ICELAND Cfsjoh!Tfb GREENLAND J!opujdf/!/!/ U.S.A. J!opujdf/!/!/

Tlingit Country CANADA

Trail of Lewis and Clarke 1804–1806

Maine 1820 Ottawa Vermont 1791 New Hampshire 1788 Massachusetts 1788 Rhode Island 1790 Louisiana Connecticut 1788 Purchase New York 1788 Washington D.C. New Jersey 1787 1803 Pennsylvania 1787 Delaware 1787 U.S.A. Maryland 1788 Ohio 1803 Virginia 1788 Kentucky 1792 North Carolina 1788 Tennessee 1796 Georgia 1788

MEXICO

BAHAMAS

CUBA DOM. REP. Psjhjobm!Tubuft! St. Thomas New Spain Mexico City Mpvjtjbob!Qvsdibtf Puerto Rico St. Croix HAITI JAMAICA (U.S.)

Ofx!Tqbjo BELIZE

GUATEMALA HONDURAS Usbjm!pg! Netherlands Antilles (NETH.) NICARAGUA Mfxjt!boe!Dmbslf EL SALVADOR

Umjohju!Dpvousz

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

Volopxo His Excellency Señor Doctor Don Pedro Moya de Contreras, 19th century Oil on canvas, 47 x 40 in. (119.4 x 101.6 cm) Gift of Mrs. Otis Wheeler Pollock 44969 J!xpoefs/!/!/

Colonial Object Information Sheet 5th Grade 1 Ijt!Fydfmmfodz!Tf—ps! Epdups!Epo!Qfesp! NEW SPAIN History connection Npzb!ef!Dpousfsbt The writing at the bottom of this painting states that Señor Moya became the wjtjubeps, wjdfspz, and bsdicjtipq of New Spain on August 18, wjtjubeps; head wjdfspz; the 1570. As archbishop and visitador, Señor Moya was the head of the Catholic of the Catholic top government Church in New official in the Your Historic Compass: Church in the areas we now know as Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico, Cuba, Spain Spanish colonies “His Excellency arrives in and Florida. Señor Moya had three main responsibilities. First, he helped the church to grow by sending priests to convert the native people of bsdicjtipq; an official in the Catholic Mexico City to oversee the Mexico. Second, he ensured that the church made money from the mines Church who oversees a specific area development of the Spanish and farms in the areas under his control. Third, he oversaw all the people such as San Francisco or Boston colonies.” who worked for the Catholic Church. If a priest was not doing a good job, Señor Moya could fire the priest without asking the church officials in Rome. When: Communication between the colonies and Spain was very slow. Sending About sixty years after Cortés a letter to Europe could take two to four months. By giving Señor Moya invaded Mexico in 1519* the authority to make important decisions, church officials maintained their power in the colonies. As viceroy, Señor Moya worked Where: need hi res scan Mexico for the Spanish government. The viceroy oversaw tax collection and EY building construction in the Spanish L Who: E K R His Excellency Señor Doctor colonies. He also made sure that E IA, B N

public order was maintained. In R FO

Don Pedro Moya de Contreras— I L

addition, it was Señor Moya’s A

or Mr. Moya—a powerful responsibility to protect Spanish F C ITY O S official in the Catholic Church settlements from invasion by other R IVE N

European countries. Only two other U ,

and Spanish government Y men, besides Señor Moya, held Looking closely RAR His Excellency Señor Doctor Don Pedro Moya de all three positions of archbishop, B

What: FT LI O R Portrait painting—documents Contreras is dressed to impress. His clothes and the visitador, and viceroy at the same C

dsftu; a symbol dsftu in the upper right corner of the painting tell us time. Known as a fair leader, E BAN H T

how people look or how they that indicates he is a high-ranking official in the Catholic Church. Señor Moya fought to outlaw slavery F Y O

someone’s S want to appear The jeweled cross under his black cape also shows of the native people of Mexico.

