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Bloomington, IN Permit No. 171 Preserving the Past for Future Generations Newsletter of the Monroe County Historical Society, Inc.

31st31st AnnualAnnual GarageGarage SaleSale Extravaganza!Extravaganza! Our June garage sale is known not only as the largest in Monroe County (at 22,000 Monroe County sq. ft.) but as a source of high-quality merchandise. Historical Society’s April, 2012 We are currently accepting donations for the sale, and we accept them year round! Monroe County Vo l . 2 01 2 I ss ue 2 If you are donating items for this year’s sale we will need them by June 5th. If you Historian want to deliver them, you have two choices: from May 14-June 5, you can deliver Monroe County items to the site of the sale between 10am and 2pm, or you can bring items to the April 2012 History Center from 10am-4pm, Tuesday-Saturday. You can’t deliver them? We will History Center pick them up from you at your convenience. Donations are eligible for tax-

Vol. 2012 Issue 2 deduction. Sorry, we cannot use clothing, outdated computers or TVs, broken furni- Museum ture, mattresss or non-working appliances. We can sell almost everything else, even Society established 1905 Genealogy Library cars! Museum established 1980 Museum Gift Store The sale will take place as usual in the former RCA warehouse behind Cook Pharmi-

For subscription Educational Facility ca, our generous host. Please come enjoy the sale as a donor, volunteer, or buyer. information The sale kicks off on Friday, June 8, from 8am to 4pm and continues Saturday, contact the History Center June 9, from 8am to 2:30pm. Monroe County History Center at 202 East Sixth Street This year we have some wonderful antiques, furniture, jewelry, art work, a sail 812-332-2517, or Membership Form Bloomington, IN 47408 boat, and a number of other amazing items! You won’t want to miss this sale! Call monroehistory.org 812-332-2517 with questions. Please write your information as you would like it to appear. 812-332-2517 Method of Payment www.monroehistory.org Hours □ Visa □ MasterCard □ Check Tuesday — Saturday Annual Membership Levels

□ Student/Teacher $20 10am — 4pm ______Last year’s first Gayle Cook Junior Historian Summer Camp was received so positively □ Basic $35 Credit Card # Museum Admission by the community and the attendees that we are holding it again this summer. □ Family $60 □ Sustaining $100 Adult — $2 The first week (June 4th-8th) is titled Monroe County Nature Quest. We will explore April Cemetery of the Month: □ Patron $500 ______Child (6-17 yrs.) — $1 how pioneers and Native Americans used nature to their advantage, as well as how we Pleasant View, A monument in the Expiration Date CVV Number presently use nature on a regular basis. Some of the activities for this week will include cemetery, located at 7700 Anderson 5 yrs. & Under — Free Road. The gravestone is for two Corporate - Service Organizations gardening, plant dissection, fossil cookies, and nature dioramas. brothers who died in 1919 in their □ Exhibit Supporter $100 ______Members — Free The second week (July 23rd-27th) is titled Archaeology Adventures. We will learn about twenties; apparently one or both □ Gallery Benefactor $250 Signature the entire process of archaeology, beginning with choosing a site, doing excavation, put- served in World War I. □ History Patron $500 Issue Highlights ting the pieces together, and adding the items to a museum’s collection. The crafts and □ Monroe County History Maker $1000 2 - Events Calendar ______2 - Events Calendar activities this week will include excavating, puzzle piecing, drying fruit, and a special Print Name 3 - Message from the tour of our collections department. Check if you are interested in: Board President The third week (August 6th-10th) is titled Family History Mysteries. Attendees can □ Volunteering ______□ Genealogy 4 - research the past of either the camper’s own family (if native to Monroe County) or an

