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01•Rapport Sri Lanka Fr.Indd

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01•Rapport Sri Lanka Fr.Indd SRI LANKA Neuf recommandations pour améliorer la situation de la liberté de la presse Juillet 2004 Reporters sans frontières Secrétariat international Bureau Asie - Pacifi que 5, rue Geoffroy Marie 75009 Paris-France Tél. (33) 1 44 83 84 70 Fax (33) 1 45 23 11 51 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.rsf.org Quelques mois avant d’être assassiné, le 31 le pays traverse une période délicate. Des mai 2004, Aiyathurai Nadesan, correspon- craintes sont apparues sur les chances de dant à Batticaloa (est de l’île) de plusieurs maintenir le cessez-le-feu signé avec le médias tamouls et lauréat du prix 2000 du mouvement des Tigres tamouls. meilleur journaliste tamoul, avait déclaré à Reporters sans frontières : «Nous sommes Lors d’une mission d’enquête au Sri Lanka toujours pris entre plusieurs feux. Il est très au début de l’année 2004, Reporters sans dur de vérifi er nos informations auprès des frontières a interviewé des dizaines de forces de sécurité et des Tigres tamouls. Et journalistes. La plupart ont exprimé leurs quand un article sur l’actualité locale est craintes et leurs frustrations face à une si- publié depuis Colombo, nous risquons des tuation beaucoup trop volatile pour affi r- représailles sur le terrain.» Ses déclara- mer que la liberté de la presse est garantie tions témoignaient des conditions de travail dans le pays. diffi ciles des journalistes au Sri Lanka. Près de cent jours après sa formation, Re- la presse porters sans frontières a souhaité adres- ser au nouveau gouvernement du premier ministre Mahinda Rajapakse et à la prési- dente Chandrika Kumaratunga une série de recommandations qui pourraient aider à améliorer durablement la liberté de la pres- se au Sri Lanka. L’organisation tente ainsi de relayer les attentes des journalistes sri lankais, notamment des correspondants en province. Reporters sans frontières souhaite également que la communauté internatio- nale, notamment le gouvernement norvé- gien, en charge de garantir le cessez-le-feu actuel, s’engage davantage pour assurer la sécurité et la liberté des journalistes. Le LTTE doit également changer d’attitude Aiyathurai Nadesan, assassiné le 31 mai 2004 vis-à-vis des médias pour que la presse en tamoul puisse travailler dans de meilleures Les circonstances de l’assassinat de Aiya- conditions de sécurité et de liberté. thurai Nadesan, le premier journaliste tué depuis octobre 2000, sont troublantes et Enfi n, l’organisation souhaitait adresser pourraient mettre en péril le fragile cessez- une recommandation à certains titres de la le-feu signé fi n 2001. En effet, les collègues presse sri lankaise qui exploitent parfois les et la famille du journaliste suspectent des tensions ethniques et politiques au risque hommes fi dèles au chef de guerre tamoul d’attiser la haine. Karuna d’être les auteurs de ce meurtre. Et le ministre des Médias a récemment recon- 1. LUTTER CONTRE L’IMPUNITÉ nu que des membres de l’armée sri lankaise avait aidé le groupe de Karuna, sécession- niste du mouvement des Tigres tamouls L’absence d’enquête sérieuse et de procès (LTTE). Ces derniers exploitent d’ailleurs dans les assassinats ou les agressions de ces connivences entre les hommes de Ka- journalistes a considérablement décrédibi- runa et l’armée pour revenir sur leurs en- lisé l’action de l’Etat en faveur de la liberté gagements dans le processus de paix. de la presse. Les auteurs et les comman- ditaires des assassinats des journalistes Reporters sans frontières redoute que les Myilvaganam Nimalarajan, Aiyathurai tensions actuelles replongent le pays dans Nadesan, Rohana Kumara, Nadarajah la guerre. Cet échec conduirait, sans nul Atputharajah et Anthony Mariyanaya- doute, à de nouvelles violations très graves gam survenus au cours des quatre derniè- de la liberté de la presse. res années, n’ont jamais été jugés. Repor- ters sans frontières a maintes fois dénoncé Depuis la victoire, en avril dernier, de l’Al- ce climat d’impunité. Il est urgent pour le liance pour la liberté du peuple (United gouvernement d’agir. People’s Freedom Alliance, UPFA) dirigée par la présidente Chandrika Kumaratunga, Neuf recommendations pour améliorer la situation de liberté SRI LANKA 2 Dans le cas de Aiyathurai Nadesan, corres- l’impunité qui perdure dans l’assassinat pondant du quotidien en tamoul Virakesa- de Myilvaganam Nimalarajan, correspon- ri et de la radio en tamoul IBC, Reporters dant de la BBC World Service et de médias sans frontières redoute que le gouverne- tamouls à Jaffna. Malgré les efforts répé- ment n’engage pas les moyens suffi sants tés du juge en charge de l’affaire et, à cer- pour identifi er les auteurs et les faire juger. tains moments, de la police, les auteurs et Certains journaux sri lankais ont fait re- les commanditaires n’ont jamais été jugés. marquer qu’aucun ministre n’a condamné L’incapacité ou le manque de volonté de la publiquement le meurtre du journaliste. police pour fi naliser son enquête et réunir Cela augure mal de l’attitude