lineage or rank RTE U

he is an important church official. His four ornate O C * This portrait, painted in the 1800s, is an rings are symbols of his wealth and About the artist When Mr. Moya arrived in Mexico City he may exact replica of the original portrait painted political power. The table and book This portrait was painted in the 1800s. It is an exact copy of the original have seen a town much like the one you see at the end of the 1500s. For educational here. Mexico City was built in the middle of purposes the text focuses on the time to the left of Señor Moya suggest portrait painted at the end of the 1500s. The artist who painted the original Lake Texcoco on the ruins of the Aztec city period in which the original painting was he might be in an office or library. portrait probably painted it just before or very soon after Señor Doctor Tenochtitlan. This engraving was printed as commissioned. The book is a sign that he is Don Pedro Moya de Contreras arrived in Mexico. Many European artists an illustration of what Mexico City looked like shortly after the conquest by Spain. The well educated. Do you think were living in Mexico City at the end of the 1500s. As the colony grew, engraving was included in The History of the Señor Moya looks friendly, or the Catholic Church built large cathedrals that needed both painted and Conquest of Mexico, first published in 1703. Antonio de Solis, who wrote this book, was an joujnjebujoh; joujnjebujoh? sculpted decorations. European artists opened their own studios and official Spanish court historian. He used many frightening trained local students. Possibly one of these artists painted this portrait. original documents when writing his book.

C R E S T DE TA IL ICELAND Cfsjoh!Tfb

GREENLAND

U.S.A. J!opujdf/!/!/

Tlingit Country CANADA

Trail of Lewis and Clarke 1804–1806

Maine 1820 Ottawa Vermont 1791 New Hampshire 1788 Massachusetts 1788 Rhode Island 1790 Louisiana Connecticut 1788 Purchase New York 1788 Washington D.C. New Jersey 1787 1803 Pennsylvania 1787 Delaware 1787 U.S.A. Maryland 1788 Ohio 1803 Virginia 1788 Kentucky 1792 North Carolina 1788 Tennessee 1796 Georgia 1788

MEXICO

BAHAMAS

CUBA DOM. REP. Psjhjobm!Tubuft! St. Thomas New Spain Mexico City Mpvjtjbob!Qvsdibtf Puerto Rico St. Croix HAITI JAMAICA (U.S.)

Ofx!Tqbjo BELIZE

GUATEMALA HONDURAS Usbjm!pg! Netherlands Antilles (NETH.) NICARAGUA Mfxjt!boe!Dmbslf EL SALVADOR

Umjohju!Dpvousz

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

J!xpoefs/!/!/

Uif!Gsfblf.Hjcct!Qbjoufs David, Joanna, and Abigail Mason, 1670 Oil on canvas, 39½ x 42¾ in. (100.3 x 108.6 cm) Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller 3rd 1979.7.3

