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“Henry VIII, a Dazzling Renaissance Prince and the Great Matter”
UNIVERSIDAD DE MAGALLANES FACULTAD DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y DE LA SALUD Departamento de Educación “Henry VIII, a Dazzling Renaissance Prince and the Great Matter” By: Jessica Alvarado Guerrero Gustavo Leal Navarro Jimena Montenegro Gallardo Pablo Torres Barrientos Tutor: Alicia Triviño Punta Arenas- 2010 0 ABSTRACT As the title of this monograph suggests, this research focuses on King Henry VIII’s “Great Matter”, and how relevant it was to the whole process of the English Reformation covering a period of 17 years (1530-1547). Through this analysis, this work evidences the whole process of Reformation that England went through during the XVI century. As a result, the English Church becomes independent from the authority of the Pope. The main purpose of this investigation is to carefully examine the primary and secondary facts that prompted the separation from the Catholic Church on the grounds that the Henrician Reformation developed differently, in relation to the European process. Furthermore, this work intends to unveil the true nature of King Henry VIII’s character and the way his actions, way of living, beliefs and thoughts influenced on the separation of the Church and as a result lead to the Reformation era. After all, Henry VIII was one of the most controversial political figures of all times. The most important highlights in King Henry VIII’s life are presented in order to contextualize the reader to the conditions that conducted to the most striking changes that Catholic England had undergone. Together with Henry’s Great Matter, this work also presents a complete account of the King’s personal life, to make the reader understand the decisions made by Henry in critical times, covering from the relationships with his wives, mistresses, children to his medical records, controversial aspects in his life that for most historians turned him into a tyrant while for some other, one of the greatest English Kings ever. -
Just As the Priests Have Their Wives”: Priests and Concubines in England, 1375-1549
“JUST AS THE PRIESTS HAVE THEIR WIVES”: PRIESTS AND CONCUBINES IN ENGLAND, 1375-1549 Janelle Werner A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by: Advisor: Professor Judith M. Bennett Reader: Professor Stanley Chojnacki Reader: Professor Barbara J. Harris Reader: Cynthia B. Herrup Reader: Brett Whalen © 2009 Janelle Werner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT JANELLE WERNER: “Just As the Priests Have Their Wives”: Priests and Concubines in England, 1375-1549 (Under the direction of Judith M. Bennett) This project – the first in-depth analysis of clerical concubinage in medieval England – examines cultural perceptions of clerical sexual misbehavior as well as the lived experiences of priests, concubines, and their children. Although much has been written on the imposition of priestly celibacy during the Gregorian Reform and on its rejection during the Reformation, the history of clerical concubinage between these two watersheds has remained largely unstudied. My analysis is based primarily on archival records from Hereford, a diocese in the West Midlands that incorporated both English- and Welsh-speaking parishes and combines the quantitative analysis of documentary evidence with a close reading of pastoral and popular literature. Drawing on an episcopal visitation from 1397, the act books of the consistory court, and bishops’ registers, I argue that clerical concubinage occurred as frequently in England as elsewhere in late medieval Europe and that priests and their concubines were, to some extent, socially and culturally accepted in late medieval England. -
Gloucestershire Castles
Gloucestershire Archives Take One Castle Gloucestershire Castles The first castles in Gloucestershire were built soon after the Norman invasion of 1066. After the Battle of Hastings, the Normans had an urgent need to consolidate the land they had conquered and at the same time provide a secure political and military base to control the country. Castles were an ideal way to do this as not only did they secure newly won lands in military terms (acting as bases for troops and supply bases), they also served as a visible reminder to the local population of the ever-present power and threat of force of their new overlords. Early castles were usually one of three types; a ringwork, a motte or a motte & bailey; A Ringwork was a simple oval or circular earthwork formed of a ditch and bank. A motte was an artificially raised earthwork (made by piling up turf and soil) with a flat top on which was built a wooden tower or ‘keep’ and a protective palisade. A motte & bailey was a combination of a motte with a bailey or walled enclosure that usually but not always enclosed the motte. The keep was the strongest and securest part of a castle and was usually the main place of residence of the lord of the castle, although this changed over time. The name has a complex origin and stems from the Middle English term ‘kype’, meaning basket or cask, after the structure of the early keeps (which resembled tubes). The name ‘keep’ was only used from the 1500s onwards and the contemporary medieval term was ‘donjon’ (an apparent French corruption of the Latin dominarium) although turris, turris castri or magna turris (tower, castle tower and great tower respectively) were also used. -
