THE MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG THE KidsRuLe! GUIDE TO… MEMBERS!

SHHHHH! Dress-up time Turn yourself CIVIL WAR into a Stuart SURVIVORS Find out why The castles that live cover star! Charles II hid in a tree! on to tell their tales KiNg on the run Learn about King Charles II’s great escape – and see if you can find him hiding in this issue! QUIZ TIME Find out if you’re a INTERVIEW Roundhead with master or Cavalier horseman William Cavendish

And Me!

• THE GUNPOWDER PLOT! • LOLS! INSIDE • MEGA POSTER! • THE PLAGUE!

LOL! Why did Oliver Cromwell ban Christmas? He was always on the naughty SUPER list! STUARTS After the rule of the Welsh Tudors in England came the reign of the Scottish Stuarts – a time of great change (and that’s just who was sat on the throne!)

fter all that happened James was so unpopular he was OVER under the Tudors, removed from power by his TO YOU England could have daughter Mary II and her Why was it done with a bit of husband William III. important that peace and quiet. But Queen Anne was the final England and what they got instead Stuart monarch, and she could Scotland were was war, the plague look back on 104 years of her and a great fire in family’s rule during which joined? London under the kings England gained land in India and and queens who followed them, called the newly discovered Americas and the Stuarts. the Caribbean, as well as leading the The Tudor queen Elizabeth I had no world in the arts and science during what children, so the crown passed to her was known as the Enlightenment. It was distant cousin, King James VI of Scotland, a time of great change for everyone, with who became James I of England, which the rich enjoying new fashions and grand united the two countries. The kingdom architecture – even their own riding didn’t stay united for long though. When schools (page 10) – as well as new goods James’s son Charles I sparked the English such as potatoes, tea, coffee and tobacco. Civil War – in which the Roundheads, who Life was still tough for the poor but supported parliament, clashed with the theatre was a popular entertainment. Cavaliers, who supported the king – there After the Great Fire of London were years of bloodshed and many in 1666 destroyed most of the castles were damaged (page 6). capital, houses started to be built from stone and brick OFF WITH HIS HEAD! instead of wood. Charles lost and had his head cut off, and his sons went into hiding (page 12). This I’m a king charles meant for 11 years there was no king, with spaniel! a man called Oliver Cromwell and then his son Richard ruling. Eventually, parliament invited Charles I’s eldest son to become King Charles II. He was followed by his brother James II. But

Timeline of 1603 1605 1625 1642 1649 the Stuarts James I becomes Catholic Guy Fawkes The crown passes . Charles I is The key events during the first Stuart king. attempts to blow to Charles I. His The Roundheads executed and the hundred year reign He’s Scottish, unlike up the Houses of reign is marked by and Cavaliers England has no of the Stuart monarchs the Tudors who Parliament to kill religious and fight to see who king or queen for descended from the king in the political strife that will control the first time in Welsh Henry VII Gunpowder Plot leads to civil war England over 800 years 02

Bring THIS ISSUE TO LIFE! Look for the Blippar logo to discover extra cool stuff through a smartphone camera. Here’s how… A day in the life… 4 Meet Oliver at Audley End House Ask a Launch 1 grown-up 3 Blippar to download the and fill the screen Civil War survivors Blippar app to a with the page you 6 The castles that lived on to tell their tales phone or tablet wish to Blip Stuart town poster SUPER 8 The next part of your mega timeline! Look out Watch the 2 for this 4 page come symbol on pages to life, giving you Bolsover Castle guide that have access to extra 10 How the castle became a rider’s retreat Blippable content cool stuff! Interview 11 Meet master horseman William Cavendish