Colonial Object Information Sheet 5th Grade 2 walking sticks represented a man’s gentlemanly status. Ebwje-!Kpboob-!boe! By holding these items, it is suggested that David will COLONIAL AMERICA one day hold a position of wealth and prestige. The fan Bcjhbjm!Nbtpo Joanna holds is a sign that she will one day be a woman of privilege. The rose in Abigail’s hand is a symbol of Your Historic Compass: joopdfodf and goodness. The two sisters also wear red joopdfodf; the coral necklaces. Three hundred years ago, parents thought state of being free from guilt, IL “Portrait of Mason Children coral could keep their children from getting sick. Without TA DE evil, or moral E modern medicines, it was even more important to stay healthy. LAC celebrates family’s health and NECK wrongdoing; good fortune.” lacking worldly History connection experience When: Portraits can show us more than just how someone looked. Portraits 1670, forty years after also tell us what it was like to live in a different time and place. We know the Mason children grew up in Boston. Boston was first known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony. John Winthrop and a group of 700 people founded started the colony in 1630. When this painting was made, the colony was only forty years old. Where: Boston was started as a strict Qvsjubo community. Puritans did not Qvsjubo; a branch of the Protestant Boston think of childhood as we do today; they thought children were naturally wild Church active during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Puritans believed that and wicked. Education and hard work were thought to be the only ways Who: people were naturally sinful and that to save the young. Children spent their time either at school learning to God controlled all aspects of life. They David, Joanna, and Abigail— read and write or at home doing chores. There was very little time for play devoted much time to reading and or recreation. As early as age seven or eight, children began to have adult interpreting the Bible in search of God’s children of the town baker will. While Puritans dedicated their lives Looking closely responsibilities. As “adults in training,” Puritan children began to copy their to religious studies, they believed that a What: Meet the Mason children. David, age eight, appears to the parents. They even wore similar clothes. Notice the outfit David wears; it is person’s fate was chosen before birth. Portrait painting—documents left and Joanna, age six, stands in the middle. Abigail, who probably very similar to what his father wore. how people look or how they is only four years old, appears at the far right. We know the Puritans claimed to disapprove of showing off their wealth, yet the ages of the children because the numbers are written in Mason children stand in a room decorated with costly green fabric, and they want to appear gold paint just to the left of their heads. Can you find any wear very expensive clothes. These details show that life in the colonies other writing on the canvas? In between David and Joanna was changing. By 1670, Boston had become a busy appears the phrase “Anno Dom 1670.” These Latin words shipping port. The wealthy were happy to enjoy the new mean “in the year of our lord.” This tells us two significant luxury goods that arrived from all corners of the world. facts. First, religion was very important during the time The slashed sleeves worn by the Mason children were when this picture was made. The date 1670 tells us one such luxury. Cut to show the white fabric beneath, this portrait was painted around 335 years ago. these sleeves were worn by only the very wealthy. This

The Mason children’s clothes are unlike portrait of the Mason children shows us that Boston was S IVE H C

what you and your friends wear today. How no longer a strict Puritan village. It was a growing town R A E would it feel to wear David’s collar? Would it with a class system that divided the rich from the poor. R TU C be hard to run in Joanna’s and Abigail’s long I D P N skirts? Notice the delicate lace and red bows About the artist I D A

T RTH W E decorating their clothing. These details show us We do not know who painted this portrait, because the O

D N E TA IL that the Mason children’s clothes are expensive. painting is not signed. It looks similar to seven other This illustration shows what Boston may have Today, we dress up to be photographed. In 1670, pictures made about the same time that represent members of the Freake looked like when the Mason children were there were no cameras. The Mason children dressed up so and Gibbs families. The figures in these paintings appear flat and stiff, and growing up. Notice the shop signs and the ships along the docks. Mr. Mason probably made most an artist could paint their picture. they are all shown wearing very detailed clothing. Art historians think that of his money selling bread to the hundreds of Each detail in this painting tells us about the Mason one person might have painted all eight pictures. They named this mystery ships that sailed into Boston harbor. children. Notice David’s leather gloves and his walking stick artist the “Freake-Gibbs Painter.” Maybe someday you will solve the mystery with the silver top. During the colonial period, gloves and of this artist’s identity! ICELAND Cfsjoh!Tfb

GREENLAND

U.S.A. J!opujdf/!/!/

Tlingit Country CANADA

Trail of Lewis and Clarke 1804–1806

Maine 1820 Ottawa Vermont 1791 New Hampshire 1788 Massachusetts 1788 Rhode Island 1790 Louisiana Connecticut 1788 Purchase New York 1788 Washington D.C. New Jersey 1787 1803 Pennsylvania 1787 Delaware 1787 U.S.A. Maryland 1788 Ohio 1803 Virginia 1788 Kentucky 1792 North Carolina 1788 Tennessee 1796 Georgia 1788

MEXICO

BAHAMAS

CUBA DOM. REP. Psjhjobm!Tubuft! St. Thomas New Spain Mexico City Mpvjtjbob!Qvsdibtf Puerto Rico St. Croix HAITI JAMAICA (U.S.)

