The Last Battle of World War II
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Army Operations in Manchuria (9-15 August 1945)
154 This manuscript may not be reproduced without the permission of the Office of The Chief of Military History RECORD OF OPERATIONS AGAINST SOVIET RUSSIA, EASTERN FRONT (AUGUST 1945) PREFACE I - II Table of Contents Monograph No 154-A CHAPTER I Kwantung Army Operations in Manchuria (9-15 August 1945) Preliminaries to Invasion 1 First Reports of the Soviet Invasion 3 First Estimate of the Situation 8 Change in Plan for the Western Front 10 Transfer of General Headquarters 13 Situation on 12 August 15 The War Ends 19 Cancellation of Operational Missions 23 Dissolution of the IKwantung Army 25 MAPS Following page No 1 Deployment of Japanese and Known Soviet Forces 3 9 August 1945 No 2 Progress of Operations, 2400 9 August 1945 8 No 3 Progress of Operations, 2400 10 August 1945 10 No 4 Progress of Operations, 2400 11 August 1945 15 No 5 Progress of Operations, 2400 12 August 1945 16 No 6 Progress of Operations, 2400 13 August 1945 18 No 7 Progress of Operations, 2400 14 August 1945 19 No 8 Progress of Operations, 2400 15 August 1945 19 No 9 Depth of Soviet Penetration, 15 August 1945 19 CHARTS No 1 Kwantung Army Divisions, 10 August 1945 8 No 2 Organizational Chart of General Headquarters Kwantung Army 20 Monograph No 154-B as CHAPTER II The First Area Army in Eastern Manchuria aage Military Geography of Eastern Manchuria 26 Operational Planning 30 Operational Plans 33 CHAPTER III Composition of Major Units General Structure 39 Third Army 43' Fifth Army 44 CHAPTER IV Status of Preparations Fortifications 46 Revisions in Logistical Planning -
The Pacific War Crimes Trials: the Importance of the "Small Fry" Vs. the "Big Fish"
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons History Theses & Dissertations History Summer 2012 The aP cific aW r Crimes Trials: The mpI ortance of the "Small Fry" vs. the "Big Fish" Lisa Kelly Pennington Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Pennington, Lisa K.. "The aP cific aW r Crimes Trials: The mporI tance of the "Small Fry" vs. the "Big Fish"" (2012). Master of Arts (MA), thesis, History, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/rree-9829 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_etds/11 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PACIFIC WAR CRIMES TRIALS: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE "SMALL FRY" VS. THE "BIG FISH by Lisa Kelly Pennington B.A. May 2005, Old Dominion University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HISTORY OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2012 Approved by: Maura Hametz (Director) Timothy Orr (Member) UMI Number: 1520410 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
1945-12-03 [P A-3]
Westinghouse Head Premature Outlawing f ADVERTISEMENT. <f Offers Si-Day'Week, Of A-Bomb Woman May Bring English ( Gas on Stomach To Be In fo Union Danville's Relieved in B aiaatw or Reply Disaster, Bush Warns double your money back Wkac min atomic, mid aautaa By the Associated Press. Bride pitiful, lUiiat By thr Associated Press. Eighth Uc aa. exir atomic, and kmrltmre. dMtora mill? arwrlb# tki m idiot m kmarn George H. Bucher, president of the By the Associated Press. fiatnticUnt for Dr. Vannevar Bush said today graptomittc riltif—raodtctnii irk# thou la Bill'Ml Electric NEW ROCHELLE. N. Y„ Dec. 3.— Fiblita. N. Initial Rtlf-ana brica* aaadart b Westinghouse Corp., today that premature outlawing of the Itffr or dmiblo four mow back on rttrnn of bma. o ia. 11a it ill announced in Pittsburgh a proposal atomic bomb could well be “dis- Tommy Manville, 51-year-old as- diufilMi, to increase the corporation’* work astrous.” Dr. Bush is director of bestos heir, said yesterday he would the week wherever practicable from five Office of Scientific Research take as his eighth bride Georgina and to five and one-half days, with time Development. C a m p b ell, 26, Cautioning the Senate Atomic for aescenaent ot a and half all hour* worked In Committee too Energy against prominent Kent, 4 " excess of 40. "quick answers” to the problem of QUINTUPLETSalways rdy m this gmt rab far England, family. | Mr. Bucher said these and other controlling the newly discovered Mr. Manville I company proposals have been made power source, he declared: said he met Miss I "It is to outlaw when to the United Electrical, Radio and impossible Campbell, a ^ Machine Workers of America in re- there is no effectively supported n e CUGHS'rCIlDS wspaper- law. -
The Question of Detention for International War Crimes
