Student Perspectives 2011: Education, Careers and Community

AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY

bulletinemerging ceramics & glass technology JuNE/JulY 2011

Student perspectives 2011: Education, careers and community

Ceramics Leadership Summit 2011 program preview • MS&T’11 program preview • 2nd Advances in Cement-Based Materials meeting schedule • Nominees for Society’s President-Elect, Board of Directors •

contents June–July 2011 • Vol. 90 No. 5 Student and education issue Introduction ...... 23 Outreach PCSA’s ‘Demonstration Kits’ project ...... 24 Jaime George Scientific exploration for younger learners ...... 24 Kirsten Brookshire Influential instructors ‘The times they are a-changing,” and Olivia Graeve is helping it happen ...... 26 James P. Kelley A scientific adventure at Boise State ...... 27 Steven Letourneau cover story Penn State professor inspires students ...... 28 Andrew Paul Student perspectives Thermodynamics professor takes a refreshing approach ...... 29 Education, careers and Kirsten Brookshire community – page 25 International experience Life and higher education in Ukraine ...... 30 Pavlo Rudenko Grad student experiences Advice from a departing graduate student ...... 34 Stan Dittrick Research and teaching assistantship experiences: Two perspectives ...... 35 Student research briefs Metal oxide gas sensor arrays for detection of off-gasses in the steel industry ...... 36 Travis Busbee Die-castable ceramic-reinforced metal-matrix composites ...... 37 William Garrett Nonmetal anion doping of anatase...... 38 Victoria Knox Percolated ceramic composites: Characterization and optimization ...... 39 Ceramics in the Tim Pruyn Better sound through cooperation ...... 40 Environment Salem Maud Two advanced-engineered Targeted amorphous calcium phosphosilicate nanoscale drug delivery carriers ...... 41 ceramic coatings provide better Stephen Weitzner resistance to volcanic ash The value of undergraduate design courses ...... 42 Erica Marden – page 13 Material Advantage students participate in congressional visits...... 43 PCSA to host student symposium at EMA 2012 ...... 45 ACerS activities Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011 program preview ...... 46 General session speakers ...... 46 Schedule of events ...... 47 Concurrent session speakers ...... 48 Hotel information ...... 49 Materials Science & Technology 2011 program preview...... 51 ACerS lectures and special events ...... 52 MS&T’11 exhibitors ...... 53 Ceramics in Energy MS&T’11 student activities ...... 54 Some U.S. battery companies MS&T’11 short courses ...... 55 responding to microhybrid demand – page 18

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 1 AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY contents bulletin June–July 2011 • Vol. 90 No. 5

Executive Staff Charles G. Spahr, Executive Director and Publisher, 2nd Advances in Cement-Based Materials: cspahr@ceramics .org Characterization, Processing, Modeling and Sensing ...... 56 Editorial and Production General information and Schedule of events ...... 56 Peter Wray, Editor Hotel information ...... 57 ph: 614-794-5853 fx: 614-794-4505 pwray@ceramics .org Kate Baldwin, Project Editor departments Tricia Nicol, Assistant Project Editor Tess M. Speakman, Graphic Designer News & Trends ...... 4 Editorial Advisory Board • Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics opens at Alfred University. Kristen Brosnan, General Electric Alexis Clare, Alfred University ACerS Spotlight ...... 7 Olivia Graeve, Alfred University Linda E. Jones, Alfred University • Meet the candidates for ACerS President-Elect and Venkat Venkataramani, GE Research Board of Directors Customer Service/Circulation • Nominations open for Mueller, Bridge Building awards ph: 866-721-3322 fx: 240-396-5637 customerservice@ceramics .org • 2011 Basic Science Division Secretary nominees named Address • In memoriam 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210 Westerville, OH 43082-6920 People in the Spotlight ...... 11 • IGC awards Mauro and Conradt • Messing selected for Orton Award and Lecture • Singh named AAAS Fellow • APEGGA honors Nychka for educational work Advertising Sales Ceramics in the Environment...... 13 adsales@ceramics .org National Sales • Engineered ceramic coatings provide resistance to volcanic ash Patricia A. Janeway, Associate Publisher • Ultrathin polymer–clay coating: flexible transparent gas barrier pjaneway@ceramics .org ph: 614-794-5826 fx: 614-794-5822 Advances in Nanomaterials ...... 16 Europe • SketchSET provides erasable transistors, circuits Richard Rozelaar media@alaincharles .com Ceramics in Energy ...... 18 ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Research Briefs ...... 19 Randilynn Christensen resources Int’l Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology preview ...... 58 Int’l Journal of Applied Glass Science preview ...... 59 Calendar ...... 60 Classified Advertising ...... 61 Officers Display Advertising Index ...... 64 Marina Pascucci, President George Wicks, President-elect Edwin Fuller, Past President Ted Day, Treasurer American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics Charles Spahr, Executive Director community and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering and marketing. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2011. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published Board of Directors monthly, except for February, July and November, as a “dual-media” magazine in print and electronic format (www.ceramicbulletin.org). William G. Fahrenholtz, Director 2009-2012 Editorial and Subscription Offices: 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Subscription included with David J. Green, Director 2010-2013 American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year Michael J. Hoffmann, Director 2008-2011 $75; international, 1 year $131.* Rates include shipping charges. International Remail Service is standard outside of the United States and Linda E. Jones, Director 2009-2012 Canada. *International nonmembers also may elect to receive an electronic-only, e-mail delivery subscription for $75. William Kelly, Director 2008-2011 Single issues, January–November: member $6.00 per issue; nonmember $7.50 per issue. December issue (ceramicSOURCE): member $20, William Lee, Director 2010-2013 nonmember $25. Postage/handling for single issues: United States and Canada, $3 per item; United States and Canada Expedited (UPS 2nd day air), $8 per item; International Standard, $6 per item. James C. Marra, Director 2009-2012 Kathleen Richardson, Director 2008-2011 POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Robert W. Schwartz, Director 2010-2013 David W. Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Allow six weeks for address changes. ACSBA7, Vol. 90, No. 5, pp 1–64. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents.

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 3 news & trends

Alfred U.’s Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics opens As ubiquitous as ceramic materials are in nearly every aspect of modern Kate Wilkins and Susan Kowalczyk were life, their full potential has not yet been among the first to see the displays at the reached, says Kazuo Inamori, founder new Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine ▼ and chairman emeritus of Kyocera Ceramics. Corp., one of the largest manufacturers of ceramic components in the world, at the dedication of the Inamori Kyocera Museum of Fine Ceramics at Alfred University, May 10, 2011. “I have been involved in research ▲ Kazuo Inamori, founder and business development of fine and chairman emeritus of ceramics for more than half a century,” Kyocera Corp., left, and Inamori told the more than 100 people Alfred University President gathered for the dedication and ribbon- Charles M. Edmondson, right, cutting for the new museum, located in cut the ribbon at the new Binns–Merrill Hall on the AU campus. Inamori Kyocera Museum of “I started from scratch,” recalled Fine Ceramics at Alfred Univ. Inamori, who founded the Kyoto (Credit: Alfred Univ.) Ceramics Corp., forerunner of Kyocera Binns–Merrill Hall and the creation of AU also is opening the Discovery Corp. in 1959, when he was only 27 the museum. Lab next to the Inamori Museum. years old. “I devoted myself to develop- The museum is the tangible evidence School officials say the lab will be ing new products from fine ceramics.” of Inamori’s “scientific vision, spiritual- AU’s center for outreach activities The term “fine ceramics” (also ity and inspiration” to students, faculty involving students (and their teach- known as advanced or engineered and staff at AU, Edmondson said. ers) from kindergarten through 12th ceramics) takes its meaning from the Alastair Cormack, who was the grade. University faculty members are fact that the materials are designed founding dean of the Inamori School developing educational programming, atom-by-atom to produce certain char- of Engineering and who worked with including demonstrations and hands-on acteristics or properties for many of Kyocera Corp. to create the museum, activities. today’s cutting-edge applications in sci- called it an “extraordinary facility. It is The artistic side of ceramics is not ence and industry. unique, much more than a collection of totally left out of the picture. The uni- The worldwide fine ceramics market artifacts or specimens.” versity notes that its Schein–Joseph has grown to about three trillion yen, It is, he said, an “educational facility Museum of Ceramics has an exten- or about $40 billion, a year, Inamori in the truest sense of the word. It charts sive collection of ceramic art and is said. the historic development of ceramic located adjacent to the new museum in “Even today, new products con- components that are found in virtually Binns–Merrill Hall. “This is an absolute tinue to be developed,” he said. Those every aspect of our lives today. reflection of the College of Ceramics will lead to the “next generation” of Cormack predicted that visitors will that joins both the School of Art & information, communications, environ- be “staggered by their pervasiveness.” Design and the Inamori School of mental and energy applications for the Doreen Edwards, dean of the school Engineering,” said AU’s Linda Jones. benefit of humankind. of engineering, said she anticipates “From the inception of the College, AU President Charles M. museum visitors will include special- it was recognized that creativity and Edmondson noted that a $10 million ists and scientists. “People who are technical understanding are essential to gift from Kyocera Corp. in honor of involved in the manufacture of ceram- address the challenges of our time.” Inamori led to a $5 million grant from ics and related technologies will find Inamori’s relationship with AU dates New York State as a match. The NYS this of interest, but there is also plenty back to the 1980s. The school awarded funding was used for the renovations of to draw the general public,” she said. him an honorary Doctor of Science

4 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 degree in 1988, recognizing his leadership have been allocated, ARPA-E funding nologies.” The DOE announcement says in the field of advanced ceramic materi- opportunities are going to be increas- it is particularly interested in four areas: als. He created the schools’s Inamori ingly important for the development of new nonintermittent, cost-competitive Scholarships, which assist deserving stu- advanced ceramic, glass and other mate- solar thermal power plants; advanced dents studying art or engineering. rials for energy-related applications. nuclear power plants capable of respond- Visit www.alfred.edu n The five new technology areas, and ing to peak demand; fuel produced from their acronyms, are thermochemical reactions to store solar Advanced materials • Plants Engineered to Replace Oil energy; and new HVAC systems for ($30 million) — The DOE says the electric vehicles that use thermal storage opportunity: ARPA-E offers goal of PETRO is to find technologies to improve the driving range of electric new $130M round of high-risk, that optimize the biochemical processes vehicles by up to 40 percent. ARPA-E high-reward funding of energy capture and conversion to says it is interested “in all forms of ther- develop a new generation of energy- mal storage, such as sensible heating, The DOE recently announced that it rich crops. ARPA-E wants to create phase change, supercritical systems and is adding five new technology programs biofuels for half their current cost. thermochemical storage.” to the ARPA-E portfolio and has cre- • High Energy Advanced Thermal • Rare Earth Alternatives in Critical ated a $130 million fund to kick off Storage ($30 million) — With HEATS, Technologies ($30 million) — Because these new programs. ARPA-E wants “revolutionary cost- of strategic-sourcing RE problems, Now that the Recovery Act monies effective thermal energy storage tech- ARPA-E is looking to REACT to

HiTemp 2011 is intended to foster discussion and debate regarding the most recent understanding of high temperature materials and the state of the art in their experimental studies, processes, and diagnostics for scientific www.hitemp2011.com and technological applications.

Tuesday, September 20 to Thursday, September 22, 2011 Experimental studies of Millennium Hotel high temperature materials Boston, MA n 10 keynote lectures n 28 contributed lectures n 3 poster sessions

Leading Thermal Analysis

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 5 news & trends

control software and high- round of ARPA-E funding opportuni- voltage hardware. ARPA-E ties and that 121 projects in 30 states specifically desires controls are receiving financial support. n capable of managing a 10-fold increase in wind San Diego area getting new grid and solar power and “resil- ient power flow control link, 150-megawatt concentra- hardware – or the energy ting photovoltaic system and New equivalent of an internet manufacturer alternatives router.” San Diego area energy suppliers • Solar Agile Delivery of have been building a special electrical Electrical Power Technology transmission line, called the Sunrise ($10 million) — These Powerlink, which is opening up pos- technologies are envi- sibilities of creating utility-scale renew- (Credit: ARPA-E; DOE.) sion as part of the DOE able energy options in nearby but SunShot program. deliver early-stage technologies that less-populated areas. For example, San Through Solar ADEPT, ARPA-E is provide substitutes or alternatives for Diego Gas and Electric recently signed seeking methods to extract and deliver electric vehicle motors and wind gen- a deal with energy developer Tenaska solar power more efficiently through erator applications. DOE says five RE Solar Ventures to build a 150-megawatt elements – neodymium, dysprosium, advanced magnetics, semiconductor solar facility in neighboring Imperial terbium, europium and yttrium – are of switches and charge storage. ARPA-E County. great concern because of the role they mentions interest in magnetic materi- Tenaska is bringing in a French play in energy production and the level als with high operating flux densities company, Soitec, which has a propri- of supply-interruption risk each faces. (while achieving electrical resistivity etary concentrating solar energy system ARPA-E mentions interest in high- exceeding 1 milliohm·centimeter and that uses a multilayered photovoltaic energy-density, low-rare-earth-content exhibiting high thermal conductivity); array instead of the typical concentrat- permanent magnetic materials; nonper- solid-state switch technologies and ing solar power arrangements that use manent magnet motors coupled with wide-bandgap devices (using materials mirrors to focus sunlight on tubes or a high-permeability, low-loss soft mag- such as SiC, GaN, GaN on silicon, dia- single pylon. netic materials; and high-temperature mond and ZnO); new circuit topologies The Tenaska/Soitec facility, dubbed superconductor generators. and converter architectures; and charge the Imperial Solar Energy Center West, • Green Electricity Network storage devices with high power densi- is scheduled to be completed in 2015, Integration ($30 million) — Included ties and high reliability. and it appears to be just one of several in GENI technologies are grid-related DOE notes that this is the fourth Soitec projects. The company says it will be building a manufacturing facility in the San Diego area to make the Business news units for ISEC West. The plant will have an annual production capacity of Union Process manufactures dry grind- (www.capital-refractories.com) … Osram 200 megawatts, and Soitec says it will ing attritor for ceramics (www.unionproc Sylvania adds solid-state lighting fixtures be marketing its concentrating pho- ess.com) … Schoelly Imaging’s high- to its portfolio (www.sylvania.com) … tovoltaic modules to other large-scale temperature borescopes operate up to American Piezo launches online forum developers and investor groups. 2000°C (www.schoellyimaging.com) … (www.americanpiezo.com) … Kyocera Groundbreaking for ISEC West is New Gateway Analytical lab celebrates supplies solar modules for Marine Corps’ planned for 2013, and it is supposed to grand opening (www.gatewayanalytical. largest PV installation (www.kyocera.com) supply enough power for 55,000 homes. com) … Oil drilling, earnings boost Carbo … Murata appoints David M. Kirk as its It is not clear how many jobs ISEC Ceramics stock 15 percent (www. new CEO (www.murata-northamerica. West will add, but Soitec’s new plant investors.com) … Asylum Research’s com) … Toyota Announces finalists in can employ 450 at full manufacturing Cypher AFM achieves point defect atomic “Ideas For Good” challenge (www toyota. capacity. resolution in liquids (www.asylumre com) … MesoCoat breaks ground on Visit Sunrise Powerlink, www.sdge. search.com) … Capital Refractories has cermet cladding and coating manufactur- com/sunrisepowerlink/index.html; and new salesperson, Peruvian distributor ing plant (www.mesocoat.com) n Soitec, www.soitec.com n

6 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 acers spotlight

Meet the candidates

The election of ACerS Board of Directors and President-Elect, along with the election of division and class officers, will take place June 17 through July 16. The nine directors of the board are elected to staggered three-year terms. This year, three candidates are running for the three open seats. Voting and ballot information will be sent to ACerS members by email and regular mail. Members will be able to vote one of three ways: return a ballot by mail, return a ballot by fax or cast a vote online. Voting information also will appear online at www.ceramics.org.

President-Elect candidate Curators’ Professor of Ceramic Engineering and Senior Investigator of the Materials Research Center Materials Science & Engineering Department Missouri University of Science & Technology Rolla, Mo.

Candidate statement Richard K. Brow I have been a member of The American President-Elect Ceramic Society for more than 30 years. As a student at the NYS College of Ceramics, and then at Penn State, I appreciated the opportunities that the Society offered to extend my education and to create the beginnings of a professional network that I rely on today. It was through the Society that I became aware of the worldwide ceramic science and engineering community. Later, as a staff member at Sandia National Labs, I found great value in participating in and organizing meetings for the Glass and Optical Materials Division. The GOMD is home to my closest professional colleagues and has been the source of much of what I know about glass science and technology. Now, as an educator in the ceramic engineering program at Missouri S&T, I again see how important the Society is for young engineers and scientists setting out on their own careers. I owe much of my professional success to The American Ceramic Society, and I appreciate this opportunity to now help ACerS meet the challenges we face to ensure that we remain the professional home for the world’s ceramic science and engineering community. We can do this, I believe, by offering our members the highest quality information necessary for professional growth, through our meetings, publications and web-offerings, by promoting ceramic solutions to broader materials problems, and by strengthening our international ties to organizations and members with similar interests.

Biography: B.S. Degree, Ceramic Engineering, NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred University, 1980 M.S. Degree, Glass Science, NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred University, 1982 Ph.D., Ceramic Science, Pennsylvania State University, 1985 Curators’ Professor of Ceramic Engineering and Senior Investigator of the Materials Research Center, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Current Chair, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology, 2004–2007 Chair, Department of Ceramic Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science & Technology, 2001–2004 (continued on next page)

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 7 acers spotlight

Richard K. Brow, continued from page 7 significant contributions to the field of glass science” at Alfred University Curators’ Professor of Ceramic Engineering, University of Missouri- in 2008; received the Presidential Award for Research and Creativity Rolla, 2005–present from the University of Missouri in 2010; several “outstanding teaching Professor of Ceramic Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, awards” at Missouri S&T; member of the coordinating technical commit- 1998–2004 tee of the International Commission on Glass (2007–present). Member of the Technical Staff, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, Affiliated with the Glass & Optical Materials Division of ACerS; N.M., 1985–1997 past chair of the division (2002–2003) and member of the execu- My research interests are centered on aspects of glass chemistry and tive committee (1996–2004); former member of the ACerS Board of physics, particularly on understanding composition–structure–property Directors (2006–2009); past associate editor of the Journal (1997–2002) relationships for a variety of glass-forming systems. This research has gen- and current associate editor of IJAGS (2009–present); past chair and erated, to date, about 120 peer-reviewed articles in archival journals, 50 counselor of the New Mexico Section of ACerS; 1993 recipient of the conference proceedings and book chapters, and 11 U.S. patents; Gottardi Karl Schwartzwalder Professional Achievement in Ceramic Engineering Prize from the International Commission on Glass, for “outstanding Award from ACerS, awarded annually to “the nation’s outstanding contributions to the field of glass science” (1996); named “Fellow” of the young ceramic engineer”; 2004 recipient of the George W. Morey Award Society of Glass Technology’ in 2005; delivered the Scholes Lecture “for for “new and original work in the field of glass science and technology” from the GOMD; elevated to ACerS Fellow in 1997. Director candidates Manager, Materials Science & Varanasi, India, his master’s and Ph.D. in Ceramics tive to change and much better at responding Engineering Focus Area, URS from New York State College of Ceramics at to all the members. I interact with a large cross National Energy Technology Alfred University, Alfred, N.Y. He received section of members and will do my best to bring Laboratory his MBA from St. Bonaventure University, St. the diverse needs to the decision-making process. Albany, Ore. Bonaventure, N.Y., and have published more than With the growth of many new societies, the 60 papers and reports and coedited three confer- competition for membership and participation in Candidate statement ence proceedings, to date. Among my honors are technical meetings has grown significantly in the Vijay Jain It was 1984 when I was first being recipient of the George Westinghouse Gold past decade. It is important to keep continually introduced to the society as a Award and a Westinghouse Signature Award. asking what the members want, and to keep in graduate student. Since then, I have continually As ACerS representative to the MS&T pro- place a moldable system that responds. served the ACerS leadership in various capacities gram committee, Jain worked to unify the program- As a Board member, I will do my best to as a participant, member and now as a Fellow. ming ideas from the four societies for the very represent your needs and do what is best for the ACerS has been a very important part of my per- first MST 2005; followed by the MS&T 2006 as a Society to keep serving those needs, even as they sonal and professional life, and I am very apprecia- program chair. He served as the Advisor to NET may change. This includes an emphasis that is tive of the ACerS leaders and membership who Division and participated in board meetings as a global, excites students and includes input from have played a significant role in mentoring me nonvoting member. As a chair of NET Division industry, national laboratories and academia. for the last two decades. I will use my industrial and ACerS Meetings Committee, he provided research and development experience in addressing leadership to improve and enhance the society Biography wide range materials issues in the nuclear and fossil membership participation and set the direction Reimanis earned his B.S. degree from Cornell energy systems coupled with a decade of manage- for the growth of the ACerS meeting committee. University and his M.S. from the University of ment experience, to provide ACerS Board insights In addition, he served as a member of two soci- California at Berkeley. He earned his Ph.D. in on strategically placing ACerS as a premier society ety leadership committees: Fellows Nomination Materials Engineering in 1990 at the University for discussions and dissemination of energy-related Committee and Nomination Committee. of California at Santa Barbara. He was a post- research. As ACerS representative to the MS&T –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– doctoral fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut-für program committee, I worked to unify the pro- Professor, Metallurgical and Metallforschung in Stuttgart from 1990 to 1992 gramming ideas from the four societies for the Materials Engineering Department and then at Los Alamos National Laboratory very first MS&T 2005; followed by the MS&T Director of the Colorado Center for from 1992 to 1993. 2006 as a program chair. I have worked through Advanced Ceramics Prior to his academic career, Reimanis a large number of the technical programming and Colorado School of Mines, Golden, worked at IBM at Yorktown Heights (1984 and administrative issues to produce a program that Colorado 1986) and at Los Alamos National Laboratory was acceptable to all, while maintaining ACerS as a Technical Staff Member (1993–1994) on a identity. I plan to work with Board and member- Ivar Reimanis Candidate statement wide variety of ceramics-related projects, includ- ship to further integrate MS&T programming. As I am honored to be a candi- ing armor and very high temperature ceramics. your board member, I will use my ACerS experi- date for the Board of Directors of The American Reimanis joined the faculty in the Metallurgical ence, coupled with the professional experience in Ceramic Society. During my Society membership and Materials Engineering Department at the the nuclear and fossil energy systems, to define the for the past 25 years, I have experienced a range Colorado School of Mines in 1994 where he future direction of the ACerS. of involvement that includes student membership, is now Full Professor and serves as Director of divisional participation and meeting and confer- the Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics. Biography ence organization. I have gotten to know the Reimanis was a Gledden Visiting Senior Fellow Jain is employed by URS Corporation as Society staff, many of my comembers as well as the in 2002 at University of Western Australia. In Material Science and Engineering Focus Area past and present leaders. As a listener and consen- 2007, Reimanis was awarded a U.S. Fulbright Manager at the National Energy Technology sus builder, I will use this experience to do the best for Bangalore, India, at the Indian Institute of Laboratory, Albany, Ore. He has more than 20 job in shaping the Society to the desired form of Science where he spent half an academic year years of industrial research and development expe- what the members want. with his family. rience, with 10 years in management, in addressing There have been many positive changes with- Reimanis has authored or coauthored about a wide range of nuclear and fossil energy issues. in ACerS in the past few years, including new 100 technical papers, holds two patents and has Jain earned his bachelor’s degree from Institute executive leadership and new energy at the vol- coedited several conference proceedings. His of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, unteer level that has created a society more adap- primary fields of research include mechanical

