Nazca: Decoding the Riddle of the Lines
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159. City of Cusco, Including Qorikancha (Inka Main Temple), Santa Domingo (Spanish Colonial Convent), and Walls of Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman)
159. City of Cusco, including Qorikancha (INka main temple), Santa Domingo (Spanish colonial convent), and Walls of Saqsa Waman (Sacsayhuaman). Central highlands, Peru. Inka. C.1440 C.E.; conent added 1550-1650 C.E. Andesite (3 images) Article at Khan Academy Cusco, a city in the Peruvian Andes, was once capital of the Inca empire, and is now known for its archaeological remains and Spanish colonial architecture. Set at an altitude of 3,400m, it's the gateway to further Inca sites in the Urubamba (Sacred) Valley and the Inca Trail, a multiday trek that ends at the mountain citadel of Machu Picchu. Carbon-14 dating of Saksaywaman, the walled complex outside Cusco, has established that the Killke culture constructed the fortress about 1100 o The Inca later expanded and occupied the complex in the 13th century and after Function: 2008, archaeologists discovered the ruins of an ancient temple, roadway and aqueduct system at Saksaywaman.[11] The temple covers some 2,700 square feet (250 square meters) and contains 11 rooms thought to have held idols and mummies,[11] establishing its religious purpose. Together with the results of excavations in 2007, when another temple was found at the edge of the fortress, indicates there was longtime religious as well as military use of the facility, overturning previous conclusions about the site. Many believe that the city was planned as an effigy in the shape of a puma, a sacred animal. It is unknown how Cusco was specifically built, or how its large stones were quarried and transported to the site. -
Southern Destinations Gihan Tubbeh Renzo Giraldo Renzo Gihan Tubbeh Gihan Tubbeh
7/15/13 8:18 PM 8:18 7/15/13 1 Sur.indd EN_07_Infografia As you head south, you start to see more of Peru’s many different facets; in terms of our ancient cultural legacy, the most striking examples are the grand ruins Ancient Traditions Ancient History Abundant Nature There are plenty of southern villages that still Heading south, you are going to find vestiges of Machu Picchu and road system left by the Incan Empire and the mysterious Nasca Lines. As keep their ancestors’ life styles and traditions Uros Island some of Peru’s most important Pre-Colombian Peru possesses eighty-four of the existing 104 life zones for natural seings, our protected areas and coastal, mountain, and jungle alive. For example, in the area around Lake civilizations. Titicaca, Puno, the Pukara thrived from 1800 Also, it is the first habitat in the world for buerfly, fish and orchid species, second in bird species, and B.C. to 400 A.D., and their decline opened up landscapes offer plenty of chances to reconnect with nature, even while engaging Ica is where you find the Nasca Lines, geoglyphs third in mammal and amphibian species. the development of important cultures like of geometric figures and shapes of animals and in adventure sports in deserts (dunes), beaches, and rivers. And contemporary life the Tiahuanaco and Uro. From 1100 A.D. to the plants on the desert floor that were made 1500 arrival of the Spanish, the Aymara controlled is found in our main cities with their range of excellent hospitality services offered years ago by the Nasca people. -
Andean Path to Machu Picchu
ADVENTURE PROGRAM: APURIMAC RIVER: Head Water of the Amazon River + MACHU PICCHU “” DAY BY DAY ITINERARY DAY 1: ARRIVE TO CUSCO At your arrival to Cusco Airport our representative will be waiting for you to take you you hotel located at center of the City. Overnight at Cusco City No meals Included DAY 2: CUSCO We will pick you up from your hotel or meet you at the place of your choice for the city tour. We will start with a visit to the Cathedral, built over 450 years ago, and its fine collection of paintings of the Cusqueño School. After this, we will visit the Koricancha, the most sumptuous temple of the Inca culture, which was dedicated to worship the sun. Next, we will drive to the magnificent ruins of Sacsayhuaman and its impressive rocky constructions, followed by Kenko, PukaPukara and Tambomachay. Finally, we will head back to Cusco city. Overnight at Cusco City MEAL: Breakfast + Lunch Email Alberto: [email protected] Call Alberto: +51 9417 012 16. www.apumayo.com DAY BY DAY ITINERARY DAY 3: FROM CUSCO TO MAUKALLACTA AND CEDROCHAYOQ The guide will meet you at the hotel to leave Cusco (7:00 am) in our private vehicle, we will drive for 2½ hours towards Maukallacta Inca site. We will hike for about one hour and half to the mythical Inca site called Maukallacta (2,900 meters) where we will enjoy our snack and hear stories about the Ayar brothers and wives, founders of the Inca civilization. After a hike and visit this amazing and sacred Inca site, we will enjoy lunch. -