Texas A&M University School of Law Texas A&M Law Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 3-2000 Spandau Revisited: The Question of Detention for International War Crimes Mary Margaret Penrose Texas A&M University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Mary M. Penrose, Spandau Revisited: The Question of Detention for International War Crimes, 16 N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 553 (2000). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/191 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES Spandau Revisited: The Question of Detention for International War Crimes Mary MargaretPenrose*l When we evaluate the impact of World War II war crimes trials on reducingfuture atrocities, we must admitfailure. 2 INTRODUCTION Drazen Erdemovic. The name may be unfamiliar to many outside the former Yugoslavia. The name will surely be unknown by most people outside the international community and those committed to the universal protection of human rights through criminal prosecution. Drazen Erdemovic is a confessed killer. Drazen Erdemovic has confessed to killing somewhere between seventy and one hundred unarmed Muslims in a mass execution as a member of the Bosnian Serb army in July 1995. 3 In this regard, he is the first convicted defendant 4 to stem from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) established by the United Nations in 1993. -
The Issues of War with Japan Coverage in the Presidential Project «Fundamental Multi-Volume Work» the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 «»
Vyatcheslav Zimonin Captain (Russia NAVY) Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Military University, Honored Scientist Of The Russian Federation and Academy of Natural Sciences The issues of war with Japan coverage in the Presidential project «Fundamental multi-volume work» The Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 «» Fundamental multi-volume work «The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945» is being developed in accordance with the Decree № 240-рп of May 5, 2008 of the President of the Russian Federation. The work is developed under the organizational leadership of the main drafting committee headed by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Army General Sergey Shoigu. Major General V.A. Zolotarev, well-known Russian scientist, Doctor of Historical and Legal Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Academy of Natural Sciences, State Councilor of the Russian Federation Deputy Chairman of the GRK is appointed as scientific director of the multi-volume work. Fundamental structure of a multivolume work: Volume 1 - «The main facts of the war,» Volume 2 - «The origin and the beginning of the war» Volume 3 - «Battles and actions that changed the course of the war,» Volume 4 - «Freeing of the USSR, 1944 « Volume 5 - «The final victory. Final operations of World War II in Europe. War with Japan « Volume 6 - «The Secret War. Intelligence and counterintelligence in the Great Patriotic War « Volume 7 - «Economy and weapons of war» Volume 8 - «Foreign policy and diplomacy of the Soviet Union during the war» Volume 9 - «Allies of the USSR in the war» Volume 10 - «The power, society and war» Volume 11 - «Policy and Strategy of Victory. -
August 20, 1945 Cable from Aleksandr Vasilevsky to Stalin
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified August 20, 1945 Cable from Aleksandr Vasilevsky to Stalin Citation: “Cable from Aleksandr Vasilevsky to Stalin,” August 20, 1945, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Dmitriĭ Antonovich Volkogonov papers, 1887-1995, mm97083838, Reel 5, containers 7 through 9. Also published in V.P. Galitskii, V.P. Zimonin, “Desant na Khokkaido Otmenit’,” Voenno-Istoricheskii Zhurnal, No. 3 (1994), pp. 7-8. Translated by Sergey Radchenko. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/122336 Summary: Vasilevsky reports on the progress of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and the surrender of Japanese forces. Original Language: Russian Contents: English Translation Scan of Original Document Moscow. Cde. Stalin Copy: General Staff Cde. Antonov Reporting on the situation on the Far Eastern front at the end of 19.8.45. 1. On 19.8.45 on all fronts in Manchuria the resistance of the Japanese forces ceased and our forces began planned disarmament of the forces of the enemy. During the day of 19.8.45 about 65 thousand Japanese-Manchurian forces were disarmed. 2. During the day the forces of the Transbaikal Front deployed air troops with responsible representatives of the command of the Front to Changchun and Mukden [Shenyang], 250-300 people in each city. Our forces in the aforesaid cities were met with warm welcome on the part of the Japanese command and representatives of the Japanese authorities. All demands of our representatives are being fully implemented. During the night of 20.8.45 these cities are being approached by our forward mobile detachments. -
The International Military Tribunals: an Overview and Assessment