8 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 behavior of ceramics, but in the past decade he Station Restaurant and the Cooper Charitable at various youth events over the years. She is a has diversified his research to include synthesis Foundation. supporter of various youth programs, including and processing of transparent ceramics. He cur- Lora’s intention was to pursue a career in Pennsylvania Special Olympics, Pennsylvania rently has a diverse research portfolio sponsored accounting after graduation from the University Free Enterprise Week and the ACerS President’s by industrial and federal sources. of Pittsburgh in 1974, and she worked for Sauer, Council of Student Advisors. Lora was an Reimanis is currently a member of the Basic Ahlquist & Associates in Pittsburgh, Pa., and O. invited speaker on behalf of AACCM at the Science Division, the Engineering Ceramics David Fischer in Morristown, N.J., until 1977 1st International Congress on Ceramics and a Division, and the Glass and Optical Materials when her penchant for self employment led her keynote speaker for Pennsylvania Free Enterprise Division. In 2006–2007, he served as Chair and a partner to open for business in Morristown, Week. n of the Basic Science Division. Reimanis N.J. She accepted the position of Controller is now finishing his multiyear term on the at Du-Co in 1980 and served on the Board of Subcommittee on Meetings, which he now Directors as treasurer from 1983 through 2007. chairs along with the MS&T11 Programming Lora accepted the position of General Manager in Call for book authors Coordinating Committee. He also serves on the 1991 and was promoted to President in 2007. ACerS is seeking new authors or vol- Strategic Planning and Emerging Opportunities Lora has served as Treasurer of The American ume editors for textbooks, handbooks Committee. He is an associate editor for the Ceramic Society (2006–2008) as well as trea- and reference books on ceramics and Journal of the American Ceramic Society. surer (1990’s) and president (2004–2006) of the –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– American Association of Ceramic Component ceramics-related topics. President, Du-Co Ceramics Manufacturers. She also was treasurer of her Examples of book topics include Company daughter’s high school cheerleading parent oxides, non-oxides, composites; envi- Saxonburg, Pa. organization, which was by far her hardest ronmental and energy issues; fuel cells; assignment! Du-Co is an Engineering Division Candidate statement ACerS corporate member. Lora served on the ceramic armor; nanotechnology; glass Lora has experience serving board of Catalyst Connection (Pittsburgh, Pa.) and optical materials; electronic/func- on the Board of The American for six years as well as on the boards of numer- tional ceramic technology and applica- Lora Cooper Ceramic Society as Treasurer ous community organizations and foundations. tions; advanced ceramic materials; bio- Saiber from 2004 to 2006 as well as ser- Having been a member of the 1980 Women’s vice on various boards for profit Olympic Luge team, Lora remains a member of ceramics; ceramic engineering, manu- and nonprofit organizations over the years. Lora the Olympic Sixth Ring and has been a speaker facturing, processing and usage; ceramic has extensive business and leadership experience and a propensity for being an active participant who does not hesitate to voice her opinion. During her leadership years at Du-Co Ceramics Company there have been many changes affecting U.S. manufacturers making it necessary for her to recognize them, and to develop and implement strategies to maintain a leadership position. In 2008 Du-Co shipped more than 200 million custom-made ceramic components to more than 650 worldwide customers from two plants located in the United States. We attribute success to our commitment to being the best at what we do, willingness to adjust ourselves to a changing world and treating our customers and employees with respect and integrity. Lora believes ACerS is no exception to the reality that all organizations need to constantly assess and adjust their business plan if they want to remain viable. Lora believes the Board of ACerS needs to embrace the development of strategies for future services and products while retaining important traditions. She believes that any job worth doing is worth doing well and, if elected to the ACerS Board of Directors, would be fully engaged in the responsibilities of a board member.

Biography Lora Cooper Saiber is President of Du-Co Ceramics Company, a manufacturer serving a wide variety of global customers by producing engineered parts from various ceramic materials. Lora has overseen the operation of Du-Co facilities located in Saxonburg, Pa., since 1990 and Monroe, N.C., since its acquisition from SCI Inc. in 2007. Lora also manages Cooper

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 9 acers spotlight

design and properties; and health and in honor of the enormous contributions field of engineering ceramics, including safety issues. Authors and editors of its namesake made to the division and expansion of the knowledge base and new, original books receive royalties on to the field of engineering ceramics. commercial use thereof, and contribu- worldwide sales of their books, while The award recognizes the accomplish- tions to the visibility of the field and editors of proceedings volumes receive ments of individuals who have made international advocacy. The award complimentary copies of their books. similar contributions. The main crite- consists of a plaque, certificate, and an If you are an interested author or ria used in selecting the recipient are honorarium of $1000. Visit http://bit. editor, or simply have an idea that you long-term service to ECD, and work in ly/lUswIv for more information on sub- wish to share, please contact Anita the area of engineering ceramics that mitting a nomination. n Lekhwani at [email protected] or has resulted in significant industrial, Greg Geiger at [email protected] n national or academic impact. The 2011 BSD Secretary award consists of a memorial plaque, nominees named Nominations open for Mueller, certificate, and an honorarium of $1000. Visit http://bit.ly/jEsG9T for Two ACerS members, Wayne Bridge Building awards more information. D. Kaplan and Eduardo Saiz, have The Engineering Ceramics Division The Bridge Building Award recog- been nominated to serve as the invites nominations for its James I. nizes individuals outside of the United 2011 Secretary for the Basic Science Mueller and Bridge Building Awards. States who have made outstanding Division. All members of BSD are eli- The deadline for submitting nomina- contributions to engineering ceram- gible to vote in the upcoming election tions for both awards is July 15, 2011. ics. The main criteria used in selecting that runs from June 17th through July The James I. Mueller Award is given the recipient are contributions to the 16th. Kaplan is professor and dean in the Department of Materials Engineering at Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa Israel. Saiz is professor and chair in Structural Ceramics in the Department TARGET YOUR SEARCH. of Materials at Imperial College, London, U.K. All division members will be receiv- POST JOBS FOR FREE. ing mailed ballots and can also vote online if preferred, and all are urged to review the candidates’ biographies and statements posted on the BSD webpage before voting. Visit www.ceramics.org/divisions/ basic-science-division. n ACerS caReeR

cenTer In Memoriam Roy W. Rice Gunter Hermann

Some detailed obituaries also can be found on the ACerS website, www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam careers.ceramics.org

10 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5

Career_target3.indd 1 1/26/11 12:42 PM people in the spotlight

ICG awards 2011 Gottardi Prize to Mauro; Turner Award to Conradt During the opening session of the International Commission on Glass annual meeting in Shenzhen, China, the commission leaders presented the group’s Gottardi Prize to John Mauro of Corning Inc., and its Turner Award to Reinhard Conradt

of Sheffield (Credit: ICG.) University, U.K. John Mauro and ICG President Fabio The prize Mauro Nicoletti during the presentation of the received, initiated Gottardi Prize. in 1987 in memory of former ICG president Vittorio Gottardi, is awarded annually to young people with outstanding achieve- ments in the field of glass in research and development, teaching, writing, management or commerce. Mauro, born in Hornell, N.Y., obtained his bachelor’s degree in 2001 and his Ph.D. in glass engineering at Alfred University in 2006. He has been a research associate in Corning’s Science and Technology Division since 2001. In presenting the award, the ICG stated that Mauro “has established himself as one of the world’s leading authorities on the relaxation behavior of glass-forming melts and the phenom- enology associated with the supercooled liquid state and the glass transition.” ICG inaugurated the Turner Award in 2002 in memory of W.E.S. Turner, its first president and founder of the Department of Glass Technology at Sheffield University. It is presented annual to an individual who has made a noteworthy contribution to the ICG Technical Committees. Awardee Conradt received his diploma in physics and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry, and a habilitation at the RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Since 1997, he has been a professor of glass and ceramic composites at Sheffield. The German Society of Glass Technology honored him with its 1986 Industry and Award its 2001 Otto Schott Research Award “for his conception of a highly versatile approach to thermodynamic modeling of oxide melts and glass based on constitutional relations of equilib- (Credit: Schott AG.) Conradt rium phases and for the pioneering results

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 11 people in the spotlight

achieved by this approach in the evalu- p.m., as part of ACerS Annual Meeting Singh has been honored several ation of physical and chemical proper- events that will run concurrently with times by ACerS, including the Society’s ties, particularly chemical resistance, of Materials Science & Technology President, Richard M. Fulrath, Samuel technical multi-component glass.” 2011 Conference and Exhibition in Geijsbeek and James I. Mueller Awards. Conradt serves as a member of the Columbus, Ohio. n He has edited/coedited 42 books and “Glass Melting” Technical Committee journal volumes, nine book chapters (TC18) and as chairman of the AAAS elevates Singh to Fellow and published more than 235 papers in “Education and Training” Technical journals and proceedings. He currently Committee (TC23). n American serves on the advisory boards and com- Association for mittees of more than a dozen highly the Advancement Messing selected for Orton respected international journals and of Science technical publications. n Award, Lecture announced that Mrityunjay Singh, The Society’s Nychka gains APEGGA Edward Orton Jr. chief scientist of Memorial Lecture (Credit M. Singh.) Ohio Aerospace education award Singh Award Committee Institute, NASA The Association recently announced Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, of Professional that it has selected Ohio, has been made a Fellow of the Engineers, Gary Messing as organization. Geologists and Each year the AAAS council elects (Credit: M. Scott Johnson, Univ. Publications, PSU) its 2011 Orton Geophysicists Messing Lecture awardee. members whose “efforts on behalf of Alberta This award began in 1933 and recipi- of the advancement of science or its announced that applications are scientifically or socially ents are honored for their scholarly (Credit: APEGGA.) it has bestowed attainments in ceramics or related field. distinguished.” Nychka its Excellence in Messing is a Distinguished Professor of AAAS is the world’s largest scien- Education Award to John A. Nychka. Ceramic Science and Engineering in tific society and the honor of Fellow of Nychka is a professor in the the Department of Materials Science AAAS began in 1874. Department of Chemical and Materials and Engineering at Pennsylvania State Singh was honored for his pioneering Engineering at the University of University. He also leads the Messing and seminal contributions and global Alberta (Can.). He won the award “for Research Group at Penn State, which leadership in the field of science, engi- exemplary contributions to teaching focuses on sintering and engineered neering and applications of advanced and learning.” microstructures. ceramic and composite materials and APEGGA says Nychka is “a leader Messing received his B.S. in ceramic technologies.” in initiatives to improve the quality of engineering at Alfred University Singh is a member of the Board of undergraduate teaching. He exudes a and his Ph.D. in Materials Science Governors of Acta Materialia Inc. and passion for teaching and his innova- and Engineering at the University Academician of the World Academy tive use of props and demonstrations of Florida. He was a founding direc- of Ceramics, Italy. He is a Fellow of strengthens his student’s understand- tor of the NSF Industry/University The American Ceramic Society, ASM ing of materials science. His trademark Cooperative Research Center on International and the Institute of Mining, ‘What’s in the box?’ demonstrations Particulate Materials and became Minerals and Materials (U.K.). He is range from freezing rubber ducks to director of the Materials Research the recipient of more than 40 national breaking guitar strings and are always Laboratory in 1997. and international awards, including four sure to capture student interest through An ACerS Fellow and past president R&D 100 awards, FLC Technology the explanation of difficult concepts in of the Society, Messing is currently Transfer Award, NASA Public Service meaningful ways. editor-in-chief of the Journal of Materials Medal, NASA Silver Snoopy Award, Nychka’s accolade was one of nine Research. He has published more than Ishikawa International Carbon Prize, Summit Awards APEGGA presents 250 papers and coedited 13 books on Japan Fine Ceramics Association annually to recognize excellence across solution synthesis, phase transformations, International Prize and Gottfried a broad range of engineering and geo- processing-microstructure relations, sin- Wagner Memorial Award from Japan, science endeavors, particularly to those tering and templated grain growth. International Award from the European who have a significant positive impact As part of the award, Messing will be Ceramic Society and the Jacques-Lucas upon Alberta. n giving an honorary lecture Oct. 18, 1–2 Award from ASM International.

12 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 ceramics in the environment Two advanced-engineered ceramic coatings provide better resistance to volcanic ash The recent anniversary of the eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland underlines the importance of the work by a group of researchers at Ohio State University, led by ACerS member Nitin Padture. The group says that two types of specially engineered ceramic coatings for turbine engines can withstand, within limits, some of the highly damaging spalling effects volcanic ash can have on hot jet engines. Last year, air flight was curtailed as the plume of volcanic ash spread eastward toward Europe and then nearly as far south as the Iberian Peninsula before it started swirling back to the west, creating a widespread three-dimensional smear of ash clouds across many of the most active routes used by airlines and military aircraft. Although at one point NBC was reporting that the airlines might be losing $200 million daily because of the disruptions in the European airspace, the New York Times reported that the European Union’s estimates of the total economic loss was closer to $1 to $2 billion. This does not include the costs of disruptions to various governmental and military activities. Padture says that although much research has been done and knowledge gained about the effects of sand on turbine surfaces, the same hasn’t been true for effects of ash. Although both contain large amounts of silica and can be damaging, the two can act very differently. Also, while atmospheric sand is more per- vasive, it usually is found in lower concentrations than volcanic ash (in terms of milligrams per cubic meter). One problem is that the science of measuring the amounts

Powder Compaction Presses and Parts Handling Equipment Replacement Parts, Repair and Rebuild Services PTX Multipak Presses: • Anvil type 4, 6, 16, & 35 ton models • Conventional type: 2, 6, 16, & 35 ton models Simac Dry Bag Isostatic Presses (up to 2400 bar): • Monostatic series: — Single pressure vessel type • Densomatic series — Multiple (Credit: Peter Greenfield, OSU.) Photograph of the Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud. OSU researchers have discovered that a new class of ceramic coatings could offer jet engines special protection against volcanic ash damage in the future.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 13 ceramics in the environment

the ash concentra- release that stopping the penetration of tion is very high, the molten ash is all about keeping the catastrophic engine majority of the pores in the TBC open. failure can occur. ”The chemical reaction arrests the …Thus, there is penetration of the ash into the coat- a growing need to ings,” Gledhill says. “The unaffected build protective pores allow the coating to expand and measures within contract” and adjust to temperature modern jet engines changes. against damage The paper’s first author, Julie from a broad range Drexler, says that the need for new of undesirable sili- coatings is in part driven by airborne cate deposits.” contaminants, such as ash or sand, but The OSU she notes that the larger picture is that researchers looked turbines – for flight and energy-gener- at the strain tol- ation applications – are being pushed erance of two to higher operating temperatures. “We particular ceramic can get greater efficiencies at higher (Credit: Julie Drexler, Andrew Gledhill, and Nitin Padture, OSU.) Scanning electron microscope images (left) and correspond- coatings (applied temperatures, and, at higher tempera- ing maps of silicate ash penetration (right) for two materials via air plasma tures, standard TBCs will probably not used in the study. The cross sections show what happened spray) to test their be sufficient to protect metal compo- when the typical coating (top) and the gadolinium zirconate resistance to ash. nents because ash and sand damage will coating (bottom) interacted with Eyjafjallajökull ash at high One is a gadolinium increase,” says Drexler. “And, some of temperature. zirconate-based the new energy-related turbines will be

coating (Gd2Zr2O7), exposed to fly ash and may also be less of ash in the air is inexact, leading which Padture says is already commer- expensive to operate if they can run on atmospheric researchers to lean heavily cialized and being used in some Pratt & less-than-pure syngas.” toward warnings issuing cautions when Whitney engines. The other is a new The groups says the next step is to confronted with uncertainties in their zirconia–alumina coating developed by test the coatings in a new high-temper- data. Padture. ature component-testing rig to see how The desire to avoid the ash is under- In brief, the group prepared coated- they withstand repeated thermal cycles, standable. Ceramic engineers have metal samples of each and then used letting the material cool between blasts developed thermal barrier coatings that a furnace to see how they withstood of heat, a pattern that more closely are designed to protect the metallic exposure to ash samples for 24 hours resembles the temperature stresses tur- turbine blades and interior surfaces from at 1200°C in an air atmosphere. They bines face in real service. temperatures that can reach 1200°C. But then used electron microscopy to study “This study’s not going to solve ash can melt at these temperatures (the cross sections of the materials. all the problems of ash clouds and jet group says the Eyjafjallajökull ash melted With the Gd2Zr2O7 TBC, the group engines, but we are making progress, around 1160°C) and, if ingested, can found by looking at the EM images that and we’ve learned a lot about the phys- turn molten and adhere to the TBCs. the molten ash reacts with the coating to ics of the situation,” Padture says. Commonly, a yttrium-stabilized zirconia form a stable, apatite-type solid that pre- He says that is good to learn that the composition is used as a TBC, but the vents all but the initial penetration of the Gd2Zr2O7 TBC provides significantly YSZ isn’t tough enough to stand up to ash, and thus provides a margin of safety. more resistance to ash than ordinary the ash. Padture’s new composition showed YSZ coatings, but notes that these In a paper published in similar positive results. His coating – engines are used only on some aviation

Advanced Materials (doi:10.1002/ YSZ additionally containing Al2O3 and routes. And as for his new coating, he adma.201004783), Padture’s group TiO2 – reacts with the ash to from a notes that the United States military is warns, “This can result in a buildup of layer of anorthite, which also is imper- interested in his work and helping to a molten-glass deposit that penetrates vious and prevents further penetration fund some of the research. This support into the TBCs, causing them to spall- of the molten ash. may ultimately lead to broader com- off, exposing the bare metal to danger- One of the researchers, doctoral stu- mercial use of the YSZ+Al2O3 + TiO2 ously hot gases. In extreme cases where dent Andy Gledhill, explains in a news coating. n

14 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Are You Graduating Soon and Wondering What To Do?

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 15 advances in nanomaterials

Super-small erasable SketchSET transistor, ‘artificial atom’ could lead to super-big payoff Good news, Moore’s Law: You are An atomic-scale still not extinct. A group of research- depiction of the ers recently announced the develop- SketchSET shows ment of a single-electron transistor three wires (green that is said to be the first of its type bars) converging made entirely of oxide-based materi- on the central island als. Named SketchSET, the transistor (center green area), device demonstrates an approach to which can house making erasable electronics that require up to two electrons. about one-thousandth the area used Electrons tunnel from in Intel Pentium processors (i.e., at one wire to another through the island. the 45 nanometer production node). Conditions on the Moreover, one of the researchers says third wire can result it could lead to self-contained devices in distinct conductive that can create, as needed, their own properties. transistors as well as other electronic components and circuitry. (Credit: Jeremy Levy, Univ. of Pittsburgh.) A news release from University of in the research include Laboratório create a stark alternative to the cur- Pittsburgh describes the transistor as Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Brazil; rent chip fabrication systems. He says consisting of an island formation that Instituto de Física ‘Gleb Wataghin’, instead of enormous chip fab plants, can house up to two electrons. Accord- Universidade Estadual de Campinas- “In principle, what we are doing can ing to the release, “the number of UNICAMP, Brazil; University of be scaled down to the size of the object electrons on the island, which can be Wisconsin–Madison’s Department of in which that system we create – the only zero, one or two, results in distinct Materials Science and Engineering; and transistor system – would reside. So, conductive properties. Wires extend- Hewlett Packard Laboratories. in fact, you might imagine putting all ing from the transistor carry additional Short for “sketch-based single-elec- the capabilities required to create these electrons across the island.” tron transistor,” SketchSET’s name was structures within the object, itself, This research, published in reportedly coined by Levy because the something on the size of an (Apple) Nature Nanotechnology (doi:10.1038/ technique works like a microscopic Etch iPod Nano.” nnano.2011.56), reports that the tran- A Sketch, the drawing toy of Levy’s The group’s research is supported in sistor’s central component, an “island” youth that inspired his idea. The tech- part by grants from DARPA, the Army only 1.5 nanometers in diameter, oper- nique was originally developed in 2008. Research Office, NSF and the Fine ates with the addition of only one or Levy’s group leverages the proper- Foundation. two electrons. That capability would ties they find at the interface between a In addition to this research, Levy make the transistor important to a crystal of strontium titanate and a 1.2- also is leading a $7.5 million, multi- range of computational applications, nanometer layer of lanthanum alumi- institutional project to construct a from “ultradense nonvolatile memo- nate. Using the conducting probe of an semiconductor with properties similar ries, nanoscale hybrid piezoelectric and atomic force microscope, they can pre- to SketchSET. This five-year project charge sensors as well as building blocks cisely and reversibly toggle the metal– is intended to overcome some of the in quantum information processing and conductor transition in desired regions most significant challenges related to simulation platforms.” at the SrTiO3–LaAlO3 interface. They the development of quantum informa- According to the Pitt release, the then use these techniques to create wires tion technology. Levy is working on tiny central island also could be used as and transistors of nanometer dimensions. this project with researchers from Cor- an “artificial atom” for developing new Explicit in this is another important nell University, Stanford University, classes of artificial electronic materials, characteristic: These electronic devices University of Michigan, University of such as exotic superconductors with then can be “erased,” and the interface Wisconsin–Madison and University of properties not found in natural materials. can be used again. California, Santa Barbara. This project The lead researcher, Jeremy Levy, This work could represent a dis- began in August 2010 and is funded is a professor of physics and astronomy ruptive technology, in terms of how by the Air Force Office of Scientific at the University of Pittsburgh and a electronic devices are fabricated. Levy Research’s Multi-University Research member of The American Ceramic says in a brief video on this topic (see Initiative. Society. Other institutions involved below) that this work technology could Visit: http://epsilon.phyast.pitt.edu n