□ Civil War History assigned family. We will learn about how to research, records and methods that are 5 - Dance Standards and □ Planned Giving ______Voting Precincts available, how to create family trees, and how these histories and stories were passed down. To better experience these lessons, some of the activities we have planned include Address 6 - What’s Happening May Cemetery of the Month: Send to: family tree creations, story quilts, recipe book arrangements, and cemetery exploration. Monroe County History Center 7 - Blue Springs Talk Brummett’s Creek, located on E ______During each camp week, the entire group will take a field trip to a specified location to Fleener Road between Birdie Galyan 202 East Sixth Street 8 - Membership Form Phone better expand upon the week’s topics. This camp is a one of a kind opportunity for Road and N Brummetts Creek Road, Bloomington, IN 47408 Benton Township. children to learn about their own backyards. Historian Staff Cover painting by Dorothy Bain, courtesy ______Editor: Diane Ballard Registration begins 4/2/12; call 812-332-2517, ext. 3, or visit www.monroehistory.org of the Arthur Clark Estate, from the E-mail Design: Hillary Detty for more information or to register. MCHC Collection Copywriter: Cory Burger Monroe County Historian P a g e 2 Monroe County Historian P a g e 7 A p r i l 2 0 1 2 A p r i l 2 0 1 2 Blue Spring Community Talk at Lawrence County Museum Calendar of Events Submitted by Randi Richardson All events held at the History Center unless otherwise stated. The Lawrence County Museum of History and Edward L. Hutton Research Library holds a meeting April  SAT 14th—WFHB presents  TUES 8th– Civil War at 6:30 p.m., followed by a speaker program at 7:00 p.m., on the second Monday of each month at Saturday’s Child, 10:00am- Roundtable , 7:00pm 929 15th Street, Bedford, . All meetings are free and open to the public. On 9 April 2012,  FRI 6th– Exhibit Opening 1:00pm  THUR 10th– Board Meeting,  THUR 19th– Bloomington 4:30pm Dawn Bakken, Associate Editor of the Indiana Magazine of History, will give a talk on “The Owenite Reception for Garden Glam- Community of Blue Spring,” which was located in Monroe County. our: A Floral Fashion Frenzy. Classic Guitar Concert,  SAT 12th—WFHB presents 7:30pm Saturday’s Child, 10:00am- While you are here, make Continued from Page 4 Continued from Page 5 your own flower (materials 1:00pm provided) 5:00pm-8:00pm May  THUR 17th—3rd Thursday per account relates:  THUR 12th– Board Meeting, Series, 7:00pm “He [McFarland] said he was in the hands of the No. 1—McNeely Barber Shop.  SAT 19th– Bloomington men for two hours and that several times he was asked if 4:30pm  WED 2nd– Genealogy Group, No. 2—Town Hall.  THUR 12th– Annual Mem- 2:00pm Classic Guitar Concert, he would deed back the land to Mr. Snoddy. When he re- Van Buren Township. bership Meeting, 5:30pm  SUN 6th– Historic Preserva- 5:30pm plied that he could not, as it was in his sister’s name, they  TUES 10th - Civil War tion Association Reception, would resume their torture. He claims that after the whip- No. 1—Kirby School House. ping, one of the men stepped in front of him and, shaking Roundtable, 7:00pm 3:00pm-5:00pm his fist in his face, said ‘Now will you deed back the farm to No. 2—Harmony School House. Tobe Snoddy.’ McFarland alleges that he finally agreed to Perry Township. have his sister deed back the farm if she would do so. On Current & Upcoming Exhibits this promise he was released.” No. 1—Clarence Ison, 508 west No. Howe street. Also available at www.monroehistory.org McFarland and his sister, Martha Jane McFar- No. 2—Dobson residence, south Walnut street. land, identified the assailants, and arrest warrants were No. 3—Victor Netcott residence, 403 east Smith avenue. “What is your quilting story?” Monroe County Preservation Board in the issued. Tobe Snoddy was among those arrested. On May Opens: March 2 Closes: July 31 Community Voices Gallery 15, seven days after the first newspaper article about the No. 4—U. S. Hanna Garage, 828 east Atwater avenue. Opens: May 6 Closes: July 21 case, the Telephone ran a story stating that the deputy The theme for the annual quilt show is No. 5—Whitlow residence, 816 south Lincoln street. The Community Voices Gallery Celebrates prosecutor, Frank Regester, received a threatening letter, “The Quilter’s Story”. We are display- the Monroe County Preservation Board for signed by “The Harmony Regulators,” demanding that he No. 6—Gentry Home, South Rogers street. ing quilts from community members National Preservation Month. The drop prosecution in the case. After a two-week investiga- No. 7—School House, Clear Creek. along with the stories attached to the Preservation Board of Review was tion, a grand jury declined to return indictments, accord- quilts. We have gathered stories about established in 2001 to promote the ing to the Telephone (24 June 1911). No. 8—Sanders School House. where the quilts come from, why they were made, who