Alcohols, Esters, and Oxo Acids Selection Chart
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Effect of Enzymes on Strawberry Volatiles During Storage, at Different Ripeness
Effect of Enzymes on Strawberry Volatiles During Storage, at Different Ripeness Level, in Different Cultivars and During Eating Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gulsah Ozcan Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University 2010 Thesis Committee: Sheryl Ann Barringer, Adviser W. James Harper John Litchfield 1 Copyright by Gülşah Özcan 2010 ii ABSTRACT Strawberry samples with enzyme activity and without enzyme activity (stannous chloride added) were measured for real time formation of lipoxygenase (LOX) derived aroma compounds after 5 min pureeing using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). The concentration of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal increased immediately after blending and gradually decreased over time while hexanal concentration increased for at least 5 min in ground strawberries. The formation of hexanal was slower than the formation of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal in the headspace of pureed strawberries. The concentration of LOX aldehydes and esters significantly increased during refrigerated storage. Damaging strawberries increased the concentration of LOX aldehydes but did not significantly affect the concentration of esters. The concentrations of many of the esters were strongly correlated to their corresponded acids and/or aldehydes. The concentration of LOX generated aldehydes decreased during ripening, while fruity esters increased. Different varieties had different aroma profiles and esters were the greatest percentage of the volatiles. The aroma release of some of the LOX derived aldehydes in the mouthspace in whole strawberries compared to chopped strawberries showed that these volatiles are formed in the mouth during chewing. -
Isopropyl Acetate Iac
ISOPROPYL ACETATE IAC CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION 4. FIRE HAZARDS 7. SHIPPING INFORMATION 4.1 Flash Point: 60°F O.C. 37°F C.C. 7.1 Grades of Purity: 95-99+% Common Synonyms Watery liquid Colorless Pleasant fruity 4.2 Flammable Limits in Air: 1.8%-8.0% 7.2 Storage Temperature: Ambient Acetic acid, isopropyl ester odor 4.3 Fire Extinguishing Agents: Alcohol foam, 2-Propyl acetate 7.3 Inert Atmosphere: No requirement dry chemical, carbon dioxide 7.4 Venting: Open (flame arrester) or pressure- Floats and mixes slowly with water. Flammable, irritating vapor is 4.4 Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be vacuum produced. Used: Not pertinent 7.5 IMO Pollution Category: Currently not available 4.5 Special Hazards of Combustion Keep people away. Products: Not pertinent 7.6 Ship Type: Currently not available Shut off ignition sources and call fire department. 4.6 Behavior in Fire: Not pertinent 7.7 Barge Hull Type: Currently not available Stay upwind and use water spray to ``knock down'' vapor. Avoid contact with liquid and vapor. 4.7 Auto Ignition Temperature: 860°F Notify local health and pollution control agencies. 4.8 Electrical Hazards: Not pertinent 8. HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS Protect water intakes. 4.9 Burning Rate: Currently not available 8.1 49 CFR Category: Flammable liquid 4.10 Adiabatic Flame Temperature: Currently 8.2 49 CFR Class: 3 FLAMMABLE. not available Fire Flashback along vapor trail may occur. 8.3 49 CFR Package Group: Not listed. 4.11 Stoichometric Air to Fuel Ratio: 30.9 Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. -
Isoamyl Acetate