Ouachita Baptist University Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita Honors Theses Carl Goodson Honors Program 2001 The International Military Tribunals: An Overview and Assessment Joshua Daniel Franklin Ouachita Baptist University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Franklin, Joshua Daniel, "The International Military Tribunals: An Overview and Assessment" (2001). Honors Theses. 108. https://scholarlycommons.obu.edu/honors_theses/108 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Carl Goodson Honors Program at Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Contents Background 2 Prosecuted German Atrocities 4 Prosecuted Japanese Atrocities 5 Development of the Trial Plan . 7 The International Conference on \1ilitary Trials 10 The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg 13 The Court and Defendants . 14 Proceedings 16 Judgment . 20 The International Military Tribunal for the Far East 21 The Court and Defendants . 24 Proceedings 28 Judgment 30 Assessment 31 Comparing the International Military Tribunals 32 Similarities 33 Differences . 35 Post-Trial Variances 40 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 45 As World \Var II drew to a close in Europe, the victorious Allies faced the question of v,:hat to do with the political and military leaders of defeated Germany. The war had been like none other; they needed a drastically new approach to the final treatment of those in charge of the Axis powers. \t\Thile war crimes could be punished under the Geneva and Hague Conventions, no international agreements assigned personal responsibility to those who ordered the crimes. -
An Adventure in Cooperation: the Church of Christ in China and Church-State Relations in Nationalist China
An Adventure In Cooperation: The Church of Christ in China and Church-State Relations in Nationalist China By Yan Xiong B.A. in News Interviewing, July 1995, Communication University of China M.A. in Political Communication, May 2005, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 31, 2011 Dissertation directed by Edward McCord Associate Professor of History and International Affairs The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Yan Xiong has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of July 27, 2011. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Yan Xiong An Adventure In Cooperation: The Church of Christ in China and Church-State Relations in Nationalist China Dissertation Research Committee: Edward A. McCord, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Dissertation Director Shawn F. McHale, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Committee Member Gregg A. Brazinsky, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2011 by Yan Xiong All rights reserved iii To my parents iv Acknowledgments It is a great pleasure to acknowledge some of the colleagues and friends who have contributed to this dissertation. I am thankful to all the institutions and individuals for their support and assistance during the process of writing the dissertation. The George Washington University provided me with generous fellowships during my Ph.D. study and research. -
Chapter Iv Operational and Tactical Surprise
CHAPTER IV OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL SURPRISE The Soviets Prepare Having looked at the Soviet decision to declare war on Japan and invade Manchuria, and having examined the Soviet's efforts at strategic surprise, we can now probe more deeply into events at the operational and tactical levels. To the Soviets, strategy is the most important as pect of military art and serves to guide the levels of operational art and tactics. Because of its predominant position in military art, surprise at the strategic level may impact on other levels of activity. We will find this particularly true in the case of the Manchurian campaign, where strategic planning accomplished at the General Staff level corresponded closely with planning at the operational level. Following the Japanese occupation of most of Manchuria in 1931, the Soviets gradually lost full control of the trans-Manchurian Chinese Far Eastern Railroad con necting the Transbaikal area with the Soviet Maritime region. ijaving lost this control, the Soviets no longer had any real possibility of conducting large-scale military operations in 85 86 Manchuria, and this may have contributed to their decision to sell their interests in the railroad by the mid-1930's. Once the railway was fully in Japanese hands, Kwantung Army Forces began to use it to exert military pressure on both the Transbaikal and the Ussuri areas. The question of which of these areas should be given predominant attention, which was the best area for offensive or defensive activi ties, became a factor each side had to consider. At dif ferent times, they both faced the problem from the offensive and the defensive points of view. -