were they educational, cultural, economic, aesthetic made for and many other fascinating details. Please come see this and general welfare of the public through Nonetheless, the investigation and prosecution No. 9—Charles Townsend residence, 1123 east First street. the preservation and protection of historic continued at the state level, with the direct participation of amazing show of color and memories. No. 10—Water Works School House. or architecturally worthy buildings, Governor Marshall, and in early 1912 the seven whitecap- “Titanic: 100 Years Later” structures, sites, and neighborhoods that pers were tried. Tobe Snoddy was convicted and sentenced 11—Finley School House. Opens: March 8 Closes: May 26 are significant at the local level. to prison. Governor Marshall was jubilant, observing that This exhibit looks at Monroe County’s this was the first successful prosecution of a whitecapping No. 12—Hill’s Grocery, corner Walnut and Hillside. involvement with the sinking of this crime in Indiana. (Evening World, 23, 25, 27, and 29–31 “Garden Glamour: A Floral Fashion Frenzy” No. 13—Hopper residence, 333 south Henderson street. “unsinkable” ship. Monroe County January and 1 February 1912) resident Mr. John Bertram Crafton was a Opens: April 6 Closes: August 25 Salt Creek Township. Whitecapping in Indiana waned during the 1910s. first class passenger on the Titanic and he This exhibit explores The rise of the in that decade saw many No. 1—Knight Ridge School House. was among the hundreds that perished in the flower motif in whitecappers morph into the new organization, helping to the tragic events of that fateful night back functional and Polk Township. make Indiana the nation’s most powerful Klan stronghold. in April, 1912. Mr. Crafton has a headstone decorative accessories No. 1—Blackwell School House. in Rosehill Cemetery. such as hats, gloves, purses, neckties, Sources Consulted No. 2—Allen Creek School House. “Bloomington: Then and Now” scarves, shoes, combs Clear Creek Township. Opens: May 6 Closes: October 27 and jewelry. This exhibit will feature Richard Maxwell Brown, Strain of Violence: Historical Studies The Monroe County Preservation No. 1—Smithville School Gymnasium. pieces that are from of American Violence and Vigilantism (Oxford: Oxford Universi- Board and the Monroe County History ty Press, 1975); Ted Robert Gurr, ed., Violence in America, vol. 2: No. 2—Harrodsburg School House. both the Sage Center is celebrating May as National Protest, Rebellion, Reform (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publica- Collection at Indiana Preservation Month by featuring tions, 1989); “,” accessed at Indian Creek Township. University and the Monroe County History Center. This exhibit Bloomington Fading, and online en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana White Caps, 25 January 2011; will delight visitors of all ages with its beauty and charm. No. 1—Center School House, Kirksville. community dedicated to Blooming- Emma Lou Thornbrough, Indiana in the Civil War Era, 1850– ton’s past by overlaying Bloomington’s 1880 (: Indiana Historical Bureau and Indiana His- torical Society, 1965). current infrastructure through photography. Monroe County Historian P a g e 6 Monroe County Historian P a g e 3 A p r i l 2 0 1 2 A p r i l 2 0 1 2

Thank you New and Renewing Members Message from the President  James & Martha Dawson  Ruel & Shirley Cheatham  Eleanor Baker  Sandy Burke  Kate Cruikshank  Phyllis Schwitzer  The May Agency  John & Ann Warden  Barry & Denise Lessow  Miles & Marjorie Kanne  Nancy Schmidt  Larry & Mary Lou Brown On April 12 at our Annual Meeting we will welcome new Board of Trustee members, elect officers for  Carol Hudson  Vern & Judith Peterson  Phil & Margaret Hathaway  Jeanette Marchant 2012-2013 and celebrate the accomplishments of the past year. Please join us at 5:30 p.m. at our Annual  Kay Reiglein  Justin & Hillary Detty  Denny & Lou Moir  Nat & Patty Hill Meeting.  William & LuAnne Holladay  Herbert Hoover  Gary & Mia Wiggins  John & Polly Tilford I will be passing the gavel and am pleased that Laura Newton has agreed to serve as your President. Laura  Dale Anderson  Mary Stapleton  Robert & Ann Wrenn  Alan & Kitch Somers has served as co-chair of the Personnel Committee for the past few years and has been an active Board  Joe & Joyce Peden  Marcia Cannon  Tony Taylor  Bill & Helen Axsom member. I look forward to working with Laura, the Executive Committee and the Board of Trustees as  David Skirvin  Elizabeth Kehoe  Connie Kitchen  Ruth Slagle Immediate Past President.  