16 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Call for Papers Abstracts Due July 20, 2011

36TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES

January 22-27, 2012 Hosted at Hilton Daytona Beach Resort and Ocean Center Daytona Beach Florida, USA

www.ceramics.org/daytona2012

Organized by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society’s Engineering Ceramics Division

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 17 ceramics in energy

Some U.S. battery companies responding to microhybrid demand At least two companies based in the United States are getting into the market for microhybrid vehicles. Microhybrid vehicles are designed around relatively simple electric generation and storage technology focused on brake–acceleration, start–stop cycles. The first Axion Power International. Reuters news service recently ran a story about how Axion intends to double its New Castle, Pa., plant to make a special lead-based battery for the microhybrid market. 1 e-Booster Axion, according to this news 1a Energy convertor account, will be able to produce one 1b Supercapacitor million batteries per year using what 2 Battery it calls a “multicelled asymmetri- 3 Start & stop controller cally supercapacitive lead–acid–carbon 4 Reversible alternator 5 HDi engine

hybrid battery.” Axion says this battery (Credit: Peugeot.) uses a proprietary five-layer (a carbon Peugeot 308 e-HDi microhybrid, just put on the European market. electrode, a corrosion barrier, a current collector, a second corrosion barrier A story on the Green Car Congress at start–stop technology because it and a second carbon electrode) cathode website reports that A123 is offering to is arguably the most evolutionary in assembly. microhybrid makers its 12-volt AMP20 change from today’s technology and is The company, in business since Prismatic Pouch Cell, originally the easiest to integrate. It doesn’t take 2003, is targeting car makers who designed for PHEV and EV applica- long to engineer the vehicles, and they cater to the European auto market. tions. A123 Systems company officials can take another step toward their fuel According to the Reuters story, interest say this Li-ion battery will outperform economy targets with comparatively in Axion batteries didn’t take off until absorbed glass mat lead batteries (in modest investments.” the European Union passed regulations use by some microhybrid makers) in Microhybrids reportedly boost fuel requiring that, beginning next year, 65 the areas of charge acceptance, lower economy by 15 to 25 percent. The percent of new cars must achieve an alternator loads, better fuel economy, compelling argument for microhybrids average fuel economy of 42 miles per weight and lifetime. versus PHEVs seems to be the lower gallon, and that percentage and MPG The GCC story goes on to report initial investment for car buyers com- climbs sharply each subsequent year. that the company originally got pulled pared with a PHEV and that, appar- Axion says it has been in talks with into offering a 12-volt product for a ently, the systems can even be retrofit- BMW and other car makers. Nearly somewhat esoteric space in the battery ted to regular and even existing hybrids every European car manufacturer has a market called “Starting, Lighting and to provide significant fuel savings. Plus, microhybrid model on sale (there are Ignition” storage. However, the com- conceptually, it might make more sense none currently for sale in the U.S.). pany says it is working with at least one as a transitional technology until there CEO Thomas Granville told Reuters major-but-unnamed OEM on a micro- is enough demand and incentives to that the company has added chem- hybrid system. flesh out the infrastructure for PHEVs. ists, engineers and others, plus has The Reuters story on A123 Systems The attitude toward microhybrids been installing a robotic assembly line. quotes Jeff Kessen, vice president of among U.S. car makers may be chang- Axion also is interested in working automotive marketing and communica- ing. For example, it appears that manu- with some of the big lead–acid battery tions, as saying, “In the microhybrid facturers, such as Ford, believe it isn’t makers, saying on its website that its space in particular, we have five cus- very difficult to integrate this “milder” electrode system could easily be adapted tomers that we’re currently working version of hybrid technology into their to traditional battery assembly lines. with, and one of those has already entire product and marketing strategy. Another battery maker eyeing the awarded us a production contract. … n microhybrid market is A123 Systems. Most auto manufacturers are looking

18 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 research briefs Editor’s note: Iowa State University Ph.D. candidate Randilynn Christensen is the lead author of this paper, which won the Glass & Optical Materials Division’s Norbert J. Kreidl Award for Young Scholars. The Kreidl Award, given annually in recognition of excellence in research by a graduate student based on an extended abstract of a nominees’s work, was presented to Christensen in May 2011 at the GOMD annual meeting in Savannah, Ga. Mixed glass-former effect in sodium borophosphate glass By Randilynn Christensen, Jennifer Byer, Garrett Olson, Steve W. Martin and Xu Shu Energy storage is a growing concern observed, it is seen as hav- in an ever-increasing battery-driven ing negative or positive society. Batteries power everything effects.5–8 However, the from cell phones to computers to effect of decreased con- medical devices. Development of safer, ductivity with increased smaller and longer-lasting batteries is in modifier is observed when demand. Ion-conducting glasses are an the amount of modifier is important type of solid electrolytes that varied. could be used to answer this need. To engineer higher Unfortunately, many known ion- ion-conducting glasses by conducting glasses, such as binary lithium MGFE, we must find the oxide glasses with conductivities in the cause of the effect. There- 10–7 to 10–8 siemens per centimeter range, fore, we have undertaken a are not conductive enough for practical comprehensive study of the use.1 If ion-conducting glasses are to be physical properties, struc- used as commercial solid electrolytes, ture and effect of composi- Fig. 2: Density of yNa2O + (1-y)[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass. we must find a method of increasing the tion on MGF glasses over Dotted lines are linear guides for the eye. The open circle ionic conductivity of these glasses. multiple glass systems. at y=0.5, x=1 is an extrapolated value from the literature. According to Deshpande,2 there are This study attempts to four methods of increasing ionic con- determine the cause of the ductivity: increased modifier content; MGFE, to what extent rapid quenching; salt addition; and use that cause is universal and of mixed glass formers. the ion conduction meth- Alkali mixed glass-former glasses, od of the MGF glasses. such as Bi2O3 + B2O3 + LiO2 and Li2S

+ SiS2 + GeS2, exhibit increased alkali- Exploration ion conductivity up to two orders of We explored the link magnitude. However, we are uncertain between physical proper- of the cause of this increase.3,4 This ties, structure and compo- phenomenum is known as the mixed sition of yNa2O + (1 – y) glass-former effect and is defined by a (xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) nonlinear, nonadditive change in ionic glasses, where y = 0.35, conductivity. Although MGFE has been 0.5 and x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 …, reported in the literature, researchers to determine the cause of have not found it to be universal in all MGFE (Fig. 1). We held Fig. 3 Molar volume of yNa2O + (1-y)[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] MGF glasses. To the extent it has been the amount of modifier glass. Dotted lines are linear guides for the eye. constant to eliminate the possibility that increased We provided all glasses with com- conductivity is simply a function of parable thermal histories by annealing increased numbers of charge carriers. them at 40°C below the glass transition We exchanged the glass formers on a point for 0.5 hour and cooling at 2°C 1:1 molar basis to eliminate the pos- per minute to room temperature. We sibility that increased conductivity is a then checked all glasses for crystallinity function of increased or decreased num- using X-ray diffractometry.

ber of moles of glass former. The densities of yNa2O + (1 – y)

Because MGFE is observed in the (xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses, where ionic conductivity physical property, we y = 0.35, 0.5 (Fig. 2) show a positive also examined other physical properties, nonlinear and nonadditive change as a function of changing glass former. The Fig. 1 Diagram of the ternary Na2O + such as density and glass transition tem-

B2O3 + P2O5 glass system. perature, for a mixed glass-former effect. increase in density indicates a more

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 19 research briefs

from linearity in a positive nonadditive manner with a corresponding negative deviation in activation energy (Fig. 5). As we saw in the glass transition temperature and density data, the maximum deviation from linear occurred at x = 0.4. Fig. 5 Ionic d.c. conductivity (open sym- Structures predicted bols) and calculated activation energy

The properties of a glass (closed symbols) of the 0.35Na2O +

are controlled by the struc- 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass system. ture, which in turn is con- Fig. 4 Glass transition temperatures of yNa2O + (1-y) trolled by the composition glasses. Phosphorous is a much stronger [xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glass. Error bars are smaller than symbols. Dotted lines are linear guide for the eyes of the glass. Therefore, we Raman scatterer than boron. There- investigated the structures fore, the resulting spectra are not of the glasses to explain the quantitative. The binary glasses in the

changes in density, glass 0.35Na2O + 0.65(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) transition temperature and glass system (Fig. 7(a)) show evidence ionic conductivity. of P3 units (approximately 1,300 per The binary glasses centimeter), P2 units (approximately 3 4 Na2O + B2O3 and Na2O 1,160 per centimeter) and B and B

+ P2O5 are well studied units (approximately 770 per centime- in the literature.9-11 We ter).5,9,14 When x is increased, the P3 used the information on and P2 peaks shift to lower wave num- these glasses to identify bers, which indicates changes in the and predict the structure surrounding network. In addition, new of yNa O + (1 – y)(xB O peaks grow in at 970 per centimeter Fig. 6 Structural units for sodium phosphate and sodium 2 2 3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses. and 1,065 per centimeter, which indi- borate glasses. Structural units with a negative charge 1 form ionic bonds with +Na ions to become neutral. The literature shows that cates the presence of P and possible structural units are pres- P—O—B bridging. tightly packed structural network and ent in Na2O + B2O3 and Glasses in the 0.5Na2O + 0.5(xB2O3 9,12-14 corresponds to a decrease in molar vol- Na2O + P2O5 glasses (Fig. 6). For + (1 – x)P2O5) system show the ume (Fig. 3). the purpose of this paper, we did not expected P2 unit peaks (approximately consider boron super-structures. 1,170 per centimeter) in the x = 0 glass Properties evaluated The literature states that 35 percent (Fig. 7(b)). The binary sodium borate The glass transition temperatures sodium, 65 percent phosphate glass is equivalent cannot be made. As with (Fig. 4) also show a positive nonlinear composed of approximately 45 percent the y = 0.35 system, the phosphorous and nonadditive change as a function P3 units and approximately 55 per- peaks shift down in wave number with of composition. The increased glass cent P2 units. Sodium phosphate glass increased x, which indicates changes in transition temperature implies a more with 50 percent modifier, 0.5Na2O + the surrounding network. Peaks grow 2 connected network. The maximum 0.5P2O5, is composed only of P units. at approximately 935 per centimeter deviation from linear in the glass transi- Sodium borate glass with 35 percent and approximately 1,020 per centime- tion temperature and density for the y modifier, 0.35Na2O + 0.65B2O3, is ter, which indicates the presence of = 0.35 and y = 0.5 systems occurs at x composed of approximately 55 percent P0 and P1 units, respectively. P1 units = 0.4. The density and glass transition tetrahedral units and approximately 45 appear in y = 0.35 glass and P0 units temperature show the expected decrease percent trigonal units. Borate glasses appear in y = 0.5 glass, which suggests in MGFE with increased modifier. with 50 percent modifier, 0.5Na2O + that the glass structure is not based on

As the glass structure became more 0.5B2O3, are composed of approximately fixed Na:P and Na:B ratios. We used dense and connected, we expected that 60 percent trigonal units and approxi- magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic the ionic mobility would decrease, lead- mately 40 percent tetrahedral units. resonance to quantify the number of ing to a negative MGFE. However, we We used Raman spectroscopy to atomic units present in the glasses. found the ionic conductivity to deviate identify the structures present in all 11B MAS-NMR showed strong boron

20 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 (a) (a) (b)

(b)

Fig. 7 Raman spectroscopy of a) 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses and b)

0.5Na2O + 0.5[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses.

(a) (b)

(c)

11 Fig. 8 Fractions of boron atomic units as calculated from B MAS-NMR in a) 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB O + (1-x)P O ] glasses. b) 0.5Na O + 0.5[xB O + (1-x)P O ] glasses. 2 3 2 5 2 2 3 2 5 Fig. 10 Fraction of boron atomic units based on numerical models for0.35Na O (a) (b) 2 + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses. a) Model 1. b) Model 2. c) Model 3. to calculate the number of tetrahedral boron in a binary alkali borate glass. The same equation works for the P2 unit of phosphorous. We used Eqs. (2) through (6) to approximate a ternary glass as a binary glass and its modified units. In Model 1, we assume that the Na:B ratio is constant over changing compo-

11 4 sition (Eq. (2)). Fig. 9 B MAS-NMR spectra of the B peak in a) 0.35Na2O + 0.65[xB2O3 + (1-x)P2O5] glasses. b) 0.5Na O + 0.5[xB O + (1-x)P O ] glasses. In Model 2, we assume that the Na:B 2 2 3 2 5 ratio is not constant but that boron is modification in the phosphorous-rich it is probable that B4 units bridging to modified first (Eq. (3)). Phosphorous regions (x = 0, 0.1 ...) of the y = 0.35 phosphorous units are the cause of this is modified with the remaining sodium and y = 0.5 systems (Figs. 8(a) and peak (Figs. 9(a) and 9(b)). (Eq. (4)). 8(b)).13,15,16 The B4 peak shows a shift In Model 3, we assume that the Na:B to lower concentration with increased Numerical models ratio is not constant but that phospho- phosphorous content and the growth of We created simple numerical models rous is modified first (Eq. (5)). Then a new peak. Because the Raman spectra to better understand the results of the boron is modified with the remaining indicate B—O—P bonding, we suggest 11B MAS-NMR data. We used Eq. (1) sodium (Eq. (6)).

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 21 research briefs

We see the structural units P1 and P0 in the Raman spectra when phosphorous is the minority glass former in y = 0.35 and y = 0.5 glass, respectively.

MGRE observed We observed MGFE in all of the

physical properties studied in yNa2O +

(1 – y)(xB2O3 + (1 – x)P2O5) glasses, where y = 0.35, 0.5. All data indicate that changing structure causes the MGFE. The structure is based on a changing modifier to glass-former ratio, which causes the minority glass former to be more heavily modified than the majority glass former. How the changing structure corresponds to increased ionic conductivity requires further anaylsis. Further studies also are needed to ascer- tain the method of ion conduction.

References 1C.H. Lee et al., Solid State Ionics, 149, 59–65 (2002). Models 1, 2 and 3 are 2V.K. Deshpande, Ionics, 10, 2026 (2004). shown in Figs. 10(a), 3A. Pradel, N. Kuwata and M. Ribes, J. Phys.: 10(b) and 10(c), respec- Condens. Matter, 15, S1561–S1571 (2003). tively, for 0.35Na O + 2 4A. Agarwal et al., J. Alloys Compd., 377, 225–31 0.65(xB O + (1 – x) DoubleTree by Hilton Orlando 2 3 (2004). at Sea World® in Orlando, FL P O ) glasses. When we 2 5 5D. Zielniok, C. Cramer and H. Eckert, Chem. January 18-20, 2012 compare Fig. 8(a) with Mater., 19, 3162–70 (2007). the models in Fig. 10, we 6P. Kluvanek, R. Klement and M. Karacon, J. conclude that the Na:B Non-Cryst. Solids, 353, 2004–2007 (2007). ratio does not remain Electronic Materials and 7L.F. Maia and A.C.M. Rodrigues, Solid State constant. We therefore Ionics, 168, 87–92 (2004). suggest that the minor- Applications 2012 8A. Pradel et al., Chem. Mater., 10, 2162–66 ity glass former is more (1998). heavily modified than 9S.W. Martin, Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem., 28, the majority glass for- 163–205 (1991). mer. 10E.I. Kamitsos and G.D. Chryssikos, J. Mol. When we exam- Struct., 247, 1–16 (1991). ined the models of the 11B.N. Meera and J. Ramakrishna, J. Non-Cryst. 0.5Na2O + 0.5(xB2O3 Solids, 159, 1–21 (1993).

+ (1 – x)P2O5) system, 12E.I. Kamitsos, A.P. Patsis, M.A. Karakassides we found them to be and G.D. Chryssikos, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 126, in agreement with the 52–67 (1990). conclusions of the y = 13G.E. Jellison Jr. and P.J. Bray, J. Non-Cryst. 0.35 system. Solids, 29, 187–206 (1978). Although 31P MAS- 14E.I. Kamitsos and M.A. Karakassides, Phys. NMR results are needed Chem. Glasses, 30, 19–26 (1989). for a complete picture, 15R.K. Brow, R.J. Kirkpatrick and G.L. Turner, J. Raman spectroscopy Non-Cryst. Solids, 116, 39–45 (1990). Abstracts Due supports the idea that 16W. Strojek and H. Eckert, Phys. Chem., 8, August 3, 2011 phosphorous is highly 2276–285 (2006). n www.ceramics.org/ema2012 modified when it is a minority glass former.

22 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Students bulletin cover story oday’s materials science students are solving Tgetting more out of higher education than what the classroom alone can offer real-world them. From solving problems and developing ideas in industry to K–12 outreach, these students are taking their education to another materials level through community involvement. Through student programs, such as Material Advantage, Keramos and ACerS President’s Council of Student science Advisors (PCSA), students participate in outreach programs to inspire the next generation. In Jaime George’s article, “Making outreach easy with portable demonstra- problems tion kits,” you’ll discover how a group of PCSA delegates developed a set of simple demonstrations that fit into an easy-to-carry case. Also, Tricia Nicol sums up a trip by By Kate Baldwin, editor Material Advantage students to Washington D.C., where they advocated to raise awareness and support for science, math and engineering at the Science–Engineering– Technology Congressional Visits Day. It’s never too early to start making connections in industry. Erica Marden discusses some of the different ways undergraduate students collaborate with industries to solve real-world problems in “The value of undergraduate design courses.” And, in “Better sound through cooperation,” Salem Maud discusses how a group of Virginia Tech students is helping industry-partner Taylor Guitars design a glass-ceramic saddle. In addition, MSE students are helping to develop better ways to cure cancer, such as Penn State sophomore Stephen Weitzner and his research group working on the development of nanoscale drug delivery carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. (Also, be sure to check out Randilynn Christensen’s Kreidl-Award- winning paper in Research Briefs, page 19.) (Credit: Peter Wray, ACerS) With the help of student groups and inspiring teachers, MSE undergraduates and graduates are stretching the boundaries of the classroom. Dedicated, hard-working students are making important connections in the working world early in their college careers, and many of them also are doing their part to teach the next wave of students about their love of this fascinating field. n

AmericanAmerican Ceramic Ceramic Society Society Bulletin, Bulletin, Vol. Vol. 90, 90, No. No. 5 5 2323 Demonstration kits

Portable demo kits make outreach easy By Jaime George Scientific exploration for younger learners At an age in life where recess is the favored class (with lunch- time a close second) and scientific myths about cooties run- s materials scientists, ning rampant through we understand the the hallways, taking A a less serious look at importance of outreach in science is a great way our field. Outreach efforts to capture the attention introduce many middle and of our future scientists. (Credit: Kristen Brookshire) high school students to the As a physics student Brookshire helps elementary school students develop inter- concept of materials engi- at Willamette Univer- ests in science as part of her school’s outreach program. sity a small liberal neering and are crucial in arts college in Oregon, I was given the challenge of captivating the attention of recruiting students into the 40 distracted eight-to ten-year-old kids for two hours every week through the major. These outreach efforts Willamette Science Outreach Program. William Webber, who had a strong passion are often conducted by cur- for community enrichment and civic duty, founded the WSOP program. rent students within the The WSOP program provides a one-year Webber Scholarship to four undergradu- field, usually in conjunction ate women students in science and math programs at Willamette University. with Keramos and Material Each year, the four students visit a local elementary school to get them excited about science and give them a first glimpse at the scientific method. The main Advantage chapters. goal of this program is not to focus on one area of science, but to spark the inter- One of the most effec- est of young learners toward scientific discovery and exploration. Each lesson is tive ways of reaching high structured around the scientific method: ask a question; construct a hypothesis; school students (and actual- test the hypothesis; and draw a conclusion. Thus, it is not the task that is critical, ly getting them to listen) is but rather the development of critical thinking. to allow them to participate My favorite example of this is the “Marshmallow Catapult,” in which the students learn about levers. There is nothing like flinging marshmallows across a room in in demonstrations of materi- the quest for optimum catapult construction to get kids excited. This combination als science. While this may of learning, play and individual exploration through a structured method keeps be easy at a university set- science fun and children engaged. ting where there are labora- In the end, after more than a dozen days shared with these students, I am sure no tories and an abundance of one remembered that a shower uses 2.5 gallons of water a minute, that the jelly potential demonstrations on bean game was actually a demonstration of invasive species or why exactly it was hand, it is much harder to that a pumice stone floats, but they took away a new way of looking at the world. They now know a different way to question the things that are going on around take these demonstrations them. They found out that science is more than just a bunch of confusing facts to on the road. memorize and long tests. Many of the students even boasted of plans to become The President’s Council of Student a scientist in the future, too. It is so important to remember that science is fun and Advisors decided to make outreach hands-on and exciting – especially in the eyes of the youngest learners. n easier by creating a small, portable kit that would contain materials sci- – Kirsten Brookshire

