DOCSLIB.ORG

Kingdoms & Domains

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kingdoms & Domains KINGDOMS & DOMAINS An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth Lynn Margulis University of Massachusetts at Amherst Michael J. Chapman Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO ' SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO ELSEVIER Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier CONTENTS List of Figures xi SUBKINGDOM (DOMAIN) EUBACTERIA 65 List of Tables lix Division Gracilicutes (Gram-negative bacteria) Foreword E. O. Wilson lxi Phylum B-3 Proteobacteria purple bacteria: phototrophs, Foreword to 1st to 3rd editions Stephen Jay Gould lxiii heterotrophs 68 Preface lxvii Azotohacter, Escherichia, Nitrobacter Acknowledgments lxxi Phylum B-4 Spirochaetae helical motile heterotrophs, periplasmic flagella 76 INTRODUCTION 3 Diplocalyx, Spirochaeta, Spirosymplokos Phylum B-5 Bacteroides-Saprospirae gliding fermenters, Box I-i: The wisdom of Darwin and Gould 5 heterotrophs 80 Classification of life, names of organisms • The cell as a Bacteroides, Saprospira, Spowcytophaga unit; the kingdoms of life • Plant or animal? History of the Phylum B-6 Cyanobacteria oxygenic highest taxa • Undulipodia, centrioles, and kinetosomes • photoautotrophs 82 Sex and reproduction • Kingdoms and domain criteria • Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria Viruses Phylum B-7 Chloroflexa gliding nonsulfur oxygen- Box I-ii: Life is growth 19 tolerant photoautotrophs 86 Chloroflexus, Heliothrix, Oscillochbris The Environment 23 Earth history: The geologic record • Seven "ecostrips": Phylum B-8 Chlorobia sulfur oxygen-intolerant photoautotrophs 88 Ecosystems and their habitats • Evolution and taxa • Chlorobium, Chlorochromatium, Chloronema Environmental evolution and Gaia theory • Chapters, Figures and Table Numbers in this book • Bibliography Division Tenericutes (wall-less eubacteria) Phylum B-9 Aphragmabacteria mycoplasmas no SUPERKINGDOM PROKARYA 33 cell walls 90 Origins not by symbiogenesis Acholeplasma, Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma, Wolbachia CHAPTER ONE Division Firmicutes (Gram-positive and protein-walled bacteria) KINGDOM PROKARYOTAE (BACTERIA, Phylum B-10 Endospora low-G+C endospore-forming MONERA, PROKARYA) 35 Gram-positives and relatives 92 Bacillus, Clostridium, Peptococcus Box Prokaryotae-i: Whole organism criteria, not partial Phylum B-11 Pirellulae proteinaceous wall-formers and phytogenies 50 relatives 94 Box Prokaryotae-ii: Two superkingdoms, not three Chlamydia, Gemmata, Planctomyces domains 53 Phylum B-l2 Actinobacteria fungoid multicellular Box Prokaryotae-iii: Modes of multicellularity 55 Gram-positives and relatives 98 Actinomyces, Frankia, Streptomyces SUBKINGDOM (DOMAIN) ARCHAEA 58 Phylum B-13 Deinococci radiation- or heat-resistant Division Mendosicutes (deficient-walled archaebacteria) Gram-positives 100 Phylum B-l Euryarchaeota methanogens and Deinococcus, Thermus halophils 60 Phylum B-14 Thermotogae thermophilic Halobacter, Halococcus, Methanobacterium fermenters 102 Phylum B-2 Crenarchaeota thermoacidophils 62 Aquifex, Fervidobacterium, Thermotoga Pyrobaculum, Pyrodictium, Sulfolobus, Thermoplasma Bibliography 104 vii SUPERKINGDOM EUKARYA 109 Phylum Pr-10 Proteromonadida (III) small mastigotes, intestinal in animals 156 Origins by symbiogenesis Kawtomorpha, Proteromonas Box Eukarya-i: Undulipodia from sulfur syntrophies 110 Phylum Pr-11 Kinetoplastida (III) kinetoplastids, most Box Eukarya-ii: Eukaryosis—Life histories, life cycles 111 symbiotrophic mastigotes 158 Bodo, Crithidia, Trypanosoma CHAPTER TWO Phylum Pr-12 Euglenida (III) euglenids 162 KINGDOM PROTOCTISTA117 Colacium, Euglena, Pemnema