Marilyn Bourke  Matt & Sara Wisen  Kimberly Orchenschlager  Bill & Jackie Gilkey We should all be proud of the accomplishments and advancements made in the past few years at the  Anthony & Patty Pizzo  Michael Baise & Lynne Boyle-  Audrey Schmalz  Linda Snow Baise Monroe County History Center. We have a vibrant staff and our volunteers have enriched our endeavors.  Mike & Sherry Sonneborn  David & Lorna Estes  Diane Matacale  Tom Coleman & Pat Williams Our financial health is strong; we will soon be opening our first interactive exhibits, and our second sum-  Susan Bookout  James & Margarete Faber  Norman & Mary Lee Deckard  Rex & April Legler mer Gayle Cook Junior Historian sessions will commence in June.  Gregg Rago & Susan Bright  Marion Sinclair  Mary Beth McCormick  Kem & Mary Hawkins  Mary Alice Veal  John & Linda Whikehart It has been a pleasure to serve as your President during this time of growth. I hope you’ll join us April 12 for our Annual Meeting! See What’s Happening At The Monroe County History Center

To see more pictures from these events, please visit www.monroehistory.org

News from the Library [email protected] News from the Library Compiled by Margaret Elizabeth Hathaway. Penelope Mathiesen and Elizabeth Schlemmer * Cook, William and Cook, Gayle. A Guide to Southern New in the Library Indiana. 1982. A number of audio cassettes have been added to the Gene- alogy Library’s holdings. The majority of these tapes in- * Indiana: Clark, The Premium People. Rand McNally clude interviews from a project completed in the 1970s by Road Map printed by Clark Gas Station: The Premium Monroe County Community Schools Corporation People, 1965. Gift from J. Robert Dodd. Week of Chocolate Fifth Annual Fundraiser Gala (MCCSC) volunteers featuring a variety of local residents

Sundaes on Saturday BEATLEMANIA and a recent oral history project interviewing people who attended the segregated Banneker school in their child- “The Long and Winding Road” * Kellar, James H. An Introduction to the Prehistory of hood. Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1983. The History Center once again held Sundaes on Saturday This event provided a evening of wining and dining, and an Gift from J. Robert Dodd. and it was a wonderful event for all parties involved, the entertaining program about the Beatles presented by Profes- The library’s maps have now been accessioned. The collec- staff, volunteers and attendees. sor Glenn Gass, Provost Professor of Music at Indiana Uni- tion has been reorganized and placed in a new map cabi- net for easier storage and access. Thanks to library volun- versity. * Martin, E. Wainwright. Memoir of Elizabeth Koop Buck. For a mere $2.00 attendees had the opportunity to create teers Leah Bowman and Bob Dodd for their help with this (Contains interviews conducted from 2008 to 2011.) their own sundaes covered with a variety of chocolate top- The evening was a huge success, and was the first ever SOLD project! OUT. We presented a new event, “The Wall of Wine,” which pings. Those present enjoyed live music supplied by the provided guests the opportunity to pay a nominal fee and get Double Dip String Band, the opportunity to try spinning, * Richardson, Randi. Index to Monroe County, Indiana the opportunity to draw a bottle of wine from wine racks, New Items on the Shelves both on a wheel and with a drop spindle, and the chance some bottles being valued at over $150.00. The Silent Auc- Will Records, 1818–1904: Books 1 through 5. 2012. Gift to read about the history of all things chocolate and ice- tion provided a large variety of wonderful items. * Arbutus, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1950, 1959, 1976–77, 1983, from Randi Richardson. 1985, 1989, 1992. Indiana University yearbooks. Gift from cream related. The proceeds from the evening went towards the Experience the Monroe Public Library’s Indiana Room. The event attracted over 300 attendees and will take place History Campaign for installation of interactive exhibits in * Robinson, Jennifer Meta and Hartenfeld, J. A. The again next January. We hope to see you then. the Cook Permanent Gallery. Thank you to all who supported Farmers’ Market Book: Growing Food, Cultivating Com- this remarkable evening. * Arbutus, 2005. Indiana University yearbook. Gift from munity. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007. Monroe County Historian P a g e 4 Monroe County Historian P a g e 5 A p r i l 2 0 1 2 A p r i l 2 0 1 2 Vigilante Justice: Whitecapping in Monroe County IU Girls Raise Dance 1936 Monroe County Voting Precincts Standards in 1913 By Penelope Mathiesen By Lee Ehman By Penelope Mathiesen