The Social and Cultural Values of Caral-Supe, the Oldest Civilization of Peru and the Americas, and Their Role in Integrated Sustainable Development
The social and cultural values of Caral-Supe, the oldest civilization of Peru and the Americas, and their role in integrated sustainable development Ruth Shady Solís 1 Research team director: Dr. Ruth Shady Solís. Archaeological research: In Caral: Marco Machacuay, Jorge Aching, Marco Bezares, Oliver Huamán, Luis Miranda, David Palomino, Edwin Rivera, Carlos Robles, Gonzalo Rodríguez, Rulfer Vicente and Gustavo Espinoza. In Áspero: Daniel Cáceda, Miguel Castillo, Nancy Gutiérrez, Kati Huamán and Luis Huertas. In Vichama: Aldemar Crispín, Norka Gamarra, Greta Valderrama, Tatiana Abad, Carlos Barrientos and Marco Valderrama. Monument preservation: Víctor Pimentel (advisor), Sergio Anchi, Juan Ruíz and Geraldine Ramírez. Technical support: Workers from surrounding villages (Caral, Llamahuaca, Supe Puerto and Végueta). In Lima: Laboratory team: Pedro Novoa, Giuliano Ardito, Dolores Buitrón, Manuel Gorriti, Daysi Manosalva and Giancarlo Ubillús. Edition coordinator: Edna Quispe. English translation: Patricia Courtney de Haro and Erick Delgado. 3D graphics: Christián Magallanes and Estela Vásquez. Geographical Information System: Karin Ramírez. Graphic design and layout: Marco Chacón and Nadia Cruz. Drawings: María Teresa Ganoza and PEACS archives. The social and cultural values of Caral-Supe, the oldest civilization of Peru and the Americas, and their role in integrated sustainable development. Copyright registered at Biblioteca Nacional del Perú, Nº 2008-02193 ISBN: 978-603-45179-0-5 © Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe/ INC. Av. Las Lomas de La Molina Nº 327. Urb. Las Lomas de La Molina Vieja, Lima 12, Peru. Phone: 495-1515 / 260-4598 www.caralperu.gob.pe All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Proyecto Especial Arqueológico Caral-Supe/ INC. -
Mathematics and Architecture of the Incas in Peru
AC 2011-2240: MATHEMATICS AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE INCAS IN PERU Cheri Shakiban, University of St. Thomas I am a professor of mathematics at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul, Minnesota, where I have been a faculty member since 1983. I received my Ph.D. in 1979 from Brown University in Formal Cal- culus of Variations. My recent area of research is mostly in computer vision, with applications to object recognition. My publications are in diverse areas of mathematics and engineering. I love to work with undergraduate students, in particular, underrepresented students, to get them involved in doing research in mathematics and encourage them to give conference presentations/posters and submit their work for publication. In addition to teaching regular math courses, I also like to create and teach innovative courses such as ”Mathematical symmetry of Southern Spain” and ”Mathematics and Architecture of the Incas in Peru”, which I have taught as study abroad courses several times. Michael P. Hennessey, University of St. Thomas Michael P. Hennessey (Mike) joined the full-time faculty as an Assistant Professor fall semester 2000. He is an expert in machine design, computer-aided-engineering, and in the kinematics, dynamics, and control of mechanical systems, along with related areas of applied mathematics. Presently, he has published 41 technical papers (published or accepted), in journals (9), conferences (31), or magazines (1). In 2006 he was tenured and promoted to the rank of Associate Professor. Mike gained 10 years of industrial and academic research lab experience at 3M, FMC, and the University of Minnesota prior to embarking on an academic career at Rochester Institute of Technology (3 years) and Minnesota State University, Mankato (2 years). -
CALLAO, PERU Onboard: 1800 Saturday November 26
Arrive: 0800 Tuesday November 22 CALLAO, PERU Onboard: 1800 Saturday November 26 Brief Overview: A traveler’s paradise, the warm arms of Peru envelope some of the world’s most timeless traditions and greatest ancient treasures! From its immense biodiversity, the breathtaking beauty of the Andes Mountains (the longest in the world!) and the Sacred Valley, to relics of the Incan Empire, like Machu Picchu, and the rich cultural diversity that populates the country today – Peru has an experience for everyone. Located in the Lima Metropolitan Area, the port of Callao is just a stone’s throw away from the dazzling sights and sounds of Peru’s capital and largest city, Lima. With its colorful buildings teeming with colonial architecture and verdant coastline cliffs, this vibrant city makes for a home-away-from-home during your port stay in Peru. Nearby: Explore Lima’s most iconic neighborhoods - Miraflores and Barranco – by foot, bike (PER 104-201 Biking Lima), and even Segway (PER 121-101 Lima by Segway). Be sure to hit up one of the local markets (PER 114-201 Culinary Lima) and try out Peruvian fare – you can’t go wrong with picarones (fried pumpkin dough with anis seeds and honey - pictured above), cuy (guinea pig), or huge ears of roast corn! Worth the travel: Cusco, the former capital of Incan civilization, is a short flight from Lima. From this ancient city, you can access a multitude of Andean wonders. Explore the ruins of the famed Machu Picchu, the city of Ollantaytambo – which still thrives to this day, Lake Titcaca and its many islands, and the culture of the Quechua people. -
