C T®DAY Southern African Development Community Vol. 1 No. 4 August 1997

cunure, a·uoldlield' tor integration

by Tinashe Madava

he recent theatre festival of SADC countries in Maputo, T Mozambique was a showcase of southern Africa's "cultural goldfield" which can enhance integration and rein­ force peace and stability. The artists and viewers at the festi­ val were exposed to diverse cultures of this region and left Maputo convinced that the region has still a lot to learn about each other's way oflife. Culture, a two­ way traffic matter, has a great potential to be the most dynamic tool in commu­ nity building in southern Africa if activi­ SADC Theatre Festival in Maputo showcases the region's "cultural goldfield". ties at the festival were anything to go by. Ordinary people and well-known art­ ists exchanged experiences, in a way in­ Alricans, African -Americans unne tegrating and enhancing community consciousness. by Munetsi Madakufamba American Summit in Harare, Zimbabwe. SADC deputy executive secretary, "What Malaysia, Singapore and Mr L B Monyake, was also touched by Indonesia have done, Africa can do too. the festival and commented: "For as long ith adequate support from the In the next decades we can compete with as the arts and culture of the region do developed world, Africa can any developing country in the world. not reflect the thoughts and feelings of W do what east Asia has done But only if we unite," said Sullivan the majority of our people, both the art in luring viable investment and ending addressing delegates who attended the poverty, Rev Leon Sullivan recently told fourth summit held in late July. continued on page 13 delegates to the African-African Rev Sullivan, convener and founder of the AAA summit, declared on arrival that the bi-annual summit was not a Mlnlsten discuss Trade PrlllCOI STOP PRESS platform for long and fruitless speeches. He reminded people that the previous SADC Ministers of Industry and Trade held for the submission of lists of sensitive prod­ summits had already generated about a special meeting in Dar es Salaam, Tanza- ucts and the ratification of the Protocol. Re­ US$500 million in investment. nia, on 18 August. · garcfing the modalities for tariff reduction, min­ "After this summit, (the investment) The meeting, which was attended by all isters agreed to adopt a Linear Reduction will be US$2 billion because these (US) member states except Angola, was chaired Approach as this was more predictable, sim­ companies ... are ready to see how they by Dr William Shija, Tanzanian Minister of ple to use and transparent as compared to can tie in and do business with joint Industries and Trade in his capacity as the other methods. On the time-frame, ministers ventures," an optimistic Sullivan said. chairman of the Committee of SADC Minis­ agreed that member states should submit lists Sullivan's confidence could not be ters of Industry and Trade. It was a follow­ of sensitive products to the SADC Industry doubted given the presence at the up to the 11th Ordinary meeting of SADC and Trade Coordinating Unit by October summit of chief executive officers and Industry and Trade Ministers held in Port 1997 at the latest. Ministers also agreed on chairpersons of some of America's top Louis, Mauritius, on 5 June. the preparation of the position of the south­ companies which exhibited at the fourth During the Dar es Salaam meeting, min­ ern African region on the future ACP/EU re­ summit's historic Trade and Investment isters addressed three major issues out­ lations as a contribution to the definition of an Exposition which ran parallel to some 10 standing from the Mauritius meeting, namely, overall ACP position on the subject. modalities for tariff reduction, the time-frame continued on page 4 INSIDE

0 SADC Programme of Action SADCT@DAY review and rationalisation 3 Southern African Development Community Vol. I No. 4, August 1997 0 Move to speed up ratification of SADC TODAY is produced by the trade protocol 4 Southern African Research and Docu­ mentation Centre (SARDC) six times a 0 Gender: PAWO on peace year on behalf of the SADC Secretariat 7 in Gaborone, Botswana. Its contents do not necessarily reflect the official posi­ 0 Exclusive interview with Dr tions and opinions of the SADC Secre­ tariat or SARDC. Materials from this Kaire Mbuende 8 newsletter may be reproduced freely by Theatre Festival 1 the media and others with attribution to 0 Guest column: SADC SADC TODAY. Parliamentary Forum 10 © SADC, SARDC, 1997 0 News from around the region 11 Editorial Committee Maxwell Chivasa, Munetsi Madakufamba, Patience Zonge, Tinashe Madava, Caiphas 0 Community Building: Sports Chimhete, Phyllis Johnson and Culture 13

Editorial Advisor 0 Overview of inland fisheries, K.G. Moesi SADC Information Officer forestry and wildlife 14

Design/Production 0 Book Review, recent publications M. Chivasa/M. Madakufamba Water 5 and acquisitions 15 Layout/DTP Anderson S. Mwale 0 SADC Diary 16

Origination/printing Crystal Graphics and Print Holdings, Harare Ministers adopt documents Contributions are welcome from indi­ viduals and organisations within the on peace initiatives SADC region in the form of articles, news items, and comments, and also from out­ The ministerial committee of the SADC organ on side the region. The publishers reserve politics, defence, peace and security adopted in the right to select or reject items and edit mid August in Harare a set of recommendations for for space available. consideration by heads of state and government at the Summit in Malawi. SADC and SARDC would like to thank Solar 6 CIDA for sponsoring publication of five The framework adopted outlines institutional issues of SADC Today. guidelines of the organ which replaces the Frontline States. The three documents adopted outline: Correspondence, letters-to-the-editor and structures and operations of the organ; rules and other materials should be addressed to: procedures of the organ; and the organ's protocol on politics which provides the basis for the organ's SADCTODAY work in conflict prevention , management and Southern African Research and resolution. Documentation Centre (SARli>CI "We discussed and adopted the three 13 Bath Road, Belgravia, documents which we are now going to present to P.O. Box 5690, the heads of state and government for their Harare, Zimbabwe consideration and adoption as necessary," Zimbabwe's Minister of Foreign Affairs told the Tel: 263.4. 738 694/5/6 Herald. Seventeen foreign affairs, defence and Fax: 263.4. 738 693 security ministers from all SADC member states Email: [email protected] Profiles 12 attended the one-day meeting.

2 SADC TODAY, August 1997 POLICY REVIEW SADC framework/strategy

Population (including Social Welfare); SADC reviews its policy strategy Tourism; Culture; and Mining.

A team ofconsultants including Profes­ a strictly functional to an integration OptionTuo: sor C. Chipeta (Malawi), CSIR (South approach will affect the alignment of Create Clusters Africa) and Imani Development (Pvt) sectoral responsibilities. For the present The core of any changes to the SADC Ltd (Zimbabwe) were commissioned by let us set aside the institutional issue of structure requires the acceptance that SADC to examine its Programme ofAc­ a member state gaining "owner hip" the current SCU/Commission structure tion and framework for integration. The through chairing a ector and ho ting a is not the most effective way of promot­ following are excerpts of recommenda­ SCU ... ing a regional integration strategy. tions in the main report submitted early The future role of ectors and the in­ The areas of co-operation which this year. stitutions that erve them mu t be one form the basis for SADC's economic in­ of co-ordination and networking towards tegration cut across the current sectoral Option One: the objective of regional integration as alignment within SADC. This challenges Rationalisation of the status quo laid down by the Treaty. This removes the current structure of SCUs with a few the onus of generating and "implement­ Comrni sions, Sectoral Committees of he advantage of the current allo ing" increasing numbers of projects - Officials, and a small administrative/co­ cation of ectoral re pon ibility is other stakeholders will do the job. ordinating secretariat. This ends itself Tthat it has evolved over a number As the macro-economics of the re­ to a single sector, project specific ap­ of years and is the result of a process of gion have changed from command to lib­ proach, rather than a multi-disciplinary negotiation that has ensured that each eralised, so the role of the sectors must project or development programme ap­ member feels "ownership" of the change - they cannot command at the proach. Fundamental to any change is sector(s) they are responsible for. This regional level. the assumption that regional integration feeling of "ownership" is reinforced by If this is accepted, then the possibil­ is a process and not a project. The proc­ the fact that each member state is re­ ity of redefining sectors and merging ess therefore needs to be driven by an quired to establish and maintain a Sec­ functions exist. Other stakeholders in- institutional structure that can operate tor Coordinating terests and at the strategic level and facilitate/co­ Unit for the sector it sub-sectoral ordinate the implementation or opera­ " The future role ofsectors and the tional level. is responsible for at institutions that serve them must be issues can be its own expense tackled at the It would be impractical and ill-ad­ one of coordination and networking vised for the process of integration to (except for the two towards the objective ofregional sub-commit­ SADC Commis­ tee or working seek to create institutions for everything. integration as laid down by the The approach to be adopted should be sions). Government Treaty. " group level organs dealing with rather than to create structures only for those ac­ sectors that are not create yet an­ tivities that are best done at the regional their own government's responsibility other sector to overburden an already level; the rest and most of the activities work on SADC issues through the ap­ strained system. for regional interaction should be left to propriate SCUs in other member states. Ifthis option is pursued, then the logi­ national institutions ... This structure ensures the commitment cal route of one sector per member state There are four main recommenda­ of the various member states to the wider should be adopted. New sectors could tions for the development of a new insti­ SADC Programme through collective only be created if a new member joins, or tutional framework. self-reliance, this in turn results in mu­ preferably if a sector completes its ob­ As part of the process of change in tual trust and confidence. jectives and new priorities emerge. This management, there should be a clear defi­ However, the disadvantages of the latter point need to be given serious nition of the role of the different SADC current sectoral allocation are that: in consideration because the current struc­ institutions. This will avoid duplication some cases the sectoral responsibilities ture is static. It does not inherently en­ and maximise efficiency. SADC should are very fragmented - most obviously courage sectors to be dynamic and to move progressively into policy formula­ this is the case with agriculture. Some of have a finite life. tion and implementation thereof. the sectors were allocated for "political" Using thi rule, it is suggested that A National SADC Committee involv­ reasons, not because of an assessment the following sectors be adopted by ing all key stakeholders should be es­ of the comparative advantages of the SADC if Option One is chosen: Agri­ tablished in each member state. This member in the sector it was allocated. culture (including: Inland and Marine would create a strong linkage between Some sectors include all encompassing Fisheries, Forestry, Agricultural Re­ regional and national initiatives. responsibilities e.g. environment and search, Livestock Production and Land The SADC structure should be land management. Management); Transport, Communica­ streamlined by moving to a cross­ It is important, but difficult, to sepa­ tions and Information Technology; In­ sectoral approach incorporating institu­ rate the "sectoral" issues from the "in­ dustry and Trade; Finance and Invest­ tions that can adequately and efficiently stitutional" and even "policy" issues. A ment; Human Resources Development address such an approach. Technical change of the policies will naturally (including Science and Technology, resources to achieve SADC's goals cause a change in the institutions that Employment, Labour and Gender); En­ should be drawn increasingly from all administer those policies. A move from ergy; Water; Environment; Health and stakeholders within the region. 0 August 1997,SADCTODAY 3 CURRENT ISSUES trade/development Ministers activate ratification ot trade protocol