24 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Fig. 1 After using tile nippers to break the safety glass, students can see the difference between how strengthened how safety glass, which is used in car glass (front) and unstrengthened windows, has improved mechanical glass (back) break. properties over standard sheet glass. Sheet of tempered glass and standard glass are covered in contact paper, which keeps the pieces intact after the glass is broken. For the purpose of the demonstration, the glass sheets can be suspended between two blocks of wood. Students can stand on the safety glass and will see that it doesn’t break. Next, a steel ball can be dropped onto both sheets of glass, and the students will see that the safety glass survives, while the unstrengthened glass breaks (Figure 1). The outreach volunteers can explain the concept of compression and tension layers and how this leads to increased strength. Finally, tile nippers can be used to make a cut in one corner of Fig. 2 These students are participating in one of the demonstrations that will be includ- the safety glass sheet and the entire ed in the kit. The students are learning the strength of safety glass, which is thermally piece will break into small pieces. Once tempered, compared with the strength of glass that hasn’t been tempered. again, the idea of tension and compres- ence demonstrations intended for high heat; annealing of metals to remove sion can be used to explain the differ- schools. Ideally, the kit would include a dislocations; superconducting ceramics; ence in how the pieces broke. Students variety of demonstrations for ceramics, piezoelectricity and applications; effect from Missouri University of Science polymers, metals and glass as well as of material composition on properties; and Technology performed this demon- detailed instructions on the execution how glass fibers are made; how micro- stration to a group of other university of each of the demonstrations, scientific structure affects mechanical properties; students and faculty at the Materials background on the principle or prop- how temperature affects materials; and Science and Technology conference erty shown and instructions on how to shape memory effect. (Figure 2). replace items from the kit as they are For each of the demonstrations, a These kits will be effective in help- used. The materials would be either list was compiled of what materials ing with outreach efforts and can be reusable or easy to replace locally, and would be needed, and the hunt began enjoyed by students of all ages. The the kit would be small – perhaps in a to find the best place to purchase the demo kits provide the opportunity to portable case that one person could items. The next step in implement- garner interest in science and engineer- carry. And finally, the kit would be as ing the plan was to find funding. With ing, introduce students and teachers to inexpensive as possible. the generous help of The American the field of materials science and help The first order of business to get Ceramic Society, the National Institute with university recruitment efforts. For this idea started was to decide what of Ceramic Engineers and several other more information about the demon- demonstrations the kit would con- donors, the PCSA’s efforts have come stration kits, contact Cory Bomberger, tain. The PCSA delegates started to to fruition. A prototype of the demo ACerS PCSA chair, at cory.bomberger ask students from different materials kit has been successfully assembled and @gmail.com or by phone at 570-447- science programs what outreach dem- several more will be assembled soon. 3469. onstrations they did and which ones These initial demo kits will be distrib- were the most effective. The submis- uted to selected schools that are cho- About the author sions were sorted by the property or sen from an application process. The Jaime George received her B.S. in principle that was demonstrated and schools will use the kits for a trial peri- biomedical materials engineering sci- the feasibility of including it in the kit. od and provide feedback to the PCSA, ence from the Kazuo Inamori School of Eventually, the list was narrowed down who will make adjustments to the kit Engineering at Alfred University. She to 10 demonstrations that would teach if necessary. Following the adjustment is currently a second year Ph.D. student different principles. The concepts that stage, the demo kits will be available at Missouri S&T, where she works on the PCSA delegates decided would for student groups or individuals to pur- bioactive borate glasses. She has been be represented in the kits are strength chase at the cost of the materials. active in Material Advantage and improvement of tempered glass; ability One demonstration that will be Keramos since 2006 and is serving her of refractory ceramics to protect against included in the kit will demonstrate third year as a PCSA delegate. n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 25 Influential instructors

‘The times they are a-changing,’ and Olivia Graeve is helping to make it happen

By James P. Kelly ate courses with Graeve and learned rials such as lutetium oxyorthosilicate, not only a few things about electron alumina, barium aluminum silicate, microscopy, but also that she is a com- hydroxyapatite, carbides, borides, zir- have been attending petent teacher. She is prepared for conia, titania, zinc oxide, metals and Alfred University as a each class, organized, provides adequate amorphous metal alloys. Graeve also is I information with practical examples interested in spark plasma sintering to ceramic engineering student and makes students work hard (a recipe consolidate these materials. off and on from 2002 until for a great academic environment). I highly respect Graeve’s efforts as an I have been excited about Graeve’s advisor. She is intimately involved in now, and the atmosphere research from the time she interviewed her projects. As a group, we meet on a has been excitingly dynam- for a faculty position at Alfred. I had weekly basis to discuss research progress. ic. I have fond memories of been developing my interest in ceramic She also encourages regular meetings processing and in non-oxide ceramics. with our research committees. I think many professors, now either retired or in positions else- where, who have touched the lives of many current and soon-to-be professionals. While it is nice to think about good memories of past professors, it also is important to look forward. All of the faculty members who have left the school of engineering have opened a door for fresh minds and new ideas to enter. Alfred University has provided new Left to right (standing): James Kelly, Brandon Williams, Mike Saterlie, Raghunath opportunities by hiring new Kanakala, Kate Glass, and Olivia Graeve (seated). faculty, including the addi- I wanted to take my interests further all of this is to be expected from an and study the processing of nano-non- advisor, but it is going beyond this that tion of associate professor oxides, and Graeve had the perfect makes working with Graeve a unique Olivia Graeve. project for me to accomplish this. and pleasurable experience for me. As a student, I embrace the The Nanomaterials Processing More than anything else, I appreci- changes that are being made at Alfred Laboratory focuses on the design and ate the opportunities that Graeve has University, and I am excited about the fundamental understanding of synthesis created for me and the encouragement new possibilities that have been emerg- and sintering processes that have the she has given me to pursue research ing. I was very enthused to hear that potential for delivering nanostructured beyond my thesis work. I lead multiple Graeve was forming the Nanomaterials materials. Graeve’s research group has projects and assist with other projects Processing Laboratory at Alfred in 2008. experience with nanopowder synthesis (teamwork). I have the opportunity to While I was finishing my M.S. degree, techniques, including reverse micelle participate in writing a book chapter I approached Graeve and discussed my synthesis, combustion synthesis, solvo- with her and to submit a patent appli- future goals with her. Since then she has thermal synthesis, precipitation meth- cation. She has given me many presen- been helping me facilitate these goals. ods, high-energy milling and variations tation opportunities directed at several I have taken one of my gradu- of these techniques to synthesize mate- audiences, and she encourages me to

26 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 apply for and participate in unique and M.S. degrees in ceramic engineer- Fraternity, Tau Beta Pi National Honor opportunities. Graeve, along with her ing from Alfred University, graduat- Society and the Honor Society of Phi colleagues, is bringing a new and refreshing cum laude and with institutional Kappa Phi. His current research inter- ing perspective to Alfred University, and honors. He is currently working on his ests include the synthesis, processing, I am glad to be a part of it. Ph.D. in ceramic engineering at Alfred consolidation and characterization of University. He is a member of Material non-oxide ceramics and composites. n About the author Advantage, Materials Research James P. Kelly received his B.S. Society, Keramos Ceramic Engineering

A scientific adventure at Boise State

By Steven Letourneau the TEM. He also has been an integral part in the development of first met Rick Ubic the BSCMC. In the I when I joined the Boise past four years he has State Center for Materials acquired $654,000 in funding for the Center Characterization in 2007, in sample preparation shortly after he arrived in instruments and analytical tools as well as Boise from the University external funding for two of London. With an exten- postdoctoral research sive background in elec- (Credit: Steven Letourneau) associates and several Rick Ubic, left, with Letourneau. graduate and under- tron microscopy, Ubic has This work improved my understanding graduate students. His relationship helped shape my future in of TEM analysis, and my knowledge with students is very open, and he is crystallography and crystal of X-ray and neutron diffraction tech- always happy to chat with them about niques. Determining crystal structures topics academic and social in nature. chemistry using the trans- of such complex perovskites can be His openness is most apparent when mission electron micro- challenging because of the potential he meets with students for class ques- for cation ordering, which is a function tions. From personal experience, I have scope. of differences in ionic size and charge, always found him to be very helpful Before pursuing my undergraduate cation displacements, and octahedral when answering questions, because he degree, I had worked for three years in tilting – all of which are functions of helps each student through a problem the semiconductor industry in a TEM composition. until they fully understand the process analysis laboratory . Having a TEM Following a methodical approach for obtaining a solution. background made me a great candidate to analysis under Ubic’s guidance has to work with Ubic’s research on struc- given me a better understanding of About the author ture–property relationships in dielectric crystal systems as well as an epistemo- Steven Letourneau grew up in materials. I first started working on logical process for tackling all research Madison, Wisconsin, where his interest a project investigating the influence and determining what can and cannot in science began. After obtaining an of calcium on Sr MgTeO doubled 2 6 be proven unambiguously. Coauthoring associate’s degree in electron microsco- perovskites in collaboration with Ubic’s two papers with him also has given me py from a Madison-area technical col- colleagues in India and Germany. My great exposure to publication writing as lege, he worked at Micron Technology introduction to this field was exciting a student and has helped me generally Inc., a semiconductor company based because of the complex problem solving in my course assignments. in Boise, Idaho. He left to pursue his needed to determine crystal symmetry. Ubic’s influence in the college has B.S. in materials science and engineer- Electron diffraction is an especially greatly added to the availability and ing at Boise State University, where powerful tool for investigating oxygen use of all electron microscopy tools. he was employed in the Boise State octahedral tilt systems in complex He created and still teaches the intro- Center for Materials Characterization. perovskites and can be combined with duction and advanced TEM classes, He plans to start his graduate studies other types of diffraction techniques encouraging graduate and undergradu- at the University of Illinois at Urbana- to solve for a complete atomic model. ate students to understand and use Champaign this fall. n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90,89, No. 5 27 Influential instructors

Penn State professor inspires students

By Andrew Paul energetic and result in too many defects outcomes of the material covered. to make practical use of the material. When asked what rewards warranted Engel-Herbert’s method to reduce the the time put into teaching the course, s a young student in point defect concentrations combines he responded, “The progression of the pursuit of a career in the applications of molecular beam epi- students and their ‘Aha!’ moments dis- A taxy with metal-organic chemical vapor covering new information motivates me materials science, my first deposition. These low-energy deposi- to teach.” priority was to delve into tion techniques show potential and I can see that his motivation also have led to a more controlled growth of stems from his enthusiasm, which was the research that is propel- oxide thin films. first unveiled to me when I asked to get ling the field forward. The The instruments necessary for this involved. Our first meeting lasted three numerous opportunities research are undoubtedly exciting, but hours! The dedication he had to teach they have not arrived yet! The con- me from the beginning amazed me. I at Penn State University struction on the new lab housing these never thought a professor would invest made the decision of which precious tools will be completed in August. Now a new group to join difficult, but challenge comes barreling in the end, I decided to get down onto our new professor involved with a new pro- at Penn State – organizing and assembling a new lab. fessor on campus, Roman Most students do not have Engel-Herbert. the opportunity to be a part Engel-Herbert began pursuing a of the development of a new degree in physics at Friedrich-Schiller lab, and I am very privileged University in Jena, Germany. He to be involved in this unique completed his graduate studies at the process. The organization and Paul-Drude Institute for Solid State labor necessary to handle this Electronics and later received his daunting task is intense, and Ph.D. in semiconductor physics from hopefully, I can relieve some Humboldt University in Berlin. After stress that will fall on Engel- being titled visiting scientist at the Herbert’s shoulders. In conjunction with this

University of Waterloo in Canada (Credit: Andrew Paul) and doing postdoctoral work at the opportunity that Engel- Paul, right, gets motivation from Engel-Herbert’s University of California Santa Barbara, Herbert has provided me, I enthusiam. Engel-Herbert ventured to Penn State also am taking his course in to advance his career and, most pas- solid-state materials. This course focus- that much time into an undergrad, and sionately, his research. es on solid structures and the manipula- I immediately knew why Penn State Engel-Herbert’s current research goal tion of their electronic properties. This chose him for the job. The excitement is to improve the quality of complex is the first class of its kind that I have he shares with his students attests to his oxide thin films. Synthesizing complex taken, and it has raised many questions passion in discovering new techniques oxides requires a level of quality com- that retain my curiosity. and processes to share with the scien- parable with the production of silicon. The class is a challenge for Engel- tific community. He is an inspiration to The research efforts undertaken by Herbert’s students and for him as his students, and hopefully one day, I material scientists in the electronic well. One of the biggest challenges he can be as successful in sharing my expe- industry and academia have driven sili- faces is teaching students with varying riences with those around me. con to its intrinsic property limits, and knowledge of the subject. Sophomores oxide thin films may be the next alter- to seniors participate in the classroom, About the author native. Because the stoichiometry of and engaging the entire class can prove Andrew Paul is a second year under- oxide thin films has been improved and difficult, especially when there is no graduate student pursuing a B.S. in their defect concentrations reduced, previously established course material. materials science and engineering at they have become a viable option. After every class, students line up to the Pennsylvania State University. His However, many techniques used to ask questions ranging from the basics interest is in the field of ferromagnetic make these oxide thin films are highly of the day’s lecture to the potential materials. n

28 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Thermodynamics professor takes a refreshing approach

By Kirsten Brookshire Beyond a seamless ability to blend two levels of learning into one lecture period, making thermodynamics eginning a graduate fun brought a new excitement to this program can be, and course. Yes, I actually used thermody- B namics and fun in the same sentence! was certainly for me, a scary I remember walking into that stuffy, endeavor. A new level of dreary lecture hall in September, bright and early, for my very first graduate Brookshire, left, and Warnes. academic performance is course. The Flanders and Swann song expected, and, in my case, another chal- “First and Second Law” was playing lecture enhancements in the classroom. lenge was added because I chose a field in the background, already setting the He incorporates various levels of multi- very different from my undergraduate tone for the rest of the quarter. media, from simple PowerPoint images program. This left me with a background When I asked Bill how he managed and plots to in-class demonstrations of and academic foundation not perfectly to get students excited about thermo- Mathematica as a problem-solving tool. suited to the new course work. Because dynamics, a course simply tossed off as However, Warnes has not overdone it. of this, having outstanding professors to a necessary evil by most engineering There is much to be said about chalk- guide me and help me along the way was types, he replied, “I am always surprised board and chalk lecturing. This slower critical for my success. One particular to read in my teaching evaluations that method of teaching has helped me to professor, Bill Warnes, stands out in my many students have enjoyed the class. excel in his courses. I find myself getting academic career for his ability to engage … I try to keep the tone light and lost in classes where the professors have students at all levels, maintain a fun inject some humor and be aware that, gone too far into the world of technol- class dynamic in even the most mun- especially for undergraduates, my course ogy, flashing slide after slide of equations dane and tiresome classes and continue is not the only course they are tak- and notes without giving me a moment to be current with the demands and ing and is probably not even the most to absorb and reflect on the new infor- learning styles of today’s students. important to them.” mation. I feel Warnes is aware of all At Oregon State University, many of This attitude toward teaching was learning styles (visual, auditory and the materials science courses are known refreshing, because many professors tend hands-on), and his lectures reflect his as “slash” classes. This means that to feel their class is the only class worth desire to engage across all of these. graduate and undergraduate students are anything at a school. By understanding I am happy to have had the oppor- placed in the same learning dynamic that we all are busy and quite possibly tunity to sit in his classroom and to be and must be challenged simultaneously, not as excited about thermodynamics as taught, in my opinion, by one of the best. and yet separately, in every class period. he is, Warnes was able to focus on infor- We can learn a great deal from those For me, taking thermodynamics for the mation we would be able to apply to our who walked before us. When asked what third time did not seem like an excit- own research or academic pursuits. advice he would give me as a student and ing addition to my already overloaded Many professors who have been future educator he said, “To know that schedule for the term. With the pros- teaching as long as Warnes – since the the best way to learn anything is to teach pect of sitting alongside undergraduates Bronze Age, as he would put it – now it. Your graduate degree has taught you who would be seeing most of this mate- seem out of touch. Many lose sight of how to think and how to learn. Don’t be rial for the first time, thoughts of the the changing dynamic of the demands afraid to make mistakes (and admit your never-ending two-hour lectures from placed on current students and the new mistakes). The biggest satisfaction comes my past flashed back to me. However, I modes of learning that are most effective from recognizing that the light bulb has was pleasantly surprised to find that this in today’s academic environment. As he turned on for a student, and knowing wouldn’t be the case at all. put it, “the average student has a very that you at least showed them where the By the end of the first lecture, I different set of pressures to deal with switch was hiding in the dark.” was excited to see more. I already had than was common when I was a student. learned new things and had been shown For instance, I see many more students About the author them in new ways. As I glanced around with families of their own and ones Kirsten Brookshire is a graduate stu- the room, I was surprised to see a class- working part-time.” Understanding new dent at Oregon State University in the room of fully engaged students across pressures and not teaching despite them, materials science and engineering pro- all academic levels. Warnes’ ability to but rather understanding and working gram. Her research is in unipolar fatigue blend the foundation of thermodynam- with them, ensures all students will take of PZT on highly (100) textured LNO ics with more challenging concepts and away knowledge from the course – not seed layers. She has a B.A. in physics problems left few underwhelmed, or merely a passing grade. He is also cogni- from Willamette University in Salem, overwhelmed, and I was hooked. zant of the new technologies available as Oregon. n

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 29 International experience

International student perspective: Life and higher education in Ukraine

By Pavlo Rudenko water levels in the United take core lecture classes from their department along with many other States were simply higher students with similar specializations. still remember my first than in Ukraine. This is just There are usually around 100–200 Ifew steps on American one example of the many people in the same classroom. After soil and the first awkward those first two years, students have to innocuous differences that pick a specialization. Following that situation that happened we do not expect when we decision, the lecture class size reduces involving a difference in substantially to groups of around 20 move somewhere new. people who are all working on the same culture. Right after land- Educational systems also reflect specialization. ing at Seattle International the culture of a place (although the Because classes are the same for comparison to toilet water levels is not Airport, I was preparing to everybody, scheduling is very simple. meant to reflect my thoughts on educa- Every day there are four “pairs.” A take part in the final ritual tion). And now, more than five years pair consists of two 45-minute classes of any long flight and went later, being in my “all-but-dissertation” (5 minute shorter than classes in the status, it is much easier to compare the U.S.). There is a 5-minute break in about checking several stalls two educational systems and to provide between the two classes in a pair, fol- in the restroom. I noticed insight to the various challenges that lowed by a 15-minute break before the such a transition might impose on some that they all had unusually next pair begins. Every working day international students. It also might there are two pairs in the morning and high water levels, making help to better explain some cultural dif- two after an hour-long lunch break. me think that they might all ferences. Lectures are usually in the morning, While undergraduate school in with virtually no interaction with other be broken. At some point Ukraine has similarities to the U.S. students. Lectures have no graded in my restroom reconnais- undergraduate system, it has its share assignments and the grade is defined of differences as well. The Ukrainian sance, I came to the realiza- only at final examination, which is at higher education system is greatly the end of the term. In a typical exami- tion that the normal toilet inherited from the former Soviet nation, students enter the examination Union and consists of separate room and pull a “ticket,” on which student preparation programs. there are two to four questions or The class schedules are abso- problems. Students have some time to lutely fixed inside of the pro- prepare their answer, and then they sit gram, and if students graduate down with their lecturer, one-on-one, with a certain specialization, and present their solution or derive they have taken all the classes some equations. Typically, this is fol- listed for that specialization. lowed by additional questions from the So, unlike most American lecturer. At the end of this test, stu- higher education programs, dents receive their grade for the whole students never have to choose semester. which classes to take, or won- Practical classes are always con- der whether they have all the ducted in smaller groups and have a classes and credits needed to very high involvement level because graduate. Additionally, in students solve problems, and answer Ukraine, there are only two questions and present or work out solu- types of classes: lectures and tions in front of the class. This method practical classes that include allows students to know how well they problem solving sessions and are performing, and exactly where they laboratory courses. stand compared with other students. (Credit: Pavlo Rudenko) For the first few years in a This is quite different from the U.S., Rudenko program in Ukraine, students where the grades or performance level

30 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 of others is confidential. Practical classes also have graded homework or assignments, but these aren’t usually turned in until the end of the term. The assignments are pass/fail, and a passing grade permits the student to participate in the final examination. One other big difference is that in Ukraine, all males have to serve in the military. However, if accepted to a university, male students qualify for a military profession with the title of “reserve officer,” provided that they agree to dedicate one weekday every week and two summer breaks to military training. Usually, the military training starts the third year (after choosing the program specialization). On the military training weekday, there are still four pairs, but they are about whichever military (Credit: Peter Wray, ACerS) profession the student chooses. As a reserve officer, it is presumed that the There is an exceptionally high level About the author topics learned are secret information, so of interaction and openness between Pavlo Rudenko is a Ph.D. candi- all notes must be kept in a separate case the students within their specializa- date in the Materials Science and with a big white stripe on it, and they tion programs in Ukraine. By the time Engineering department at Washington can never leave the military depart- a student graduates, they get to know State University. He currently is work- ment. For two summers, students live the others in their cohort very well, ing on solid nanoparticle-based, envi- in the barracks on a military base for and many remain friends forever. It ronmentally friendly additives to lubri- three months of boot camp, where they happened with me, and when my close cating oils. After graduation he plans get hands-on military experience. Daily friend suggested I apply to study in the to participate in a technology-based drills are conducted to learn about the U.S., I agreed to give it a fair chance, start-up. n equipment and organization. If a stu- but that is another story. dent passes military training, he is then able to get an officer rank along with his college diploma. However, the testing and certification is completely separate from the university, and there is a different acceptance rate. If men do not pass military training, they will have to serve one and a half years as a private in the military. Achieving reserve officer status is competitive and rewarding. In the fourth and final academic year, students do their diploma thesis work with an advisor chosen by them, which is followed by an oral defense in front of peers and professors. The grade is then requested from a committee by the advisor. Typically, after graduation, the best students receive job place- ment and some receive offers to get a graduate degree. Graduate degrees in Ukraine do not have any classes asso- post your resume today at ciated with them and consist only of original research in the student’s cho- careers.ceramics.org sen topic.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 31 SOE 2-Page Ad 5-11:Layout 1 5/5/11 3:01 PM Page 1 AlfredUniversity KAZUO INAMORI SCHOOLOF ENGINEERING Graduate Programs

Alfred University is dedicated to student MS P ROGRAMS centered education, where our students’ personal Biomedical Materials Engineering Science AlfredUniversity and professional development is our #1 priority. Office of Graduate Admissions Our research groups are small, meaning that Ceramic Engineering Electrical Engineering Alumni Hall you’ll be part of a close-knit, supportive Glass Science 1 Saxon Drive community where your ideas and aspirations are Materials Science and Engineering Alfred, NY 14802 valued. Mechanical Engineering Ph: 800.541.9229 Fx: 607.871.2198 We have outstanding, state-of-the art facilities Email: [email protected] P H D P ROGRAMS and strong, world-wide connections to enhance www.engineering.alfred.edu your educational experience. Ceramics Glass Science Materials Science and Engineering

www.engineering.alfred.edu SOE 2-Page Ad 5-11:Layout 1 5/5/11 3:01 PM Page 1 SOE 2-Page Ad 5-11:Layout 1 5/5/11 3:01 PM Page 2 AlfredUniversity AlfredUniversity KAZUO INAMORI SCHOOLOF ENGINEERING KAZUO INAMORI SCHOOLOF ENGINEERING Graduate Programs Ceramics, Glass & Biomaterials F OR E NERGY , E NVIRONMENT & H EALTH C ARE

Alfred University is dedicated to student MS P ROGRAMS centered education, where our students’ personal Biomedical Materials Engineering Science AlfredUniversity and professional development is our #1 priority. Office of Graduate Admissions Our research groups are small, meaning that Ceramic Engineering Electrical Engineering Alumni Hall you’ll be part of a close-knit, supportive Glass Science 1 Saxon Drive community where your ideas and aspirations are Materials Science and Engineering Alfred, NY 14802 valued. Mechanical Engineering Ph: 800.541.9229 Fx: 607.871.2198 We have outstanding, state-of-the art facilities Email: [email protected] P H D P ROGRAMS and strong, world-wide connections to enhance www.engineering.alfred.edu Ceramics AlfredUniversity your educational experience. Glass Science Materials Science and Engineering individuals i n s p i r e d www.engineering.alfred.edu www.engineering.alfred.edu Grad student experiences

