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Bibliografi Tentang: Penyakit Kuda (Tahun 2003 – 2017)

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Bibliografi Tentang: Penyakit Kuda (Tahun 2003 – 2017) BIBLIOGRAFI TENTANG: PENYAKIT KUDA (TAHUN 2003 – 2017) No. PENGARANG, JUDUL, TAHUN TERBIT 1 Anagha, G, Gulati BR, Riyesh T, Virmani N. (2017) Genetic characterization of equine herpesvirus 1 isolates from abortion outbreaks in India. Arch Virol,162(1):157-163. Abstract Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) is a common pathogen of horses that causes upper respiratory tract disease, abortion, neonatal death and neurological disease. The neurological form of disease is called equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM). During the past decade, the incidence of EHM has been on the rise in Europe, North America, Australia and Asia. Some EHV1 isolates causing EHM exhibit a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the DNA polymerase gene (ORF30) at position 2254 (A2254 to G2254). Further, based on polymorphism in the ORF68, EHV1 isolates have been classified into different groups. The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity of EHV1 and to determine the prevalence of the neuropathogenic genotype of EHV1 in India. Out of 133 clinical specimens from abortion cases in northern India, 56 were positive for EHV1 infection. Analysis of the A/G SNP by realtime PCR and sequence analysis revealed that 54 of 56 samples (96.43 %) were of the non-neuropathogenic genotype (A2254), while two (3.57 %) had the neuropathogenic marker (G2254). Sequence analysis of the polymorphic region of ORF68 of EHV1 isolates (n = 9) from India indicated that the Delhi/1998, Tohana-2/2013, Hisar-2/2014 and Hisar-15/1990 isolates belonged to group 4, while the Jind/1996, Rajasthan/1998, Delhi-3/ 2007 and Tohana-5/1996 isolates clustered within group 5. One isolate (Hisar-7/1990) exhibited SNPs at positions C710 and C713, forming a separate group. Here, we report for the first time the detection of neuropathogenic genotypes of EHV1 in India and show that Indian EHV1 isolates cluster within groups 4 and 5. 2 Basile, RC, et.al. (2017) A. Brazilian borreliosis with special emphasis on humans and horses. Braz J. Microbiol,48 (1):167-172. Abstract Borreliosis caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a cosmopolitan zoonosis studied world-wide; it is called Lyme disease in many countries of the Northern Hemisphere and Lyme-likeor Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome in Brazil. However, despite the increasing number of suspectcases, this disease is still neglected in Brazil by the medical and veterinary communities.Brazilian Lyme-like borreliosis likely involves capybaras as reservoirs and Amblyomma andRhipicephalus ticks as vectors. Thus, domestic animals can serve as key carriers in pathogendissemination. This zoonosis has been little studied in horses in Brazil. The first survey wasperformed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and this Brazilian Borreliosis exhibits many differ-ences from the disease widely described in the Northern Hemisphere. The etiological agentshows different morphological and genetic characteristics, the disease has a higher recur-rence rate after treatment with antibiotics, and the pathogen stimulates intense symptomssuch as a broader immune response in humans. Additionally, the Brazilian zoonosis is nottransmitted by the Ixodes ricinus complex. With respect to clinical manifestations, Baggio-Yoshinari Syndrome has been reported to cause neurological, cardiac, ophthalmic, muscle,and joint alterations in humans. These symptoms can possibly occur in horses. Here, wepresent a current panel of studies involving the disease in humans and equines, particularlyin Brazil. 3 Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle, et.al. (2017) Characterization of non-lethal West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in horses: Subclinical pathology and innate immune response. Mic Pathogen, 103: 71-79 Abstract Most natural West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans and horses are subclinical or sub-lethal and non- encephalitic. Yet, the main focus of WNV research remains on the pathogenesis of encephalitic disease, mainly conducted in mouse models. We characterized host responses during subclinical WNV infection in horses and compared outcomes with those obtained in a novel rabbit model of subclinical WNV infection (Suen et al. 2015. Pathogens, 4: 529). Experimental infection of 10 horses with the newly emerging WNV-strain, WNVNSW2011, did not result in neurological disease in any animal but transcriptional upregulation of both type I and II interferon (IFN) was seen in peripheral blood leukocytes prior to or at the time of viremia. Likewise, transcript upregulation for IFNs, TNFa, IL1b, CXCL10, TLRs, and MyD88 was detected in lymphoid tissues, while IFNa, CXCL10, TLR3, ISG15 and IRF7 mRNA was upregulated in brains with histopathological evidence of mild encephalitis, but absence of detectable viral RNA or antigen. These responses were reproduced in the New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) experimentally infected with WNVNSW2011, by intradermal footpad inoculation. Kinetics of the anti-WNV antibody response was similar in horses and rabbits, which for both species may be explained by the early IFN and cytokine responses evident in circulating leukocytes and lymphoid organs. Given the similarities to the majority of equine infection outcomes, immunocompetent rabbits appear to represent a valuable small-animal model for investigating aspects of non-lethal WNV infections, notably mechanisms involved in abrogating morbidity. 