Rising the Enemy. Stalin, Truman and Surrender of Japan. T. Hasegawa .Pdf
RACING THE ENEMY RACING THE ENEMY stalin, truman, and the surrender of japan tsuyoshi hasegawa the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts • London, England 2005 Copyright © 2005 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi, 1941– Racing the enemy : Stalin, Truman, and the surrender of Japan / Tsuyoshi Hasegawa. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-674-01693-9 (alk. paper) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Armistices. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Japan. 3. World War, 1939–1945—Soviet Union. 4. World War, 1939–1945— United States. 5. World politics—1933–1945. I. Title. D813.J3H37 2005 940.53′2452—dc22 2004059786 In memory of Boris Nikolaevich Slavinsky, my friend and colleague, who did not see the fruit of our collaboration Contents Maps viii Note on Transliteration and Spelling ix Introduction: Race to the Finish 1 1. Triangular Relations and the Pacific War 7 2. Stalin, Truman, and Hirohito Face New Challenges 45 3. Decisions for War and Peace 89 4. Potsdam: The Turning Point 130 5. The Atomic Bombs and Soviet Entry into the War 177 6. Japan Accepts Unconditional Surrender 215 7. August Storm: The Soviet-Japanese War and the United States 252 Conclusion: Assessing the Roads Not Taken 290 Abbreviations 307 Notes 309 Acknowledgments 363 Index 367 Illustrations follow pages 132 and 204 Maps 1 Japan at War, 1945 9 2 August Storm 196 3 Central Tokyo 246 4 Soviets’ Kuril Operation 257 5 Battle of Shimushu 261 Note on Transliteration and Spelling For Russian words, I have used the Library of Congress translitera- tion system except for well-known terms such as Yalta and Mikoyan when they appear in the text; in the citations, I retain Ialtinskaia konferentsiia and Mikoian. -
Soviet Vehicle Guide Page 3
- ,.rF Workshop Contents The Soviet Army.......................................................................... 2 Order of Battle.............................................................................. 2 Strategic Reserve ..................................................................... 2 Western TVD ............................................................................ 2 Northwestern TVD ................................................................... 3 Southwestern TVD .................................................................. 3 Southern TVD ........................................................................... 3 Far Eastern TVD ....................................................................... 3 Pacific TVD ................................................................................ 4 Unit History and Current Status ............................................... 4 Tank Divisions ........................................................................... 4 Motorized Rifle Divisions ........................................................ 7 Airborne Units.........................................................................19 Color Plates ................................................................................21 Separate Regiments and Brigades .......................................29 Organization.................................................................................31 Authorized Levels of Weapons and Vehicles....................31 Motorized Rifle Battalion (BTR)............................................31 -
The Battle of Shanghai (January–March 1932): a Study in the Space-Time of War Christian Henriot
The Battle of Shanghai (January–March 1932): A Study in the Space-time of War Christian Henriot To cite this version: Christian Henriot. The Battle of Shanghai (January–March 1932): A Study in the Space-time of War. Journal of Military History, Society for Military History, 2021, 85 (1), pp.76-94. halshs-03253428 HAL Id: halshs-03253428 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03253428 Submitted on 16 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Battle of Shanghai (January-March 1932) A study in the space-time of war Christian Henriot Aix-Marseille Université, IrAsia The Battle of Shanghai in 1932 lasted five weeks and left 8,300 soldiers killed and 11,700 wounded in combat, tens of thousands of civilian casualties, and hundreds of thousands of displaced refugees in the fighting area. The most vibrant urban district of the Chinese municipality — Zhabei — was left in ruins, with about one third of its housing gone, while the main towns and scores of villages in the north of the city were badly damaged or scorched to the ground. The short-lived conflict went down in history almost as a mere incident — this is how the Japanese authorities chose to label it shijian/shikan) to tone down the grim reality of what actually was a full war.