de la police les preuves matérielles sont désormais in- dans cette affaire. A l’opposé, les mouve- contestables. ments tamouls, notamment le LTTE, mobi- lisent très largement autour de ce crime et Dans le cas de Rohana Kumara, directeur celui d’autres personnalités de l’est de l’île. de l’hebdomadaire en cingalais Satana (La Dans un communiqué, le LTTE a affi rmé : Bataille), Reporters sans frontières a dé- la presse «L’assassinat d’intellectuels, de journalistes montré dans un rapport publié en mars et d’amis du peuple tamoul est abominable. dernier que l’Etat a engagé des moyens im- (…) Ces actions vont sûrement conduire portants pour empêcher que la lumière soit le peuple de cette île vers une période de faite et protéger des commanditaires visi- calamité et de destruction.» Le 26 juin, le blement haut placés. Certains témoins et site d’information tamilnet.com a affi rmé suspects ont été à leur tour éliminés. L’orga- que les «assassins de Nadesan ont été vus nisation reste convaincue que des membres à Batticaloa en pleine journée. Personne ou des hommes proches de la Division de n’ose témoigner contre eux car ils sont pro- la sécurité présidentielle (Presidential Se- tégés par les services secrets militaires». curity Division, PSD) sont impliqués dans cet assassinat perpétré en septembre 1999 et d’autres attaques contre des journalistes. Reporters sans frontières demande la créa- tion d’une Cellule spéciale d’investigation in- dépendante pour relancer, avec le soutien de la communauté internationale, les enquêtes sur les crimes de journalistes. L’organisation souhaite que le Département d’investigation criminelle (CID), l’armée et le bureau du pro- cureur collaborent pleinement pour faire la lumière sur ces assassinats qui restent tous impunis. 2. FAIRE CESSER LES MENACES Au Sri Lanka, les assassinats de journalis- tes ont presque toujours été précédés de menaces directes de mort. Depuis le début Manifestation de journalistes après de l’année 2003, Reporters sans frontières le meurtre de Nimalarajan en 2000 a recensé une augmentation sensible du Selon l’analyse d’un responsable du FMM nombre d’intimidations. Pendant la campa- (organisation sri lankaise de journalistes), gne électorale, des journalistes ont été pris les assassinats d’opposants à Karuna, no- à partie par des dirigeants ou des militants tamment Aiyathurai Nadesan, auraient été de partis en campagne, notamment le Jana- possibles grâce à une protection accordée tha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) aujourd’hui par l’armée. membre de l’Alliance au pouvoir. Reporters sans frontières redoute que l’im- Le 3 mai, Journée internationale de la li- punité dans l’assassinat de Aiyathurai Na- berté de la presse, des policiers ont per- desan n’ait des conséquences très graves quisitionné dans des conditions douteuses pour l’avenir du pays. le domicile de D. Sivaram, responsable du site d’information tamilnet.com, réputé pour L’organisation a maintes fois dénoncé dénoncer les abus des forces de sécurité. La SRI LANKA Neuf recommendations pour améliorer la situation de liberté 3 police affi rme avoir retrouvé des explosifs domicile et sentaient l’étau se resserrer sur chez le journaliste. D. Sivaram, également eux. Malgré les menaces, ils avaient parti- collaborateur régulier du service en tamoul cipé à l’organisation des funérailles de leur de la BBC World Service, affi rme avoir reçu confrère Nadesan. Ils affi rment que leur des menaces à la même période : «Je ne vie est en danger car les fi dèles du chef de compte pas abandonner mon travail d’in- guerre tamoul Karuna ont créé de véritables formation, mais je redoute les actions des commandos de la mort chargés d’éliminer groupes paramilitaires. Le gouvernement des cadres du LTTE et ceux qui les soutien- doit faire son travail et garantir notre sé- nent. Les associations locales de journalis- curité.» tes ont exprimé leur vive préoccupation. Et les services en tamoul et en cingalais de la BBC ont cessé de diffuser des reportages préparés par les correspondants dans l’Est. Par peur des représailles. la presse Depuis le 25 juin, Thanthiyan Vedanaya- gam, correspondant du quotidien en ta- moul Thinakural à Batticaloa, vit caché. Il a publié un compte rendu de la conférence de presse d’une ancienne fi dèle du chef de guerre Karuna qui affi rme avoir été proté- gée par l’armée. Les intimidations existent également dans le Nord. En novembre dernier, un offi cier des services secrets a interpellé Velupillai Sivaram «Taraki», fondateur du Thavachelvam du quotidien en tamoul Vi- site d’information tamilnet.com rakesari. Avant de le relâcher, il l’a menacé de la sorte : «Des gens comme toi ont eu beaucoup de liberté sous le gouvernement Certains journalistes ont affi rmé à Repor- de Ranil (…) mais maintenant la Prési- ters sans frontières que des groupes armés dente dirige, et nous pouvons faire ce que comptaient se venger de la couverture par nous voulons.» Début 2004, un journaliste tamilnet.com des élections et de la récente du quotidien en tamoul Eelanadu a reçu une sécession du groupe dirigé par Karuna.
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