Boscobel and the Royal Oak 12 Learn about Charles II’s great escape WIN Look inside… Win a cool goody bag! 13 Castle gatehouse Quiz time Design your own Stuart newspaper cover 14 Are you a Roundhead or a Cavalier? and send us a photo for your chance to win! Newspapers became popular during the Stuart brainteasers 15 More Stuart-themed fun and games reign of the Stuarts, especially during the time of the Civil War. We would like you to have a go at Dress up time designing your own newspaper 16 Become a Stuart cover star! front page with the biggest headlines and stories from the This magazine is published on behalf of Stuart era. We’ve got a goody English Heritage by Immediate Media Co. bag from the English Heritage www.immediate.co.uk shop worth £100 to give away For English Heritage Luke Whitcomb, Johanna Lovesey, Tom Dennis, to the reader who designs the Tersia Boorer, Tony Dike, Rebecca Thompson best cover. To find out how For Immediate Media Co to enter, go to www.english- Group editor Matt Havercroft Senior art editor heritage.org.uk/kids and Sam Freeman Art editor Elaine Knight-Roberts Group production editor Oliver Hurley Account follow the instructions. director Helen Johnston Account manager Joanne Robinson Senior account executive Georgina Terms and conditions The closing date and time for entries is midnight on 14 March 2019. Luton Director Julie Williams Editorial director The promoter is English Heritage. If you are under 13 you need permission from your parent/ Dan Linstead Design director Will Slater guardian before entering the competition. One winner will receive a goody bag from our online shop worth £100. All entries submitted may be featured on the English Heritage website, social media Contributors Andrew Hann, Jeremy Ashbee, Richard Nevell, channels and in printed publications. If you do not consent to your entry being published, state this Megan Leyland, Adam Rees when sending in your entry. For full terms and conditions go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids. Illustration Wesley Robins 200452

1650 1660 1665 1666 1688 1707 Oliver Cromwell Charles II, who London is hit hard A fire in a bakery James II is England, Wales and parliament had avoided by an outbreak of gets out of control overthrown and and Scotland rule England. They capture by hiding the Great Plague, and destroys most followed by his came together are so mean they in a tree, returns which results in of the city in The daughter, Mary under Stuart rule ban the theatre from France to as many as Great Fire of and her husband, to form the and Christmas! become king 100,000 victims London William III United Kingdom 03 A day in the life… His chores aren’t done yet as he has to Meet Oliver, who works for the search for wild partridge eggs in the fields. huntsman at Audley End House, a huge mansion in Essex, in 1680

I can only take You lot a few – the get looked master needs after like grown birds for kings! the Lord to hunt

Oliver is up at the crack of dawn to head down to the kennels to feed the hounds.

Oliver is only nine, so he has a lot to The huntsman and gamekeeper Oi, Ollie, we learn from the gamekeeper, Godfrey. look after deer and birds so they don’t play a can be hunted and shot. Oliver game, we look helps to find the deer while after it! seeing if he can spot any signs of I’m not poachers who might steal them. afraid of poachers…

… ok, maybe a little

Eurgh, I hope I don’t get the Plague!

Rats, birds of prey and foxes are killed so they don’t eat the birds and their eggs. Oliver finds some dead rats in a trap set by Godfrey. It’s harvest time, so Oliver helps gather in the fruit As they head back to the house, Oliver is grabbed by from the orchard with his friend – they can’t resist Godfrey who has something important to tell him. having a bite.

Mmmm, We have to these Oi! find a big deer apples are stop that for the king. delicious! you two! He wants some sport!

Audley End is owned by King Charles II. He likes to go to the horse races at Newmarket, not far away, but this weekend he has come to Audley End to hunt with some of his courtiers.

By Charlie, it’s the king! The house is surrounded by parkland and fields where the deer live. Oliver has to help the huntsman find a big deer using a hound to pick up the scent and flush it out.

Come out, come out, wherever you are… Phew! I hope I get to try some after today!

A deer springs from the trees. It is chased and hunted down by dogs and the hunters on horses. Oliver must help carry it back for the evening feast. Follow in Oliver’s footsteps by planning a visit to Audley End at www.english-heritage.org.uk/audleyend civilwar

Duringsurvivors the English Civil War many of our castles were ruined by the conflict or slighted by parliamentarian or royalist soldiers. Here are a selection of those that live on to tell their tales…