Comus (A Mask Presented at Ludlow Castle) John Milton (1634) the Persons the Attendant Spirit Afterwards in the Habit of Thyrsis
Comus (A Mask Presented at Ludlow Castle) John Milton (1634) The Persons The attendant Spirit afterwards in the habit of Thyrsis Comus with his crew The Lady 1. Brother 2. Brother Sabrina, the Nymph _______________________________________ The cheif persons which presented, were The Lord Bracly, Mr. Thomas Egerton, his Brother, The Lady Alice Egerton. _______________________________________ The first Scene discovers a wilde Wood. The attendant Spirit descends or enters. BEfore the starry threshold of Joves Court My mansion is, where those immortal shapes Of bright aëreal Spirits live insphear'd In Regions milde of calm and serene Ayr, Above the smoak and stirr of this dim spot, [ 5 ] Which men call Earth, and with low-thoughted care Confin'd, and pester'd in this pin-fold here, Strive to keep up a frail, and Feaverish being Unmindfull of the crown that Vertue gives After this mortal change, to her true Servants [ 10 ] Amongst the enthron'd gods on Sainted seats. Yet som there be that by due steps aspire To lay their just hands on that Golden Key That ope's the Palace of Eternity: To such my errand is, and but for such, [ 15 ] I would not soil these pure Ambrosial weeds, With the rank vapours of this Sin-worn mould. But to my task. Neptune besides the sway Of every salt Flood, and each ebbing Stream, Took in by lot 'twixt high, and neather Jove, [ 20 ] Imperial rule of all the Sea-girt Iles Source URL: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/comus/index.shtml Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/engl402/ Attributed to: [Thomas H. -
Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle
BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS General Editor: PROFESSOR PATRICK MCGRATH, M.A., Assistant General Editor: MISS ELIZABETH RALPH, M .A., F.S.A. VOL. XXXIV ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN 1HE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURIES ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN THE THIR1EENTH AND EARLY FOUR1EENTH CENTURIES EDITED BY MARGARET SHARP Printed for the BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 1982 ISSN 0305-8730 © Margaret Sharp Produced for the Society by A1an Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge CONTENTS Page Abbreviations VI Preface XI Introduction Xlll Pandulf- 1221-24 1 Ralph de Wiliton - 1224-25 5 Burgesses of Bristol - 1224-25 8 Peter de la Mare - 1282-84 10 Peter de la Mare - 1289-91 22 Nicholas Fermbaud - 1294-96 28 Nicholas Fermbaud- 1300-1303 47 Appendix 1 - Lists of Lords of Castle 69 Appendix 2 - Lists of Constables 77 Appendix 3 - Dating 94 Bibliography 97 Index 111 ABBREVIATIONS Abbrev. Plac. Placitorum in domo Capitulari Westmon asteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio ... Ed. W. Dlingworth. Rec. Comm. London, 1811. Ann. Mon. Annales monastici Ed. H.R. Luard. 5v. (R S xxxvi) London, 1864-69. BBC British Borough Charters, 1216-1307. Ed. A. Ballard and J. Tait. 3v. Cambridge 1913-43. BOAS Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Transactions (Author's name and the volume number quoted. Full details in bibliography). BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. BM British Museum - Now British Library. Book of Fees Liber Feodorum: the Book of Fees com monly called Testa de Nevill 3v. HMSO 1920-31. Book of Seals Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals Ed. -
Why Does English Heritage Need My Support
Retail Volunteer: Tasting Table Host Volunteer Role Description Why does English Heritage need my support? Stokesay Castle is a picturesque, well-preserved Medieval Manor house, finished in 1291 by wealthy wool merchant Lawrence of Ludlow all set in the glorious Shropshire Hills. Your support ensures the future conservation of Stokesay Castle and other beloved English Heritage sites. Everyone loves a free sample and we have some great products to choose from! Tasting Table Hosts Volunteers help visitors to select the products they might buy from our retail outlets. How much time will I be expected to give? Sessions for this role will be during in busy times – weekends, school holidays, events days and Bank Holidays. Each session will be around 4 hours long, but there will be a degree of flexibility to this. You can sign up for as many sessions as you would like to throughout the year. Where will I be based? Stokesay Castle, Stokesay, Craven Arms, Shropshire, SY7 9AH Predominantly, this role is based in the shop at the Visitor Centre, Stokesay Castle. But there will be opportunities to get out to events and help in the Retail tent on event days. What will I be doing? Tasting Table Hosts volunteers support English Heritage to raise valuable income and create a great visitor atmosphere by: Providing excellent service to our visitors, which ensures they have a warm welcome and enjoyable visit. Offering taster samples to visitors and explaining about the product Supporting the development of the tasting tables by knowing what goes down well and what our most popular items are. -
