Peter HITCHENS, the Rage Against God: How Atheism Led Me to Faith, Michigan, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010, 224 Pp., 16 X 24, ISBN 978-0-310-32031-9

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Peter HITCHENS, the Rage Against God: How Atheism Led Me to Faith, Michigan, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010, 224 Pp., 16 X 24, ISBN 978-0-310-32031-9 12. Reseñas 2/3/12 18:04 Página 239 RESEÑAS Luego, el diálogo se enfoca sobre el ac- tencia del diablo; la resurrección de los to de fe del que explica su racionalidad, y muertos y el juicio universal. Y este diálo- desde ahí aborda el tema de los milagros, go no podía concluir sin una reflexión so- especialmente la Resurrección de Jesús, po- bre el «Amén», la última palabra de la Pro- niendo énfasis en que la teología liberal los fesión de fe. niega porque de entrada ya ha rechazado Estamos ante una estupenda obra, que todo fundamento sobrenatural (pp. 79-95). combina la profundidad con la amenidad, Sigue después un largo coloquio sobre y que aborda tópicos complicados para el Jesús de Nazaret (pp. 97-153), que toca la hombre de hoy, tanto creyente como no historicidad de los Evangelios, la impor- creyente. Junto con la sencillez narrativa, tancia (relativa) de los hallazgos de Qum- hay una gran riqueza de contenido, ya que ran, las objeciones racionalistas a la Con- a lo largo de las páginas entran al diálogo cepción virginal de María y a la aparición autores importantes como Marx, Engels, de un grupo de ángeles a unos pastores con Goethe, Pascal, Kierkegaard, Camus y sin motivo del Nacimiento del Salvador, así nombrarlos Lutero y Bultmann; en reali- como también las discusiones sobre su Pa- dad, son mencionados tantos más que se sión, Muerte, Resurrección y Ascensión a echa en falta un índice onomástico. La uti- los Cielos. lidad de este libro puede ser grande pues, Continúa hablando sobre la Iglesia: su como afirma en el prólogo el teólogo y pe- santidad y sus culpas, y también sobre la riodista Giovanni Gennari (Roma, 1949), comunión de los santos (pp. 155-165). esta entrevista no agota los temas referen- Luego vienen las realidades últimas (pp. tes a la fe, pero los que toca dan «para pen- 167-206): el infierno y su existencia; la sar, para creer o incluso para volver a «realidad incómoda» del pecado para el creer» (p. 22). hombre moderno autónomo y emancipa- do, y su consecuencia: la muerte; la exis- Luis-Fernando VALDÉS Peter HITCHENS, The Rage Against God: How Atheism Led me to Faith, Michigan, Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010, 224 pp., 16 x 24, ISBN 978-0-310-32031-9. El libro The Rage Against God: How de estos. En esta obra, de lectura ágil, el Atheism Led me to Faith (La Ira contra Dios: autor esgrime un argumento que, a su vez, como el ateísmo me condujo a la fe), de Peter es una fuerte crítica contra los pensadores Hitchens, ofrece un argumento más bien ilustrados o de la izquierda que siguen poco aducido en la apologética cristiana: aferrados a la ideología socialista (comu- el colapso de la sociedad comunista en nista), para la cual no existe Dios y el Rusia constituye un argumento indirecto hombre debe construir su paraíso aquí en en favor de la fe en Dios. La creencia en la tierra. Pero no sólo esto, sino que el es- Dios se apoya frecuentemente en argu- tado, el que sustituye a Dios, tiene que mentos sobre la naturaleza, la causalidad, erradicar la fe en Dios, sobre todo la de la conciencia, los milagros, o un conjunto los niños. SCRIPTA THEOLOGICA / VOL. 44 / 2012 239 12. Reseñas 2/3/12 18:04 Página 240 RESEÑAS Hitchens es un periodista británico, 2) se puede conocer el bien (lo bueno) sin autor de varios libros, entre ellos TheAboli- referencia a Dios; y 3) el ateísmo, por me- tion of Britain (1999) y A Brief History of dio de las ciencias, puede construir un pa- Crime (2003). Además de sus propios meri- raíso aquí en la tierra. tos es conocido por ser hermano de Chris- En las últimas páginas del libro, el autor topher Hitchens, el promotor acérrimo de critica fuertemente la idea de su hermano, un ateísmo anti-cristiano. Peter dedica la quien sostuvo, como otros, que la revolu- primer parte del libro a recontar su vida a ción bolchevique pudo haber tenido éxito, grandes rasgos y a dibujar una imagen de y que Trotsky fue un gran hombre que con- su patria y de los cambios espirituales y re- siguió importantes logros sociales. Para ligiosos que sufrió a lo largo del siglo XX. Cristopher Hitchens y otros, el mayor lo- Se centra en describir la marcada pérdida gro de Trotsky y otros revolucionarios fue de fe y de religiosidad, la cual relaciona con el de erradicar la idea de Dios del pueblo y, las consecuencias de las dos guerras mun- especialmente, el de evitar que los niños re- diales (si bien es cierto que ambas tuvieron cibieran este envenenamiento. Hoy en día efectos en este sentido, el autor deja de algunos como Richard