Geological Society of America Special Papers
Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on October 1, 2010 Geological Society of America Special Papers Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient Perú Georg Petersen G. and William E. Brooks Geological Society of America Special Papers 2010;467;xvii-90 doi: 10.1130/2010.2467 Email alerting services click www.gsapubs.org/cgi/alerts to receive free e-mail alerts when new articles cite this article Subscribe click www.gsapubs.org/subscriptions/ to subscribe to Geological Society of America Special Papers Permission request click http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/copyrt.htm#gsa to contact GSA Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Notes © 2010 Geological Society of America Downloaded from specialpapers.gsapubs.org on October 1, 2010 Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient Perú by Georg Petersen G. -
Travel Guide to Machu Picchu
THE ULTIMATE TRAVEL GUIDE TO MACHU PICCHU Free step-by-step guide to planning and organising your Machu Picchu adventure! Publisher: Best of Peru Travel Guides (First Edition - April 2016) For general enquiries, listings, distribution and advertising information please contact us at: [email protected] Copyright notice: All contents copyright © Best of Peru Travel 2016 Text & Maps: © Best of Peru Travel 2016 Photos: © Best of Peru Travel 2016 & © Marcos Garcia/MGP Images All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any Best of Peru Travel is an online travel means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reading or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher and copyright guide for independent travellers who are owner. looking for the best Lima, Cusco, Machu Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is accurate at the time of going to press. Some details, Picchu and the Sacred Valley in Peru have however, such as prices, telephone numbers, opening hours, to offer. Want to know where to get the travel information and website addresses are liable to change. Best of Peru Travel accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or best Pisco sour in Cusco, the best lunch in inconvenience sustained by anyone using this information. Lima or which is the best hotel in Machu Editor’s note: Prices are in Peruvian Soles (S/.) unless otherwise stated in US$. All Picchu? Look no further... Visit us here! prices are guide prices only and are based on an exchange rate of 3.42 Peruvian Soles (PEN) to the US Dollar at the time of publication. -
Machu Picchu Is Nothing Be a Tax Resident
Eugene Kaspersky Muchas Pictures An Unforgettable Trip to the City of the Incas From the Author I made 100 flights in 2010. And though in 2011 various insider tips, there’s one thing I’d still my total came to just 94, I ended up spending recommend everyone after reading it: get to so much time abroad that I nearly ceased to this place yourself! Machu Picchu is nothing be a tax resident. It’s true that running a large less than mind-blowing, brain-bending, and international business requires a lot – lots of tourism-format forgetting. It’s a trip you’ll never flying, lots of driving, lots of talking, and lots forget, and, like me, you’ll never tire of telling of branding. But at least once a year I go on folks about it. Of course, there are plenty of a trip of another kind – one for the soul. No photos of the place and travelogues available – meetings, no interviews, no conference calls, no now including this one – but they’re simply not presentations – nothing like that. Only nature good enough. You really have to see this place and the astonishing experiences it can offer. in the flesh to fully come to terms with just how special it is. At least once in a lifetime. Machu Picchu had been on my must-see list for ages. And finally it came to pass! In November The main reason you need to see this “city in the 2011 a small group of colleagues and I headed clouds” is… to go back and see it again! Because down to Peru. -
Lima ~ Machu Picchu ~ Nazca Lines