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION Isoamyl Acetate CAS No. 123-92-2 Prepared for NTP by Technical Resources International, Inc Prepared on 11/94 Under NCI Contract No. N01-CP-56019 Table of Contents I. Chemical Identification II. Exposure Information Table 1. Levels of isoamyl acetate reported in foods III. Evidence for Possible Carcinogenic Activity Appendix A: Structural Analogs of Isoamyl Acetate IV. References SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION CAS Registry No.: 123-92-2 Chem. Abstr. Name: 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate Synonyms: Acetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester; acetic acid, isopentyl ester; AI3-00576; banana oil; isoamyl ethanoate; isopentyl acetate; isopentyl alcohol, acetate; pear oil; 3-methyl-1-butanol acetate; 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate; 3-methylbutyl acetate; 3-methylbutyl ethanoate; i-amyl acetate Structure: Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight: C7H14O2 Mol. Wt.: 130.18 Chemical and Physical Properties: Description: Colorless, flammable liquid with a banana-like odor (ACGIH, 1993). Boiling Point: 142°C (Lide, 1993) Melting Point: -78.5°C (Mark, et al, 1984; Lide, 1993) Solubility: Soluble in water (2000 mg/L at 25°C) (Howard, 1990); soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetone (Lide, 1993). Vapor 4.5 mm Hg at 20°C (Howard, 1990) Pressure: Refractive 1.4003 (Lide, 1993) Index: Flash Point: closed cup, 33°C; open cup, 38°:C (Budavari, 1989) Density: 0.876 (Lewis, 1993) Reactivity: Thermal decomposition of isoamyl acetate may produce acrid fumes. Contact with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkaline materials should be avoided (Haarmann & Reimer Corp., 1994). Hazardous decomposition products of isoamyl acetate include CO and CO2 (AESAR/Alfa, 1994) Log 2.13 (Howard, 1990) P(octanol/water partition coefficient): Technical Isoamyl acetate is commercially available as both a natural and synthetic product with a purity Products and range of 95-99+%. -
Comprehensive Characterization of Toxicity of Fermentative Metabolites on Microbial Growth Brandon Wilbanks1 and Cong T
Wilbanks and Trinh Biotechnol Biofuels (2017) 10:262 DOI 10.1186/s13068-017-0952-4 Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Comprehensive characterization of toxicity of fermentative metabolites on microbial growth Brandon Wilbanks1 and Cong T. Trinh1,2* Abstract Background: Volatile carboxylic acids, alcohols, and esters are natural fermentative products, typically derived from anaerobic digestion. These metabolites have important functional roles to regulate cellular metabolisms and broad use as food supplements, favors and fragrances, solvents, and fuels. Comprehensive characterization of toxic efects of these metabolites on microbial growth under similar conditions is very limited. Results: We characterized a comprehensive list of thirty-two short-chain carboxylic acids, alcohols, and esters on microbial growth of Escherichia coli MG1655 under anaerobic conditions. We analyzed toxic efects of these metabo- lites on E. coli health, quantifed by growth rate and cell mass, as a function of metabolite types, concentrations, and physiochemical properties including carbon number, chemical functional group, chain branching feature, energy density, total surface area, and hydrophobicity. Strain characterization revealed that these metabolites exert distinct toxic efects on E. coli health. We found that higher concentrations and/or carbon numbers of metabolites cause more severe growth inhibition. For the same carbon numbers and metabolite concentrations, we discovered that branched chain metabolites are less toxic than the linear chain ones. Remarkably, shorter alkyl esters (e.g., ethyl butyrate) appear less toxic than longer alkyl esters (e.g., butyl acetate). Regardless of metabolites, hydrophobicity of a metabolite, gov- erned by its physiochemical properties, strongly correlates with the metabolite’s toxic efect on E. coli health. -
BLUE BOOK 1 Methyl Acetate CIR EXPERT PANEL MEETING
BLUE BOOK 1 Methyl Acetate CIR EXPERT PANEL MEETING AUGUST 30-31, 2010 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Bart Heldreth Ph.D., Chemist Date: July 30, 2010 Subject: Draft Final Report of Methyl Acetate, Simple Alkyl Acetate Esters, Acetic Acid and its Salts as used in Cosmetics . This review includes Methyl Acetate and the following acetate esters, relevant metabolites and acetate salts: Propyl Acetate, Isopropyl Acetate, t-Butyl Acetate, Isobutyl Acetate, Butoxyethyl Acetate, Nonyl Acetate, Myristyl Acetate, Cetyl Acetate, Stearyl Acetate, Isostearyl Acetate, Acetic Acid, Sodium Acetate, Potassium Acetate, Magnesium Acetate, Calcium Acetate, Zinc Acetate, Propyl Alcohol, and Isopropyl Alcohol. At the June 2010 meeting, the