Advice from a departing graduate student

By Stan Dittrick undergraduate classes. However, they do not have less work overall. Often there is more control over what the student wishes to work on, which allows for greater focus on the student’s interests. At the undergraduate level, professors have many students and a much more general curriculum. At the he first thing that graduate level, they have just a comes to mind about few students or maybe only one. T Professors spend more time hand being a graduate student crafting the graduate student’s is how different it is from education to fit his or her goals and research. Class requirements being an undergraduate stu- are more flexible, but students dent. The major differences shouldn’t expect to have much of a social life in graduate school. between undergraduate I always had more to do than I Fig. 1 Top layer of tantalum pentoxide nano- school and graduate school could possibly finish. tubes is coming apart like string cheese. are focus and independence. Research is an intimate part of graduate life. It is important for students at once so there is always something In my experience, it was a to find an advisor who is interested in to do when obstacles occur. To keep little overwhelming at first the same things and who allows them to a consistent research schedule, I tried work on related research, but it is essen- to set aside time for research even if I to find my focus, there are tial to find one they can work well with. had other school deadlines to meet. If few guidelines. I ended up A good advisor for one person may not I did want to use my regularly sched- joining a group working on be a good advisor for another. The only uled research time to work on other way to find out is to talk with people. tasks, I would make up the time later. orthopedic implants and While it is important to interview This kept me from putting off research decided to anodize tantalum advisors, talking to his or her gradu- unnecessarily. ate students may be more informative An important part of staying on track to form tantalum pentoxide when learning about the advisor’s style. with research is having regular meetings in the form of nanotubes. Graduate students who work the hardest with your advisor. The way to get the I have had adhesion prob- are more likely to be successful, so just most out of meetings with your advisor because students are overworked does is to be prepared. Have recent data and lems with this approach. not necessarily mean they have a bad results with you even if that is not nec- Figure 1 shows the top advisor. When searching for an advisor, essarily the reason for the meeting. That keep in mind how self-motivated you way you can get feedback on what you layer of tantalum pentoxide are, and determine if you need someone are working on and won’t have to come nanotubes coming apart to push you every step of the way or back later for another meeting. like string cheese. My the- stand back and let you work. I chose my A major goal of graduate school is to advisor, Amit Bandyopadhyay, after tak- write a thesis. Don’t take this lightly. sis is titled “Understanding ing one of his classes. He was available Get serious about your thesis research Wear Behavior of CoCrMo when I needed him, but encouraged me right away. The sooner you start, the to be independent as well. more you can learn, the better the Coatings on Ti6Al4V and Research proceeds quickly some of project is and the more impressive your Tantalum Coating on the time and slowly most of the time. accomplishments will be out of gradu- Titanium for Load-Bearing Usually, the obstacles are broken equip- ate school. ment and waiting for parts or supplies. You can’t work on your research all Implants.” Because it is impossible to anticipate day every day, and outside interests Most graduate classes are more inde- most of these problems, the best solu- provide some balance to life. It is easy pendent and have less busy work than tion is to work on multiple projects to find clubs for many different inter-

34 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 ests on campus. These clubs are always congressional representatives. About the author looking for new members. While they In graduate school, I have learned Stan Dittrick received his B.S. in take up valuable time, they help you how to take the initiative and be suc- chemistry from Western Washington keep your sanity. I was part of the local cessful. I have developed good contacts University. He is a departing graduate chapter of Material Advantage and for the future, and my fellow group student in the materials science and enjoyed a number of their functions. members and I have learned how to engineering department at Washington In addition to having fun, I was able to get funding to pursue our goals. There State University. He is currently look- make some business contacts with the are always setbacks, but with the right ing for work in the field of materials regional group, and they paid my way advisor and some determination, those science. n to Washington, D.C., to speak with my obstacles can be overcome.

Research and teaching assistantship experiences: Two perspectives Teaching and research assistant positions (TA/RA) can be fun and rewarding or just plain terrible. The key factors determining the quality of the position are the student and the professor. Other factors, such as the time required for grading papers, class preparation, lab setup/cleanup and actual teaching, can be unwanted tasks, or they can provide the background and experience to prepare a student for a career in research, industry or academia.

William Garrett, Colorado School of Mines outside of his field and involved a lot of paper grading: Will Garrett, a Ph.D. student in materials science, says he “My TA assignments over the past few years have been was quite fortunate to be a foundry TA at the Colorado primarily with classes and topics that have little bearing School of Mines. “Since most of my research happens toward my research. In fact, what is supposed to be a in the foundry, being a foundry TA has not put too many three-hour assignment has often turned into a 10–15 hour inconvenient constraints on my time. The preparation per week commitment. I have spent a lot of time teach- for teaching the foundry course section on die casting ing topics without the solid knowledge base needed to helped me learn the basic science behind die casting be successful. This is part of graduate school – not all of and is closely related to my research. Thankfully I haven’t the TA positions are going to fit the interests and research been cursed with a TA assignment where I need to grade subjects of the available graduate students.” papers or in a course unrelated to my research.” n Being a TA is a part of life for most graduate students. Your experience is bound to titillate and frustrate and Anonymous, Colorado School of Mines hopefully provide some skills and knowledge to further Another materials science graduate student at the Colora- your career. Take ownership and speak with the profes- do School of Mines (who wishes to remain unnamed) has sors and department personnel to ensure you get an not had such a positive TA experience. His position was assignment that fulfills your needs. n (Credit: Peter Wray, ACerS)

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 35 Student research briefs

Development of metal oxide gas sensor arrays for detection of off-gases in steel industry

By Travis Busbee

research team of A undergraduate students at The Ohio State University is working on a project developing thick- film metal oxide sensor arrays for detecting off- gases in the iron and steel industry. The team consists of five undergraduate (Credit: Travis Busbee) students (Travis Busbee, Group members (left to right): Dan Chmielewski, Mike Ramsdell, Steve Allen, and Daniel Chmielewski, Travis Busbee (Beth Yoak not pictured). Mike Ramsdell, Steve sponsored by the Association for Iron ducted in this project includes investi- Allen and Beth Yoak) is and Steel Technology. The goal of this gation of the metal oxide film micro- program is to encourage more students structure for sensor performance and directed by graduate stu- to choose materials-science-related addition of glass frit to the oxide film dent Mark Andio and fields, and this project has a focus on to improve adhesion properties. The advised by Patricia Morris ceramic research for a metallurgical microstructure of the metal oxide film application. is important for the sensor response, and Sheikh Akbar from An array of chemiresistive gas sen- and an open microstructure is benefi- the materials science and sors based on thick-film metal oxides cial. Screen printing is being used for is being developed for sensing reducing the metal oxide deposition onto the engineering department. gases, such as carbon monoxide, which sensor substrates to aid in the forma- The project was selected are abundant in the off-gas of steelmak- tion of open porosity. To accomplish from the Ferrous Metallurgy ing furnaces. The sensors consist of an this, the metal oxide powders were alumina substrate with interdigitated incorporated into a paste that was opti- Education Today Design platinum electrodes. The metal oxide mized for compatibility with the screen Grant Program, which is particles provide the sensing film printer. Solids loading and viscosity of between the the oxide-laden pastes were adjusted to electrodes. produce a thick film. The sensors then The metal were fired at the optimal temperature oxides initial- for each material. One obstacle was bal- ly being stud- ancing the firing temperature, glass frit ied include addition and paste composition to suffi-

SnO2, ciently adhere the film to the substrate NiO, ZnO, without compromising the performance

WO3 and of the sensor. Nb-doped Characterization of the films was

TiO2. performed to investigate the micro- Some of structure of the metal oxide films. X-ray the impor- diffraction was used to verify the phase Metal-oxides printed on alumina sensor substrates with integrated tant research and composition of the films. Scanning platinum electrodes. Left to right: WO , SnO , and Nb-doped TiO . 3 2 2 being con- electron microscopy also was used to

36 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 analyze the porosity, uniformity, and tion point. The goal is to verify that graduate student at The Ohio State particle size of the films. we have successfully created an array University. He worked at Wright- Currently, we are at the stage of the of sensors that will stand up to the Patterson Air Force Base for two years project in which the sensors will be high-temperature environment while in the cell development and engineering tested to analyze gases. The resistance providing accurate reliable information group under Morley Stone. He recently of the sensor will be measured as the about the concentrations of the gases received the SMART fellowship through gas concentrations and furnace tem- we intend to measure. the Department of Defense to continue perature are varied in order to obtain this research after graduation. n information about the sensor sensitiv- About the author ity, response/recovery time and satura- Travis Busbee is a third-year under- Die-castable ceramic-reinforced metal-matrix composites By William Garrett Often, SHS materials are expensive, or the final product contains unwanted porosity, but elf-propagating high- our research group has found Stemperature synthesis, that aluminum–titanium carbide usually a solid-state combus- composites made by the SHS process can be cost competitive tion process, can be used in transportation applications to produce a wide variety where a lightweight component can pay for itself in fuel sav- of ceramics, intermetallics ings. My research is focused on and composite materials.1 I the manufacturing process and have been using this process mechanical properties of these

composites, but other members (Credit: William Garrett) to make ceramic particulate of the research group are looking Garrett is working on creating manufac- reinforced aluminum composite materi- for lower cost precursor materials turing processes that incorporate SHS als for commercial die casting processes than what I am using. My combustion approaches. From a materials and processing perspec- synthesis system reacts titanium and car- tive, this research is capable of produc- bon powders to reinforce the aluminum About the author ing recyclable, lightweight, net-shape with titanium carbide, but it is possible William Garrett is currently a composite materials on an industrial to reduce the cost even further with Ph.D. student in materials science scale that competes with cast iron for reaction systems that use titanium oxide at the Colorado School of Mines in mechanical properties. The SHS meth- instead of titanium metal. Golden, Colorado. He earned B.S. od I use to produce these materials can As a method, SHS is a useful tool for degrees in materials science and engi- be controlled to produce ceramic phases making ceramic and composite materials. neering and mechanical engineering with narrow particle sizes and specific With manufacturing technologies and from Washington State University stoichiometries for many reinforcing capacity moving overseas, it is important in Pullman, Washington. Before phases. to support research that stands to give beginning graduate school at Mines, the North American die- he worked as a research scientist at casting industry a techni- Powdermet Inc., Euclid, Ohio, develop- cal edge and advance the ing metal injection molding processes state-of-the-art of under- for rhenium alloys, MOCVD processes utilized technologies, such for refractory metals, cermet ther- as SHS. mal spray materials and preceramic polymer-derived composite materials. References At the Colorado School of Mines, he works with Professors John Moore and 1. J.J. Moore and H.J. Feng, “Combustion Synthesis of Michael Kaufman on self-propagating Advanced Materials: Part I. high-temperature synthesis and metal- Some of Garrett’s work is at VForge Inc. in Denver, Colo, Reaction Parameters,” Prog. matrix composite materials processing. where induction heating is used to reheat the 55vol% Mater. Sci., 39, 243–73 He expects to graduate this fall. n TiC/45vol% Al composite cylinders to 1150°C for the die (1995). casting process.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 37 Student research briefs

Nonmetal anion doping of anatase

By Victoria Knox gap of TiO2 is 3.2 electron volts, but it can be low-

iO2, in the form of ered into the visible region T anatase, is the most by doping with nonmetal widely studied ceramic anions. Currently, much of photocatalyst that also has has been the work with TiO2 centered on the altering of the defect (Credit: Victoria Knox) been commercialized into a Knox product. TiO is relatively chemistry of the material to enhance 2 the band gap. catalytic activity was attributed to a

inexpensive and abundant. Doping of TiO2 with nonmetal decrease in the size of the band gap of TiO is an oxide semicon- anions, such as boron, carbon, nitro- the material through a hybridization of 2 gen, fluorine and sulfur, to shift the N 2p states with O 2p states to make a ductor, which allows for photocatalytic activity of the material mid-gap energy level just above the O alterations to the defect into the visible region has been suc- 2p valence band maximum. However, chemistry. This tends to cessful. However, doping with nitrogen it recently has been found that this also has been the most effective nonmetal could be attributed to occupied states give a boost to its proper- explored. One study found the band above the N 2p valence band. The ties. The reason for the gap was reduced by 0.72 electron volts electronic structure of this material is when doping anatase with nitrogen. still highly debated among researchers success of TiO2 relates to In the same study, the nitrogen-doped and is being explored using X-ray pho- the band gap. This is the sample exhibited complete methylene toelectron spectroscopy. amount of energy that must blue degradation after 2 hours. This compares well with a commercial stan- About the author be supplied to the material dard that completely degrades methy- Victoria Knox completed a B.S. to boost an electron from lene blue between 1 and 1.5 h. Studies in ceramics engineering at Alfred have explored reduction with NH3, University and is currently a third-year the valence band of a lower oxidation with TiN, reaction with urea graduate student at Alfred’s Inamori energy across the forbid- mixtures and various sol–gel synthesis School of Engineering, pursuing a den band gap to an empty methods. An interesting effect of non- Ph.D. in ceramic engineering. She is metal anion doping in anatase is that a PCSA delegate. Knox’s research is conduction band of higher the sample is white in its parent form concentrated around Aurivillius photo- energy, which allows the and turns yellow upon doping, as shown catalysts. n in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows the anatase electron to conduct electric- crystal structure. ity. The value for the band In general, the increase in photo-

(a) (b) (Credit: Victoria Knox) (Credit: Victoria Knox) Fig. 1 (a) Anatase in the parent form. (b) Nitrogen treated anatase. Fig. 2 Crystal structure of anatase.

38 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Percolated ceramic composites: Characterization and optimization

By Tim Pruyn sleeve was used to conduct dc and ac processes that are occurring during measurements. A schematic of this die powder compaction, a percolated net- is shown in Figure 1(a). Measurements work of filler in the composite can be were performed in-situ as a function developed at very low thresholds and of loading and unload- ing compaction pressure. Direct-current measure- Applied force ments can detect only (a) the combined response from the powders and the he use of ceramic porosity. However, from T and glass composites the SiC impedance spec- with percolated segregated troscopy data, at least two semicircles are observed in microstructures of conduc- the complex impedance Powder plot that allows separa- Impedance tive filler have numerous measurements tion of the two processes.2 industrial, electronic and One of these semicircles military potential applica- represents the bulk mate- tions, such as electromag- rial property, and the other is likely due to the R1 R2 netic interference shielding. void space and interfaces. C1 C2 A problem with adding The measured resistances Applied force determined from imped- rigid filler to a ceramic pow- ance spectroscopy are (Credit: Tim Pruyn) der compact is that it can shown in Figures 1(b) (b) often prevent full sintering and 1(c). The values in Figure 1(b), show that 1 from occurring. This will the resistance is the same degrade many properties of for each pressure, even though the overall density the ceramic and prevent full of the compact is differ- R2 (megaohms) use of the filler properties. ent. Figure 1(c)shows that Our focus is to optimize the green the resistance is highly Force (pounds) (Credit: Tim Pruyn) state of ceramic compacts by minimizing dependent on the overall the amount of conductive filler needed density of the powder (c) for percolation and having the compos- compact. The admittance, ite as close to the percolation threshold modulus and permittivity as possible before sintering. We evaluate also were examined and the electrical response of ceramic com- showed behavior highly pacts during dry pressing as a function of dependent on these two applied pressure. The effect of the par- processes. The impedance ticle size of the matrix and the size ratios behavior of the insulating R1 (megaohms) between the matrix and filler particles materials is more sensitive also are being evaluated. to the compacted micro- Semiconductive SiC and insulating structure and humidity, Force (pounds) Al2O3 and borosilicate glass powders and it often displayed (Credit: Tim Pruyn) have been used for the experiments. To trends different from the determine the influence of porosity in semiconducting SiC com- Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of insulating die for impedance the ceramic powder compacts, a cus- pacted powder. measurements. (b) and (c) Measured resistance values obtained from impedance spectroscopy. tom-made die with an insulating outer By understanding the

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 39 Student research briefs

can optimize the green state and the 2T. Pruyn and R.A. Gerhardt, ceramic engineering at Alfred University final sintered composite. “Characterization of Ceramic Powders and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. at during Compaction Using Electrical Georgia Institute of Technology in References Measurements”; in 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and materials science and engineering. He is 1 E.A. Holm and M.J. Cima, “Two- Composites: Ceramic Engineering and Science a PCSA officer and a SMART scholar. Dimensional Whisker Percolation in Proceedings, in press. Ceramic Matrix Ceramic Whisker The focus of his research is the fabrica- Composites,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 72, 2, tion and characterization of electronic 303–305 (1989). About the author ceramic composites. n Timothy Pruyn completed a B.S. in

Better sound through cooperation

By Salem Maud because it has a direct cor- porated these guidelines and created glass-ceramic saddles by developing a relation with the dampen- graphite mold, pouring lithium disilicate ing coefficient, a critical at 1500°C and then performing heat property in guitar saddles. treatments of annealing, nucleation and crystallization. Annealing was performed Hardness, on the other hand, at 480°C for at least 8 hours to remove relates to the saddle endur- thermal stresses, nucleation was done at 480°C, and crystallization was performed he glass-ceramics ance, because a harder saddle at 675°C. group in the Materials will have a longer lifetime. Varying the grain size and measuring T Current industry standard materials the changes in mechanical properties Science and Engineering used to make saddles include bone and was approached from several angles. Department at Virginia Tusq, a polymer material. The problem One approach was to vary the number of with bone saddles is that they are a nuclei by changing the nucleation time. Tech is attempting to create natural material, which always has varia- More nuclei should produce smaller a reproducible glass-ceramic tion. Polymers, on the other hand, are grains and vice versa. However, we were much more consistent, but they do not unable to produce significant grain size saddle for use on guitars. have a big enough damping coefficient variation with this method. Then we Through a relationship and wear much more quickly. Glass- moved to a variation in crystallization with Hartford University ceramics are a feasible alternative to time and were finally successful in iden- current industry standards, because they tifying a relationship between grain size and industry partner Taylor offer the advantage of having similar and crystallization. Guitars, the Virginia Tech mechanical properties to bone, while The Virginia Tech group then identi- also being reproducible and easily mass fied changes in mechanical properties group is studying the effects produced. as a function of grain size. Also, more of grain size on critical Hartford University is helping with saddle samples were sent to Hartford acoustic properties of lithium acoustic measurements in their anechoic University for additional acoustic test- chamber. These acoustic measure- ing. More work will be done to further disilicate. Under the direc- ments are critical to the feasibility of optimize the project, including the pos- tion of David Clark and the saddles, because they will determine sibility of microwave processing, creating whether the saddles can be used. Taylor recipes for specific consumer needs and Diane Folz, the goal for this Guitars has helped with consulting, let- improving aesthetic appearance. project is to develop a rela- ting the Virginia Tech group know what tionship between heat treat- consumers want and what the industry About the author would like to see. Some of the important Salem Maud is a senior in the ments and grain size as well factors include matching mechanical Materials Science Department at as a relationship between properties of currently used materials Virginia Tech. After graduation, he such as bone, the ability to create consis- plans to seek a commission in the Army stiffness, hardness and grain tent samples and a lower cost basis. and continue his studies in materials size. Stiffness is important The Virginia Tech team has incor- engineering. n

40 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Targeted amorphous calcium phosphosilicate nanoscale drug delivery carriers for pancreatic cancer treatment

By Stephen Weitzner

the pancreas4 serve as a major impetus he utilization of for the design of an effective drug deliv- nanotechnology can ery system. Such a drug delivery system T could operate by shielding 5-FU in tar- improve current drug deliv- geted nanoscale drug delivery vehicles. ery approaches, especially Therefore, the amount of 5-FU deliv- 1 ered to pancreatic cancer cells could be to cancers. Patients diag- increased and an increase in treatment nosed with advanced stage efficacy might be observed. Drug encap- pancreatic cancer would sulation also presents the unique opportunity to potentially reduce the toxic greatly benefit from such effects of 5-FU and provide patients with technologies, because, in a more effective and less debilitating treatment option. its later stages, treatment Much of my work in the Adair group (Credit: Stephen Weitzner) efficacy is greatly depressed has been oriented toward the encap- Weitzner and the chance of survival is sulation of 5-FU in a novel calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticle (CPSNP) decreased accordingly. The system developed at The Pennsylvania on the results of the initial encapsulation current survival rate for pan- State University. The CPSNPs have trials, the CPSNP synthesis method may been used to successfully encapsulate be revisited to optimize the system for creatic cancer is extremely and deliver a variety of organic mol- 5-FU encapsulation. low, at 5.6 percent, com- ecules,5 and bioconjugation approaches have been developed to target pancre- References pared with 26.0 percent 1 atic cancer cells with this system in in- B. Sumer and J. Gao, Nanomedicine, 3, [2] 137–40 (2008). for stomach cancer and vitro and in-vivo studies.6 However, it is 2 not known if the efficacy of pancreatic S.F. Altekruse et al. (Eds.), SEER Cancer 65.0 percent for colon and Statistics Review 1975–2007. National 2 cancer treatments will increase by utiliz- Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md., (2010). rectal cancer. Pancreatic ing drug-carrying CPSNPs for delivery. 3E.E. Vokes and H.M. Golomb (Eds.), cancer has classically been Under the guidance of my supervising Oncologic Therapies, Springer, Heidelberg, treated with the antimetabo- graduate student, Amra Tabakovic, I set Germany, 2003. out to encapsulate the antineoplastic 4X. Yu et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1805, lite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). drug 5-FU with CPSNPs and compare [1] 97–104 (2010). However, through prolonged its effects in-vitro to free 5-FU in a 5T.T. Morgan et al., Nano Letters, 8, [12] exposure and repetitious pancreatic cancer cell line. The results 4108–15 (2008). of this study will refine our knowledge 6B.M. Barth et al., ACS Nano, 4, 3, 1279– treatment regiments, 5-FU of encapsulating chemotherapeutics in 87 (2010). can act as a systemic toxin CPSNPs, in addition to providing some insight into how to improve 5-FU bio- About the author and may lead to patient availability. Stephen Weitzner is a sophomore debilitation.3 Needless to Currently, 5-FU encapsulation stud- materials science and engineering say, pancreatic cancer is an ies are underway, and we have begun to student at The Pennsylvania State employ basic characterization methods University. His main research interests extremely challenging dis- to determine the resultant CPSNP solu- are in the study of nanomaterials for ease to treat for doctors and tion’s colloidal stability and mean particle medical and energy applications, and size. Similarly, a mass-spectrometry-based he intends to pursue a Ph.D. in mate- patients. characterization method for the CPSNP rials science after graduating in the The toxic nature of 5-FU and the dif- system is being developed to measure the spring of 2013. n ficultly associated with drug delivery to quantity of drug encapsulated. Depending

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 41 Undergrad research

The value of undergraduate design courses

By Erica Marden

All undergraduate account costs associated with a project the cause and control of resistor cracking, students pursuing a ma- are considerations not usually discussed fixing electrode delamination in ferroelec- terials science and engi- in other ceramics courses. Therefore, tric ceramics, designing to compensate for neering degree accred- design courses often introduce business differential thermal expansion in photovol- ited by the Accreditation and finance principles. taic components, designing the adhesion Board for Engineering & Most design courses rely on local indus- of a ceramic lead zirconate titanate sensor Technology are required tries or alumni connections to provide to a steel gas line pipe and selecting to complete a “capstone project.” Some problems currently faced by industries. appropriate materials for an environmen- programs fulfill this requirement through Ceramics industries working on piezoelec- tally sustainable home. These are just a senior theses, but most schools have tric materials, solar cells, energy-efficient few examples of the hundreds of design students participate in what are known building supplies, drug delivery systems problems tackled each year by materials as “design projects.” Design projects give and sensors are just a few of the projects science students across the country. students the opportunity to work in teams, that recently have been addressed by Each school has a unique perspective design and accomplish a plan and interact ceramics students. Learning how industry with industry. on the capstone design project. Some and academia can collaborate from the programs focus more heavily on the busi- Working well in a team is one of the start of one’s career can help build strong ness perspective, some focus on materials most important skills for any successful relationships with companies and propel selection, some focus on literature review engineer to have. However, most under- new research initiatives. and others focus on actual construction graduate ceramics courses are not able The best part of taking a design course and testing. Virginia Tech requires MSE to incorporate a lot of opportunities for is pulling together knowledge from all of students to market their design and find extensive collaboration between students. the undergraduate materials science and corporate sponsors to back their research Design project courses allow students to engineering courses. Most MSE courses and construction. Penn State’s design work together for an entire semester or focus on specific thermodynamic, kinetic, course focuses on materials selection. The year along with a faculty advisor. Devel- crystallization, characterization or failure University of California Berkeley has a cul- oping effective group dynamics, dividing mechanism principles. Materials selec- minating course that focuses on lab work, tasks and learning to trust and depend tion for a specific design consideration such as constructing and characterizing on members of the group are all skills requires students to pull together informa- materials used in semiconductors or test- acquired through working with a design tion from their entire undergraduate expe- ing the impact of corrosion on mechani- team (Figure 1). Working with students rience. Examples of some recent ceramic cal properties. Rensselaer Polytechnic that have different interests or material design projects include the investigation of Institute’s senior design course focuses focuses also provides a good learning experience. Design projects allow students to interact differently with faculty. Most programs assign each team a faculty mentor who serves as an advisor and project supervisor. To successfully complete a design project, a thorough plan and schedule must be established and maintained. There are a variety of tools available to help develop and track group progress toward attaining goals. Gantt charts, interactive calendars and Google Docs are just a few of the commonly used organizational tools. De- veloping planning skills, such as drawing diagrams, can help students work through problems and implement design ideas (Figure 2). Most materials science and engineering programs also require students

to address the financial aspect of the (Credit: Erica Marden) design. Tracking finances and taking into Fig. 1 Penn State students meet to discuss the progress on their design project.