Phylum Pr-13 Hemimastigota (III) Gondwanaland Four modes: phyla whose members 119 mastigotes 164 I. Lack both undulipodia and meiotic sex 119 Hemimastix, Spironema II. Lack undulipodia but have meiotic sex 119 III. Have undulipodia but lack meiotic sexual life cycles 119 Phylum Pr-14 Hyphochytriomycota (III) hyphochytrid IV. Have undulipodia and meiotic sexual life cycles 119 water molds 166 Anisolpidium, Hyphochytrium, Rhizidiomyces SUBKINGDOM (Division) AMITOCHONDRIA Phylum Pr-15 Chrysomonada (IV) chrysophytes, Box Pr-i: Symbiogenesis and the origin of organelles 124 golden-yellow algae 168 Box Pr-ii: Mitosomes and hydrogenosomes 127 Chrysosphaerella, Ochromonas, Synura Phylum Pr-1 Archeaprotista (III) motile with no Phylum Pr-16 Xanthophyta (IV) yellow-green algae 172 mitochondria 130 Botrydium, Ophiocytium, Vaucheria Mastigamoeba, Pelomyxa, Staurojoenina, Trichonympha Phylum Pr-17 Phaeophyta (IV) brown algae 174 Ascophyllum, Fucus, Macrocystis SUBKINGDOM (Division) AMOEBAMORPHA Phylum Pr-18 Bacillariophyta (IV) diatoms, silica Phylum Pr-2 Rhizopoda (I) Amostigota, amoebae, tests 176 cellular slime molds 134 Diploneis, Melosira, Thalassiosira Acrasia, Arcella, Dictyostelium, Mayorella Phylum Pr-19 Labyrinthulata (IV) slime nets and Phylum Pr-3 Granuloreticulosa (Foraminifera and thraustochytrids 178 unshelled relatives) (IV) reticulomyxids, foraminifera, Althornia, Aplanochytrium, Labyrinthula chlorarachnids 138 Allogromia, Globigerina, Rotaliella Phylum Pr-20 Plasmodiophora (IV) plasmodiophoran plant symbiotrophs 182 Box Pr-iii: Fossil record insights—Calibration of molecular Ligniera, Plasmodiophora, Sorodiscus clocks to the geologic record 140 Phylum Pr-21 Oomycota (IV) oomycete water molds Phylum Pr-4 Xenophyophora (I) barite skeleton ( = egg molds) 184 deep sea protists 142 Achlya, Phytophthora, Saprolegnia Galatheammina, Psammetta, Reticulammina SUBKINGDOM (Division) ALVEOLATA SUBKINGDOM (Division) ISOKONTA Phylum Pr-5 Dinomastigota (IV) Dinoflagellata, Phylum Pr-22 Amoebomastigota, Heterolobosea (III) Dinophyta 144 amoebomastigotes, heteroloboseans 188 Gonyaulax, Gymnodinium, Peridinium Naegleria, Paratetramitus, Vahlkampfia, Willaertia Phylum Pr-6 Ciliophora (IV) ciliates 146 Phylum Pr-23 Myxomycota (IV) plasmodial slime Gastrostyla, Paramecium, Tetrahymena molds 190 Phylum Pr-7 Apicomplexa (IV) apicomplexan animal- Cercomonas, Echinostelium, Physarum, Stemonitis symbiotrophs 148 Phylum Pr-24 Pseudociliata (III) polyundulipodiated Eimeria, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma animal symbiotrophs 192 SUBKINGDOM (Division) HETEROKONTA Opalina, Stephanopogon, Zelleriella (Stramenopiles) Phylum Pr-25 Haptomonada (III) Prymnesiophyta hap- Phylum Pr-8 Bicosoecida (III) small mastigotes, some tophytes, coccolithophorids 194 form colonies 152 Emiliania, Phaeocystis, Prymnesium Acronema, Cafeteria, Pseudobodo Phylum Pr-26 Cryptomonada (III) cryptomonads, Phylum Pr-9 Jakobida (III) bactivorous mastigotes, some cryptophytes 196 loricate attached to sediment 154 Chilomonas, Cryptomonas, Cyathomonas, Histiona, Jakoba, Reclinomonas Nephroselmis vm Phylum Pr-27 Eustigmatophyta (III) eye-spot Phylum A-4 Coelenterata sea anemones, hydroid- algae 198 medusas 250 Chlorobotrys, Eustigmatos, Vischeria Craspedacusta, Hydra, Physalia Phylum Pr-28 Chlorophyta (IV); green algae, plant Phylum A-5 Ctenophora comb jellies 256 ancestors 200 Beroe, Bolinopsis, Ocryopsis Acetabularia, Chlamydomonas, Volvox SUBKINGDOM (Division) EUMETAZOA (nervous and SUBKINGDOM (Division) AKONTA muscular systems) Phylum Pr-29 Haplospora (II) haplosporan animal Phylum A-6 Gnathostomulida gnathostome worms 260 symbiotrophs 202 Austrognatharia, Gnathostomula, Problognathia Haplosporidium, Minchinia, Urosporidium