rade and industry ministers of the firmed that it 12 member states of SADC at the would give T 11th committee meeting in June an impetus to 1997, in Mauritius agreed to accelerate the process procedures to ratify the Trade Protocol of trade liber­ signed in Maseru, Lesotho in August alisation in 1996. SADC coun­ The ratification of the Trade Proto­ tries as it col was high on the agenda of the com­ would trigger mittee which grouped at least 60 del­ competition egates among which 10 were trade min­ among firms ·! isters. of the region. i Mauritius was the first country to The SADC " ratify the Trade Protocol followed by countries. es- sj Tanzania. According to Dr William pecially those '"".....,..______~ ______.______! __ .LJ Shija, Tanzanian Minister of Industries which are lim­ SADC trade and industry ministers meeting in Mauritius recently and Trade and Committee Chairman, ited by the ex­ other countries might ratify the proto­ tent of their domestic markets, are ex­ faced with a series of challenges in adopt­ col by the end of this year. Hopefully pected to derive significant economic ing the WTO obligations. "There is a the quorum of two-thirds, the minimum benefits from flows of goods and serv­ need for a concerted effort from SADC required for the protocol to be in force, ices aero the frontiers. members together with the ACP group would be reached. A major concern of the SADC mem­ to safeguard our common interests," The ministerial committee recom­ ber state . he tated, was that they are said Purryag. D mended that the Trade Negotiating Fo­ rum, which is a committee of technicians loolcing into trade matters, should meet African-African American Summit unites brothers and sisters in early August 1997. It will study the final report by Imani Development (In­ continued from page I a civil rights activist, and Rodney Slater, ternational) Ltd, a firm of consultants re­ thematic workshops. Transportation Secretary. searching on tariff structures and trade Rev Sullivan. a renowned business Rev Jackson noted that by sending procedures. leader, humanitarian and champion of Slater to represent the US government, The recommendations of the Trade self-help activities, led a delegation of President Bill Clinton had sent the right Negotiating Forum were important for a about 1 000 African-Americans to the man as he was critical in conducting bi­ special ministerial meeting held in August. summit which was also attended by more lateral talks "on the nuts and bolts of During this meeting, ministers discussed than 4 000 African business and politi­ how to help rebuild infrastructure". Af­ the strategy to be adopted in view of ne­ cal leaders. ter years of railroad and port destruc­ gotiations for the renewal of the Lome IV The bi-annual summit was officially tion in the southern African region dur­ Convention which expires in February opened by President Robert Mugabe ing the apartheid era, rebuilding such in­ 2000. They also examined the presenta­ who called for closer US-African ties. frastructure was a matter of great sub­ tion of a common stand by SADC for the Africa and the US "need to engage stance in expanding trade opportunities WTO Ministerial Conference to be held each other economically more than has across the seas. in Geneva in October 1997. been the case in the past," said Presi­ Slater, who spoke on behalf of the The Mauritian Minister of Economic dent Mugabe, adding that for too long, president, said US interest in Africa was Planning, International Trade and Tel­ the US has tended to regard Africa as a growing from strength to strength. He ecommunications, R. Purryag who marginal part of the world which be­ said the mighty presence of American opened the Ministerial Committee meet­ longed to Europe. "Ours has been a con­ government officials and business lead­ ing on June 5 spoke on the Lome Con­ tinent in which the US became interested ers was testimony of the "kind of part­ vention. He underlined that the prefer­ only as a stage for the cold war. We are nership we want to have with all of the ential trade regime was one of the pil­ confident, that image of the continent is peoples of the continent of Africa in the lars of the African-Caribbean-Pacific now behind us all. This old negative im­ years to come". (ACP) cooperation with the European age of Africa will only be fully erased if The summit ended with African Union (EU). The preferences in the form we continue to see many Americans heads of state and government, and of duty free and quota free access to the coming to and seeking opportunities in heads of the US delegation adopting the EU for products of ACP origin were Africa to engage fully in the many busi­ Harare Declaration, which seeks to con­ granted on a contractual and non-recip­ ness ventures that are on offer," he said. solidate previous declarations as well as rocal basis. The US Presidential delegation was broadening basic education and eradi­ On the Trade Protocol, Purryag af- co-headed by Reverend Jesse Jackson, cating poverty. D 4 SADC TODAY, August 1997 CURRENT ISSUES water Sharing international resources the solution - SADC/EU