Panel reviewed information submitted in response to an insufficient data announcement for HRIPT data for Cetyl Acetate at the highest concentration of use (lipstick). On reviewing the data in the report, evaluating the newly available unpublished studies and assessing the newly added ingredients, the Panel determined that the data are now sufficient, and issued a Tentative Report, with a safe as used conclusion. Included in this report are Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) sponsored toxicity studies on Methyl Acetate and Propyl Acetate, which were provided in “wave 2” at the June Panel Meeting but are now incorporated in full. The Tentative Report was issued for a 60 day comment period (60 days as of the August panel meeting start date). The Panel should now review the Draft Final Report, confirm the conclusion of safe, and issue a Final Report. All of the materials are in the Panel book as well as in the URL for this meeting's web page http://www.cir- safety.org/aug10.shtml. -
N-AMYL ACETATE HAZARD SUMMARY IDENTIFICATION REASON for CITATION HOW to DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED WORKPLAC
Common Name: n-AMYL ACETATE CAS Number: 628-63-7 RTK Substance number: 1321 DOT Number: UN 1104 Date: February 1998 Revision: June 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * n-Amyl Acetate can affect you when breathed in. * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health * n-Amyl Acetate can irritate the eyes causing a burning problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational sensation. diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. * Breathing n-Amyl Acetate can irritate the nose and throat * ODOR THRESHOLD = 0.52 ppm. causing cough and wheezing. * The range of accepted odor threshold values is quite * Exposure to high concentrations of n-Amyl Acetate can broad. Caution should be used in relying on odor alone as cause headache, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness and even a warning of potentially hazardous exposures. unconsciousness. * Prolonged or repeated skin contact can cause irritation, WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS dryness and cracking. OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit * n-Amyl Acetate may damage the liver. (PEL) is 100 ppm averaged over an 8-hour * n-Amyl Acetate is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a FIRE workshift. HAZARD. NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is IDENTIFICATION 100 ppm averaged over a 10-hour workshift. n-Amyl Acetate is a colorless liquid with a banana-like odor. It is widely used as a solvent and in the manufacture of ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is artificial fruit-flavoring agents. 50 ppm averaged over an 8-hour workshift and 100 ppm as a STEL (short term exposure limit). REASON FOR CITATION * n-Amyl Acetate is on the Hazardous Substance List WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust DOT, NIOSH, NFPA and EPA. -
Syringe Filters Solvent Compatibility Chart
Syringe Filters Solvent Compatibility Chart Group of Substance & Cellulose Nylon PES PTFE PVDF Chemical Reagents Acetate ACIDS Acetic, 5% L R R R R Acetic, 10% L R R R R Acetic, 25% N L R R R Acetic, Glacial N N R R R Boric - L - R - Formic 25% L N - R - Hydrochloric 15% L L R R L Hydrochloric 25% N N R R - Hydrochloric concentrated N N L R N Hydrofluoric 10% N N - - - Hydrofluoric 35% N N - R - Nitric 25% N N R R - Nitric 6N, 38% N N L R R Top 10 Reasons to Use Restek Syringe Filters Nitric concentrated N N N R N Phosphoric 25% L N R R - 1 Protect any analytical system. Sulfuric 25% N N N R - 2 Extend LC column lifetime. Sulfuric 6N, 29% N N N R - 3 Achieve more reproducible analyses. Sulfuric concentrated N N N R N Trichloroacetic 10% N N - R R 4 Variety of membranes, porosities, and diameters available. ALKALINES 5 Luer lock inlet provides strong, leak-tight syringe connection to Ammonium Hydroxide 25% N R R R L withstand filtration pressure. Formalin 30% L L R - - 6 Rugged polypropylene construction— autoclavable to 121 °C for Sodium Hydroxide 3N, 12% N R R R R 15 minutes (75 psi). ALCOHOLS 7 Color coded by membrane for easy identification. Amyl Alcohol L R N R R 8 Convenient dispenser box. Benzyl Alcohol L L L L L 9 FREE sample pack available. Contact your Restek sales Butyl Alcohol L R L R R representative today. -