RUINED! Old Wardour Castle Where? Wiltshire The castle’s owners, the Arundell family, supported King Charles, so parliamentarians besieged the castle in 1643. They tried using LOL! cannons and blowing up explosives What was underneath the castle, until Lady Charles I’s Arundell surrendered. Later that favourite food? year, royalists attacked and set Chop suey off a huge explosion under the west side of the tower. It knocked down part of the turrets and cracked the walls, so the parliamentarians eventually surrendered. Kenilworth Slighted! Castle Slighted! Where? Warwickshire Sherborne Old Castle Parliament was keen to Where? Dorset destroy old castles that had once been used Held by royalists, the castle was besieged twice. by royalists. Though It survived the 1642 siege intact but was captured Kenilworth wasn’t in 1645 after the second siege. Parliament then attacked during the war, gave orders to slight it. Though the entrance the parliamentarians still stands tall, you can see that they knocked had taken control down a lot of the rest of the castle. after the royalists abandoned it. In 1650, the castle’s outer walls were dismantled, one side of the keep was undermined and the great lake next to the castle was drained. survivors Slighted! helmsley Castle Where? Yorkshire RUINED! The royalist commander surrendered the castle after a two- month siege in 1644. Over the next few years, the outer walls Goodrich were dismantled, and the east tower almost looks like it’s been cut in two. This could have been done by digging into the walls Castle so that they collapsed, or perhaps even using gunpowder to blow them up! Where? Herefordshire Because the mighty walls were so thick, the parliamentarians specially made a mortar that launched RUINED! exploding shells weighing 85kg over the walls. Keep an eye out for the mortar Scarborough Castle Under (a kind of cannon) known Where? Yorkshire fire! as Roaring Meg. The To see what parliamentarians also dug In August 1644, parliamentarians began a siege happens when you under the north-west tower of the castle. Their powerful cannons, including fire a mortar at a to collapse it. The garrison one that could fire a 29kg ball, were brutally caravan, scan this surrendered on 31 July effective. The person in charge of the page with Blippar 1646 after two months of defence wrote, ‘The fall of the tower (see page 3)! relentless battering. was a very terrible spectacle and more sudden than expected.’ Even then, the garrison didn’t surrender until July 1645. WHAT IS Cannons could cause lots of damage SLIGHTING? Slighting is when an important building was deliberately damaged. During the Civil War, parliament and the royalists slighted lots of castles. This often upset the owners because the castles were family homes and made it harder to use them in war.

A slighted castle could be completely demolished, so that almost nothing was left standing, or the stones were carted off to be reused somewhere else. But other times, the damage was only to a small part of the castle and could be repaired. Slighting took a lot of time and effort, especially if castles were carefully dismantled.

07 $ This Stuart town is bustling with activity. Look at the buildings and COLLECT ALL 12 you’ll notice that many of them POSTERS! are now built with stone rather than timber. In the distance is a with formal gardens. Over to you! Collect them all! • What is the boat used for? This is the eighth of 12 posters • What clothes are they wearing? you can collect to make a mega • Who is in the carriage? timeline of English history. You • What sort of food do they eat? can find the other seven at www. • Have you seen similar buildings? english-heritage.org.uk/kids A RIDER’S

ROYAL WELCOME His son, the poet and master horseman, William Cavendish inherited in 1617 at the age of 25. He hosted a lavish feast and KNIGHT TIMES entertainment for King Charles I RETREATOne of William the Conqueror’s knights, and Queen Henrietta Maria in 1634 William Peveril, built Bolsover Castle in the late 11th century, but by the FIGHT AND FLIGHT mid-14th century it had William Cavendish fought for the become neglected Royalists during the Civil War, but after defeat at the Battle of Marston Moor, went into exile. On his return in 1660 he repaired Bolsover, built the Riding House and rebuilt the HOUSE OF FUN state apartment In 1612 Sir Charles Cavendish started building the Little Castle at Bolsover as a retreat and place for entertaining MOVING ON In the 18th century Bolsover passed to the Dukes of Portland who used the Little Castle as a retreat before it was used as a vicarage in the early 19th century

William Cavendish was a highly-skilled horseman, who mastered the art of training and riding horses in coordinated movements. This was originally called HISTORIC manège, which has become the sport of dressage today. Here are some of the moves the horses and riders perform… horsemanshipskills

Lateral movements The pirouette The passage The half pass Sideways moves A slow trot where the horse A movement from one at the canter corner of the room to performed with the horse’s This is where the horse and and rider are suspended in shoulders or haunches rider perform a 360 degree the air as the horse hops another, with the horse moving diagonally in bent in can be seen in turn without moving off the between its opposing front modern dressage. same spot or losing rhythm. and rear legs. a slight bend. How Bolsover Castle became the home of master horseman William Cavendish during the 17th century Q&A Interview with William Cavendish We sent young Members Harvey and Elliot to Bolsover Castle to RETREAT meet its famous former owner

William Cavendish H: How do you care for the horses? You will groom them, you will feed them, you will make sure they are well rested before you ride them. We must brush him, making sure we brush along the hairline, not against. This brings out the scurf, the sweat caused during riding.