OBDC PERU EXPLORER In conjunction with Global Basecamps April 6-16, 2019 Lima ~ Machu Picchu ~ Nazca Lines 10 nights 4* and 5* accommodations Meals: 9 breakfasts, 6 lunches, 5 dinners 2 flights, 2 train rides, AC private van transfers Itinerary: Experience the highlights and hidden treasures of Peru with Arrive Lima on your own an inspiring handcrafted adventure. This journey offers the 2 nights Lima, Hotel B Boutique Hotel City tour plus day of leisure opportunity to truly understand the local culture and to 1 night Paracas, Hotel LiBertador Superior explore the wonders of this historical destination. From the Pisco town tour, Pisco Sours anyone? modern luxuries of Lima and the seaside paradise of Paracas, Nazca Lines flyover, return to Lima to the colonial city of Cusco and the mountain scenery of the Flight Lima to Cusco Sacred Valley, you will see it all. 3 nights Cusco, El Mercado Junior Suite Cusco city tour, 4+ Inca archaeological sites The high points of your trip will Be exploring the enchanting Peruvian cooking lesson ruins and landscapes of Machu Picchu and a flight to view the Pisac market & OllantaytamBo ruins Nazca Lines from the air, the mystical ancient geoglyphs in 1 night, Inkaterra Hacienda UruBamBa Superior the Nazca Desert. Both are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Vistadome Train to Machu Picchu PueBlo Lunch at famed Sanctuary Lodge GloBal Basecamps has Been awarded the National Geographic Guided tour Machu Picchu Traveler “50 Tours of Lifetime Awards” in 2015 and 2014 for 2 nights, Inkaterra Machu Picchu PueBlo their custom trips to China and Africa. -
LIMA to LIMA (15 Days) Peru Encompassed
LIMA to LIMA (15 days) Peru Encompassed COUNTRIES VISITED: PERU INCLUDES • All accommodation - simple hotels & guesthouses, 1 night camping in Ica Desert, 3 nights camping on Inca Trail • All airport transfers • Ballestas Islands Boat Tour • Overnight Desert Camp & Barbeque • Colca Canyon overnight tour • Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu (4 day trek including all meals & guide) • Entrance to Machu Picchu and guided tour of site • Return train from Machu Picchu • Flight Cusco to Lima • Meals as per itinerary - approx. 40% • Services of Oasis Tour Leader and local guides on Inca Trail • All local transport www.oasisoverland.co.uk PAGE 1 [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)203 725 8924 EXCLUDES • Visas • National Park entrance fees totalling approx. $30 USD • International Flights • Meals not listed in the itinerary • Travel Insurance • Airport Taxes • Drinks • Optional Excursions as listed in the Pre-Departure Information • Tips TRIP ITINERARY DAYS 1 LIMA The capital of Peru, Lima is a city of contrasts. Here you'll encounter both abundant wealth and grinding poverty, modern skyscrapers next to some of the finest museums and historical monuments in Latin America. You will have a free day to explore its many museums, markets and colonial plazas. Visit the Old Town as well as the Miraflores district before watching the sunset over the Pacific Ocean at the end of the day.(No Meals) Overnight: Hotel Buena Vista (or similar) DAYS 2 LIMA TO BALLESTAS ISLANDS Our first stop, south of Lima, is the Ballestas Islands in the Paracas National Reserve. Here we take a boat trip to view one of the most important marine reserves in the world with the highest concentration of rare and exotic sea birds and sea mammals. -
Hidden Mysteries of Peru
Peru HIDDEN MYSTERIES OF PERU 13 Days FROM $3,389 Ancient Inca Circular Terraces in Moray Puno HOSTED PROGRAM PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS (2) Lima • (2) Puerto Maldonado • (3) Sacred Valley • (2) Cusco • (2) Puno • (1) Paracas •Stay in an authentic lodge and have amazing ecological adventures in Puerto Maldonado •Have the experience of a lifetime exploring the lost city of the Incas – Machu Picchu, Peru’s most important archeological site and one of the new Seven Wonders of the World ECUADOR •Explore Cusco’s Koricancha Temple and Sacsayhuaman Fortress •Get to know pre-Inca culture at Taquile Island, 12,000 feet above sea level PERU BRAZIL •Sail to the famous Uros Islands, man-made floating islands in the middle of Lake Titicaca National Reserve Lima 2 Machu Picchu •See the mysterious Nazca lines on a flight over 2 Puerto Maldonado Sacred Valley 3 the enormous outlines of stylized plants, animals, 2 Cusco and shapes scattered on the desert floor that has Paracas 1 remained undisturbed for 2000 years Puno 2 DAY 1 I LIMA Arrive in Lima and transfer to your hotel. Afternoon is at leisure. DAYS 2 – 3 I LIMA I PUERTO MALDONADO Private transfer to Lima airport to board your flight to Puerto Maldonado. Upon arrival, # - No. of Overnight Stays Arrangements by transfer to your lodge. For the next two days, enjoy activities including: DAY 12 I LIMA I PARACAS I NAZCA LINES Early transfer to the bus Concepcion Rainforest Trails, Twilight Canoe Cruise on Madre de Dios station to board your bus to Paracas. Upon arrival in Paracas transfer to HIDDEN MYSTERIES OF PERU River, Lake Sandoval hike, Inkaterra Canopy Walkway over 7 treetop your hotel.