by Maxwell Chivasa source management, focusing on tech­ The Danube is the most shared river nical aspects, administration, information in Europe with four basins: the upper and database management and negotia­ basin with Germany, Switzerland, Italy, quitable sharing of internatio?al tion techniques. Differences in human Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and resources may appear unattracuve and financial capacitie within a region Slovenia; middle basin - Poland, Ein the short run. but it i the only were unavoidable but could be resolved. Slovakia, Hungry, Ukraine, Slovenia, sustainable solution for the future. the Politically. it was al o important for Croatia, Bosnia, and FR Yugoslavia; joint meeting of Southern African De­ upper riparians of any river to be re pon­ delta area - Moldavia and Romania. velopment Communit} and European ible to con ider intere ts of the dmvn­ Giving water its economic value, Union concluded in Maseru. Le otho. tream neighbours. which in itself is a complex issue, the con­ recently. SADC and E have international ference noted: "Whoever has some wa­ The conference, which looked at the rivers shared by different countrie in ter available bas the choice between us­ management of shared river basins of the groupings. In southern Africa, the ing that water, or offering it to the high­ southern African countries and those in Zambezi river - with a total annual yield est bidder among alternative users. Europe, identified three major pillars that of 113 million gallons of water - is shared "If he decides to use the water for could facilitate cooperation among by 28 million people from Angola, Zam­ whatt:)J,ler activity one is engaged in, he nations. Three pillars for support were bia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, abstains from an income he could have the political, the technical and the legal. Malawi and to Mozambique. earned by selling this water to someone Technical cooperation will ensure The population dependent on the else in the community or downstream. mutual trust and understanding at the Zambezi river is almost half of the "This means that the user decides political and institutional levels. Legal number relying on the Rhine river which that the value of water to him is higher arrangements would permit is about 54 million yet its annual yield of than the income foregone. By not sell­ transboundary litigation ing the water he abstains from by stakeholders which an income opportunity, thus would be instrumental to the concept opportunity enforcing the principle of cost." preventing conflicts. In a joint paper on the ex­ When disasters occur, periences from Rhine, Meuse such as droughts, floods ~ and North Sea on and accidental pollution, :!E transboundary cooperation these are excellent occa- j in shared river basins, Pieter sions to improve ~ Huisman, Joost de Jong, and transboundary coopera- ~ Koos Wieriks said the qual­ tion and to mobilise inter- ~ ity of cooperation in shared national political will. Po- ~ river basins highly depends litical commitment at the Cahora Bassa dam on the Zambezi river in Mozambique depends on mutual on mutual understanding and highest government levels trust upstream trust. Related problems were important strategies should be defined. which would then easily filter down to 70 million gallons is almost half of the In a paper entitled, "A view from the users. Zambezi's yield. The Rhine passes downstream of the Incomati and Limpopo "Since disasters are opportunities for through Switzerland, Germany, France, river basins", Alvaro Carmo Vaz and invigorating international cooperation, it Luxembourg and Belgium, and to the Arnaldo Lopes Pereira, who are water is much more important to learn from Netherlands. experts in Mozambique, said there is no them than to fight over who is to blame," Other rivers shared in the SADC information in Mozambique regarding said one of the recommendations from countries are the lncomati, with its the present water uses and planned fu­ the conference which was co-chaired by source in South Africa it passes through ture development in upstream countries. the Netherlands, which occupied the EU Swaziland before spilling into the Indian Sparse information is presented in presidency in the first half of the year. Ocean in Mozambique. various types of fora. "Apparently, in Institutions, laws, agreements should The Limpopo river starts in Botswana, Zimbabwe the river has been developed build on the groundwork done at the op­ enters South Africa and Zimbabwe and nearly to its full potential and the remain­ erational level and the reverse. Interna­ then Mozambique; the Okavango: An­ ing runoff makes very little contribution tional cooperation can only be sustained gola, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Botswana; to the flow in the Limpopo river." if it is based on voluntary decisions, and the Orange: Lesotho, South Africa, Bot­ Botswana and South Africa are sepa­ if substantiated by concrete measures. swana and Namibia. rately planning new water developments It was also important to "level the In Europe, the Meuse river flows from and the construction of new storage playing field" among riparian state France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Germany, dams. D through capacity-building in water re- and to the Netherlands.

------Augustl997,SADCTODAY 5 CURRENT ISSUES environment The elephant victory: implications lor SADC

by Tinashe Madava The downlisting is an advantage to 13.8 tonnes for Namibia and 20 tonnes southern Africa's concerted efforts to for Zimbabwe, may be traded with Japan develop economies and reduce poverty. subject to the conditions established by outhem African elepha?t~ range The elephant range states are expected the Conference of Parties that require a states' victory in downlistmg the to tighten loopholes that might give tightening of the identified loopholes. SAfrican elephant from Appendix I ivory trade a bad name when this resumes It was al o agreed that all other to II at the CITES meeting in Harare after 18 months from the transfer to elephant range state can, in the next 90 signifies the dawn of a new battle against Appendix II. . days, sell their declared government poachers and corruption and need for An experimental quota for raw ivory stocks of ivory to any willing donor greater cooperation among neighbours. not exceeding 25.3 tonnes for Botswana, nation with strict provisions that it be used for non-commercial purposes. The CITES Panel of Experts was Develop solar technolon: governments urged concerned about controls over ivory stocks in Namibia, Botswana and by Tinashe Madava Programme 1996--2005" and providing Zimbabwe which need to be improved the secretariat of the commission, in as it was evident that Namibia and close co-operation with the agencies he World Solar Commission possibly Botswana still act as transit and programmes of the United Nations has called on governme~ts, routes for ivory to South Africa. and other intergovernmental organiza­ especially in developmg The experts pointed out that in T tions such as the European Union. countries to promote appropriate Japan, so far the sole importing coun~ technology for the successful under the proposals, control over retail implementation of the World Solar trade was "not adequate to differentiate Programme which was adopted the products of legally acquired ivory recently in New York. from illegal sources" and that the import Through the World Solar Pro­ of partially worked ivory or pieces of gramme and the 1996 Harare D~clara­ tusks cannot be reliably detected. tion on Solar Energy and Sustarnable Regulation of Japan's domestic ivory Development, governments committed industry relies on "self effort" on the part themselves to save the environment of the dealers. Poor controls pose a risk by using "clean energy". of a resurgence of continent-wide poach­ The programme challenges gov­ ing and illegal ivory-trafficking. ernment , international organi ations Some delegates and observers from and funding institutions, NGO , in­ SOLAR: appropriate for rural communities NGOs interviewed during the conference dustries, scientific and research insti­ warned that animal rights groups would "This pecial session, therefore, tutions to promote the development stop at nothing to ensure the ivory trade provides an excellent opportunity to ban stayed. This means that SADC must and use of solar technology. build on the momentum generated by About 2.4 billion people in the unite against poachers, sponsored or the World Solar Summit and draw at­ world have no electricity and could not, if this source of revenue is to be tention as to how sustainable energy benefit from the successful maintained. issues such as efficiency, renewables, implementation of the WSP. Chairman of the Zambezi society, and clean technologies are a key com­ Nine months after the World Solar Dick Pitman warned against the likelihood ponent of the overall developmental Summit in Harare in September last of an increase in sponsored poaching. process," said President Mugabe, cur­ year, the secretariat of the World Solar "It's well known that some overseas rent chairman of the World Solar Com­ Commission wants the recommenda­ NGOs will stop at nothing to impose their mission at the New York conference. tions of the now finalized draft docu­ agenda. We need to be aware of this and Mugabe pointed out that "the 2.4 ment, the "World Solar Programme to be extremely vigilant against further billion people without access to 1996--2005" to be implemented. attacks that will materialise from these energy services worldwide, and whose "The success of the World Solar quarters." hopes were raised by the World Solar Programme will depend in a large meas­ Delegates from Ghana, Liberia and Summit await specification and ure upon the commitment and involve­ Kenya felt that downlisting the African implementation of the programme". ment of the private and public sector elephant would attract poachers to their Reiterating that the successful use in all different countries, industrialised countries where elephant populations of Solar energy will also require countries and developing countries," are still recovering. Such concerns must adequate financial backing besides said Federico Mayor, Director General be addressed, not doing so might work human resources, Mugabe urged ofUNESCO. against the elephant range states at the developing countries to invest in solar UNESCO will "play a leading role next COP meeting in Indonesia. technologies for the adequate supply in the setting up of the World Solar If the system cannot be watertight, it of energy to the rural poor. 0 is possible trade will be forestalled. 0 6 SADCTODAY, August 1997 CURRENT ISSUES gender PAWO pledges to sensitise Alrican leaders on peace