Elliot E: What is a switch and what is it used for? A switch is a wand, a long piece of wood. We use it to touch the horse to ask him to perform a movement – never to punish. Harvey H: How do you train horses? I am practising the art of manège: using complex patterns to train our horses to be supple and fit, and make them fly should we need to. You must teach a horse to be balanced so he carries not only himself but also his rider. I shift the weight on to his hind legs to make him nimble.

E: What is your greatest achievement? I am most proud and pleased to have served King Charles as Watch the video general of the north during the Scan this page with Blippar Civil War. And though we were (see page 3) or go to defeated in battle, my loyalty www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids has brought me much reward.

11 HIde AND SeEK Boscobel House in and its famous Royal Oak tree were once the hiding place of King Charles II, after he fled from the parliamentarians

TREE HOUSE It was then that he famously HIDING PLACE hid inside a tree – the Royal After losing the Battle of Oak. Despite falling asleep he Worcester in 1651, King managed to avoid the soldiers Charles II had to flee as looking for him. parliament ordered his arrest. His friend suggested hiding at Boscobel, a ‘recusant’s house’.

MMMM, MUTTON… Charles later hid in the house in a special, tiny hiding place. He had to INTO THE WOODS butcher a stolen sheep In order to hide, Charles for his breakfast! had to cut his hair, change clothes and stay out in the woods for a whole day without food or drink. I’M A LADY! He escaped dressed as a lady’s servant. When asked, he convinced people that he had no idea who Charles was!

ESCAPE PLAN The next day he attempted to escape to Wales but realised it was too dangerous and had to return to Boscobel.

Catch me if you can! Discover more at www.english-heritage.org.uk/boscobel BOSCOBEL HOUSE

Here’s what he WHERE’S CHARLIE? looks like! King Charles II is on the run again! Only this time, he’s LOL! hidden in the pages of this magazine. See if you can Why did Charles find him to report him to the parliamentarians! II decide to hide in a tree? He wanted to Clue: If now you’re wondering where I’ve gone, turn over a I suggest you look in a castle at Sherborne new leaf!

12 NOW

THEN LOL! What did King Charles II get after the Civil War? Running practice! Look inside... Stokesay Castle gatehouse In 1640–41, William, 1st Earl of Craven completed this new gatehouse Entrance Regional style Porter’s lodge Shortly after the gatehouse Timber-framed buildings This room with a small 1 was completed, Civil War broke 2 like this were common 3 fireplace has a window out in England. In hindsight, the in medieval Shropshire. The looking into the passage that royalist Earl Craven may have outside walls have lots of fancy leads to the courtyard. This was regretted his decision to build decoration, and the upper levels a porter’s lodge, from where a weak timber gatehouse instead are larger than the ground floor, visitors to the castle could be seen of a stronger stone one. being supported on beams. on their approach and greeted.

Luxury living Upstairs downstairs Break down the walls The first floor featured all The top storey was accessed Shortly after the siege of the 4 the elements of comfortable 5 by a spiral staircase and was 6 castle in 1645, its medieval living: a bedroom with a fireplace, a mixture of servants’ quarters walls were demolished so that it toilet cupboard and space for and storage space. It was lit by couldn’t defend itself against bedroom furniture, and a larger small windows. Its position sieges in the future. You can see room on the left, which was allowed servants to quickly access some of the walls at their original probably a dining room. all the rooms in the building. height by the south tower.