A Short History of Hereford
A S H O RT H I STO RY OF H EREFORD . W I LLI AM COLLI NS , A utho of Mode n H e e fo d The An lican Chu che s r r r r , g r " f H e e fo d The Ma o s o H e e o d o f f &c . r r , y r r r , H E R E FOR D J AKE MAN AND CA RV E R . D E D I CATE D to the Memory of the su pporters of the principle of l - se f government throughout the centuries of the past ; and , in particular , to the Memory of the late Alderman Charles P al ll Anthony , J . and his Municip Co eagues and successors , wh o by their marvellous achievements and noble devotion have laid the foundations of OD O M ERN HEREF RD , upon which the happiness and prosperity of the citizens is now being built . ~ 157569 3 I NTROD UCTI ON . The City of the Wye is a very ancient place ; and the centre of a district of which our knowledge dates back t o the days of J ulius Caesar ; or about fifty years before the birth of Jesus Christ . It was known to the old Britons as erf aw d d Ca y , which means the town of the beechwood ; 6 6 and in the year 7 , the date of the foundation of the bishop k n ric, the name was changed to Hereford , by which it is now to this day . -
MEDIEVAL STONE WINDOW TRACERY This Fragment of Window Tracery (Ornamental Stonework) Is Made from Sandstone
SOURCE 2 MEDIEVAL STONE WINDOW TRACERY This fragment of window tracery (ornamental stonework) is made from sandstone. It filled the space over an arch. It is kept in our archaeological store at Wrest Park. This dragon carving is probably from the 13th century. William de Valence took ownership of Goodrich Castle in 1247, on his marriage to Joan, the heiress of William Marshal 1st earl of Pembroke. The coat of arms of the Earls of Pembroke was the red dragon. SOURCE 3 ‘Item 10 shillings 6 pence in procuring 3 carts to transport the mistress’s property by road. Item 6 pence for a horse to carry the mistress’s money by road. Item 2 shillings, 5 pence for 8 horses and 4 carters, loaned by abbot of Gloucester and the abbot of Nutley for transporting the mistress’s property by road, staying a night across the river Wye, unable to get across. Item 3 shillings and 6 pence for the 4-horse cart of the abbot of Nutley, taking 3 days to return from Goodrich Castle to Nutley… Item 16 pence to John the baker for 8 days travelling from Exning to Goodrich Castle to bake bread there before the mistress’s arrival… 1 penny for a lock for the door of the building where the horses’ feed is kept. 6 pence for buying a storm lantern for the kitchen window. 4 pounds, 5 shillings and 6 pence for 114 pounds of wax bought at Monmouth… 8 pence for making surplices for the mistress’s chapel, 18 pence to the chaplain for making wax tapers for the chapel. -
DRAFT NDP 16Th January 2015
ALMELEY DRAFT PARISH NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN 2015-2031 ALMELEY PARISH – THE FUTURE VIEW OF AN AREA OF OUTSTANDING NATURAL BEAUTY, ALMELEY. ©Almeley Parish Council 2015. 1 Foreword In 2011, the Government decided that local communities should be closely involved in decisions which affect them, and the Localism Act was placed on the Statute Book. This introduced the concept of Neighbourhood Development Plans, allowing local communities to influence new development in their area. At a public meeting In September 2012 Almeley Parish Council resolved to produce a Neighbourhood Development Plan with the aim of identifying a vision for the parish for the Plan period 2013-2031. Once made, the Plan becomes part of Herefordshire District Council’s planning framework which informs and controls the local planning authority’s decisions. The Plan will have legal status. A Steering Group was established, the purpose of which was to design a questionnaire. Residents were fully informed throughout the process and opinions and ideas invited. Once approved by the Parish Council, the questionnaire was circulated to every adult resident of the parish and 167 responses were submitted to the Parish Council. The results of the questionnaire were analysed and during a series of meetings with residents a wide range of issues emerged that will influence the wellbeing of residents and contribute towards the long-term preservation of this rural community. Development of the Plan followed analysis of the questionnaire which was refined by an advisory group, working with the Parish Council. Every effort was made by the Advisory Group to ensure that the Plan reflects the views of the majority of Almeley residents. -
Enhancing the Home Automation Experience