Phylum A-7 Platyhelminthes flat worms, flukes 262 Phylum Pr-30 Paramyxa (I) cell-inside-cell marine animal Convoluta, Dugesia, Planaria symbiotrophs 204 Phylum A-8 Rhombozoa tiny animal symbiotrophs 264 Marteilia, Paramarteilia, Paramyxa Conocyema, Dicyema, Microcyema Phylum Pr-31 Actinopoda (II) ray animalcules; Phylum A-9 Orthonectida tiny animal symbiotrophs 268 acantharia, heliozoa, radiolaria 206 Ciliocincta, Rhopalura, Stoecharthrum Acanthocystis, Clathrulina, Sticholonche Phylum A-10 Nemertina nemertine worms 270 Phylum Pr-32 Gamophyta (II) conjugating green Cerebratulus, Linens, Prostoma algae 210 Phylum A-11 Nematoda nematode worms 274 Micmsterias, Mougeotia, Zygnema Ascaris, Caenorhabditis, Rhabdias Phylum Pr-33 Rhodophyta (II) red algae 212 Phylum A-12 Nematomorpha nematomorph worms 276 Amphiroa, Bangia, Gracilaria, Porphyra Chordodes, Gordius, Nectonema SUBKINGDOM (Division) OPISTHOKONTA Phylum A-13 Acanthocephala spiny-headed worms 278 Phylum Pr-34 Blastocladiomycota (IV) polyzoosporic Acanthogyrus, Leptorhynchoides, Macracanthorhynchus water molds 216 Phylum A-14 Rotifera rotifers; wheel-animals 282 Allomyces, Blastocladiella Brachionus, Euchlanis, Philodina Phylum Pr-35 Chytridiomycota (IV); undulipodiated Phylum A-15 Kinorhyncha kinorhynch worms 284 water molds, fungal ancestors 218 Catena, Echinoderes, Semnoderes Monobkpharis, Neocallimastix, Polyphagus Phylum A-16 Priapulida priapulid worms 286 Phylum Pr-36 Choanomastigota (III); collared protists, Halicryptus, Priapulus, Tubiluchus animal ancestors 222 Phylum A-17 Gastrotricha gastrotrich worms 288 Dermocystidium, Nuclearia, Salpingoeca Acanthodasys, Macrodasys, Urodasys Bibliography 224 Phylum A-18 Loricifera loriciferans 290 Nanaloricus, Pliciloricus, Rugiloricus CHAPTER THREE Phylum A-19 Entoprocta entoprocts 292 KINGDOM ANIMALIA 231 Barentsia, Loxosoma, Pedkellina Phylum A-20 Chelicerata spider, scorpions, ticks 294 Box A-i: Larval transfer 238 Amblopygis, Ixodes, Scorpio SUBKINGDOM (Division) PLACOZOA (no nerves or Phylum A-21 Mandibulata insects, crustaceans 298 antero-posterior asymmetry) Cambarus Drosophila, Polistes, Pterotermes Phylum A-1 Placozoa free-living marine dorsal-ventral Phylum A-22 Annelida earthworms, polychaete
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular Phylogenetic Position of Hexacontium Pachydermum Jørgensen (Radiolaria)
    Marine Micropaleontology 73 (2009) 129–134 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Micropaleontology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marmicro Molecular phylogenetic position of Hexacontium pachydermum Jørgensen (Radiolaria) Tomoko Yuasa a,⁎, Jane K. Dolven b, Kjell R. Bjørklund b, Shigeki Mayama c, Osamu Takahashi a a Department of Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan b Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway c Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan article info abstract Article history: The taxonomic affiliation of Hexacontium pachydermum Jørgensen, specifically whether it belongs to the Received 9 April 2009 order Spumellarida or the order Entactinarida, is a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we sequenced the Received in revised form 3 August 2009 18S rRNA gene of H. pachydermum and of three spherical spumellarians of Cladococcus viminalis Haeckel, Accepted 7 August 2009 Arachnosphaera myriacantha Haeckel, and Astrosphaera hexagonalis Haeckel. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the spumellarian species of C. viminalis, A. myriacantha, and A. hexagonalis form a Keywords: monophyletic group. Moreover, this clade occupies a sister position to the clade comprising the spongodiscid Radiolaria fi Entactinarida spumellarians, coccodiscid spumellarians, and H. pachydermum. This nding is contrary to the results of Spumellarida morphological studies based on internal spicular morphology, placing H. pachydermum in the order Nassellarida Entactinarida, which had been considered to have a common ancestor shared with the nassellarians. 18S rRNA gene © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Molecular phylogeny. 1. Introduction the order Entactinarida has an inner spicular system homologenous with that of the order Nassellarida.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology Parasitology, Harold W
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of September 2005 Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: S Mary Ann Basinger Maggenti University of California-Davis Armand R. Maggenti University of California, Davis Scott Gardner University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology Part of the Zoology Commons Maggenti, Mary Ann Basinger; Maggenti, Armand R.; and Gardner, Scott, "Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: S" (2005). Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology. 6. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/onlinedictinvertzoology/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Armand R. Maggenti Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology 800 sagittal triact (PORIF) A three-rayed megasclere spicule hav- S ing one ray very unlike others, generally T-shaped. sagittal triradiates (PORIF) Tetraxon spicules with two equal angles and one dissimilar angle. see triradiate(s). sagittate a. [L. sagitta, arrow] Having the shape of an arrow- sabulous, sabulose a. [L. sabulum, sand] Sandy, gritty. head; sagittiform. sac n. [L. saccus, bag] A bladder, pouch or bag-like structure. sagittocysts n. [L. sagitta, arrow; Gr. kystis, bladder] (PLATY: saccate a. [L. saccus, bag] Sac-shaped; gibbous or inflated at Turbellaria) Pointed vesicles with a protrusible rod or nee- one end. dle. saccharobiose n.
    [Show full text]
  • Natura 2000 Sites for Reefs and Submerged Sandbanks Volume II: Northeast Atlantic and North Sea
    Implementation of the EU Habitats Directive Offshore: Natura 2000 sites for reefs and submerged sandbanks Volume II: Northeast Atlantic and North Sea A report by WWF June 2001 Implementation of the EU Habitats Directive Offshore: Natura 2000 sites for reefs and submerged sandbanks A report by WWF based on: "Habitats Directive Implementation in Europe Offshore SACs for reefs" by A. D. Rogers Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK; and "Submerged Sandbanks in European Shelf Waters" by Veligrakis, A., Collins, M.B., Owrid, G. and A. Houghton Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK; commissioned by WWF For information please contact: Dr. Sarah Jones WWF UK Panda House Weyside Park Godalming Surrey GU7 1XR United Kingdom Tel +441483 412522 Fax +441483 426409 Email: [email protected] Cover page photo: Trawling smashes cold water coral reefs P.Buhl-Mortensen, University of Bergen, Norway Prepared by Sabine Christiansen and Sarah Jones IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU HD OFFSHORE REEFS AND SUBMERGED SANDBANKS NE ATLANTIC AND NORTH SEA TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I LIST OF MAPS II LIST OF TABLES III 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REEFS IN THE NORTHEAST ATLANTIC AND THE NORTH SEA (A.D. ROGERS, SOC) 3 2.1 Data inventory 3 2.2 Example cases for the type of information provided (full list see Vol. IV ) 9 2.2.1 "Darwin Mounds" East (UK) 9 2.2.2 Galicia Bank (Spain) 13 2.2.3 Gorringe Ridge (Portugal) 17 2.2.4 La Chapelle Bank (France) 22 2.3 Bibliography reefs 24 2.4 Analysis of Offshore Reefs Inventory (WWF)(overview maps and tables) 31 2.4.1 North Sea 31 2.4.2 UK and Ireland 32 2.4.3 France and Spain 39 2.4.4 Portugal 41 2.4.5 Conclusions 43 3 SUBMERGED SANDBANKS IN EUROPEAN SHELF WATERS (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Insight Into the Lifestyle of Amoeba Willaertia Magna During Bioreactor Growth Using Transcriptomics and Proteomics