Discover more at www.english-heritage.org.uk/stokesaycastle 13 LOL! QUIZ TIME Why were Oliver YOU Cromwell’s troops ARE A called Roundheads? He couldn’t find square helmets ROUNDHEAD to fit! ORA CAVALIER? Would you support parliament and be a Roundhead? Or are you a Cavalier on the king’s side? Take our quiz to find out! How long is What clothes do chal 1 your hair? 5you like wearing? Take the lenge A My mum thinks it’s just right A Something comfortable B Long and luxurious B Colourful and fun Find out how you C Short and tidy C Smart and plain would have survived in Stuart times with What do you think What’s the best way 2 of Christmas? 6to win a fight? these challenges… A I like it but it’s too expensive A I hate fighting, leave me alone! B Best day of the year B Make it up as you go along, As fast as you can C Such celebrations are unnecessary have fun! Both Charles II and his brother C Be prepared, patient and James II ended up fleeing England Which of these disciplined to avoid being captured. Have a 3 looks better? look at a map of Europe and see if A They both look silly What would you you can guess where they fled to B Right 7 rather be doing? and why. If you were on the run C Left where would you go? A B C Praying Dress to impress The Stuarts loved big fashion: big Farming hats, big boots, big wigs, big dresses, Partying you name it. Use the pictures in this magazine and on the internet to copy your favourite How do you like Stuart Should the king 8 your food? fashions A I don’t mind as long as I’m full 4 rule England? and design A It makes no difference who is in B Full of colour and spices. The more your own charge meat the better! Royals outfit fit B Of course, he is the rightful ruler C Plain and simple, just enough rule! for a lord C The king has too much power bread and soup to live on or lady of the Kings manor! Which side are you on? stink! Setting sail Mostly Mostly Mostly People in England were poor and there was always some new disaster around the corner, so many left on A B C ships to newly-discovered America. What three things would you take You support You’re a You’re a neither side. with you from home to survive Cavalier, time Roundhead, the long journey? Keep your to take up arms join the fight head down for the king for Parliament! 14 stuart

LOL! What did More fun Stuart-themed games, the Puritan brainteaserssay to Father puzzles and things to do Christmas? plot the No, no, no! pilgrims Great Fire rescue In 1666 much of the capital was destroyed • Tea • Cutlery A path by the Great Fire of London. Most houses • Blanket • Sugar See if you can help the crew that were burned belonged to poor • Paintings people who had few possessions, but of the Mayflower to chart a • Cooking pot safe passage to America some were grand houses of the rich. If they had time they might have saved The Pilgrims, who were English a few of their most valuable things. Puritans, ventured to the New From the list (see right) pick which OVER World from Plymouth in 1620. They expensive items rich people might TO YOU hoped to find food and freedom have saved and which everyday items What are your in a new land. Can poor people might have saved. three favourite

you help them

sugar (rich), paintings (rich), cooking pot (poor) (poor) pot cooking (rich), paintings (rich), sugar things you’d want

Tea (rich), cutlery (poor), blanket (poor), (poor), blanket (poor), cutlery (rich), Tea to get there? ANSWERS: to save from your house? All aboard! DIY plague potion Have a go at making a sweet-smelling potion to protect you from the Great Plague* The Great Plague was an epidemic of the bubonic plague that killed nearly a quarter of London’s population. Doctors tried to protect themselves with a mask filled with herbs and flowers as they thought the bad air made people ill (it was actually fleas on

rats). Try making your own mixture using water work! * It won’t really and two of your favourite-smelling herbs to see if it makes your bedroom smell better!

fact or fib?

1 Wigs were fashionable for The rhyme Ring a Ring o’ men in Stuart England 3 Roses is about the plague

The Roundheads got their 2 Only six people died during 4

the Great Fire of London name from their short hair

4. Fact: their heads looked more round than those of the Cavaliers, who had long hair. long had who Cavaliers, the of those than round more looked heads their Fact: 4.

1881. until print in appear didn’t that rhyme nursery old an it’s Fib: 3. homeless.

1. Fact: King Charles II wore huge wigs! 2. Fact: although lots were made made were lots although Fact: 2. wigs! huge wore II Charles King Fact: 1. ANSWERS: become a stuart cover star Turn yourself into a Cavalier and strike a Stuart pose for your cover selfie!

STEP 1 Go to Hat? Check! www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids Moustache? to get started Check! Collar? Check! Cheeky smile? Check! STEP 2 Follow the instructions to make a cavalier hat and download your printable props. Print out the prop templates and glue each of the pages on to card before cutting them out

STEP 3 Get dressed up and use the Blippar app to scan the front cover of the magazine

STEP 4 NOW Strike a pose and take a photo. Ask a grown-up to share your Stuart cover BLIP IT! selfie using #EHmembership and tag Scan the front cover @EnglishHeritage of the magazine with Blippar (see page 3) to make yourself the star!