After the Civil War, Southern Indiana spawned a their white cap activity from the 1880s through the 1910s. According to the following newspaper clipping, Indiana The following clipping from an unidentified newspaper vigilante justice known as “whitecapping.” Sources vary as The circumstances varied widely. Here is a sample of cases University’s young women took steps in 1913 to clarify provides information on the Monroe County Primary that to the precise beginning date. A Monroe County juror, taken from local newspapers: what was permissible on the dance floor. Some of the was to be held on 5 May 1936: Abram Aley, recalled convicting a white cap named John In May 1888, William Norman of Polk Township dance forms are still recognizable today, but the others Rogers in 1857 (Bloomington Evening World, 1 November was severely whipped by a gang that included his half- may be less well known. The Boston was the original name WHERE TO VOTE IN PRIMARY TOMORROW 1912). Another account points to the 1868 of the brother, Hezekiah Norman. William opposed Hezekiah in for the American waltz, a slower and smoother version of , train robbers and terrorizers of Jackson and a civil suit, which presumably led to the whitecapping. The the Viennese waltz of an earlier period. By contrast, the nearby counties (“Indiana White Caps”; see Sources Con- perpetrators were prosecuted, but in the February 1889 Hesitation Waltz, introduced in the 1910s by Vernon and sulted). After being captured they were lynched by the Irene Castle, was a fast dance performed with a full Here are the official voting places in the various precincts of trial, all defendants were found not guilty. (Bloomington Monroe county for the primary election tomorrow: Jackson County Committee of Vigilance, the first recog- Republican Progress, 16 May 1988; Bloomington Daily measure’s “hesitation” on the standing foot while the mov- nized white cap group in Indiana and perhaps all of the Telephone, 15 and 19 February, 24 September, 18 October, ing foot dragged or was suspended in the air. The one-step Bean Blossom Township. . Long before them, the South Carolina Regu- and two-step were approved, but the “low dip” was appar- 26 November, and 31 December, 1889) lators of 1767–69 foreshadowed the later extra-legal moral ently beyond the pale! No. 1—Charlotte Liford Residence. regulation of poor whites by white caps in Indiana and Sandy Moore, a 25-year-old from Elkinsville, in No. 2—Roy Taylor Barber Shop. Brown County, was flogged in September 1904. His accus- elsewhere. An 1852 Indiana statute authorized formation Bloomington Tele- ers told him “…that any kind of punishment was too good Washington Township. of civilian organizations to apprehend and punish horse phone, 31 October for a man who would whip his wife, disturb religious meet- thieves and other felons. The resulting groups were re- 1913 No. 1—Jack Robinson Store ferred to as “regulators,” the term later interchanged with ings, get drunk and steal.” According to the newspaper Building. account, he confessed to all these charges, except stealing. “whitecappers,” in newspaper accounts. These regulators No. 2—Lawrence Jones (Evening World, 1 September 1904) RULES ON intimidated regular law enforcement officials, who were Residence. DANCING afraid to restrain them. James Sexton, of Brown County, was dragged Marion Township. White males formed secret societies, such as the from his bed and beaten in November 1904. He recognized Jackson County Committee, with the general aim of en- his assailants and threatened suit against them. He be- University girls have No. 1—Honey Creek School forcing morality, aiming their punishments at horse lieved the reason for the whitecapping was that he was adopted a new set of House. resolutions on danc- thieves, alcoholics, adulterers, and persons not providing trying to induce his wife to bring suit against her mother Benton Township. for their families or shirking duties such as public road for possession of land. Further threats against him, and ing to go into effect work. Whitecappers attacked victims at night, wearing demands that he move from the neighborhood, followed in at once. It is request- No. 