42 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 A common theme for all to lose sight of some of the most important programs is the additional guidelines we must follow. Learning to solve development of profes- a problem with a multifaceted approach and sional skills. Engineers must to look at possible solutions from a variety be effective communicators of perspectives allow students to gain an to convince sponsors to fund appreciation for the societal responsibility research, delegate project tasks we take on as engineers. and present conclusions or New social engineering courses and sell a new material. Learning outreach design projects are an excel- to give strong presentations lent opportunity for materials science and and improve writing skills is engineering students to tackle important an extremely important aspect problems. Students with a strong ceramics of tackling a design project. background could prove to offer invaluable Interacting professionally with advice when working on creating cheaper industry collaborators provides alternatives to clean water initiatives experience with making a or offering technology in rural regions. strong impression and convinc- Social and sustainable engineering design ing other respected profession- projects are becoming increasingly als to support your ideas. popular, and soon more materials science Finally, one of the crucial and engineering programs may integrate educational benefits of a design problems that simultaneously address course is learning how to industrial and social concerns into the

(Credit: Erica Marden) consider the guidelines that all capstone design projects. Students planning the specifics of their design project engineers agree to follow. As by using a schematic diagram. scientists and engineers, we About the author often are trusted with projects on designing against yielding, fracture, Erica Marden is a senior in the materials that can have huge impacts on others’ fatigue, creep and other properties versus science and engineering department at livelihoods. ABET outlines economic, envi- designing specific products. University of Penn State University and is taking an op- ronmental, sustainability, manufacturability, Washington has a year-long design course tion in ceramics. She is the vice president ethical, health and safety, social and political that even covers topics such as quality of her college’s student council, secretary impacts as crucial aspects to consider control. Each school and program puts of her Keramos chapter and serves as the when approaching a new problem. It is a unique spin on the design course, but chair of the Communications Commit- easy to get caught up in exciting research ultimately every student hopes to attain tee for the PCSA. She is doing her thesis or, after spending a long time on a project, similar skills. research on amylose polymers. n

Material Advantage students participate in congressional visits

By Tricia L. Nicol, ACerS liaison to the Material Advantage Student Program Washington, D.C. CVD is ing objective of CVD is to actually a two-day event underscore the long-term ozens of Material hosted by the SET Working importance of those fields D Advantage student Group, which brings scien- to the nation through meet- members from around tists, engineers, research- ings with congressional the nation attended the ers, educators, technology decision makers. Uniquely Science-Engineering- executives and students designed to have multisec- Technology Congressional to Washington, D.C., to tor and multidisciplinary Visits Day events on raise awareness and sup- involvement, the CVD is April 6 and 7, 2011, in port for SET. The underly- coordinated by coalitions of

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 43 Congressional Congressional Visits Day Visits Day (Credit: Chris McKelvey, Association for Iron and Steel Technology) Material Advantage students and advisors hit Capitol Hill for their CVD meetings.

companies, professional societies and behind document to give to congressio- director, Subcommittee on Research educational institutions. nal office staff. and Education, House Committee on Even though the threat of a govern- After the brunch, the group joined Science, Space and Technology; ment shutdown at the time loomed on the 30 plus other societies that make up • Julia Jester, majority staff direc- Capitol Hill, 39 students and faculty the SET Working Group at the Reserve tor, Subcommittee on Technology from 15 universities attended this year’s Officers Association Minuteman and Innovation, House Committee on SETCVD event. Their experience Memorial Building for briefings from Science, Space, and Technology; and began with a brunch Wednesday morn- administration officials and congressio- • Jonathan Epstein, majority ing that included a fun role-playing nal staff, focusing sharply on the 2011 counsel, Senate Energy and Natural session led by Dave Bahr (Washington and 2012 budgets and congressional Resources Committee. State University) and Iver Anderson perspectives. Speakers during this after- Wednesday events concluded with (Iowa State University and Ames noon briefing were the 2011 George E. Brown Jr. SET National Lab). Some “CVD veter- • Kei Koizumi, assistant director, Leadership Award Reception and ans” joined in the role play, includ- Federal Research and Development, Exhibit. This award, given to a mem- ing Robert Shull (NIST) and Kevin Office of Science and Technology ber of Congress who has shown active Hemker (Johns Hopkins University). Policy; leadership in the determination of This warm-up event also was a valu- • Patrick Clemens, director of SET policy, has strongly advocated in able time for the students and professors AAAS Research and Development support of a role for the federal govern- from around the country to meet and Budget and Policy Program; ment in research and has taken specific share their perspectives and motiva- • The Honorable Sherwood actions to advance SET public policy. tions for raising the funds needed to Boehlert, former chair of the House This year, the award was presented to travel and conduct face-to-face meet- Science Committee; two members of Congress: U.S. Senator ings with their elected officials, some- • Chris Martin, AAAS Science and Kay Bailey Hutchison (Texas) and U.S. thing many of the participants would Engineering Policy Fellow, Science Rep. Daniel Lipinski (Illinois). be doing for the first time. The students and Space Subcommittee, Senate Thursday activities began with also received a packet of information Commerce, Science and Transportation a breakfast where four members of that contained, among other things, Committee; Congress spoke to SETCVD par- talking points and a one-page leave- • Dahlia Sokolov, minority staff ticipants. The speakers were U.S.

44 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Representatives Paul Tonko (New the end of the semester where things Other universities that participated York), Judy Biggert (Illinois), Donna get even busier with finals just around in SETCVD 2011 included Drexel Edwards (Maryland) and Frank Wolf the corner. One [staff member] men- University; Florida International (Virginia). Their presentations helped tioned that it definitely opened his eyes University; Lehigh University; motivate participants for their upcom- to a new perspective of where federal Michigan Technological University; ing meetings. At the conclusion of funding goes and was very appreciative Pennsylvania State University; San the breakfast, participants began their to talk to people directly affected by Jose State University; University of scheduled visits with legislators and that funding.” California, Santa Barbara; University staff members on Capitol Hill. Iowa State’s Anderson reported, “I of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Prior to the SETCVD event, orga- think that the sense of empowerment University of Tennessee Knoxville; nizers gave student participants the that came from each student group and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and responsibility to contact the offices arranging their own congressional State University. of their representatives and senators, meetings gave this SETCVD event a Besides ACerS, the partner soci- and to arrange appointments for their special enthusiasm that I have not seen eties in the Material Advantage groups. The students appeared to before. I also found that my students Student Program are the Association have taken this assignment seriously, from Iowa State spoke with a great deal for Iron and Steel Technology, ASM as many important and productive of professional polish at their visits and International and the Minerals, Metals meetings were held. In fact, the three made an excellent impression on all of and Materials Society. n students from Iowa State managed to the offices that we visited.” secure meetings with both of Iowa’s senators and all five representatives, a feat that rarely had been accomplished PCSA to host student symposium at Electronic Materials before. Many of the other groups also and Applications 2012 were very active, and our Material ACerS President’s Council of Student research from student projects, inde- Advantage groups held more than 50 Advisors will host a student symposium pendent research and design groups. office meetings before the SETCVD entitled “Highlights of Student Research Showcasing undergraduate and gradu- was concluded. Students reported in Basic Science and Electronic Ceramics” ate student research can help lead to that they preferred setting up their at the Electronic Materials and Applica- innovation and student involvement in the own appointments, because it allowed tions 2012 conference Jan. 18–20, 2012, ceramics community. them to take ownership of their trip to in Orlando, Fla. Washington. The PCSA’s symposium offers a unique Based on feedback from this year’s PCSA’s EMA 2012 topics include, but are opportunity for students to present re- participants, the 2011 SETCVD was a not limited to: search at a more specialized conference. great success. As Mahmood Shirooyeh, • Nanostructured materials; Electronic ceramics encompass such a wide range of fields and applications that graduate student at the University of • Interfacial effects; Southern California, said, “The CVD the EMA conference provides students • Novel processing; program provided me with a unique with a broader perspective on the range opportunity to meet with our senators • Characterization; of research possibilities. Students who attend the conference can look forward and representatives on Capitol Hill. It • Electronic materials; and let me point out to them how crucial to these many exciting professional and • Energy materials. the strong federal investment in scien- research developments. tific research and technology, in the Students working on qualifying topics Other student activities and profes- midst of deep budget cuts, is in creating should continue their research through sional development opportunities will jobs and building a better future.” the summer and prepare an abstract be featured at the EMA conference as Travis Graham-Wright, undergradu- for the Aug. 3, 2011, deadline. Excellent well, promising a great networking and ate student from Colorado School of student-written abstracts will be selected educational conference for undergraduate Mines, added, “All three staff people for the lunch-hour honor sessions and and graduate students. the students will receive travel grants to were very excited to meet with us. Finally, students traveling to the sympo- attend conference proceedings. Student They were pleasantly surprised that a sium also can look forward to the diverse abstracts can be submitted through the group of students would take time out EMA symposia with topics ranging from EMA 2012 website at www.ceramics.org/ of their busy schedules to meet with material applications for energy to ferro- ema2012. them. It definitely left an impression electric and nanocomposite materials. n that we thought funding for research The PCSA symposium at the EMA 2012 was important enough to merit taking conference is hoping to highlight ceramic a trip to D.C., especially getting toward

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 45 Ceramic Leadership

BAltimore, md. Summit

August 1–3, 2011 RegisteR Now to save! www.ceramics.org/cls2011

The Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011 is a unique and powerful emerging applications and Challenges in using Ceramics meeting, focusing on the most important strategic challenges confront- at general electric ing the ceramic and glass materials communities. CLS 2011 is open to Ceramics play a critical role in the performance of many all and especially beneficial for business executives, research & develop- energy systems, including gas turbines, batteries and ment professionals, product managers, entrepreneurs, university admin- SoFCs. Ceramic-matrix composites can lead to istrators, government agency policy makers and ACerS leaders. Unlike improved performance of gas turbines, for land-based purely technical meetings, CLS 2011 fosters a participative environment and aircraft engines, because of their lighter weight and that delivers the opportunity to listen, learn and get involved. higher temperature capability. Key components of Krishan L. Luthra Register before July 1st to save $125. SoFCs are ceramics, such as the yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte and the perovskite cathode. High-energy-density sodium-metal halide battery is another emerging application, relying on Tuesday, augusT 2, 2011 a b-alumina electrolyte and other ceramics. Two of the major challenges GenerAL SeSSion 1 in commercializing these applications are component life and cost. This presentation will discuss applications and challenges in the use of 10:00 a.m. – noon ceramics in these three applications, focusing on CMCs. advancing Materials Technology in a Complex World Speaker: Krishan L. Luthra, Technology Leader, Ceramics & Metal- lurgy, Ge Global research Two corporate leaders provide their perspectives on the global economic, technological and environmental challenges and opportunities facing the ceramic materials and technologies community. each talk will GenerAL SeSSion 2 be followed by a facilitated dialogue with Summit participants. advanced Ceramics for sustainability – View from siemens 1:30 – 3:15 p.m. Corporate Technology entrepreneurial Case studies Predicted megatrends including, climate change, Start-up businesses are an integral part of the ceramic and glass materi- population growth, demographic change and scarcity of als community. Many entrepreneurs have started with a research focus resources, require more sustainable global develop- and successfully transitioned into launching/managing a business. Three ment. Sustainability is a highly demanded property and tech-savvy leaders will provide case studies on building businesses, fol- is a powerful innovation driver for technologies. Within lowed by a facilitated panel discussion. this context advanced materials are expected to provide Wolfgang rossner new solutions for the environment, economy and Case study I society. Advanced ceramics can contribute to achieving higher sustain- Founded in 2001, A123 Systems has developed a ability by improving the efficiency, functionality and lifetime of technical revolutionary new Li-ion cell technology based on a systems. Stimulated by their multidisciplinary character, ceramic novel nanophosphate chemistry. By selecting a material materials can open options for new solutions in power generation, with intrinsic safety and stability, A123 Systems worked energy saving and energy storage, or self-adapting components using with MiT to create a nanoscale cathode material with more ‘intelligent’ materials. Bart riley high intrinsic power density. Subsequent work at A123 Systems resulted in the development and commercialization of a new Speaker: Wolfgang rossner, Technology Leader Ceramics, Siemens class of Li-ion cell products that were ideally suited for high-power AG Corporate Technology applications, such as power tools, hybrid electro vehicles and certain grid storage applications. Speaker: Bart riley, CTo, Cofounder, A123 Systems

46 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 GenerAL SeSSion 2 (continued) GenerAL SeSSion 3 1:30 – 3:15 p.m. 3:45 – 5:15 p.m. Case study 2 Business Opportunities and strategies in emerging Markets Mo-Sci Corporation began in 1985 as a spin-off from This session showcases two real-world case studies from business devel- Missouri University of Science and Technology. Through- opment leaders at two ceramics-related companies. each case study will out its history, Mo-Sci has been handed many challenges be followed by a facilitated dialogue with CLS participants. that small companies normally face and has weathered them well. After 26 years in business, it has grown into Case study I: a small u.s. Company’s approach to Ted Day a worldwide-recognized small business serving the China majority of the Fortune 500 on a sole supplier basis. Mo- it’s a challenge for a $20M revenue company to expand Sci’s unique business philosophy–using partnering as its main focus in into China. This case study summarizes the five-year effort business relationships–has served the company well. Mo-Sci now serves of Minco inc. before it was purchased by Ceradyne inc. more than 1,500 customers in 50 countries worldwide. Minco produced fused silica with a proprietary process and Thomas A. Cole Speaker: Ted Day, President, Mo-Sci Corporation had proprietary products used in the precision investment casting industry. The study details how classes, books and Case study 3 consultants were used to prepare and execute the plan of finding a Chinese Ceranova is a privately held company founded in 1992 as partner, structuring and financing the enterprise, beginning sales and build- a developer and manufacturer of ceramic superconduc- ing a plant. tors. Since then, the company has grown into a leading Speaker: Thomas A. Cole, VP, Business Development, Ceradyne inc. innovator of ceramic processing solutions and engineered components for high technology systems. Today Case study 2: exploring emerging Markets and the Marina Pascucci Ceranova’s major focus is on fine-grained, transparent advanced Materials Industry ceramics (monolithic, composite and fibers) that are There are several emerging markets where advanced essential for an increasing number of military, industrial and commercial materials will play a significant role. Bray will describe the products. Ceranova’s experienced staff and well-equipped facility make analysis and approach that a larger, diversified materials it well positioned to provide contract technology development and small- company is taking to capitalize on these new markets – Donald J. Bray scale manufacturing when it may not be economically viable internally at energy production (solar and wind), energy storage, energy other firms. conservation, soldier survivability and electronics. Speaker: Marina Pascucci, President, Ceranova Corporation Speaker: Donald J. Bray, Business Director, nP Aerospace inc. (a Morgan Crucible Company)

Schedule of eventS Concurrent sessions: energy Innovations (eI), Business of Ceramics (BC) and Innovative applications for Ceramic Materials (Ia) Monday, auguST 1, 2011 9:30 to 10:25 a.m. – Concurrent sessions 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. – Welcome Reception and Networking event – Ceramic Components for Fuel Cells and Other energy applications (eI) – Raw Materials Trends Impacting the Ceramics and glass Community (BC) TueSday, auguST 2, 2011 – Bioengineering soft Tissue with Ceramics (Ia) 9:00 to 9:45 a.m. – Coffee 10:25 to 10:45 a.m. – Coffee 9:45 to 10:00 a.m. – Opening Remarks 10:45 to 11:40 a.m. – Concurrent sessions 10:00 a.m. to noon – general session 1 – solar energy developments (eI) Noon to 1:30 p.m. – Networking Lunch – The Market Outlook for energy-Related Technologies (BC) – advances in glass strength and Its Impact on society (Ia) 1:30 to 3:15 p.m. – general session 2 11:40 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. – Networking Lunch 3:15 to 3:45 p.m. – Coffee 1:00 to 1:55 p.m. – Concurrent sessions 3:45 to 5:15 p.m. – general session 3 – small Modular Reactors (Ie) 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. – Conference dinner – Business Valuation, Part 1 (BC) – Ceramic applications in the automotive Industry (Ia) WedneSday, auguST 3, 2011 2:00 to 2:55 p.m. – Concurrent sessions 7:30 to 8:30 a.m. – Coffee – Material Needs in alternative & Renewable energy for the automotive 8:30 to 9:25 a.m. – Concurrent sessions Industry (eI) – advances in solid-state Batteries (eI) – Business Valuation, Part 2 (BC) – emerging Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology applications, Industry Trends – Raw Materials scarcity and Its Impact on the u.s. advanced Ceramic and Current and Future Markets (BC) Technological development – ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics for extreme environmental applications (Ia) 2:55 to 3:15 p.m. – Coffee 3:15 to 5 p.m. – Closing general session

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 47 Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011

CLsCLs 2011 features three concurrent tracks: energyenergy innovations;innovations; Business of Ceramics; and innovativeinnovative Applications for Ceramic Materials. Leaders from a variety of organizations will present opportunities and challenges in the ceramics and glass materials community. Register at www.ceramics.org/cls2011 before July 1st to save $125.

WedNesday, augusT 3, 2011 applications Track: ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics for 8:30 – 9:25 a.m. extreme environmental applications Ultrahigh temperature ceramics, which include the diborides energy Track: advances in solid-state Batteries of hafnium and zirconium, have seen a resurgence in The solid-state battery market is currently around $50M research and development interest. There is particular or 1 percent of the total Li-ion battery (LiB) market. interest in these materials for aerospace applications, Without changes in the cost of manufacturing or the especially leading edges for entry vehicles. Theses materials materials used, it is difficult to envision the solid-state are refractory and have attractive thermal properties. battery market exceeding $500M. recently, a new Sylvia M. Johnson However, they are brittle and oxidize. efforts to improve method of inexpensive, nonvacuum electroless deposition these properties are underway in many institutions. This talk Kevin S. Jones has been developed by Planar energy to fabricate will give some background on these materials and describe their application. solid-state batteries using a roll-to-roll approach. This The majority of the presentation will discuss progress being made toward process has been combined with a new solid thio-LiSiCon electrolyte improving the mechanical and oxidation-resistance properties. and novel approaches to the cathode and anode to produce solid-state Speaker: Sylvia M. Johnson, Chief Materials Technologist, entry batteries with greatly increased capacity. These recent developments Vehicle and Systems Division, nASA Ames research Center. offer the potential development of low-cost solid-state LiBs for use in electric drive vehicles (eDVs). This presentation will review solid-state LiB technology from the first viable microbatteries to the current technology 9:30 – 10:25 a.m. being developed for use in eDVs and future applications. energy Track: Ceramic Components for Fuel Cells and Speaker: Kevin S. Jones, Professor MSe, University of Florida, Co- Other energy applications Director, Software & Analysis of Advanced Materials Processing Since 1960, the planet has changed because of increasing Center and Collaborator with Planar energy levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Similar increases over the next 50 years will reach a level beyond that which Business Track: emerging Nanomaterials and is comfortable for all species. At the same time, the global demand for energy, water and food will soar. Today’s Nanotechnology applications, Industry Trends and commercialization efforts of fuel cell technology and other Current and Future Markets John olenick advanced energy methods can be an important piece of the overall solution to provide more clean energy. Ceramic With large-scale current and potential use of nanostruc- components are becoming increasingly important in the cleantech market tured materials in applications, such as chemical mechani- space, providing means for ion transport, thermal management, catalysis of cal polishing, magnetic recording and ferro fluids, gases and liquids, power generation, energy storage, hydrogen purification sunscreens, catalysts, biodetection/labeling, cancer and storage generation of light, and energy from waste processes. treatment, imaging, conductive coatings, optical fibers, FeDs, chips and nanocomposites, the nanotechnology Speaker: John olenick, Ceo and President, enrG inc. Thomas Abraham industry is taking off with commercial markets. This presentation will provide an overview of the markets for nanomaterials and nanotechnology segments, such as nanoelectronics, Business Track: Raw-Materials Trends Impacting the nanophotonics, nanomagnetics, nanopatterning and lithography, nano- Ceramics and glass Community medicine, nanoenabled packaging, energy generation and storage devices. We currently live in a technologically rich culture where Speaker: Thomas Abraham, President, innovative research and the existence and operation of reliable infrastructure and Products inc. devices are, for the most part, taken for granted. With what might be considered as the reluctant acceptance of climate change and the effect our species is having on our own environment, society has become aware of the Mark Patterson need for sustainable solutions to the choices we make corporate SponSorShip and the industries we support. Many raw materials neces- Provide general conference support at one of three levels sary to support our critical technologies are imported, and, therefore, there exists a risk as to their long-term supply and availability. Current Platinum $5,000 gold $3,500 Silver $2,000 initiatives to ensure supply chain security and how technology might Contact Pat Janeway for details at 614-794-5826 or better be used to deliver a sustainable tomorrow will be discussed. [email protected] Speaker: Mark Patterson, Director research initiatives, College of engineering, University of Arizona

48 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Know someone at your company, institution or university who is a rising star? Nominate that person to be a part of the Future Leaders Program at the Ceramic Leadership summit. To nominate young professionals or for more information, contact Megan Bricker at [email protected].