Ofx!Tqbjo BELIZE

GUATEMALA HONDURAS Usbjm!pg! Netherlands Antilles (NETH.) NICARAGUA Mfxjt!boe!Dmbslf EL SALVADOR

Umjohju!Dpvousz

COSTA RICA

PANAMA

J!xpoefs/!/!/

Fexbse!Ijdlt!)2891Ñ295:* The Peaceable Kingdom, 1846 Oil on canvas, 25 x 28½ in. (63.5 x 72.4 cm) Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John D. Rockefeller 3rd 1993.35.14

Colonial Object Information Sheet 5th Grade 3 Uif!Qfbdfbcmf! Ljohepn COLONIAL AMERICA History connection Your Historic Compass: In this painting the artist jmmvtusbuft two different stories. The first is a jmmvtusbuf; to story from the Bible. In this story all of the animals in the world live together explain through “Edward Hicks uses his the use of happily and are led by a small child. The Quakers thought this biblical story pictures paintings to educate his told of both the wild and civilized qualities of man. They also believed that viewers.” man could balance these two forces by studying the Bible. The second story takes place in the background of the painting. In When: 1681, the King of England gave William Penn the rights to land in the 1846, 165 years after William New World. Unlike most colonists, Penn did not simply take the land the Penn founded Philadelphia king gave him. He thought it was important to pay those already living on the land. Upon his arrival, Penn paid the Lenni Lenape people with Where: bolts of fabric and jewels. The land Penn settled became the colony of Philadelphia Pennsylvania. By treating the D

native people with respect, Penn AR W O Who: hoped to establish peace. In the H E

William Penn, the Quakers, Quaker religion, peace was one R TH D FO

of the primary goals. Hicks’s N U

and the Lenni Lenape people F

L

painting shows us the founding of IA R O

What: Pennsylvania from a Quaker point of M E

view. Do you think Native Americans N M O

History painting—a painting S N

from the 1600s would have seen a VE A E

that shows an historical event . Looking closely different story? N D

How many different types of animals do you see in this AR W O painting? Make a list of all the animals that are sitting H About the artist G, R U

next to each other. How do these animals normally The artist, Edward Hicks, did not see B S ITT act in their natural surroundings? The artist, Edward William Penn land in the New World. S N O TI

Hicks, has paired the weaker animals with their natural In fact, he painted this picture 165 C TITUTE, P E S LL N I O

predators. Notice that the wolf in the lower right-hand years after Penn started his colony. E I G E ANA C corner is sitting with the lamb. What other pairs do you Hicks was born in 1780. As a young N C I AR R E notice? What do you think the artist is trying to say by man he taught himself how to paint. , C RT AM A N F

placing these animals together? He earned his living by painting O O S N M U VE cbdlhspvoe; Look at the of this painting. signs for local stores. Hicks was E cbdlhspvoe A S E U . area that appears A group of men wearing three-cornered also a Quaker. As a Quaker, Hicks M N to be in the black hats meets with a group of Native was not supposed to create works of art. Quakers thought that making art Edward Hicks grew up on this busy farm. The distance artist painted this picture of his childhood home Americans. A bolt of fabric is placed kept people from studying the Bible. Although Hicks made works of art, in the same year as he painted The Peaceable on the ground. Two men are carrying he painted mostly religious pictures. He believed his paintings taught the Kingdom. The Young boy in the lower right is Edward Hicks at age five. He stands next to a a large chest up from the shore and community about the Bible. The Peaceable Kingdom was his favorite topic, woman reading the Bible in her lap. more chests can be seen farther in and he painted over sixty pictures of this same subject! the distance. Do you think these Hicks was also well known as a talented Quaker speaker. Quakers men arrived in the two-masted ship believe it is important for each person to interpret the Bible individually. that floats out in the water? Even today, Quakers worship in community meetings where anyone is free to speak. W IL L IA M

PE NN D ET AIL