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Horse Bot Flies Livestock Management Insect Pests Sept. 2003, LM-10.3 Horse Bot Fly, Horse Throat Bot Fly Michael W. DuPonte1 and Linda Burnham Larish2 1CTAHR Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, 2Hawaii Department of Health Gasterophilus intestinalis Horse bot fly Gasterophilus nasalis Horse throat bot fly Origin First records of these pests in Hawaii were 1906 for the horse bot fly and 1908 for the horse throat bot fly. The horse bot fly is more common than the throat bot, but both species are found on all on the Hawaiian islands in association with equines. Hosts Horses, donkeys, and mules. From the mouth, larvae travel to the stomach, where they attach themselves to the wall and remain for 9– Livestock concern 12 months until they pass out with the feces and pu­ Cause ulcerated stomach, chronic gastritis, loss of con­ pate in the dung. dition, and, in rare cases, death by peritonitis. Adult flies emerge from the dung 2–8 weeks later. Description Control 2 Adult bot flies are ⁄3 inches long, and resemble bees, Clean up horse manure and dispose of it to remove adult with black and yellow hairs covering their bodies. fly emergence sites. Eggs of both flies are yellowish and attached singly to Clip bot eggs off of the horse’s hair, or sponge them the animal’s hairs. Horse bot fly eggs are laid on the with warm water to induce hatching. animal’s forelegs, belly, flanks, and shoulders, while Stomach bots can be controlled by oral administration horse throat bot fly eggs are laid under the chin. of ivermectin or organophosphate insecticides. 1 Larvae are off-white, ⁄2 inch long, blunt, and ringed with spines. References Hardy, D. Elmo. 1981. Insects of Hawaii, v. 14, Diptera: Cyclop­ Life cycle phapha IV. Univ. Hawaii Press, Honolulu. pp. 457–461 While hovering, female bot flies lay 150–1000 eggs on Williams, R.E., et al. (eds.). 1985. Livestock entomology. John Wiley the host’s body; the eggs hatch in 4–5 days. and Sons. pp. 90–93. Kettle, D.S. (ed.) 1995. Medical and veterinary entomolgy, 2nd ed. Horse bot fly larvae hatch after being licked or bitten by CAB International. pp. 303–309 the animal. Pereira, Marcelo de Campos. The Veterinary Parasitology Images Horse throat bot fly larvae hatch without having to be Gallery. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Photo on bitten or licked. this page ©MCP; used with permission. Young larvae crawl up into the animal’s mouth, burrow Texas Coopertive Extension, Entomology. <http://insects.tamu.edu/ image/insects/fieldguide/cimg241.html>. into the tongue, and feed there for about 28 days. Koehler, P.G., and J.F. Butler. Horse bots. Univ. Florida Coopera­ tive Extension Service. <http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.Eny-284>. Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Andrew G. Hashimoto, Director/Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822. An Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Institution providing programs and services to the people of Hawaii without regard to race, sex, age, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, marital status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or veteran status. CTAHR publications can be found on the Web site <http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu> or ordered by calling 808-956-7046 or sending e-mail to [email protected]. .
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