in Symposia 1 Glass Structure and Chemistry the world. Held every three years, the International Congress on Glass has Symposia 2 Glass Physics been providing valuable networking and collaborative efforts since Symposia 3 Glass Technology and Manufacturing the late 1980s. ICG 2019 will include: – Special recognition of the 100th anniversary of GOMD Symposia 4 Emerging Applications of Glass – Technical, cultural, and historical excursions in and around the Symposia 5 Glass Education (TC23) Boston area – Student career roundtables Symposia 6 Arun K. Varshneya Festschrift – Student poster contest

ICG 2019 Congress president ICG 2019 program chair Richard Brow John Mauro Missouri University of Science & Pennsylvania State University Technology [email protected] [email protected]

www.ceramics.org/icg2019 SAVE THE DATE FOR THIS IMPORTANT GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEETING. ACERS GLASS & OPTICAL MATERIALS DIVISION IS THE ICG 2019 HOST. calcium carbonate nanoparticles europium phosphors dielectrics catalog:americanelements.com palladium nanoparticles carbon nanoparticles liquids 1 1 zinc nanoparticles optoelectronics silicon nanoparticles2 2 H He 1.00794 4.002602 Hydrogen Helium

3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 1 2 99.999% ruthenium spheres copper nanoparticles3 4 5 6 7 8 rod Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012182 10.811 12.0107 14.0067 15.9994 18.9984032 20.1797 Nd:YAGLithium Beryllium surface functionalized nanoparticles Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon solid 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.98976928 24.305 26.9815386 28.0855 30.973762 32.065 35.453 39.948 yttriumSodium Magnesium iron nanoparticles silver nanoparticlesAluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon metals 19 2 20 2 21 2 22 2 23 2 24 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 28 2 29 2 30 2 31 2 32 2 33 2 34 2 35 2 36 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 K 1 Ca 2 Sc 2 Ti 2 V 2 Cr 1 Mn 2 Fe 2 Co 2 Ni 2 Cu 1 Zn 2 Ga 3 Ge 4 As 5 Se 6 Br 7 Kr 8 39.0983 40.078 44.955912 47.867 50.9415 51.9961 54.938045 55.845 58.933195 58.6934 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.64 74.9216 78.96 79.904 83.798 medicinePotassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton crystals 37 2 38 2 39 2 40 2 41 2 42 2 43 2 44 2 45 2 46 2 47 2 48 2 49 2 50 2 51 2 52 2 53 2 54 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 8 8 9 10 12 13 13 15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Rb 1 Sr 2 Y 2 Zr 2 Nb 1 Mo 1 Tc 2 Ru 1 Rh 1 Pd Ag 1 Cd 2 In 3 Sn 4 Sb 5 Te 6 I 7 Xe 8 rhodium85.4678 sponges87.62 88.90585 91.224 92.90638 95.96 (98.0) 101.07 102.9055 106.42 107.8682 112.411 114.818 118.71 121.76 127.6 126.90447 131.293 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon cone site

55 2 56 2 57 2 72 2 73 2 74 2 75 2 76 2 77 2 78 2 79 2 80 2 81 2 82 2 83 2 84 2 85 2 86 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Cs 1 Ba 2 La 2 Hf 2 Ta 2 W 2 Re 2 Os 2 Ir 2 Pt 1 Au 1 Hg 2 Tl 3 Pb 4 Bi 5 Po 6 At 7 Rn 8 vanadium 132.9054 137.327 138.90547 178.48 180.9488 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217 195.084 196.966569 200.59 204.3833 207.2 208.9804 (209)electrochemistry(210) (222) Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

87 2 88 2 89 2 104 2 105 2 106 2 107 2 108 2 109 2 110 2 111 2 112 2 113 2 114 2 115 2 116 2 117 2 118 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 8 8 9 10 12 11 13 14 15 17 18 18 Uut 18 18 Uup 18 18 Uus 18 Uuo 18 tantalumFr 1 Ra 2 Ac 2 Rf 2 Db 2 Sg 2 Bh 2 Hs 2 Mt 2 Ds 1 Rg 1 Cn 2 3 Fl 4 5 Lv 6 7titanium8 (223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (271) (272) (270) (276) (281) (280) (285) (284) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294) Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium thin lm quantum dots aluminum nanoparticles nickel nanoparticles 58 2 59 2 60 2 61 2 62 2 63 2 64 2 65 2 66 2 67 2 68 2 69 2 70 2 71 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 9 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 Ce 2 Pr 2 Nd 2 Pm 2 Sm 2 Eu 2 Gd 2 Tb 2 Dy 2 Ho 2 Er 2 Tm 2 Yb 2 Lu 2 140.116 140.90765 144.242 (145) 150.36 151.964 157.25 158.92535 162.5 164.93032 167.259 168.93421 173.054 174.9668 diamond micropowderCerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium ceriumThulium Ytterbium polishingLutetium powder 90 2 91 2 92 2 93 2 94 2 95 2 96 2 97 2 98 2 99 2 100 2 101 2 102 2 103 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 18 20 21 22 24 25 25 27 28 29 30 31 32 32 10 9 9 9 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Th 2 Pa 2 U 2 Np 2 Pu 2 Am 2 Cm 2 Bk 2 Cf 2 Es 2 Fm 2 Md 2 No 2 Lr 3 232.03806 231.03588 238.02891 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262) refractoryThorium metalsProtactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium macromolecules tungsten carbide single crystal silicon gadolinium wires nano gels erbium doped ber optics atomic layer deposition anti-ballistic ceramics nano ribbons TM nanodispersions advanced polymers Now Invent. ultra high purity materials alternative energy dielectrics europium phosphors platinum ink sputtering targets solar energy Experience the Next Generation of Material Science Catalogs LED lighting metamaterials As one of the world's rst and largest manufacturers and distributors of nanoparticles & cermet anode nanotubes, American Elements’ re-launch of its 20 year old Catalog is worth noting. silicon rods In it you will nd essentially every nanoscale metal & chemical that nature and current super alloys technology allow. In fact quite a few materials have no known application and have yet zirconium biosynthetics to be fully explored. CIGS laser nanofabrics iron ionic But that's the whole idea! photovoltaics American Elements opens up a world of possibilities so you can Now Invent! spintronics crystal growth rare earth www.americanelements.com gadolinium wire