by Barbara Lopi 20 African countries, elected Zimbabwe tive participation in the development as deputy secretary-general, Namibia as process. olitical conflicts in some African secretary for finance and Angola for ex­ However, for all these plans to be im­ countries are derailing develop ternal relations. The names of individu­ plemented, the organisation will need to Pment and worsening the plight of als to take up the positions will be de­ embark on aggressive fundraising ven­ women and children. This was observed cided at national level. tures to sustain its operations. by delegates at the eighth congress of The social and economic affairs po­ Throughout the congress, various the Pan African Women Organi ation sition was taken by the Saharawi Demo­ members lamented the poor financial (PAWO) in Harare, Zimbabwe, in late cratic Republic, while Libya will repre­ status of PAWO which is a non-profit­ July. sent PAWO at the United Nations. making organisation. This was attrib­ The congress challenged African Working under the theme, "The Ef­ uted to non-payment of membership women to shun activitie likely to cau e fects of Conflict on African Development, subscription from among PAWO's 53 conflict because it is women and chil­ from Rhetoric to Action", the congress African member states. At least 20 dren who suffer most in wars. identified political conflicts, economic African states have not paid their dues As a process toward institutionalisa­ hardships and inadequate involvement of for five to 15 years, it was revealed. tion and improving the plight of women, women in development programmes as "While this arrangement worked bet­ the SADC summit in September i ex­ critical obstacles toward improving the ter in the one-party era, it is very difficult pected to endorse a regional gender trat­ plight of women in Africa. to contain under plural politics because egy that was adopted by the Council of once that party falls Ministers early this year. out of power, the new The congress, which al o elected a government finds it new executive for the next five year , difficult to take over resolved that a conflict-free ituation was such responsibilities necessary for developing Africa. as remitting subscrip­ Outgoing secretary-general of the tion to an organisation 35-year-old organisation Ruth 'eto of like ours" commented Angola, said in an interview that PAWO one delegate. i should sensitise African beads of state ii Edwidge Mu tale, a on their responsibilities toward achiev­ ~ delegate from the Gen­ ing peace on the continent. i der in Development Neto, a sister to the late Agustino j Division in Zambia, .5 Neto, former president of Angola and ;; and a Namibian mem­ also a member of parliament for the rul­ ~'----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ber of parliament WOMEN: determined to have a conflict-free Africa ing MPLA, said PAWO bould work for Pashukeni Shoombe, peace and tolerance to attract attention The congress outlined a programme suggested that PAWO be placed under and point out intolerance as a new threat of action on political, economic, social, the women's government machinery for against world peace and stability. information and international relations continuity of the organisation's activi­ As other delegates, Neto affirmed to address the obstacles to women ad­ ties and responsibilities at national level. that although PAWO collaborated with vancement in Africa. While some delegates supported this other organisations to attain peace and On politics, regional secretariats notion, a few were sceptical. The con­ gender equality, the organisation's fust were tasked to ensure real participation gress thus resolved that the issue be de­ mission of uniting African women and of women in the national programmes cided at national level and presented to freeing the continent from conflicts bas to realise the upholding of human rights, the regional secretariat for consideration, not been accomplished. ocial justice, freedom and peace. "because some countries have no prob­ Mindful of the unaccomplished task, On the social and economic plan, re­ lem with the present operation". the incoming secretary-general, As etou gional secretariats were tasked to work Zimbabwe's Minister for National Koite of Senegal, pledged that PAWO with existing non-governmental organi­ Affairs Employment Creation and will work with the Organisation of sations, government machineries and the Cooperatives, Thenjiwe Lesabe, said al­ African Unity (OAU) and other organisa­ donor community and lobby policy though the ruling ZANU PF Women's tions to ensure African states enjoy to­ makers to prioritise the removal of all League was the focal point for PAWO .in tal peace. forms of discrimination against women. Zimbabwe, the organisation was open Koite says through education, "we Minister for Women, Children and to all women regardless of political affili­ can work towards promoting the notion the Family in Senegal, Aminata ation. Until this congress, Zimbabwe was of peace to our children who are the fu­ Mbengue Ndiaye said PAWO will need the regional secretariat for SADC. South ture guardians of the continent." to apply new ideas to get involved in Africa is the new SADC secretariat for The congress, attended by PAWO other battles such as social and economic PAW0. 0 members and representatives from over advancement of women and their effec------August 1997, SADCTODAY 7 SADC summit Exclusive interview with SADC Executive Secretarv before they could ratify the protocol. that are straight forward and will be sub­ As you know, a meeting will be held mitted to council in September. The in Tanzania on August 18 to finalise out­ other more difficult recommendations standing matters and if those matters are deserve further internal consultations finalised, it is good. among member states. On the other hand, if the matters are not finalised, we will have a crisis In 1992, SADC changed from a Con­ whereby we have a protocol which does ference to a Community. How much not live up to its promise. progress has been made in the region's Therefore, I am positive that the Dar community building endeavour? es Salaam meeting will come up with a In terms of transformation from the con­ tariff schedule which is acceptable so ference to a community, we have that member states will then ratify the achieved much and continue to make protocols. progress. Otherwise a continuation of the sta­ One area of achievement is that SADC Executive Secretary, Dr Kaire Mbuende tus quo could cause political tensions SADC ha legal status. We are in the among member states because of the process of developing various instru­ Could you give the background against imbalance of trade and lack of market ments for implementing the treaty in which this year's SADC Summit will access, a situation which is unaccept­ specific areas of cooperation such as beheld? able. the protocols that we have developed This year's summit is meeting against a and that I have already referred to. positive atmosphere of political and eco­ The Windhoek Consultative Confer­ I must say that another critical in­ nomic achievements in the region. We ence held in February this year agreed gredient of community building is the had a very good year in the sense that on the need to form a regional produc­ involvement of stakeholders such as the we have had good rains and a positive tivity forum as a way of enhancing the private sector, NGOs, labour and other growth in most SADC countries. The region's global competitiveness. How organisations. question is, of course, how do we sus­ far has this gone? At the sectoral level, we have opened tain this growth? After the Windhoek meeting in Febru­ up the structures of ector to subcom­ On the political front, the summit will ary, we convened a workshop which all mittees to allow the participation of review the regional situation including stakeholders attended. stakeholders. the holding of democratic elections in The private sector, NGOs, We hope that by next year we will several member states as well as review parastatals and government looked at complete the proces of community de­ of the recent developments in Angola this question of productivity and came velopment and thereafter we will set up and Lesotho. These are some of the de­ up with a draft declaration to be adopted its implementation. velopments that SADC will take note of. by the heads of state, and the programme We shall also review the community of action for implementation. So we are The SADC region has hosted a number building programme in SADC and con­ left with a timetable following that rec­ of important international conferences sider new protocols such as mining, ommendation and implementation of that such as the Southern Africa Economic education and training and possibly fa­ Programme of Action. Summit held in Harare towards the end cilitation of the movement of persons in of May. How the Community. Various recom­ much trade and We shall in addition review meas­ mendations were investment has ures taken towards ratificiation and im­ made by a team of been generated '~ .another critical ingredient of p le men ta ti on of existing SADC consultants ap­ by these confer­ pointed last year community building is the in­ ences? protocols, in particular the trade proto­ volvement of stakeholders such col. to look into the In terms of mar­ review and ration­ as the private sector, NGOs, la­ keting opportu­ The protocol on trade is very impor­ bour and other organisations. " tant to SADC because intra-regional alisation of the nities in the re- trade and investment are the key to re­ SADC Pro- gion as well as gional integration in southern Africa. gramme of Ac- providing the So far, two member states, Muaritius tion. How soon do framework, the and Tanzania have ratified the SADC you think SADC will implement these conferences that we have held espe­ trade protocol. Malawi, Mozambique recommendations? cially the Southern Africa Economic and Zimbabwe are at an advanced stage Those recommendations have been a Summit, which is an annual event on of ratifying the protocols. subject of the meeting (on Review and our calendar, was beneficial to SADC. Other countries like Zambia, Na­ Rationalisation of SADC Programme of International, regional and local private mibia, Swaziland and Lesotho are await­ Action) that we are attending now. It sectors benefited. ing the finalisation of tariff schedules appears that there are recommendations In addition, we have seen the flow 8 SADCTODAY, August 1997 SADC summit of investment to the region. Opportuni­ We are playing that role and we are to join SADC, but at that time Zaire ties identified at these conferences have communicating with the national task could not meet the criteria of admis­ been turned into investment projects. forces which actually constitute the nu­ sion. So, I think the benefits from these meet­ cleus of the regional business organisa­ The question of absence of democ­ ings have been positive. I think coun­ tion which will be created. racy in the then Zaire and its tries like Zimbabwe have benefited by destabilisation of a member state, in this investment from Australia which in­ There have been press reports that case, Angola, disqualified that country vested US$100 million into a mining countries such as the Democratic Re­ from any consideration for SADC mem­ project. public of Congo, Kenya and Uganda bership. But happily the situation has These are the projects that were iden­ may join SADC and that some of now changed. tified at the conference. Other countries them have actually expressed inter­ are also making follow-up, of the di cus­ est to do so. Is there such a provision sions they held with other inve tor . in the SADC Treaty for these coun­ tries to join the Community? The recent Southern Africa Economic The treaty clearly provides for new Summit made a number of commend­ members to join SADC. Of course, any able recommendations for SADC, application has to be approved by the among them formation of a regional Summit. Therefore, any country can ap­ business structure at Chief Executive ply and its application will be consid­ Level. Has SADC done anything so ered in accordance with written proce­ far to incorporate these recommen­ dures and criteria set out by SADC. dations? The criteria include the question of The formation of a regional business geographic proximity, the cost effective­ structure at chief executive level is in­ ness of cooperating with that particular deed a critical one and we are working country, the compatibility of the appli­ on it with the private sector. cant's political and economic systems President Laurent Kabila of the ORC: his country We expect to convene a meeting with with those of SADC countries, and the has long expressed interest in joining SAOC chief executives of private sector before benefits to be derived from the new the end of this year in Harare to follow­ member. What are the prospects for a merger up those recommendations. But we are Yes, the short answer is that every of SADC and COMESA? approaching this matter with caution be­ application submitted will be considered Nothing has changed, the two institu­ cause we don't want to create yet another in terms of agreed criteria and proce­ tions have agreed that they should co­ bureaucratic institution. We had business dures. exist. The two organisations are coop­ councils which were not effective. There has been no indication yet erating in the context of the African We have seen effective business from Uganda and Kenya to join SADC. Economic Community. councils like the West African Enterprise On the other hand, there has been network and we have invited that organi­ clear indication from other countries South Africa's bid for the 2004 Ol­ sation to come and share their experi­ such as Seychelles who have applied for ympics has been construed as an "Af­ ences with u at the Harare meeting. It is membership. Madagascar has also in­ rican bid" and an important one for also important to note that in as much as dicated interest and has enquired about regional tourism. How is SADC help­ we are playing a fa- the procedures of ing South Africa win this bid? cilitating role to see joining SADC. We have been saying that the South that private sector i " The fo rmation of a re­ As you know, the Africa's bid is indeed a regional and an organized at regional gional business structure Democratic Repub­ African bid. It is in our own vested in­ level, we do realise at chief executive level is lic of Congo i al­ terest to see to it that for the first time that the organisation indeed a critical one and ready a partner of in the history of Olympics, they do of private sector at we are working on it which SADC in the energy come to South Africa, Southern Africa regional level has to the private sector. " ector. It has active and Africa. be the responsibility programmes of co­ We in SADC, our member states in­ of the private sector itself. operation with SADC member states at dividually, will be there to cast their The agenda has to be private sector bilateral level uch as Zambia, Zimba­ votes on this matter. Individually, we are driven. We had sad experiences with bwe. anlibia and South Africa. lobbying for the bid to come to South the SADC Business Council and we We don't have an application from Africa. don't want to run the risk and repeat the them yet, but I know for a fact that they This is not only SADC but also Afri­ mistakes. are interested. can countries are doing the same. From Definitely, the private sector itself the point of SADC, we take the oppor­ has expressed interest to take a leading Is the interest in the Democratic Re­ tunity to make a case for Cape Town as role in the process. They have actually public of Congo a result of change of the next venue of Olympics. D invited the SADC Secretariat to play a government in that country? coordinating role during the initial The Democratic Republic of Congo, Interview conducted by Sam process. then Zaire, had long expressed interest Kaphodza, Gaborone, Botswana. ------August 1997, SADC TODAY 9 GUEST COLUMN parliament Why SADC Parliamentary Forum was established