Relative Volatility of Esters in Ethyl Alcohol-Water-Ester System." (1949)
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 6-1949 Relative volatility of esters in ethyl alcohol-water- ester system. Yi-Chung Chang University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Chang, Yi-Chung, "Relative volatility of esters in ethyl alcohol-water-ester system." (1949). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2349. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2349 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The nivU ersity of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ~...• UNIV~i:RSITY OF LOUI:3VIT J:!,; Ili!;Lt~TIV.E voL.t\::;r /1 Dublnitted to the Faculty of the Graduate Jchool of the an1versity of' Louisville in l?'art1al Fulfillment of the Requ.irements :tor the Decree of Y1-Chuns Chane //1 This PDF document is a scanned copy of a paper manuscript housed in the University of Louisville (UofL) Libraries. The quality of this reproduction is greatly dependent upon the condition of the original paper copy. Indistinct print and poor quality illustrations are a direct reflection of the quality of materials that are available for scanning. The UofL Libraries greatly appreciates any better copies that can be made available for replacement scans. -
Thai Hotel a Na Na Na Umri Han Atau Mitte
THAI HOTELA NA NAUS009809538B2NA UMRI HAN ATAU MITTE (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,809 ,538 B2 Musa et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Nov . 7 , 2017 ( 54 ) RENEWABLE MODIFIED NATURAL Merriam -Webster , Definition for synthesis , obtained from http :/ / COMPOUNDS www .merriam -webster . com /dictionary / synthesis on Mar . 18 , 2016 . * ( 75 ) Inventors: Osama M . Musa , Kinnelon , NJ (US ) ; Smith , Janice G . Organic Chemistry . 1st ed . New York , NY : Ezat Khosravi, Gilesgate Moor (GB ) McGraw - Hill, 2006 , Chapter 7 , pp . 221- 269. * Thompson et al . Polymer Journal 1995 , 27 , 325 - 338 . * ( 73 ) Assignee : ISP INVESTMENTS LLC , Barluenga et al. Org. Lett . 2002, 4 , 2817 - 2819 . * Wilmington , DE (US ) International Search Report , PCT /US2011 / 045208 , published on Feb . 9 , 2012 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 * cited by examiner U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 977 days . Primary Examiner — Matthew Coughlin (74 ) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Thompson Hine LLP ; (21 ) Appl . No. : 13/ 811 , 561 William J. Davis (22 ) PCT Filed : Jul. 25, 2011 (57 ) ABSTRACT ( 86 ) PCT No .: PCT/ US2011 /045208 Provided are modified natural compounds that are produced , at least in part , from ( A ) at least one epoxidized and /or $ 371 ( c ) ( 1 ) , maleated natural fatty acid , or epoxidized and /or maleated ( 2 ) , ( 4 ) Date : Mar. 25 , 2013 natural oil, and ( B ) at least one lactam having at least one ( 87) PCT Pub . No. : W02012 /018588 hydroxyl functional group , wherein the lactam may be in a blend with one or more optional alcohol( s ) . Among other PCT Pub . -
DESIGN of a FLEXIBLE PROCESS for the PRODUCTION of N-BUTYL ACETATE and ISOPROPYL ACETATE
Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University CHEN 4470, Spring 2012 DESIGN OF A FLEXIBLE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF n-BUTYL ACETATE AND ISOPROPYL ACETATE 1. Background Esters are widespread in nature and are responsible for the aroma of many fruits including apples, pears, bananas, pineapples and strawberries. This characteristic has led to extensive use of esters in the fragrance and flavor industries. Furthermore, ester bonds are also found in many polymers and several million tons of polyesters are produced industrially every year. This project involves the production of two different esters: A) n-Butyl Acetate (BuAc) - a chemical used as a solvent for various chemicals including inks, paints, and lacquers; and B) iso-Propyl Acetate (IPAc) – a solvent for cellulose, plastics, oil and fats, and a ingredient in some printing inks and perfumes. 