Dawkins opinan mencionar que, ya desde mediados del si- que la enseñanza religiosa constituye un glo XIX y antes, hubo una creciente pérdi- abuso hacia los niños. Hitchens, quien por da de fe y de la práctica de la religión en In- tres años fue corresponsal en Rusia, piensa, glaterra). Hitchens explica el culto que se a diferencia de otros como su hermano, que dio a Winston Churchill, con la correspon- Lenin y luego Stalin destruyeron el cristia- diente confusión entre patriotismo y fe, nismo en Rusia mediante la violencia y pro- además de la desilusión que el país experi- gramas deliberadamente ejecutados para mentó después de ambas guerras. Según él, adoctrinar al pueblo. Peter Hitchens fue la Iglesia Anglicana apoyó la decisión de lu- ateo en su juventud y comenzó un proceso char en estas contiendas, que conllevaron de conversión a raíz de ver el cuadro del grandes pérdidas de vidas humanas. Juicio Final de Roger van der Weyden. La segunda parte del libro responde Cuando fue a vivir a Rusia, ya había reco- más propiamente al titulo del libro, el cual brado la fe en Dios, pero su estancia en esta podría llevar otro subtítulo: Cómo el comu- nación, marcada por el poder de las mafias nismo soviético me condujo a la fe cristiana. y un alto índice de alcoholismo, confirmó Hitchens repite, de diversas maneras, la te- en su mente el error de uno de los princi- sis de que la izquierda intelectual de Euro- pales argumentos de los ateos, a saber, que pa y de los EE.UU. ha sido hostil hacia el el hombre puede construir por sí mismo un cristianismo, apoyando de modo ingenuo paraíso sin Dios. El comunismo en Rusia, la difusión del Islam, que aumenta de ma- que destruyó al cristianismo, también des- nera marcada en Europa, y que atenta con- truyó al hombre y a la sociedad. tra las libertades que en sus torres de mar- Este libro, sin pretender ser en lo más fil ellos disfrutan. El autor afirma que el mínimo un libro de teología, presenta efi- comunismo no ha cesado y que el pensa- cazmente la crítica al ateísmo ya vislum- miento social-comunista continúa vivo en brada por Dostoievsky, para quien el hom- los pensadores de izquierdas. En esta parte bre sin Dios deja de ser moral. Los del libro se señalan tres argumentos falli- argumentos son más bien de carácter mo- dos de los ateos de izquierda, a quienes de- ral e históricos. El libro adolece un poco de nomina frecuentemente anti-teístas. Estos una falta de perspectiva histórica de más son: 1) Las religiones (concretamente la siglos, por ejemplo, del siglo de la Ilustra- cristiana) han sido la causa de las guerras; ción francesa y del desarrollo de algunas de 240 SCRIPTA THEOLOGICA / VOL. 44 / 2012 12. Reseñas 2/3/12 18:04 Página 241 RESEÑAS las ideas expresadas, especialmente de los ideas expuestas, hace que este libro ofrezca argumentos en la segunda parte del libro. una crítica valiosa al ateísmo contemporá- Sin embargo, el realismo del libro, el co- neo de pensadores de izquierdas. nocimiento de primera mano del comunis- mo ateo y del ateísmo, y la fuerza de las Juan Rodrigo VÉLEZ Jean-Miguel GARRIGUES, La Saint-Esprit sceau de la Trinité. Le Filioque et l’originalité trinitaire de l’Esprit dans sa personne et dans sa mission, Paris: Cerf, 2011, 245 pp., 13,5 x 21,5, ISBN 978-2-204-09384-2. El libro es una recolección de artículos se pueden reducir a tres: a) La fontalidad del publicados en Irenikon, Nouvelle Revue Padre; 2) El orden trinitario; 3) La pericho- Théologique, Revue Thomiste y Scripta Theo- resis. En el fondo, Garigues va buscando logica. Tienen todos estos artículos en co- «clarificar», o mejor, explicitar aún más qué mún el tratar del Espíritu Santo. El hilo entiende la Clarificatio con el verbo «carac- conductor que da unidad a la gran variedad terizar» cuando utiliza frases como esta: de temas que se abordan y que van desde el «De igual forma que el Padre está caracteri- comentario a la Clarificatio romana de 1995 zado como Padre por el Hijo que Él engen- y la reciprocidad trinitaria del Espíritu con dra, también el Espíritu, que recibe su ori- el Padre y el Hijo, hasta la cristología y la gen del Padre, lo caracteriza de manera pneumatología del Vaticano II, es la pro- trinitaria en su relación al Hijo y caracteriza fundización en la cuestión del Filioque si- de manera trinitaria el Hijo en su relación al guiendo el planteamiento ya iniciado por Padre: en la plenitud del misterio trinitario la Clarificatio. Y aquí, en las ponderadas re- ellos son Padre e Hijo en el Espíritu Santo». flexiones sobre la Clarificatio, radica el ma- El verbo «caracterizar» ha sido elegido yor interés de este libro que el Autor cali- en la Clarificatio con sumo cuidado para fica como un «estudio de las exigencias mostrar al mismo tiempo la importancia trinitarias de una recepción más profunda del ordo trinitarius y la importancia que tie- y equilibrada del Filioque» (p.
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