ack of maximum use of local To Provide a forum for discussion of the existence of SADC, it is incumbent intellectuals and other resources matters of common interest to SADC on us to ensure our constituents are fa­ L in analyzing social, political and countries miliar with these basic concepts and that economic phenomena in our region for When we become aware of the people's we focus on them as critical in the op­ purposes of enabling the formulation of views, it is essential that there be a forum erations of SADC and indeed our par­ realistic and more pragmatic national de­ where these views can be articulated and liamentary grouping. velopment policies; and the need to re­ debated. The SADC Parliamentary Fo­ structure SADC economies with the rum will provide that forum. As we grow To encourage the effective implemen­ view to making them more competitive, closer to each other, we need to exchange tation of SADC policies and projects by investing in the productive sector, views regularly, systematically and in a The SADC Parliamentary Forum will mastering the skills of economic disci­ structured forum where rationality will seek to assist in encouraging the effec­ pline, and containing inflation greatly prevail. As we develop, we will be able tive implementation of SADC policies influenced the formation of the Forum. to identify a consensus, and in the proc­ and projects by keeping in close touch It has the following aims and objectives: ess we will assist SADC to become more with our constituents ... responsive and sensitive to the views and To promote the principles of human ideas of our constituents. To promote the participation ofNGOs rights and democracy in SADC and the business and intellectual com­ The reason for pursuing this first objec­ munities tive is self-evident. All of us in SADC The effective integration of SADC with are devoted to advancing and defending VIEW the wider community of each of our the principles of human rights and de­ countries is critical if its programmes and mocracy. The elected representatives of ON objectives are to be achieved. The wider the people are clearly in the best posi­ PARLIAMENT community includes specific interest tion to advocate and defend these prin­ groups represented by NGOs, for ex­ ciples in the parliaments in which they ample, women, children, the disabled, serve. It is through constant and faithful the intellectual community represented advocacy that our constituents come to Dr. M. Tjitendero, Speaker of the by our university lecturers and teachers, appreciate the various dimensions ofthis Namibian Parliament and First Chair of the trade unions, the chambers of com­ important aspect of their daily live ... the SADC Parliamentary Forum. merce and industry and many other simi­ lar associational interest groups ... To familiarise the peoples of SADC To facilitate networking with other In­ countries with the aims and objectives ter-Parliamentary Organisations To study and make recommendations ofSADC It is important that SADC as an organi­ to facilitate the more effective and ef­ This second objective is clearly very sation keep in constant touch with the ficient operation of SADC essential. We need to bring SADC closer Commonwealth Parliamentary Associa­ One of the most important tasks for any to the people. Our people, all our peo­ tion (CPA). The Forum can readily fa­ organisation is to undertake regular re­ ple, need to know, understand and popu­ cilitate that. But we also have several views and initiate constant renewals so larise the aims and objectives of SADC. other parliamentary groupings which are that it can remain relevant to the com­ For example, what is this concept of de­ supportive of our efforts here in Africa munity which it seeks to serve. The prob­ velopment, and of a development com­ in general and in southern Africa in par­ lem that we all encounter is that self as­ munity? We need to start from the be­ ticular, e.g. the Association of European sessment always has its blind spots. Ex­ ginning and systematically inculcate the Parliamentarians for Africa (AWEPA), ternal assessment, when it does not sim­ values of SADC in the hearts and minds International Parliamentary Union ply reflect the will of the organisation of our constituents. (IPU), African Parliamentary Union being assessed, often lacks a sympathetic (APU), CPA - African Region, and Par­ historical and contextual appreciation of To inform SADC of the popular view liamentarians for Global Action. the realities. That is why we are of the on issues affecting SADC countries view that a SADC Parliamentary Forum Parliamentarians are in the best position To popularise the concepts of devel­ can take a ober look at the prevailing to know the views of constituents on all opment and wider cooperation in the situation and make sensitive recommen­ matters. In particular, we are in a posi­ sub region dations that will contribute to the more tion to keep SADC informed of the This question of the popularisation of the effective and efficient operation of views of the people on all issues rang­ concepts of development and wider co­ SADC ... D ing from drought relief, trade, nutrition operation fits in neatly with objectives and education. In that way we can no. 2 & 3. The only substantial differ­ This paper was compiled and written by strengthen the links between SADC - the ence here is that we are focusing on the the SADC Parliamentary Forum, regional bureaucracy - and its peoples. questions of development and wider co­ Windhoek, Namibia, July 1997. operation. As this is the raison d'etre for