4 Cruz-Lopez, F,et.al. (2017) Equine viral arteritis in breeding and sport horses in central Spain. Res Vet Sci. Jan 27;115:88-91. Abstract Equine viral arteritis (EVA) may have a high economic impact on breeding stud farms due to the occurrence of EVA-associated abortion outbreaks and the ability of the virus to persist in carrier stallions. While the conse- quences of EVA in premises with sport horses are usually less severe, the first confirmed outbreak of EVA in Spain occurred in a riding club in Barcelona, but no data on the seroprevalence of EVA in sport horses have been reported in Spain. Given the importance of both Spanish Purebred (SP) breeding horses and sport horses for Spain's equine industry, the aim of this study was to determine and compare the seroprevalence of EVA in these two horse populations in central Spain. Serum samples from 155 SP breeding horses residing in 16 stud farms and 105 sport horses of different breeds housed in 12 riding clubs, collected between September 2011 and November 2013, were tested using a commercial EVA antibody ELISA test with a 100% sensitivity, and confirmed by seroneutralisation (SN) test. EVA seroprevalence in SP breeding horseswas higher 21.1% (95% CI 15.3– 26.8%) than that in sport horses (6.7%, 95% CI 1.89–11.45%). However, the primary use (breeding vs. sport) was not significantly associatedwith seropositivity to Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), suggesting that different management factors do not affect EVA circulation in these two horse populations. 5 Decloedt, A, et.al. (2017) Right ventricular function during acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma. Equine Vet J. Jan 28. Abstract Background: Pulmonary hypertension has been described in horses with severe equine asthma, but its effect on the right ventricle has not been fully elucidated. Objectives: To evaluate right ventricular structure and function after a 1-week period of pulmonary hypertension secondary to acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma. Study design: Prospective study. Methods: A clinical episode of severe equine asthma was induced experimentally in six susceptible horses. Examinations in remission and on day 7 of the clinical episode included a physical examination with clinical scoring, echocardiography, arterial blood gas measurements, venous blood sampling for cardiac biomarkers, intracardiac pressure measurements, right ventricular and right atrial myocardial biopsies, airway endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. After 1 month of recovery, physical examination, echocardiography and cardiac biomarker analysis were repeated. Echocardiographic and pressure measurements were compared with those in 10 healthy control horses. Results: All horses developed clinical signs of acute pulmonary obstruction. Right heart pressures increased significantly. Altered right ventricular function could be detected by tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography. Cardiac troponin concentrations did not increase significantly, but were highly elevated in one horse which exercised in the paddock prior to sampling. Focal neutrophil infiltration was present in two myocardial samples. Even in remission, asthmatic horses showed a thicker right ventricular wall, an increased left ventricular end-systolic eccentricity index at chordal level and decreased right ventricular longitudinal strain compared with controls. Main limitations: The induced clinical episode was rather mild and the number of horses was limited because of the invasive nature of the study. Conclusions: Pulmonary obstruction in asthmatic horses induces pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular structural and functional changes 6 Dumoulin, M, et.al. (2017) Evaluation of direct Etest for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from synovial fluid of horses using enrichment bottles. Vet J., 220:55-62. Abstract This study evaluated the Etest for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of bacteria from equine synovial specimens, incubated in BACTEC enrichment bottles. Ninety-four culture-positive broths were inoculated onto agar to directly determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 13 antimicrobials, using the Etest (direct Etest). Results were
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