1—Unionville School white hoods to hide identities. They used lynching, whip- December. (Evening World, 23 November and 1 and 22 ed that the students House. ping, drowning, firearms, and arson, as well as verbal December 1907) restrict themselves Bloomington Township. threats and signs placed on homes. Their costumes and to the waltz, two- In April 1907, near Spencer, John Laymon, a 45- step, Boston No. 1—City Hall. methods were similar to the earliest Ku Klux Klan of the year-old prominent farmer, was shot through the lungs immediate post-Civil War years, but the two movements (without the low No. 2—Votes at 203 south during a whitecapping at his home. The reasons given dip), the hesitation are considered by historians to be separate. Although most were his improper relationship with a woman “of ill re- Rogers. prevalent in the southernmost Indiana counties, the move- waltz and the one- pute” and mistreating his family. (Evening World, 27 and step without [sic] the No. 3—Assessor’s office, ment spread north to include Monroe and surrounding 29 April and 1 May 1907) east side, Court House. counties. It was later taken up during the 1890s in the dip. Southern states, where these extra-legal tactics were used “Towse” Morris of Ellettsville was whitecapped in No. 4—Surveyor’s office, by poor white farmers to intimidate freed blacks as well as May 1907. The gang of six men overcame a sheriff, got the The resolutions fol- west side, Court House. keys to the jail, took Morris out, and whipped him. He had affluent white planters and merchants. low: Unanimous ac- No. 5—Poolitsan Garage, been jailed for gambling, and was known to have consort- tion taken by the [ P] Tenth and Walnut streets. Indiana Governor Isaac Gray first tried to stop ed with a “…notorious married woman of Elletts- whitecapping in 1889. Governors Hovey and Matthews an-Hellenic council of Young Women propose: To better ville.” (Evening World, 16–18 and 21 May 1907) the form of dancing at Indiana University and to establish No. 6—Carpenter’s Barber Shop, corner, Eighth and Rogers followed with stronger measures, but when James Mount streets. came to office he reversed state efforts to suppress the Regulating morality was not the sole motive of a higher social standard among the students [sic]. Re- groups—he had been a white cap himself! Winfield Durbin whitecappers, as seen in the James Sexton case. The se- solved: That the only attitude approved on the dancing No. 7—Earl Murray residence, 723 east Eleventh street. was elected Governor in 1900, and he started a campaign vere beating of Harvey McFarland was announced in the floor shall be the position with the arm extended rather No. 8—John Pool’s residence, dest [sic] Eleventh street. to end the white caps entirely, including an anti-lynching Daily Telephone (8 May 1911): “7 Alleged Whitecappers; than the so called modern position. That all young men No. 9—Elza Robinson residence, 615 east Thirteenth street. law in 1902 and other rigorous measures. During an at- Prominent Men Charged with McFarland Regulating; Vic- who do not know the approved position be requested to tempted lynching in Evansville in 1903, Governor Durbin tim Tells Dramatic Story to the Telephone.” This case also seek information from the authorized leaders. To avoid all No. 10—Arlington School House. involved a land ownership dispute. McFarland purchased, misunderstanding, the following dances are stated as ap- sent in militia, and after being fired upon, the soldiers No. 11—Headley School House. killed one and wounded eleven of the mob. This marked in the name of his sister, a 90-acre Paynetown farm at auc- proved: Waltz, two-step, Boston (without the low dip), the the end of lynching by white caps in Indiana, but their ac- tion occasioned by non-payment of school bond taxes by hesitation waltz and one-step without the dip. It is the No. 12—Benson residence, 1001 north Madison street. its owner, Tobe Snoddy. Snoddy bargained to take back sense of this council that any one not co-operating with tivities persisted, although increasingly law enforcement No. 13—Hershall Black, 309 north Sluss avenue. and the courts upheld the rights of victims. the land but could not come to agreement with McFarland, the above requests, is open to criticism and may be re- following which the whitecapping occurred. The newspa- proved by the authorities. Richland Township. Monroe and surrounding counties had most of Continued on Page 7 Continued on Page 7