WedNesday, augusT 3, 2011 innovations in design and sustainability. The presentation will discuss the challenge of forming a precompetitive research coalition of industry, 9:30 – 10:25 a.m. university and government agencies to support a fundamental research applications Track: Bioengineering soft Tissue with agenda to improve usable glass strength. Ceramics Speaker: Louis Mattos Jr., Senior Scientist, The Coca-Cola Company For much of the past 40 years, a hydroxyapatite-based material or a bioactive glass that formed hydroxyapatite in-vivo was thought to be the ideal material for an 1:00 – 1:55 p.m. orthopedic implant. Forming an appropriate end material energy Track: small Modular Nuclear Reactors in-vitro or in-vivo and the material’s ability to stimulate The small modular reactor concept is changing paradigms bone cells were the main areas of study. A new way of in nuclear power by providing small, grid-appropriate Steve Jung looking at regenerative materials is not just focusing on reactors with enhanced features, including passive safety bone-specific criteria, but also understanding the role controls. Additionally, SMrs are generally shop-fabricat- soft tissue plays in the healing process. Connective tissue heals in a ed, greatly reducing capital costs and opening new similar fashion. Therefore, understanding how to stimulate soft tissue opportunities in the manufacturing sector, including growth (i.e., angiogenesis) with implant materials can be used to Terry Michalske materials manufacturing. The presentation will discuss enhance healing in hard and soft tissue applications. these opportunities and cover recent SMr developments. Speaker: Steve Jung, Senior research & Development engineer, Mo-Sci Corporation. Speaker: Terry Michalske, Laboratory Director, Savannah river national Laboratory

10:45 – 11:40 a.m. energy Track: solar energy developments 1:00 – 2:55 p.m. The conversion of solar power to electricity can take place by photovol- Business Track: Business Valuation taic or solar cells as well as by use of solar power plants. This session Business owners and entrepreneurs will get practical will explore new developments in solar energy technology. Check www. tools and learn how to package their business to make it ceramics.org/cls2011 for an updated description of this session. attractive to a buyer; how to maximize the future Speaker: Coming Soon potential of the business; how to increase sales through marketing/market research; how to make an organizational plan; how to substantiate goodwill; and more. in Business Track: The Market Outlook for energy-Related Allen oppenheimer addition, the step-by-step process will cover practical Technologies aspects of the sale-of-business process; how to transfer a business to family and employees using an eSoP; how to target and emerging markets provide great opportunity for materials attract suitable buyers; how to negotiate an increase in price on the basis suppliers and researchers, because they spur the growth of of favorable deal structuring; and practical examples on the sale-of- new supply chains for novel applications. Here we review business process. the drivers creating opportunities for ceramic materials in several areas, including electric vehicles, advanced coatings Speaker: Allen oppenheimer, President, A.M. oppenheimer inc. and composites, and water treatment. The presentation will Kevin See sort through the hype surrounding these markets, examine trends in each of these areas and discuss the economic, regulatory and technical factors that affect adoption now and in the future. Speaker: Kevin See, Analyst, Lux research hyatt regency Baltimore applications Track: advances in glass strength and the 300 Light street, Baltimore, Md 21202 Impact on society 402-592-6464 | 888-421-1442 Glass is prized for its ability to transmit light, be formed Room rates into miraculous shapes and resist chemical corrosion. single/double/Triple/Quad– $199.00 plus tax Today’s commercial glass fails to tap 99.5 percent of its government– $161.00 (access code: aCsgOV0711) theoretical strength and has one major flaw – it breaks. discount cut-off date: July 8, 2011 The vision of the Usable Glass Strength Coalition is to bridge the gap between the lab strength of glass and the Make reservations at www.ceramics.org/cls2011. Louis Mattos Jr. usable commercial strength of glass, enabling dramatic

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 49 Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011

1:00 – 1:55 p.m. materials scarcity issues, such as indium and the rare-earth elements, are central considerations for a applications Track: Ceramic applications in the automo- number of advanced technology applications. Data will tive Industry be presented that can serve as a predictive model for the Ceramic materials are widely used in the automotive supply and demand for various raw materials in the 5 to industry as structural or functional components, such as 30 year time frame. Various approaches taken by pump seals, catalyst supports, particulate filters, spark plugs, Michael Hill industries and governments around the world to address sensors or piezoelectric actuators. other ceramic parts have these issues will be reviewed. Finally, proactive strategies been developed but never used in mass production, because will be discussed on handling scarcity issues with an emphasis on of high costs, insufficient reliability or only minor benefits to aligning research and development activities to address current and Michael Hoffman system performance. To open new markets for ceramic potential future issues involving the supply of critical raw materials. components, feasibility studies and prototypes are required Speaker: Michael Hill, Technical Director, research and Development, to demonstrate the potential of an enhanced efficiency. The presentation will Trans-Tech inc. cover potential uses of engineering ceramics for local strengthening of light-weight metal parts with porous ceramic preforms or for corrosive and tribologically highly stressed pump components. The current status of CLoSinG GenerAL SeSSion piezoelectric actuators for fuel injection systems and PTC heaters, as well as the challenges for alternative materials to lead containing compounds also 3:15 – 5:00 p.m. will be discussed. Connecting Research, Technology and Manufacturing Speaker: Michael J. Hoffmann, Professor and Head of the institute research and innovation are critical to development of technology that of Ceramics for Mechanical engineering, Karlsruhe institute of can transform the world. This session features presentations from two Technology leaders from organizations within the United States and europe that help connect research, technology and manufacturing. each presentation will be followed by a facilitated dialog with Summit participants. 2:00 – 2:55 p.m. Case study I energy Track: Materials Needs in alternative & Renewable The national Science Foundation is the primary source of energy for the automotive Industry support for basic research and education in science and Great progress has been made in recent years relative to engineering throughout the U.S. academic community. At battery technology. Primary concerns associated with nSF, the Directorate for engineering has historically occu- lithium-ion batteries and high-volume traction applications pied a unique and interesting space within the Foundation, are associated with cost, life (cycle and calendar) and Thomas W. Peterson and today is no different. Similar to other directorates, performance over a wide temperature range. Despite these most of enG investments support basic research and dis- concerns, it is well recognized that soon lithium-ion batteries covery. But a portion of the enG portfolio of investments directly addresses Mark Verbrugge will be used in a variety of electrified vehicles, spanning from the important translation of the fruits of successful basic research into engine start/stop applications to hybrid electric vehicles to products and processes of societal benefit. What can one federal agency pure electric vehicles. Hence, it is critically important to understand (the nSF) reasonably do to stimulate innovation and economic development phenomena governing the durability of lithium-ion cells within the context of through strategic investments in our nation’s colleges and universities? traction applications and to identify improved electrode materials. The Speaker: Thomas W. Peterson, Assistant Director for engineering, presentation will focus on (1) the combined mechanical and chemical degradation of lithium-ion electrode materials, including recent theoretical national Science Foundation and experimental methods to clarify the governing phenomena; (2) new Case study 2 materials offering promising high-energy/high-power applications; and (3) how global energy challenges, trends in personal transportation and Advanced ceramics have enormous potential for electrochemical energy storage technologies relate. high-tech markets, such as energy and environmental technology. Several case studies of Fraunhofer projects Speaker: Mark Verbrugge, Director, Chemical Sciences and Materi- and of industrial partners will show how technology als Systems Lab, General Motors research & Development Center transfer can be expedited within the Fraunhofer model. Alexander Michaelis one important feature of those projects is that r&D is done along the whole value chain, including proof of Business Track: Raw Materials scarcity and Its Impact on principle up to prototyping as well as up-scaling to preseries production. the u.s. advanced Ceramic Technological development, This approach leads to shorter time to market and reduces risks, such as retentivity costs. As examples, fuel cell storage and filtration applications an Industrial Perspective will be covered. raw-material considerations play a considerable role in the engineering Speaker: Alexander Michaelis, Director, Fraunhofer institute for activities of many U.S. corporations manufacturing ceramic products. Such considerations play a central role in the technology development Ceramic Technologies and Systems roadmaps and how they are implemented. The impact of current raw-

50 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 Organized by: Sponsored by:

Materials Science & Technology 2011 Conference & Exhibition OctOber 16–20, 2011 | cOlumbus, OhiO usA

The leading forum addressing structure, Program Preview properties, processing and performance across the materials www.matscitech.org community.

Join us for ACerS 113th Annual Meeting! ® Materials Science & Technology 2011 Conference & Exhibition

ACerS Lectures and Special Events

Sunday, 5:00 – 6:00 p.m. Tuesday, 8:00 – 9:00 a.m. October 16 Frontiers of Science and Society Rustum Roy October 18 ACerS Arthur L. Friedberg Memorial Lecture Lecture “Processing Dielectric Oxides – New Opportunities and Chal- Deborah L. Wince-Smith, president and CEO of the Council lenges,” Clive A. Randall, Pennsylvania State University on Competitiveness 1:00 – 2:00 p.m. Monday, 8:00 a.m. – Noon ACerS Edward Orton Jr. Memorial Lecture October 17 Plenary Session Gary Messing, Pennsylvania State University Subra Suresh, director of the National Science Foundation, will discuss the importance of the U.S.’s science & technology work force, followed by several prominent speakers on related topics. Wednesday, 1:00 – 2:00 p.m. October 19 ACerS Robert B. Sosman Lecture 2:00 – 5:20 p.m. “Interface Structure Dependent Microstructural Evolution in Ceramics,” Suk-Joong L. Kang, KAIST ACerS Cooper Award Session on Glass Relaxation “The Physics of Iso-Structural Viscosity,” Prabhat Gupta, Ohio State University “Relaxation of Density Fluctuations in Glass,” John C. Mauro, Corning Incor- porated Special Events Sunday, October 16, 2011 “Automatic and Robust TNM Model Parameter Estimation from Multirate DSC Welcome Reception 6:00 – 7:30 p.m. Data,” Robert G. Erdmann, University of Arizona Network with your colleagues, meet new people and learn about the exciting “Investigation of Dynamic Processes in Chalcogenide Glasses by Modulated membership offerings of the organizing societies. DSC,” Pierre Lucas, University of Arizona Monday, October 17, 2011 2:00 – 4:40 p.m. ACerS 113th Annual Meeting 1:00 – 2:00 p.m. ACerS Richard M. Fulrath Award Session Newly elected officers take their positions, and the Annual Membership Japanese Academic: Junichi Tatami, Yokohama National University Meeting is held. All ACerS members and guests are welcome. Women in Materials Science and Japanese Industrial: Eiichi Koga, Panasonic Electronic Devices Co.; and Atsushi Omote, Panasonic Corp. Engineering Reception 5:30 – 6:30 p.m. Enjoy the chance to network with professionals and peers in a relaxed American Academic: Roger Narayan, University of North Carolina and North environment. Carolina State University ACerS Annual Honors and Awards Banquet 7:30 – 9:30 p.m. Enjoy dinner, conversation and the presentation of Society awards. American Industrial: Sujanto Widjaja, Corning Incorporated Purchase tickets for $80 via the registration form.

52 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 OctOber 16–20, 2011 | cOlumbus, OhiO usA

MS&T’11 Exhibitors (as of 04/29/11)

Booth# Company 632 Across International 736 AdValue Technology LLC 518 Agilent Technologies 824 Aldrich Material Science 725 Alfred University 705 Allied High Tech Products Inc. 717 American Stress Technologies Inc. 618 Analytical Reference Materials International 506 Angstrom Scientific Inc. 719 Anter Corporation 724 Applied Test Systems Inc. 604 Avure Technologies Inc. 627 Bose Corporation 432 Brook Anco Corporation 825 Buehler 721 Carbolite 504 Carl Zeiss MicroImaging 505 Carl Zeiss SMT 620 Centorr Vacuum Industries inc. 733 Cilas Particle Size 510 CM Furnaces Inc. 818 CompuTherm LLC 527 CSM Instruments 516 Dialog LLC 414 EDAX Inc. 645 Elsevier 515 Engineered Pressure Systems Inc. (EPSI) 524 Evans Analytical Group 815 FEI Company 836 Fluid Imaging Technologies 608 Gasbarre Products Inc. (PTX-Pentronix) 411 Goodfellow Corporation 610 Granta Design 609 Harrop Industries Inc. 710 High Temperature Materials Laboratory 404 Hitachi High Technologies America Inc. 814 Horiba Scientific 621 Innov-X 605 JEOL USA Inc. 508 LAEIS GMBH 805 LECO Corporation 633 Metal Samples Company 625 Metcut Research Inc. 720 Micromeritics Instruments Corporation 750 Microtrac 737 MTI Corporation Booth# Company 715 MTS Systems Corporation 521 TEC 637 Nanovea 804 Tescan USA 704 Netzsch Instruments North America LLC 810 Thermcraft Inc. Contact Pat Janeway to 704 Netzsch Premier Technology LLC 509 Thermo Scientific 614 NIST 606 Thermo-Cal Software reserve your booth space 415 NSL Analytical Services Inc. 745 Thermotech at MS&T’11. 611 Oxford Instruments 820 UES Inc. 407 PANalytical 405 Union Process Inc. 514 Proto Manufacturing Inc. 708 Wiley [email protected] 745 Sente Software Ltd. 626 Spectro Analytical Instruments Inc. 614-794-5826 615 Struers Inc.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 53 ® mAteriAls science & technOlOgy 2011 cOnference & exhibitiOn

MS&T’11 Student Activities

MS&T’11 Student Chapter Travel Grants Student Networking Mixer The Material Advantage Student Program offers $500 travel grants to student Join in this relaxed, casual and fun atmosphere designed for students, Material chapters in support of attending AISTech, the TMS annual meeting, or the ACerS Advantage Faculty Advisors and society volunteer leaders. Students are encour- and ASM annual meetings held at MS&T. aged to wear their school colors. Music will be provided. The student chapter may determine how the grant is spent, either to cover many students’ hotel costs or to cover one or two students traveling from afar. The Monday, October 17 grants are restricted to one grant per chapter per academic year. All grants are issued in check form to the chapter advisor and will be sent after the event upon ACerS Student Tour (Time and location to be determined) verification that the chapter was in attendance. If a chapter has special circum- Students have the great opportunity to attend a tour, organized by ACerS Presi- stances that require the checks to be issued prior to the meeting, exceptions can dent’s Council of Student Advisors, during MS&T’11 in Columbus, Ohio. Bus be made on a case per case basis. Travel grants will be awarded on a first come, transportation will be provided to and from the tour. Space is limited. Stay tuned first served basis, so act early! for more information in the near future. Contact Tricia Nicol at tnicol@ceramics. org for more information. Chapters must be active and in good standing to be eligible for a travel grant. For more information, contact Candace Cunningham at students@asminternational. AIST Student Plant Tour 12:30 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. org or by phone at 1-800-336-5152, ext. 5527. Take advantage of this great opportunity to see a steel mill in action. Whether you are already interested in steel or would like to learn about the industry, sign Deadline for travel grant applications is October 3, 2011. up for this tour. Contact Chris McKelvey for more information and to register at [email protected]. Student Monitors Students may partially defray expenses by serving as session monitors. Monitors AIST Steel Industry Student Recruiting Reception 7:00 – 9:00 p.m. assist session chairs, record session attendance statistics, assist with audio/visual Students are invited to meet and talk with representatives from the steel industry equipment, etc. Monitor positions are limited and are assigned on a first come, about the high technology required in today’s steel industry. Find out what great first served basis. Interested students should contact Marla Boots at mboots@ career opportunities are available. Be sure to bring your résumé for internships tms.org. and job leads. RSVP to Chris McKelvey at [email protected]. Saturday, October 15 Chapter Leadership Workshop (Date & time subject to change) Tuesday, October 18 Network and share best practices. This workshop provides a detailed introduc- Professional & Student Recruitment & Career Pavilion tion to the Material Advantage Student Program for chapter officers. Registration Stop by the new Professional Recruitment & Career Pavilion in the expo hall on for this workshop as well as MS&T conference registration is required. This Tuesday and Wednesday during regular exhibit hall hours. Visit booths, talk with workshop is for Material Advantage Chapter Officers only. Contact Candace company reps and view job postings in the Career Pavilion while you explore Cunningham at [email protected] for more information. the exhibit hall. This is your chance to make valuable contacts with potential employers. Admission to the Career Pavilion is included in your conference registration fee. Sunday, October 16 Mug Drop Contest Undergraduate Student Speaking Contest Mugs fabricated by students from ceramic raw materials are judged on aesthet- MS&T hosts the national semifinal and final rounds of the Material Advan- ics and breaking thresholds. Mugs are dropped from varying levels until the tage Undergraduate Student Speaking Contest, organized by the Ceramic breaking threshold is reached. The mug with the highest successful drop dis- Educational Council. Each Material Advantage Chapter is encouraged to hold tance wins! To compete, register no later than Oct. 7, 2011, by contacting Greg local contests on campus prior to MS&T. Local contest winners will advance to Hilmas at [email protected]. the semifinal/final rounds. The presentation subject must be technical but can relate to any aspect of materials science and engineering. Participants receive Putter Contest a $300 travel grant awarded at the end of the semifinal/final rounds. Winners of Teams of four students compete using putters and balls they fabricated. Each the finals receive cash prizes. For contest rules, contact Tricia Nicol at tnicol@ team member must have his or her own putter and ball, which are judged prior ceramics.org. National contestants must be reported to Kristen Brosnan at to the contest. Prizes are awarded on aesthetics, closest putt, and best putting [email protected] by September 23, 2011. team (the team achieving the shortest combined distance from the hole). To register your team of four, contact Greg Hilmas at [email protected] no later Undergraduate Poster Contest than Oct. 7, 2011. Stop by the Greater Columbus Convention Center to view all the submissions to the 2011 undergraduate poster contest. The posters will be displayed from Student Awards Ceremony Sunday, October 16, to Wednesday, October 19. For more information about Congratulate the winner’s of this year’s contests: Material Advantage Chapters this poster contest for undergraduates or to enter a poster abstract, contact Ed of Excellence; Student Speaking Contest; Graduate and Undergraduate Poster Sabolsky at [email protected]. Deadline for poster abstracts is Sept. Contests; Mug Drop Contest; Putter Contest; TMS Superalloys Awards; ASM 23, 2011. Materials Design Competition; AIST/AISI Scholarships; and Keramos National Chapter Awards. Career Forum Discuss career options with professionals in industry, academia and government. Get insight into the value of professional memberships, make industry Wednesday, October 19 connections and learn about career opportunities from those with experience. Professional & Student Recruitment & Career Pavilion Graduate School Information Stop by the new Professional Recruitment & Career Pavilion in the exhibit hall on Tuesday and Wednesday during regular exhibit hall hours. Visit booths, Students interested in graduate school will benefit from discussing pros and talk with company reps and view job postings in the Career Pavilion while you cons with graduate students at this session. Hear directly from university rep- explore the exhibit hall. This is your chance to make valuable contacts with resentatives about the process for applying to and selecting a graduate school potential employers. Admission to the Career Pavilion is included in your confer- program. ence registration fee. Art of Networking Improve your networking skills and learn how to meet and talk with people who may be able to impact your future! Register at www.matscitech.org today!

54 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 OctOber 16–20, 2011 | cOlumbus, OhiO usA

MS&T’11 Short Courses

Sunday, 9 a.m.–5 p.m. Thursday, 8:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. and 8:30–11:30 a.m. October 16 Modern Statistics, Data Analysis and Specimen/ October 20 Fundamentals of Glass Science and Technology, Structural Reliability Modeling Friday, Fractography Lab Instructors: Jeffrey T. Fong, P.E., National Institute of October 21 Instructor: Arun K. Varshneya, Saxon Glass Technologies Standards & Technology and Stephen W. Freiman, Location: Crowne Plaza Freiman Consulting Description: The course covers basic glass science and Location: The Columbus Renaissance technology in order to broaden or improve one’s foundation in the understand- Description: This course is ideal for practicing engineers and engineering ing of glass as a material of choice. Topics include glass science (commercial students. Some basic knowledge of statistics is necessary. It would be particu- glass families, glassy state, nucleation and crystallization, phase separation, larly helpful if each student had a reliability problem of their own that could be glass structure); glass technology, batch calculations; glassmelting and glass addressed in the class. forming; glass properties and engineering principles; and elementary fracture analysis. At the end of the course, the attendee should be able to • Know the various commercial oxide glass families, their nominal chemical composition and their key properties that are important for applications; 8:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. Thursday, • Understand its physical relationship to liquids and solids; October 20 Achieving Your Goals through Effective • Have a general idea of key physical and chemical properties that lead to Communication common applications; and Instructor: Larry Wagner • Know the basics of glassmelting and glass forming, including annealing of Location: Hyatt Regency Columbus the more common commercial glass products. Description: What if you could influence others to gain support and resources, resolve inevitable conflicts with professional confidence and give and receive important feedback that will lead to continuously improving business and 8:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. and 8:30–11:30 a.m. building stronger business relationships? Learn the techniques of effective Thursday, communication ranging from one-on-one situations to presenting information to October 20 Sintering of Ceramics Instructor: Mohamed N. Rahaman, Missouri University of large groups. This course is structured so that attendees can immediately begin Friday, Science and Technology developing these important skills through practice in small group settings. At October 21 the completion of this course, the attendee will be able to Location: Crowne Plaza • Confirm their perception of others perspectives through active listening Description: The course covers (1) a review of sintering skills; basics: characterization of sintering (methods used to measure/monitor the • Provide feedback focused on achieving positive results; progress of sintering); driving forces; diffusion and defect chemistry; solid-state • Receive feedback and modify their approach to improve performance; and viscous sintering; microstructure development and control; liquid-phase • Understand the multiple perspectives of key decision makers and develop sintering; (2) special topics: effect in homogeneities on sintering; constrained an effective influencing strategy; sintering of composites, adherent thin films and multilayers; solid solutions • Manage conflict using optimized approaches; and additives (dopants); reaction sintering; viscous sintering with crystallization; • Modify their communication style depending on the target audience and (3) sintering practice: (4) “how to do” sintering; effect of various materials and technology used. processing parameters on sintering; and (5) case studies. The attendee will develop sufficient background in the principles and practice of sintering to be able to • Do sintering to achieve specified target microstructures; • Understand the difficulties encountered in practical sintering; and • Take practical steps to rectify the problems encountered in producing required target microstructures.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 55 Register by June 24, 2011, to save $125.