10 SADC TODAY, August 1997 AROUND THE REGION news

SADC and non-SADC institutions, del­ sised the need for the two regions to Chissano on western egates attending a three-day seminar make use of their own resources for sus­ democracies ---- have recommended the rationalisation tainable development rather than rely­ and coordination of information deliv­ ing solely on donor support to implement African nations must look \ ith ·justi­ ery systems and programmes. regional programmes. fied suspicion" at tho e who would try The seminar, which also called for har­ During the meeting in Botswana, the to impose their own brand of democ­ monisation of information flow, was two leaders agreed to sign a Memoran­ racy on them, especially during periods hosted by the SADC Secretariat recently dum of Understanding once they have of transition and change. in Gaborone, Botswana, to discuss strate­ identified areas where cooperation is President Joaquirn Chi ano. Presi­ gies for improving information flow in the needed. D dent of Mozambique, told more than 100 SADC region, and underscored the need delegates at the opening e ion of a for accurate, relevant and complete infor­ three-day International Conference of mation in the promotion of regional inte­ ACP/EU Post-Lome Democracy and Development in Zanzi­ gration and community building. It brought relations bar recently that democrati ation was a together librarians, documentalists and in­ process. Democracy in Africa was no formation people from the SADC sectors A workshop to discuss future Post-Lome less demanding than in countries of the and other non- SADC institutions. relations between African, Caribbean north, but there i no point in saying the "As custodians of SADC informa­ and Pacific countries and the European northern version i uperior. tion, your role in regional integration and Union was held in Botswana recently. The Zanzibar is ue. as it is known in community building is as crucial as it is In his opening remarks, Dr Kaire Tanzania, was not uppo ed to be dis­ apparent," said Dr Kaire Mbuende, Mbuende, SADC Executive Secretary, cussed, according to conference organ­ SADC Executive secretary on officially urged SADC members to adopt a posi­ isers who preferred to concentrate on a opening the seminar. tion on a Successor to the Lome Con­ more theoretical discussion of democ­ The seminar recognised that there is ventions. This was in anticipation of the racy and development in Africa. lack of communication among SADC in­ expiry of the Lome IV Convention in the Zanzibar obtained independence stitutions and that there is need to de­ year 2000. from Britain in 1963 and became a part velop regional information networks to Outlining the objectives of the work­ of the United Republic of Tanzania in facilitate collection and information shop, Dr Mbuende emphasized the im­ 1964. sharing needed for efficient implemen­ portance of the Lome Conventions to Following the 1995 elections, inter­ tation of the SADC Programme of SADC and ACP states in relation to the national donors led by the UNDP sus­ Action.O principles of the World Trade Organiza­ pended aid to the Isle , as Zanzibar and tion (WTO). Pemba are known. alleging human rights The workshop brought together del­ violations. Tanzanian Foreign Minister Cooperation call for egates from member states' government Jakaya Kikwete aid the union govern­ SADC,EAC--- and private sectors and engaged all ment would continue to support Zanzi­ stakeholders in dialogue over the Lome bar. Lit Extcutive Secretaries of Southern Conventions. Whatever position SADC The opposition have refused to take African Development Community finally adopts, it will collectively repre­ their seats in the House of Representa­ (SADC) and Commission for East Afri­ sent all affected parties especially in the tives, alleging rigging in the last elections. can Cooperation (EAC) have called for areas of agriculture, commerce, indus­ Author and joumali t David Martin, cooperation between the two regional try and export. of Zimbabwe and a long-time observer organizations as a way of improving Issues discussed include the promo­ of Tanzanian life, pre ented a hotly de­ their economic and other institutional tion and diversification of trade between bated paper entitled "Democracy versus structures like energy, tourism and hu­ ACP states and the European Union. Diplomacy: The Case for Dialogue in man resources. Mbuende said that while promoting eco­ Zanzibar." Kaire Mbuende of SADC and Am­ nomic, social, cultural development and In it, Martin accused we tern diplo­ bassador Francis Muthaura of the EAC cooperation, the Conventions also mu­ mats, who largely boycotted the confer­ underscored the importance of the tually consolidated ACP/EU relations. ence, of a failure to understand the "cen­ South-South cooperation, especially in The conclusion of the Uruguay turies-old divide in Zanzibar., and of achieving set goals when dealing with Round trade negotiations had a global pushing for change by "tran porting a international organisations such as the impact on the world economy, thanks to western model of democracy to another World Trade Organization and the Afri­ technological change and the liberalisa­ country without taking into account the can-Caribbean-Pacific and European tion of economic policies. recipient's realities and history."O Union and Lome negotiations. Developing nations were challenged Moreover, solidarity will strengthen to adopt new technologies to reduce SADC and EAC capacities and co-ordi­ costs of production and to economize on 'Improve information nation mechanisms in economic matters. skilled labour if their products are to be flow' ------This is however only possible if the two competitive on the world market. organizations mobilize member states to The Lome Convention allows devel­ In a move towards improving the infor­ pledge their support at international fora. oping countries asymmetrical preferen­ mation flow and exchange among Mbuende and Muthaura also empha- tial access to the European market. D

------August 1997, SADC TODAY 11 SADC profiles

The next SADC Summit will be held on Hoben Mugabe Joaaulm Chlssano September 8 in Malawi. Following is a OA U Chairman Co-Winner of Africa profile ofthe host President, and also of President of Zimbabwe Prize for Leadership for the newly appointed OAU Chairman. the Sustainable End of Included is also the recent co-winner of Hunger Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sus­ President of Mozambique tainable End of Hunger. Elected OAU Chairman in June this Profiles by Nomalanga Moyo. year, Zimbabwe' s President Robert The Hunger Project has named President Gabriel Mugabe, has been actively in­ Joaquim Alberto Chissano of Mozam­ volved in domestic and international bique, a champion for peace, reconcili­ Baklli Muluzl politics since the early 1960s. ation and reconstruction, and Joyce Host President Born on 21 February 1924 at Banda, the founder and executive direc­ President of Malawi Kutama Mission in Zvimba, Mugabe at­ tor of the National Association of Busi­ tended various schools around the region ness Women (NABW) of Malawi, as the including Kutama College. He holds de­ winners of the eleventh annual Africa grees from Fort Hare, UNISA and from Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable President Bakili Muluzi was born on 17 the University of London. In addition, End of Hunger. March 1943 in Machinga District in he has received honorary awards in rec­ The two winners were announced southern Malawi. ognition of his role in promoting the during a ceremony on 25 July in N arnibia Muluzi attended several Catholic struggle for freedom, peace and justice. under the chairmanship of President Sam Church Mission schools for his primary Between 1942 and 1955, Mugabe Nujoma, who was the winner of the 1995 and secondary education and then ob­ taught at chools around Zimbabwe be­ Africa Prize. Chissano and Banda join 18 tained a London School Certificate. fore going to Zambia and Ghana where other distinguished heads of state, grass­ He holds two Diploma in Technical he lectured at Chalimbana and St Mary's roots leaders, researchers and environ­ Education from Thirsted College in Den­ Teacher Training College re pectively. mentalists who have won the prize, in­ mark and Huddersfield College of Edu­ He entered full-time politic in 1960. cluding elson Mandela of South Africa cation in the United Kingdom. Mugabe i one of the founder mem­ and v angari Maathai of Kenya. In 1973, Muluzi became Principal of bers of the Zimbabwe African •ational The two 1997 laureates will share a the Nasawa Technical College before Union (Zanu) in 1963. Hi political a - 100.000 cash award. The prize will be entering politics as a Member of Parlia­ tivitie led to hi detention and incarcera­ pre ented on l October 1997 in New ment in 1975. He held a number of port­ tion by the colonial regime between 1964 York in conjunction with the Hunger folios in Kamuzu Banda's Malawi Con­ and 1974. In 1974, he escaped into Mo­ Project' 20th anniver ary celebration. gress Party including that of Secretary­ zambique to revatilize the armed strug­ Born on 22 October 1939 in the Gaza General. Muluzi resigned from the Con­ gle led by the Zimbabwe African Na­ province, Chi ano attended schools in gress Party Cabinet to devote himself to tional Liberation Army, the military Mozambique before going to Portugal business, while also playing an active wing ofZanu.In 1979, Mugabe headed in 1960 to continue his university stud­ part in community work. the Zanu Patriotic Front delegation to the ies. One of the original founders of the During this period, he served as the Lancaster House Conference London Mozambique Liberation Front (Frelimo) Chairman of SADC Malawi Regional which led to the first democratic elec­ in 1962, Chissano helped coordinate the Business Council, as well as various tions in 1980. He won the elections, be­ struggle against Portuguese colonial other parastatal boards. coming the first democratically elected rule. He was Prime Minister during the He became a founder member and black Prime Minister in Zimbabwe. transition to independence in 1975, and chairman of the United Democratic Since then, he has led his party to three then Foreign Minister. In 1986 he was Front in 1991 owing to his diverse back­ other landslide victories. In 1987, he elected head of the Frelimo party and the ground as an educationist, businessman, became the President and First Secretary nation's President. farmer and veteran politician. of Zanu PF, a portfolio he holds to date. As President, Chissano not only ini­ He championed the signing of a na­ Mugabe signed the crucial Unity Accord tiated constitutional and economic tional referendum that led to a multiparty with Patriotic Front Zapu in 1987, initi­ policy reforms, but also made the first democracy in 1993. ating a policy of reconciliation and re­ steps toward a resolution of the war that Muluzi was detained several times construction in Zimbabwe. had been ravaging Mozambique for over for challenging former President Apart from hosting and chairing re­ a decade. His persistence and leader hip Banda's authoritarian regime. gional and international conferences and during a long, difficult peace proce fi­ When Malawi finally went to the summits, Mugabe held the position of nally achieved a groundbreaking accord polls in 1994, Muluzi won a resounding Chairman of the Non-Aligned Move­ with the rebel organization, Renamo, in victory. On assuming power, Muluzi sus­ ment in 1986 after which he hosted the 1992. Building from the more immedi­ pended the death sentence and ordered summit in Harare. He is current Chair­ ate tasks of postwar reconstruction, the closure of some of Malawi's notori­ man of SADC Organ on Politics Defence President Chissano's government began ous prisons and detention camps which and Security which replaced the the arduous process of reviving eco­ characterized Banda's rule. Since then, Frontline States which supported the lib­ nomic activity and setting a course to­ he has led Malawi on the road to unity eration struggles for Zimbabwe, South ward the development of the country's and recovery. D Africa and Namibia. D extensive resources. D 12 SADC TODAY, August 1997 COMMUNITY BUILDING culture/sport

