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About This Document Series ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT SERIES The international community is looking on as the security situation in Kosovo province of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia deteriorates and even minimal respect for human rights is withdrawn. Serbian police and military operations, although ostensibly directed at the armed opposition Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), have led to hundreds of civilian deaths, many apparently a result of deliberate or indiscriminate attacks. Attacks on civilians have been part of the reason why tens of thousands of people have fled their homes. Members of the KLA have also been responsible for human rights abuses. As part of its response to the unfolding crisis, Amnesty International is documenting the appalling human rights violations that have been and are being committed in Kosovo province. The first reports, which together form ‘Series A’, were published in June and July 1998 and deal with events to June 1998. These reports document a systematic and long-standing pattern of human rights violations in the years and months leading to the present crisis, and which included torture and ill-treatment by police, deaths in police custody, and unfair trials of political prisoners. These documents are: A#1: Background: A crisis waiting to happen (AI Index: EUR 70/32/98). A summary analysis of the causes of the present crisis, and Amnesty International’s recommendations to the international community, the Yugoslav authorities and the KLA. A#2: Violence in Drenica (AI Index: EUR 70/33/98). A detailed analysis of arbitrary killings and extrajudicial executions during police and military operations in February-March 1998 in the Drenica region (a precursor to events in June), and reports of KLA abuses. A#3: Deaths in custody, torture and ill-treatment (AI Index: EUR 70/34/98). A survey of the widespread use of torture and ill-treatment against detainees and on the streets against demonstrators, including recent detailed victim testimony and photographic evidence from 1998. A#4: Unfair trials and abuses of due process (AI Index: EUR 70/35/98). A survey of ongoing failures in the administration of justice in political cases, including details of four political trials in 1997-98. A#5: Ljubeni and Poklek: A pattern repeated (AI Index: EUR 70/46/98). Extrajudicial executions and “disappearances” in May 1998 in scenarios which repeat those of earlier police abuses in Drenica. The second series, ‘Series B’, of which this report, B#1 Human Rights violations against women in Kosovo province (AI Index: EUR 70/54/98) is the first, deals with events that have taken place since June and sets out to examine some of the human rights themes and wider issues emerging in the course of the present crisis. Amnesty International’s reports are based largely on information gathered during missions by the organization to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in March and June 1998 to investigate human rights violations. In addition, information was supplied by local human rights monitors in Kosovo and Belgrade, local lawyers, foreign and local journalists and other individuals. Amnesty International is grateful for the assistance it has received from these sources. Cover photograph: Women and children fleeing the armed conflict in Kosovo province. ©Amnesty International INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT, 1 EASTON STREET, LONDON WC1X 8DJ, UNITED KINGDOM 3 Women’s rights are human rights and human rights are not only universal, they are also indivisible. A woman who is Womenarbitrarily from detained, all walks tortured, of life have killed, been made targeted to "disappear" for human or rights jailed abuses after anaround unfair the trial world. has, apartIn some from cases, being the denied reasons her are connectedcivil and politicalwith a woman’s rights, no occupation chance of exercisingor peaceful, her legitimate social, economic activities. and Governments cultural rights.* detain women who are lawyers, journalists, teachers, human rights activists, political activists, community organisers and members of many other professions. In other cases, women’s human rights are violated because of their ethnic origin or religious beliefs. Some women are subjected to human rights violations merely because they happen to be the wives, mothers, daughters or friends of people whom the authorities consider to be "dangerous" or "undesirable". These women are threatened, detained as substitutes for their relatives, ill-treated, tortured or even killed as governments attempt to exert their will over those closely connected with them. Countless women are forced to live in the shadow of another person’s "disappearance". A woman may suddenly become her family’s sole source of support just at the time when she is facing the absence of a close relative and is trying to locate the "disappeared" victim. She may be effectively widowed by her husband’s "disappearance", yet unable to claim state or other benefits because her husband has not been declared dead, officially or legally. Women constitute the majority of the refugee and internally displaced adult population and have been the victims of sexual abuse by police, soldiers or other government agents. Many of these women lack the support systems which would be provided in their own communities or by their close relatives. * From HUMAN RIGHTS ARE WOMEN’S RIGHT, the report with which Amnesty International launched its 1995 campaign for the protection of women’s human rights. FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA A Human Rights Crisis in Kosovo Province Human rights violations against women in Kosovo province Introduction I. Ill-treatment In areas of civil turmoil or armed conflict, Torture and ill-treatment appear to have been women are particularly vulnerable to human by far the most frequent human rights rights violations. They are often subjected to violations perpetrated by police in Kosovo brutal treatment simply because they live in a province. Since 1990 ethnic Albanians particular location or belong to a particular opposed to the Serbian and Federal group. authorities have operated parallel institutions in the fields of education, medical and social This report aims to illustrate the aid, and much of the harassment by police, human rights situation of women, primarily including physical ill-treatment, has been ethnic Albanian women, in Kosovo province directed at those involved in some way with of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia by these parallel institutions. However, many highlighting a number of representative people who were not themselves active cases. The report does not claim to depict the were also victims, and their ill-treatment full range and severity of human rights might be described as “random” or even violations against women which have taken “routine”. Generally the worst instances of place and which, as armed conflict persists, ill-treatment have occurred in police stations continue to occur daily. Ethnic Albanian where it frequently amounted to torture. women are the victims of human rights With recent developments, Amnesty abuses now, but since the early 1980s there International’s concerns in these areas have have been cases in which ethnic Albanian increased. Recently, hundreds of ethnic women have shared the fate of many of their Albanians have been ill-treated during menfolk and like them have been arbitrarily peaceful demonstrations. detained, ill-treated and convicted in unfair trials. With the outbreak of armed conflict, Ill-treatment in custody they now also face mass forced displacement and the risk of deliberate and arbitrary Besa Arllati is the chairperson of the killings. However, as in almost all instances Information Commission of the Djakovica of armed conflict, victims are not confined to (Gjakova) branch of the Democratic League one side only. The Serbian and Montenegrin of Kosovo (LDK). Amnesty International community, including its women, also has its delegates heard her story. On 25 May she victims; these too have their place in this was summoned to report to the local police. report. She did not respond to the summons. The following morning Besa Arllati took her to the local police headquarters. was arrested by two police inspectors who They reportedly gave no reason for her Amnesty International August 1998 Document Series B.#1. AI Index: EUR 70/54/98 2 Human Rights Crisis in Kosovo Province: Human rights violations against women arrest. On arrival at the building she was about 30 hours. Every hour she was taken to the office of the Chief Inspector, observed through a spyhole in the door, who greeted her with insults, one of which verbally abused and ordered to stand up, was to call her an “immigrant”. When she despite her exhaustion. The following day, replied that she had family roots in the area 27 May, she was accused of having influence stretching back for generations, he reportedly sufficient to secure the return of the missing lost his temper and began to hit her violently, policemen, and was released at 4pm with drawing blood, although she was able to orders to return the following morning at remain standing. This beating lasted about 9am. five minutes. He then began to question her On this second occasion she was about the whereabouts of various ethnic detained until midday, again subjected to Albanians. When another officer, whom she verbal abuse and questioning, and told to believes to have been from outside the return again the following day. The next day district and currently attached to the local she was ordered to return home and change police, began to punch her on the head she into casual clothing because she would be continued to defy them with the words: “Why taken to the zone of conflict. However, when are you using physical force, when you have she complied with this request she was taken guns in your belts? Draw them and see if I’m home and told to report again the next day at afraid.” She insisted that all her activities 8am.
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