Enhancing the home automation experience When it comes selecting the appropriate CMOS image sensor for a home automation IoT device what do you need to take into account? Radhika Arora explains ensors are at the heart of the are called zoom lenses, those with the lens, and the focal length of the Internet of Things (IoT) Ixed focal length are prime lenses. lens. Larger aperture (smaller f- revolution and most Within Ixed focal length, lenses of number) results in a shallower DOF. Sapplications will deploy multiple shorter focal length are called wide- Closer focus distance results in a sensors including an image sensor. angle lenses (14 to 35mm, 114 to shallower DOF, which is appropriate for The more compelling home automation 64°). Longer-focal-length lenses are artistic imaging. It focuses on the products tend to deploy cameras referred to as long-focus lenses subject at hand and dims out the which are commonly based around a (85mm to >300mm, 30° to <1° FOV) background, highlighting the main CMOS image sensor and this, coupled and are used to magnify distant object. For a given f-number, increasing with sophisticated computer vision objects. the magniIcation, either by moving the algorithms, look set to become the For example, home security camera closer to the subject or using ‘brains’ of the smart home. cameras which make up a large a lens of greater focal length, Field of View (FOV) is what is visible portion of the IoT typically have wide decreases the DOF; decreasing through the camera at a particular angle Ixed focal length lenses with magniIcation increases DOF. -
Gloucester Castle
Gloucestershire Archives Take One Castle Gloucester Castle A castle was built at Gloucester soon after the Norman Conquest. The man responsible was William FitzOsbern who ordered that 16 houses were to be demolished to make way for it. This first castle - probably a ringwork with timber palisade - was seemingly located inside the walls in the south-west corner of the town. It was placed in the custody of the sheriff of the county, Roger of Gloucester and by the late 1000s, was strengthened and enlarged by William II who demolished 8 more houses, adding a motte (probably with tower and wall) that was seemingly built over the old Roman wall. Sometime before 1112, Walter of Gloucester had started work on a new castle to the west of the first, overlooking the Severn. This castle seems to have been built of stone from the start and was probably completed by 1143, when the original castle was referred to as ‘the old castle’. The new castle reached its greatest extent by the mid-1200s by which time it covered over 3 hectares (8 acres) and had excellent defences. Outside of the curtain walls, the castle was defended on the west by the Severn and on the other sides by moats, mostly a double line of ditches. The curtain wall itself included towers and turrets with a tall tower over the inner gatehouse on the north-east. The only known drawing of Gloucester Castle; a sketch of the Keep made in the 1300s (Courtesy British Museum MS. Royal 13A. iii, f.82) Within the curtain wall were four baileys, a vineyard and herb garden. -
Manuscript: “Sanctifying Rites in Milton's a Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634”
Manuscript: “Sanctifying rites in Milton’s A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634”1 Published in Christianity & Literature 2019, Vol. 68(2) 193–212 Reading Stanley Fish’s chapters on Comus in How Milton Works is a hermeneutical challenge not unlike reading Milton himself. Fish’s picture of the Lady is the crux of his approach, and it is a picture whose edges seem to shift depending on the reader’s stance. This may be intentional, a portrayal of the “double perspective” which for Fish is the poem’s basic narrative technique: “The form of these questions is ‘either-or,’ but the answer in every case is ‘both-and’: the earth is both a pinfold and a gem, depending on whether you are tied to it by ‘low-thoughted care’ or live, at least in sprit, in ‘Regions mild of calm and serene Air’ (6, 4).”2 As such, misreading Fish may be identical to misreading Milton.3 So that the reader may judge, I want to begin by briefly developing what I understand to be Fish’s argument. Picking up at the point where Comus has immobilized the Lady and left her with nothing by way of outside support, Fish writes: “Yet, as it turns out, she is left with everything— everything that matters. This is what is meant when she says to Comus, ‘Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind’ (663), or, in other words, ‘All of this—my weakness, your strength, the entire situation as it seems to be—is beside the point. I may be imprisoned in every sense you can conceive, but in truth I am free.’”4 What primarily matters is how one inhabits Nature and the natural self; “Temperance, then, is a positive and liberating action” and Nature’s value “is a function of your relationship to it—a prison if you allow yourself to be confined within its 1 I am grateful to David Aers, Matthew Smith, and the anonymous readers and editorial staff of Christianity and Literature for their helpful input on earlier drafts of this essay.