2nd Advances in Cement-Based Materials: Characterization, Processing, Modeling and Sensing July 24–26, 2011 Nashville, Tn, USA www.ceramics.org/cements2011

Register now to attend Cements 2011, hosted July Technical Program 24–26, 2011, by Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tenn. Authors will present oral and poster presentations on The meeting is co-organized by the Cements Division of ACerS and the Center for Advanced Cement-Based • Cement chemistry and nano/microstructure. Materials. Hydration of cement, aqueous thermodynamics and high-temperature chemistry, supplementary cementi- Tutorial tious materials, structure and properties of C–S–H and C–S–H composites, and microstructure evolution. This year’s tutorial is “Geochemical speciation modeling and transport processes applied to cement-based ma- • Advances in multiscale material characterization. terials” and will feature Barbara Lothenbach from EMPA, New developments regarding experimental techniques the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science for characterizing hydration, nano/microstructure, early and Technology. age properties, rheology, hardened properties, durability and other physical and chemical phenomena of Lecture cementitious materials and cement-based composites. The Della Roy Lecture, sponsored by Elsevier, will be • Alternative cementitious materials and material given by Karen Scrivener, professor and head of the modification. Manufacture of next-generation cements, Laboratory of Construction Materials at Ecole Polytech- including low energy/”green” cements, geopolymers nique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland) and founder and other novel binders. Addition of nanosized and of the Nanocem Consortium. nanostructured materials, including organic additives

Schedule of Events FGH = Vanderbilt University’s Featheringill Hall

Sunday, July 24, 2011 Tuesday, July 26, 2011 Registration Noon to 6:00 p.m. FGH Atrium Registration 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. FGH Atrium Tutorial 1:00 to 4:30 p.m. FGH Auditorium Technical Session 8:30 to 10:00 a.m. FGH Auditorium Poster Session Break 10:00 to 10:30 a.m. FGH Atrium & Reception 4:30 to 6:00 p.m. FGH Atrium Technical Session 10:30 a.m. to Noon FGH Auditorium Technical Session 2:00 to 3:30 p.m. FGH Auditorium Monday, July 25, 2011 Break 3:30 to 4:00 p.m. FGH Atrium Registration 7:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. FGH Atrium Technical Session 4:00 to 4:45 p.m. FGH Auditorium Technical Session 8:30 to 10:00 a.m. FGH Auditorium Break 10:00 to 10:30 a.m. FGH Atrium Technical Session 2:00 to 3:30 p.m. FGH Auditorium Cements Division Sponsorship General Business Meeting 3:30 to 4:30 p.m. FGH Auditorium For Corporate Sponsorship opportunities, contact Della Roy Lecture Patricia Janeway at [email protected] or & Reception 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. FGH Auditorium 614-794-5826. & Atrium

56 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 and their interactions in cementitious systems. ACBM Leadership • Multiscale concrete durability. Properties of ce- Director: Surendra P. Shah ment pastes governing durability, concrete deterioration Associate Director: Jason Weiss mechanisms, methodology for testing durability, transport processes and service life predictions. Hotel Information • Advances in computational material science and chemo/mechanical modeling of cement-based ma- Marriott Nashville at Vanderbilt University terials. New developments in modeling the behavior of 2555 West End Avenue cement-based materials, including chemical, mechani- Nashville, TN 37203 Phone: 615-321-1300/1-800-285-0190 cal and physical behavior as applied to durability and Fax: 615-340-5142 interaction of cementitious materials with the environment; hydration kinetics and microstructural evolution To make reservations online for the Marriott Nashville at modeling. Vanderbilt University, visit www.ceramics.org/cements2011. When making a reservation by phone, mention The American • Smart materials and sensors. Advances in sensor Ceramic Society room block. Secure your room by June 24, technology for monitoring fresh, hardened properties 2011, to ensure the discounted rate. and physical and chemical degradation processes. Rate: $139.00 Single/Double Occupancy Meeting Organization Discount cut-off date: June 24, 2011 Florence Sanchez Program Chair Vanderbilt University Associate Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering 615-322-5135

Jason Weiss Co-Chair Purdue University Professor, Civil Engineering and Director Pankow Materials Laboratory 765-494-2215

Kyle A. Riding Co-Chair Kansas State University Assistant Professor, Civil & Environmental Engineering 785-532 1578

Jeff Chen Co-Chair Lafarge Centre de Recherche Group Leader +33 4 74 82 84 02

ACerS Cements Division Leadership Division Chair: Zachary C. Grasley, Texas A&M University Chair-Elect: Paramita Mondal, University of Illinois Secretary: Benjamin Mohr, Tennessee Technological University Trustee: Joseph J. Biernacki, Tennessee Technological University

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 57 resources

Int’l Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology preview

All ACerS members are provided free online access Effect of Graphite Pore-Forming Agents on the to the International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology. Go to www.ceramics.org, enter Sintering Characteristics of Ni/YSZ Composites your username and password and then go to the for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications “Publications & Resources” menu. Print subscriptions to this journal (not free to members) are sold online by Ryan M.C. Clemmer and Stephen F. Corbin Wiley–Blackwell Publishing, www.wiley.com. Canadians Clemmer and Corbin studied the effect on porosity by the addition of graphite to tape-cast nickel New papers are posted to the “Online Early” page as oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia composites. They attrib- soon as they are ready for publication, even before the issue is printed. Below are samples of what’s coming. uted the sintering anisotropy to the delamination of the tape cast layers caused by the large volume of exit gases formed during graphite burnout. High Performance Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fabricated with Ni–Yttria Stabilized Zirconia A New Highly Bioactive Composite for Bone Anode Prepared by Electroless Technique Tissue Repair Madhumita Mukhopadhyay, Jayanta Mukhopadhyay, Devis Bellucci, Valeria Cannillo and Antonella Sola Abhijit Das Sharma and Rajendra N. Basu This CSIR (India) research team used a 28-volume- This Italian research team reports that it has sintered percent-nickel–8-mole-percent-yttria-stabilized zirconia BioK glass–hydroxyapatite-based composites at low temper- cermet and an electroless technique to prepare a solid ature, which preserved the amorphous nature of the glass. oxide fuel cell anode that was used as the anode support The team further reports the composites exhibit excellent and anode active layer. The anode was used in a high-per- bioactivity properties and preserve their local mechanical formance cell that exhibited a significantly low degradation properties during immersion in body fluids. rate during long-term testing. Fabrication of Thin-Films Composed of ZnO Fabrication of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia-Based Nanorods Using Electrophoretic Deposition Honeycomb Biofilters Yukihiro Hara, Jeffrey R. S. Brownson and Marc A. Anderson These researchers from the University of Wisconsin– Gorka Gallastegui, Ana Elías and Juan Carlos Ruiz-Morales Madison and Pennsylvania State University used template- This Spanish team of researchers used yttrium-stabilized free electrophoretic deposition to fabricate thin films com- zirconia and NOMEX™ mesh to fabricate honeycombs posed of ZnO nanorods on transparent conductive oxide for biofiltration of toluene in air. The team reports that glasses. They then used the ZnO nanorod thin films and the structures were stable and allowed the attachment of ZnO nanopowder thin films to construct photoelectrodes biofilms with no evidence of deterioration. Moreover, the for dye-sensitized solar cells. They report that the cells con- biofilters can be incinerated and reused if the removal effi- structed of ZnO nanorods displayed higher efficiency. ciency decreases, and they can be fabricated from aged solid oxide fuel cell yttrium-stabilized zirconia. Biological and Mechanical Properties of Bonding SiC to SiC Using a Sodium Silicate Nanohydroxyapatite-Containing Carbon/Carbon Solution Composites Alix Preston and Guido Mueller Danuta Mikociak, Stanislaw Blazewicz and Jerzy Michalowski Preston and Mueller used only a small amount of sodium This research team from Poland prepared carbon/carbon silicate solution to bond several pairs of SiC materials that composites from pitch precursors modified with hydroxyap- had various surface roughnesses. They thermally cycled the atite nanopowder. The team reports that the hydroxyapa- bond and cut the bonded pieces to test the durability of the tite-nanopowder-modified composites have good mechani- adhesion process. cal properties and improved bioactivity in simulated body fluid compared with the pure carbon.

58 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 resources

International Journal of Applied Glass Science preview All ACerS members are provided free online access nanoindentation experiments conducted at lower loading to the International Journal of Applied Glass Science. rates than at higher loading rates. Go to www.ceramics.org, enter your username and password and then go to the “Publications and Resources” menu. Print subscriptions (not free to Correlation of Structure and Photoelastic members) also are sold online by Wiley-Blackwell Response in Tin Phosphate Glass Publishing, www.wiley.com. Vincent Martin, Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger, Josef W. Zwanziger New papers are posted to the “Online Early” page as and Richard A. Dunlap soon as they are ready for publication, even before the These Canadian researchers tested an empirical model issue is printed. Below are samples of what’s coming. established to predict the photoelastic response of a glass

(in this case (SnO)x(P2O5)1−x) based on its composition Homogeneity of Inorganic Glasses: and the crystalline structure of its constituents. They Quantification and Ranking report that, although the model based on data on the pure Martin Jensen, Long Zhang, Ralf Keding and Yuanzheng Yue components predicted the composition of the zero stress optic glass to within about 15 mole percent, inclusion of This team of Danish and Chinese researchers describes data on mixed systems, more reflective of the true glass a simple approach using image processing to quantify and structure, gave substantial improvement of the prediction. rank the homogeneity of various glass products based on optical intensity and striation dimensions of the glasses obtained. The team reports that this new method has a Gas Solubility in Glasses: Principles and wider detection range and a lower statistical uncertainty Applications than the refractive index method. James F. Shackelford University of California researcher Shackelford reviews Inward and Outward Diffusion of Modifying Ions numerous practical applications of the solubility of gases and Its Impact on the Properties of Glasses and in glass. He focuses on gas solubility in rigid glasses below the glass transition temperature, but recognizes the related Glass-Ceramics problem of gas solubility in glassmelts, a problem of sub- Morten M. Smedskjaer and Yuanzheng Yue stantial commercial interest. Aalborg University researchers Smedskjaer and Yue report inward and outward diffusion processes in glasses and Preventing Sodium Poisoning of Photocatalytic glass-ceramics caused by redox reactions by mapping diffu- TiO Films on Glass by Metal Doping sion depth and thermal reduction temperature and time in 2 Murat Erdem Kurtoglu, Travis Longenbach and Yury Gogotsi a three-dimensional diagram as well as correlation among the glass composition, structure, topology and the diffusion This American and Turkish research team compared process in the polyvalent elements containing glasses. They photocatalytic activities on glass and SiO2-precoated glass to suggest diffusion approaches are potential tools for tailoring determine the effects of silver, cobalt, copper, gallium, molyb- surface performances of bulk glasses and glass fibers. denum and tantalum doping on the prevention of sodium poisoning of sol–gel TiO2 films. The team reports that molyb-

denum- and tantalum-doped TiO2 films showed significantly Nanoindentation of Soda-Lime-Silica Glass: reduced sodium poisoning compared with undoped films. Effect of Loading Rate Arjun Dey, Riya Chakraborty and Anoop Kumar Molded Glass-Ceramics for Infrared Applications Mukhopadhyay Mathieu Rozé, Laurent Calvez, Mathieu Hubert, Perrine This research team from India conducted many nanoin- Toupin, Bruno Bureau, Catherine Boussard-Plédel and dentation experiments on a thin commercial soda-lime-sil- Xiang-Hua Zhang ica glass using a Berkovich tip at a constant load as a func- This research team from France investigated the feasi- tion of variations in the loading rates. The team reports bility of making molded glass-ceramics transparent in the that the nanohardness of the glass increased as the loading second and third atmospheric window. The team reports rate increased and that the presence of serrations in load– that as-prepared glass-ceramics containing GeGa4Se8 depth plots and deformation band formations inside the nanocrystals demonstrated wide infrared transparency and nanoindentaion cavities were more vividly observed in the high resistance to thermal and mechanical shock.

American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 59 resources

Calendar of events

June 2011 28–29 NSF Ceramic Materials PI on Electrophoretic Deposition – Workshop 2011 – Arlington, Va.; www. CasaMagna Marriott Hotel, Puerto 5–7 Society of Manufacturing Engineers ceramics.org/nsfworkshop Vallarta, Mexico; www.engconfintl. Annual Conference – Hyatt Regency, org/11ab.html Bellevue, Wash.; www.sme.org/ August 2011 16–20 MS&T’11: Materials Science 5–8 Fractography of Glasses and 1–3 Ceramic Leadership Summit 2011 & Technology 2011 Conference Ceramics VI – Jacksonville, Fla.; – Hyatt Regency, Baltimore, Md.; www. and Exhibition – Greater Columbus www.fractographyvi.com/index.html ceramics.org/cls2011 Convention Center, Columbus, Ohio; www.matscitech.org 8–10 ACerS Southwest Section 7–11 Int’l Workshop on Annual Meeting – Omni Mandalay Hotel, Piezoelectric Materials and 16–20 ACerS Annual Meeting and Las Colinas (Dallas-Irving), Texas; www. Applications 2011 for Clean Energy Awards Banquet – Renaissance ceramics.org/sections/southwest-section Systems & 3rd Annual CIMSS Downtown Hotel, Columbus, Ohio; Conference – Hotel Roanoke, Roanoke, www.ceramics.org 12th Conference of the 19–23 Va.; www.cpe.vt.edu/ehw European Ceramic Society – City 12–22 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Conference Center, Stockholm, Sweden; 21–25 7th Int’l Conference on & Devices – Suzhou, China; www. www.ecers2011.se Borate Glasses, Crystals and Melts engconf.org/11an.html – Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova 23–24 NanoSEC 2011: Nano Science 19–20 54th Annual Int’l Colloquium and Engineering for Better Ceramics Scotia, Canada; www.regonline.com/ borate7 on Refractories – Aachen, Germany; – MRC Auditorium, Indiant Institute of www.feuerfest-kolloquium.de or www. Science, Bangalore, India; www.incers. 28–Sept. 1 Sintering 2011, ecref.eu org/ Korean Ceramic Society and Korean 24–26 LEDs 2011 – San diego 26–July 1 7th Int’l Dendrimer Powder Metal Institute – Jeju Island, Korea; www.sintering2011.org Resort, San Diego, Calif.; www.led- Symposium 2011 – Gaithersburg, Md.; sconference.com www.mrs.org/meetings September 2011 30–Nov. 2 ACTSEA-2011: 3rd Int’l 27–July 1 Semiconductor Symposium on Advanced Ceramics Technology for Ultra Large Scale 12 ACerS Pittsburgh Section Annual and Technology for Sustainable Integrated Circuits and Thin Film Golf Outing – Lenape Heights Golf Energy Applications – Howard Beach Transistors – Hong Kong, China; www. Course, Ford City, Pa., Las Colinas Resort Kenting Hunchun Town, engconf.org/11ax.html (Dallas-Irving), Texas; www.ceramics.org/ Pingtung, Taiwan; www.mse.ntu.edu. sections/pittsburgh-section tw/~actsea2011 24–28 ECCM15, the 15th European st Conference on Composite Materials – 12–14 WASTES: 1 Int’l Conference 30–Nov. 2 UNITECR 2011: Unified Lido, Venice, Italy; www.eccm15.org on Waste Solutions, Treatments Int’l Conference on Refractories, 12th and Opportunities – University Biennial Worldwide Congress – Kyoto July 2011 Minho, Guimaräes, Portungal; www. International Conference Center, Kyoto, wastes2011.org Japan; www.unitecr2011.org PACRIM9: The 9th Int’l 10–14 12–14 imX Interactive Manufacturing Meeting of Pacific Rim Ceramic Societies Experience – Las Vegas Convention November 2011 – Cairns, Australia; www. Center, Las Vegas, Nev.; www. th austceram.com/pacrim9.asp 4–7 CICC-7: 7 Int’l Conference on imxevent.com High Performance Ceramics – Xiamen, 9th Int’l Conference on 10–14 13–14 Nanopolymers 2011 – Radisson China; www.ccs-cicc.com Advances in the Fusion and Processing Blu Scandinavia Hotel, Düsseldorf, of Glass (held in conjuction with 8–10 Hi-Tech Build 2011 – Expocenter Germany; www.ismithers.net/confer- PACRIM9) – Cairns, Australia; www. Pavilion 1, Moscow, Russia; ences/XNAN11/nanopolymers-2011 austceram.com/pacrim9.asp www.hitechbuilding.ru Hi Temp Conference (Netzsch 21–24 27th Convention of Mexican 20–22 North America Instruments) – Ceramics Industry – Cancun Palace Millennium Hotel, Boston, Mass.; www. Hotel, Cancun, Mexico; www.soceram- Dates in RED denote new entry in hitemp2011.com norte.com.mx/ this issue. Cements Division/Center for 20–24 Cersaie – Bologna, Italy.; www. 24–26 Entries in BLUE denote ACerS Advanced Cement-Based Materials cersaie.it Annual Meeting – Vanderbilt University, events. Nashville, Tenn., www.ceramics.org/ October 2011 denotes meetings that ACerS divisions/cements-division 2–7 EPD 2011: 4th Int’l Conference cosponsors, endorses or other- wise cooperates in organizing.

60 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 PROOF of your advertisement for insertion in the FEBRUARY issue

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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5 63 classified AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY JUNE/JULY 2011 advertising bulletin advErtisEr iNdEx Advertiser Page No. Advertiser Page No. liquidations/used equipment ACCCO Inc./Burley Clay Products 63 Powder Processing & Technology 62 800-828-7539 219-462-4141 x224 [email protected] • www.accco-inc.com [email protected] www.pptechnology.com CERAMIC MACHINERY Active Minerals Intl. LLC 7 and FACTORIES FOR SALE 410-825-2920 PremaTech Advanced Ceramic 62 [email protected] • www.activeminerals.com 508-791-9549 WORLDWIDE [email protected] • www.prematechac.com AdValue Technology 61 502-514-1100 PTX-Pentronix/Gasbarre Products 13 [email protected] • www.advaluetech.com 800-789-8975 [email protected] • www.ptx.com Alfred University 32-33 [email protected] Quality Executive Search Inc. 61 Mohr trades ceramic machinery worldwide. www.engineering.alfred.edu 440-899-5070 When your surplus machinery is on one [email protected] • www.qualityexec.com continent and the market is half-a-world American Ceramic Society, The 10, 15, 17, 22 Richard E. Mistler Inc. 62 away, it is Mohr Corporation that will www.ceramics.org put the deal together. 800-641-1034 American Elements Back cover [email protected] • www.drblade.com Your only global source www.americanelements.com Sem-Com Co. 63 Corporate Offices: P.O. Box 1600 Brighton, MI 48116 USA Centorr/Vacuum Industries Inc. 64 419-537-8813 Tel: +1 (810) 225-9494 800-962-8631 [email protected] • www.sem-com.com Fax: +1 (810) 223-6647 Email: [email protected] [email protected] • www.centorr.com/cb Website: http://www.mohrcorp.com Sonic Mill 62 Mohr offices and associates are strategically located worldwide Delkic & Associates 62 505-839-3535 • www.sonicmill.com to give you local service anywhere in the world! 904-285-0200 Specialty Glass Inc. 63 Evans Analytical Group 9 813-855-5779 315-431-9900 [email protected] • www.sgiglass.com maintenance/repair services [email protected] • www.eaglabs.com Technical Products Inc. 62 Gasbarre Products/PTX-Pentronix 13 262-335-3635 800-789-8975 [email protected] [email protected] • www.ptx.com www.technicalproductsinc.com Geller Microanalytical Laboratory 63 Unifrax Corp. 3 978-887-7000 716-278-3800 [email protected] • www.gellermicro.com [email protected] • www.unifrax.com Glen Mills 13 U.S. Silica 11 973-777-0777 800-243-7500 • www.u-s-silica.com [email protected] • www.glenmills.com VIOX Corp. 63 Harper International Corp. 63 206-763-2170 716-684-7400 [email protected] • www.viox.com [email protected] • www.harperintl.com West Penn Testing Group 63 Harrop Industries Inc. Inside front cover, 62, 724-334-4140 614-231-3621 63 www.westpenntesting.com [email protected] • www.harropusa.com Zircar Zirconia Inc. 62 KCC Central Research Institute Inside back 845-651-3040 82-31-288-3292 cover [email protected] • www.zircarzirconia.com [email protected] Advertising Sales LECO Corp 61 Pat Janeway, Associate Publisher Fax: 269-985-5103 [email protected] [email protected] • www.leco.com ph: 614-794-5826 • fx: 614-794-5822 Europe Mohr Corp. 63 Richard Rozelaar 810-225-9494 [email protected] ph: 44-(0)-20-7834-7676 [email protected] • www.mohrcorp.com fx: 44-(0)-20-7973-0076 Netzsch Instruments NA LLC 5, 63 Classified Advertising/Services Pat Janeway 781- 272-5353 [email protected] www.ceramictechtoday.org [email protected] • www.netzsch.com ph: 614-794-5826 • fx: 614-794-5822 600 N. Cleveland Ave, Suite 210 Westerville, OH 43082

64 American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 90, No. 5