2. Design Objectives In this project, you will utilize your process design knowledge to develop candidate process flowsheets from the initial concept through material balances, equipment sizing, control system design, and economic analysis. The processes should include all equipment needed to produce the products. A given process may include (but is not limited to) reactors, columns, heat exchangers, extractors, decanters, reflux pots, pumps, storage tanks. The primary objective of this project is to design a grass-roots facility capable of producing a total of 10,000 metric tons per year of 99.5 wt% Butyl Acetate. Due to similarities in the reaction schemes and to provide the ability to adapt to changes in market demand, a secondary objective is to evaluate the retrofitting requirements (if any) for switching the Butyl Acetate facility to produce 99.5 wt% iso-Propyl Acetate instead. -
Third & Fourth Edition Method Numbers Pdf Icon[PDF – 41
V.a. INDEX OF THIRD AND FOURTH EDITION METHOD NUMBERS XX = Discontinued Method 0500 PARTICULATES NOT OTHERWISE 1020 1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRI- REGULATED, TOTAL (Grav) FLUOROETHANE (GC) 0600 PARTICULATES NOT OTHERWISE 1022 TRICHLOROETHYLENE (GC) REGULATED, RESPIRABLE (Grav) 1024 1,3-BUTADIENE (GC) 0700 see 9100 1025 1-BROMOPROPANE, 2-BROMOPROPANE 0800 BIOAEROSOL SAMPLING (Indoor Air) 1026 p-CHLOROBENZOTRIFLUORIDE 0801 AEROBIC BACTERIA BY GC-FAME 1300 KETONES I (GC) 0900 MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS, acetone AIRBORNE cyclohexanone 1000 ALLYL CHLORIDE (GC) diisobutyl ketone 1001 METHYL CHLORIDE (GC) 2-hexanone 1002 CHLOROPRENE (GC) methyl isobutyl ketone 1003 HYDROCARBONS, HALOGENATED (GC) 2-pentanone benzyl chloride 1301 KETONES II (GC) bromoform camphor carbon tetrachloride ethyl butyl ketone chlorobenzene mesityl oxide chlorobromomethane 5-methyl-3-heptanone chloroform methyl-(n-amyl)-ketone o-dichlorobenzene 1302 N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE p-dichlorobenzene 1400 ALCOHOLS I (GC) 1,1-dichloroethane tert-butyl alcohol 1,2-dichloroethylene isopropyl alcohol ethylene dichloride ethanol hexachloroethane 1401 ALCOHOLS II (GC) tetrachloroethylene n-butyl alcohol 1,1,1-trichloroethane sec-butyl alcohol 1,1,2-trichloroethane isobutyl alcohol 1,2,3-trichloropropane n-propyl alcohol trichloroethylene 1402 ALCOHOLS III (GC) 1004 DICHLOROETHYL ETHER (GC) allyl alcohol 1005 METHYLENE CHLORIDE (GC) cyclohexanol 1006 CLUOROTRICHLOROMETHANE (GC) isoamyl alcohol 1007 VINYL CHLORIDE (GC) diacetone alcohol 1008 ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE (GC) methyl isobutyl carbinol -
Isopropyl Acetate Secondary Propyl Acetate Acetic Acid, Isopropyl Ester Isopropyl Ethanoate
Product Information Isopropyl Acetate Secondary Propyl Acetate Acetic Acid, Isopropyl Ester Isopropyl Ethanoate (CH3)2CHOC(O)CH3 Description Physical properties A colorless liquid with an aromatic Molecular Weight 102.13 fruity odor with moderate solubility in water and a low flash point. Relative Evaporation Rate nBuAc=1 5 ° Vapor Pressure at 20 C, mmHg 47.0 ° Density at 20 C lb/gal 7.28 ° Specific Gravity at 20/20 C 0.869 ° Viscosity at 20 C cP 0.5 Surface Tension (dynes/cm at 20°C) 22.3 ° (dynes/cm at 25 C) - Hansen Solubility Parameters, [cal/cm3]1/2 Total 8.6 Non-Polar 7.3 Polar 2.2 Hydrogen Bonding 4.0 ° Boiling Point, C at 760mm Hg 88.5 Solubility at 20°C %Wt In Water 3 %Wt Water in 1.9 ° Closed Cup Flash Point F36 † SARA 313 (see note 1 )N †† Hazardous Air Pollutant (see note 2 )N † Note 1: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) Title III Section 313 †† Note 2: Hazardous Air Pollutants listed under Title III of the Clean Air Act Classification/Registry Numbers CAS Number 108-21-4 (Please see second page) EINECS 203-5611 DOW RESTRICTED - For internal use only*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company Isopropyl Acetate Secondary Propyl Acetate Acetic Acid Isopropyl Ester Features • Non-HAP (Hazardous air pollutant) Solvent • Good resin solvent • Mild odor • Fast evaporating Applications • Coatings • Cleaning fluids • Printing inks • Cosmetic / personal care solvent • Fragrance solvent How supplied Region Packaging Transport Mode Europe/Africa Bulk or Drum Isotank/Marine Vessel/Tank Truck/Package Truck Latin America