Mozambique managed to secure the ticket to the finals through a second Africa Cup of Nations position in group seven after beating neighbouring Malawi 2-1. ive southern African countries Namibia, played in the same tournament Angola sailed to the finals after managed to get the necessary last year in South Africa. N arnibia swept beating the highly regarded Warriors of Fpoints to secure places in next in into the finals for the first time ever Zimbabwe, who only needed a point for year's Africa Cup of Nations soccer after a 1-1 draw with Gabon. Namibia them to appear for the first time in the finals in Burkina Faso where sixteen took a second position, with Cameroon continental tournament. African nations are expected to take part, being the leaders in Group two. The other African nations which reports Caiphas Chimhete. Namibia, barred from playing abroad proved their worth to display their skills Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, until after independence in 1990 because in the finals are Cote d'Ivoire, Algeria, South Africa and Zambia are sure of the South African-backed government Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Togo, displaying their skills in the West African was not internationally recognised, went Democratic Republic of Congo, Tunisia, country in February next year, after to the closest challengers Gabon needing Guinea, Cameroon and Burkina Faso. qualifying in their respective groups. one point to qualify. South Africa qualifi ed by the virtue of Zambia's qualification came after Track and field champions in being the current Cup holders. thrashing its fellow southerner, Malawi, South Africa All the fi ve countries, except in an effortless 3-1 win in mid-July while There was jubilation and celebrations at the Southern Region track and field championships at the giant Kingspark Culture, a 'goldfield' for SADC integration Sports Stadium in Durban, South African continued from page 1 recently, as athletes from all over the it was argued that the arts and culture region sprinted to set new records. ists and ordinary people will continue project would eventually become a re- The host nation, South Africa, got the to be marginalised in the process of shap- sponsibility of the cultural industries in highest medals of more than 20 while ing a new southern Africa". the region. Zimbabwe came second with 14 medals. Speaking at the festival in Maputo, "There was no time to review In the tightly contested men's 1 500m Monyake called for the integration of the projects and answer the fundamental race, South Africa's Felix Ebaneze came challenges of the present world in thea- question of who the stakeholders of the first in 3 minutes 50.02 seconds while tre activities. projects are and what their responses to Shingirayi Badza of Zimbabwe took the "It is particularly through theatre that these issues of funding and sustainability second position in 3 minutes 51.21 we expect to see a thorough and genu- have been," says Stephen Chifunyise, seconds. Motlatei Mphodi of Botswana ine exposition of the challenges and op- Permanent Secretary in Zimbabwe's came third in 3 minutes 52.31 seconds. portunities facing our region in its march Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Those who qualified in South Africa towards unity, peace and prosperity," and Recreation. were expected to display their skills at said Monyake. Chifunyise explains that the fast de- the world track and field championships The ordinary people in the region veloping tourism industry is now play- to be held in Athens, Greece from 1 - should define and own the process of ing a role in the promotion of a viable 10 August this year. community building, he added. access to the arts and culture of the re- The championships attracted athletes The SADC secretariat has been as- gion by both the tourists and the region's from Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, i ting member states to hold seminars population. Mozambique, amibia, Mauritius, and generate public discus ions. This has Urging the culture industry to invest Seychelles and South Africa and enhanced popular par------~ their time and re- Zimbabwe. D ticipation Ill regional ' Tlieordinary people in the ources in cultural cooperation and com- events . lom_·ake and re~ ion should define and Olm munity building pro- Chifum_·i e alled on STOP PRESS Ihe process o communi .' grammes. Empba- the private ector to sising the importance of building. ' help out and make South Africa makes history stakeholders in the im- the arts and culture The South African soccer team has quali­ plementation of SADC policie and pro­ fe ti\ al lliwinable and give the owner­ fied for the 1998 World Cup in France grammes, Monyake pointed out that the bip of the proce of regional integra­ after beating Congo-Brazzavile 1-0 in Jo­ culture and information sector should tion to the people of outhern Africa. hannesburg. South Africa becomes the fully mobilise its numerous and dynamic 1eanwhile. different cultures are first SADC country to qualify for this pres­ stakeholders to carry out the sector's coming to outhern Africa, blending tigious showpiece. Another SADC con­ programmes such as the culture and arts with local ones. according to the SADC tender, Angola, was not so lucky as they festival. Sector Coordinator on Culture and In­ needed an outright win agains!Togo and The SADC Arts and Culture Project formation, Renato Matusse. He called on hope Zimbabwe beat Cameroon in their conceived in 1993 and other projects of people in the region to ensure that the last qualifying match. However, Angola the Culture and Information Sector are culture highway is a two-way traffic, and was held to a 1-1 draw in Lome while dependent on donor funding. Yet in 1993 therefore cultures were exchangeable. D Cameroon beat Zimbabwe 2-1 in Harare.

------Augustl~97,SADCTODAY 13 SADC SECTORS natural resources An overview ol inland fisheries, lorestrv and wildlife

Below are excerpts from a report by Forestry virtue of the large forest areas which the SADC Inland Fisheries, Forestry The total forest area of the 12 SADC are directly or indirectly under the na­ and Wildlife sector, coordinated by member countries is estimated at 2.4 mil­ tional forestry administrations. At Malawi, February 1997. lion square kilometres following the ac­ present the SADC responsibility for cession into SADC by South Africa and coordinating environmental matters Inland Fisheries Mauritius. The annual rate of deforesta­ lies with the SADC ELMS ... The Inland Fisheries Sector (IFS) is tion in the member states is between 0.75 While individual public forestry of importance to many segments of the and 1.6 percent with Angola and Ma­ administrations are contributing in society. Small scale and artisanal fish­ lawi having the lowest and highest rates their own way to international conven­ eries are found throughout the region respectively. While (statistics for forestry tions to do with forestry such as and are frequently linked with small resources need) to be refined through Agenda 21 of the Earth Summit (1992) scale, subsistence agricultural activi­ detailed and nationwide vegetation map­ and the Convention to Combat ties in rural areas. The sector creates ping and forest inventory exercises, they Desertification (1994), there may be more diverse and increased employ­ nevertheless highlight the serious threat need for the SADC Forestry Sector to ment opportunities, is income gener­ looming over the region's forest re­ review this situation and agree on how ating and provides an additional high sources through deforestation, forest best public forestry administrations quality protein-rich food. Small scale degradation and desertification, with the can collaborate to contribute from a fish-farming practices or aquaculture resultant negative implications on the en­ regional point of view to these and is an important addition to traditional vironment in general and agriculture pro­ other international conventions that farming practices and provides the duction in particular. affect the forestry sector... same benefits as above. · Sizeable commercial fish- Wildlife eries are established in the The wildlife of the SADC ' ~ .. the serious threat looming over the region's for­ SADC region for example on est resources through deforestation, forest degra­ region is of notable diver­ Lake Malawi, Lake Kariba and dation and desertification, with the resultant nega­ sity, and its significance to Lake Tanganyika. Thi con­ tive implications on the environment in general and the region has been dis­ tribute to a diver e and trong agriculture production in particular. " cus ed in numerous SADC economy in the SADC coun­ Wildlife ector reports. tries. Commercial fish farming Howe er, of particular in a similar way provide employment. Related to the abo\'e i the lac · of importance to re-emphasi e is the need revenue and increased food upply in information regardmg appropriate for­ to rntegrate biological wildlife conser­ many SADC countries. e t management y terns for the vanous vation .,vith de\'elopment of the rural According to available statistics, indigenou fore t type in mo t SADC communitie who incur the bulk of the consumption of fish in the SADC member state . Thi i partly attributed conservation co t ... region has in recent years stagnated at to skewed national forest policie which For Community Based Wildlife around 8-9 kg/person/year on average. in the past gave higher priority to the es­ Management project to achieve their This is well below the recommended tablishment, management and protection objectives, there is need to strengthen minimum consumption of 13-15 kg/ of exotic softwood and hardwood forest the regional capacity to deter illicit person/year... plantations vis-a-vis the indigenous for­ use of, and trade in wildlife. The present rate of human popula­ ests ... This is particularly important be­ tion growth in the SADC region (3-4 Human resource development is not cause of the current increase in de­ percent per annum) requires a substan­ proceeding at par with the staff estab­ mand for wildlife products, and use of tial increase in fish production to meet lishment and expanding needs in almost sophisticated weapons used in killing growing demand and to decrease the all SADC member states. Vacancies at key wildlife species, such as elephant need for import of fish products. It is various levels, in public forestry admin­ and rhino. estimated that a six percent annual in­ istrations particularly at professional Development of the SADC law en­ crease in fish production is required level, do affect the efficacy of public and forcement protocol and strengthening to meet the needs ... private forestry institutions to accom­ the capacity of each member states to Direct job opportunities in capture plish their established goals. deter illegal off-take of wildlife are fisheries and aquaculture in the SADC At the same time, University level therefore, prerequisite to sustainable region are currently estimated in ex­ forestry training insitutions in SADC are wildlife utilisation in the SADC re­ cess of 200 000. Indirect opportuni­ inadequate to meet the region's high gion. ties in ancillary activities such as mar­ demand of forestry graduates ... Research on the biological and keting, boat building etc. are estimated The SADC Forestry Sector has to ecological values of wildlife is also an at 700 000. The importance of fisher­ play a more explicit and clear role in the important prerequisite for manage­ ies in terms of employment is thus current international debate on sustain­ ment and sustainable utilisation of considerable... able management of the environment by wildlife resources ... O

14 SADC TODAY, August 1997 BOOKS publications

A New Partnership For African Develop­ ance and ownership as crucial factors The report reviews the role of donors ment Issues and parameters: in the widening boundaries of the aid and NGOs following complaints that Edited by Henock Ki.fie, A. Alukoshi, relationship. their approach is selfish and self-serv­ L. Wohlgemuth The report notes that while aid is ing. Some delegates said that donors ig­ Reviewed by Nomalanga Mayo necessary for Africa's survival, it per­ nore values governing societies when petuates inequality between the West administering aid, and at times, this aid A New Partnership for African Develop­ and Africa. It suggests that as a solu­ does not coincide with the priorities of ment: Issues and Parameters, is a compi­ tion, the basis for design, implemen­ African governments. lation of presentations from a seminar held tation and evaluation of aid should be The publication thus, suggests a re­ in Cote d,lvoire to review and consolidate equality. structuring and redefinition of relations relations between Africa and the West. In addition, genuine partnership between Africa and donors to include The seminar which was attended by should rest on shared values, honesty consultation and cooperation. Sweden's personalities from the business sector, civil and transparency. Africa needs to project " Relinking Africa-for a New society activists, government officials, and wean herself from donor dependence Partnership with A Self-Reliant Africa", academics from different countries was a and strive for self-sustainability. is quoted as a welcome initiative towards discussion of the problems of and the pros­ " The construction of a new basis the achievement of better relations. To pects for the establishment of a new part­ for relations should thus strive to cre­ maintain the relations, Africa has to up­ nership between Africa and Europe, par­ ate conditions which make it possi­ date policies to suit the times. ticularly Africa and Sweden. ble to achieve self reliance. Africans Finally, the publication represents a Topics covered include: towards a new and their partners should therefore, " ... broad convergence of views on the partnership for African development-an begin to think of a no aid or a limited need for and desirability of a new set of introductory synthesis, electoral politics aid relationship, and how current re­ post-war and post-structural adjustment and popular participation-what role for do­ lations and cooperation on develop­ policies that could underpin relations nors, Africa's aid dependency and ment could be used to bring it about," between Africa and its development marginalization-what needs to be done, ca­ the report says. partners."O pacity building as a measure to lessen aid The publication also asserts that dependency, among others. mutuality and commitment are key to Published by Nordiska Afrikanstitutet, The publication urges Africa to leave the creation of partnerships where all P.O Box I703, Uppsala, Sweden. behind its colonial legacy and concentrate stakeholders benefit. on finding ways of shaping the future. The existing peaceful environment offers op­ portunities that Africa could harness to im­ prove her economic and political status. Recent publlcadons and acauisidons Also discussed is the fear that although global citizenship offers Africa hope for The Commonwealth Yearbook 1997 Service, P.O. Box A509, Harare, Zim­ survival, globalization is threatening in­ -- Commonwealth Secretariat.- 1997 babwe. ternational cooperation and solidarity, es­ Available from Hason Cooke Ltd, pecially when it comes to conflict resolu­ Jordan House, 47 Brunswick Place, Into the Future: SADC and Gender - tion and environmental sustainability. London. NI 6EB , Britain. a report of the SADC and Gender Strat­ While global trade and production have egy Workshop, January 1997 and the accelerated, Africa's position in interna­ Human Development Report 1997 Ministerial Workshop on Gender, Feb­ tional capital flows has remained periph­ --United Nations Development Pro­ ruary 1997 eral. Notwith randing this, Africa has gramme.- 1997 -- SADC Secretariat.- 1997. Available from UNDP offices in all Available from SADC Secretariat, mapped out new trategie for survival SADC countries. P. Bag 0095. Gaborone, Botswana. which need to be considered when assess­ ing future prospects of the region. We Can Make lt: Stories of disabled Still Killing: Landmines in Southern Af­ Political stability in the continent also women in de1·eloping countries rica enables Africa to establish ne\v develop­ - Ep tein Susan.-1997 -- Human Rights Watch.-1997. ment cooperation partner hip . Africa· Available from International Labour Available from Human Rights Watch, responsibility then is to transcend ··formal Organisation (ILO) CH-1211 Geneva 48 5 Fifth Avenue, New York N.Y. structures of electoral democracy towards 22. Switzerland. 10017-6104, U.S.A. the construction of a just and sustainable contract that takes full cognisance of the Social and Economic issues of HJV/ Directory ofEnvironmental Information political and economic aspirations of all AIDS in Southern Africa: A Review and Organisations in Southern Africa citizens," as one participant puts it. of Current Research Volume 1: SADC region, Botswana, Also explored is the expanding relation­ -- Rene Loewenson and Alan Mozambique, 'Zambia and Zimbabwe ship between Africa and the donor com­ Whiteside.- 1997. -Chenje, Munyaradzi ( ed). - 1996. munity. Donors have contributed in Available from Southern Africa Available from SARDC, P. 0. Box 5690, projects, structural adjustment programmes AIDS Dissemination Information Harare, Zimbabwe among other things while of late, their fo­ cus has been on democracy, good govern------August 1997, SADC TODAY 15 r

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Botswana Zambia Zambia All SADC Botswana Tanzania Malawi Malawi Malawi & Waste-water conference Zimbabwe nee on wildlife & nature-based tourism South Africa SADC Mauritius and Information Policies and Strategies Swaziland Tourism Development in the SADC Region Zimbabwe SADC Swaziland Publlc holldavs in SADC for September· November LETTERBOX Date Holiday Country Dear Editor 6 September Ganesh Chaturthi Mauritius At SADC Windhoek conference we received the first issue of 6 September Somhlolo Day Swaziland SADC Today. The Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa 7 September Victory Day Mozambique (NiZA) would like to subscribe to your publication. 17 September National Heroes' Day Angola 24 September Heritage Day South Africa Anton Dekker, NiZA Doc., The Netherlands 25 September Armed Forces Day Mozambique 30 September Botswana Day Botswana Dear Editor We find SADC Today useful in our work and would appreciate 4 October Independence Day Lesotho to receive it regularly. It does not only increase our information 24 October Independence Day Zambia base but also keeps us abreast of activities and events occur­ 30 October Diva Ii Mauritius ring in southern Africa.

1 November All Saints Day Mauritius Joseph Mutsigwa, Librarian, ZERO, Harare 2 November Martyrs Day Angola Dear Editor 11 November Independence Day Angola Kindly put us in your mailing list of SADC Today which will I enable us to keep abreast with the SADC Progress. Cunencv checklist M.W.FARUQUE, Chief Co-ordinator , Youth Approach For COUNTRY CURRENCY (US$1) Development & Co-operation(YADC) Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Angola Kwanza (100 Lewi) 200979.00 Dear Editor Botswana Pula (100 Thebe) 3.60 I run a small non-profit corporation dealing with environmen­ Lesotho Maloti (100 Lisente) 4.65 tal management and sustainable development in Africa. My Malawi Kwacha (100 Tambala) 17.00 areas of operation include environmental information systems, Mauritius Rupee (100 Cents) 21.51 strategic environmental management and the design and devel­ Mozambique Metical (100 Centavos) 11103.85 opment of successful african environmental organizations. I read Namibia Dollar (100 Cents) 4.65 in the PRODDER newsletter that you have a newsletter SADC South Africa Rand ( 100 Cents) 4.65 today. Could I please get regular copies. Swaziland Lilangeni (100 Cents) 4.65 Tanzania Shilling (100 Cents) 612.01 Dave MacDevette, EASD - Empowerment for African Sustain­ Zambia Kwacha (100 Ngwee) 1300.07 able Development, Cape Town, South Africa. Zimbabwe Dollar (100 Cents) 11.78 SADC Today welcomes letters and comments from readers. The Editor, however, reserves the right to edit the letters. Source: Standard Chartered Bank Zimbabwe Ltd, August 1997

16 SADC TODAY, August 1997