    microorganisms Article Insight into the Lifestyle of Amoeba Willaertia magna during Bioreactor Growth Using Transcriptomics and Proteomics Issam Hasni 1,2,3, Philippe Decloquement 1, Sandrine Demanèche 2 , Rayane Mouh Mameri 2, Olivier Abbe 2, Philippe Colson 1,3 and Bernard La Scola 1,3,* 1 Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD 198, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEFI), UM63, 13005 Marseille, France; [email protected] (I.H.); [email protected] (P.D.); [email protected] (P.C.) 2 R&D Department, Amoéba, 69680 Chassieu, France; [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (R.M.M.); [email protected] (O.A.) 3 Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)—Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-4-9132-4375; Fax: +33-4-9138-7772 Received: 5 May 2020; Accepted: 18 May 2020; Published: 21 May 2020 Abstract: Willaertia magna C2c maky is a thermophilic free-living amoeba strain that showed ability to eliminate Legionella pneumophila, a pathogenic bacterium living in the aquatic environment. The amoeba industry has proposed the use of Willaertia magna as a natural biocide to control L. pneumophila proliferation in cooling towers. Here, transcriptomic and proteomic studies were carried out in order to expand knowledge on W. magna produced in a bioreactor. Illumina RNA-seq generated 217 million raw reads. A total of 8790 transcripts were identified, of which 6179 and 5341 were assigned a function through comparisons with National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) reference sequence and the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) databases, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,410,241 B1 Sykes Et Al
    US006410241B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,410,241 B1 Sykes et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 25, 2002 (54) METHODS OF SCREENING OPEN READING Nisson et al., “Rapid and efficient cloning of Alu-PCR FRAMES TO DETERMINE WHETHER THEY products using uracil DNA glycosylase,” PCR Methods ENCODE POLYPEPTIDES WITH AN Appl., 1:120-123, 1991. ABILITY TO GENERATE AN IMMUNE Rashtchian et al., “Uracil DNA glycosylase-mediated clon RESPONSE ing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. Applica tion to genomic and cDNA cloning,” Anal. Biochem, (75) Inventors: Kathryn F. Sykes; Stephen Albert 206:91-97, 1992. Johnston, both of Dallas, TX (US) Switzer et al., “Rapid Screening of open reading frames by (73) Assignee: Board of Regents, The University of protein Synthesis with an in Vitro transcription and transla Texas System, Austin, TX (US) tion assay,” Biotechniques, 18:244-248, 1995. ASlanidis and Jong, "Ligation-independent cloning of PCR (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this products (LIC-PCR).” Nucl. Acids Res., 18:6069–6074, patent is extended or adjusted under 35 1990. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. ASlanidis et al., “Minimal length requirement of the Sin gle-stranded tails for ligation-independent cloning (LIC) of (21) Appl. No.: 09/535,366 pcr products.” PCR Methods and Applications, 4:172-177, (22) Filed: Mar. 24, 2000 1994. Bolen et al., “Isolation and Sequence analysis of a gene from Related U.S. Application Data the linear DNA plasmid pPacl-2 of pichia acaciae that (60) Provisional application No. 60/125,864, filed on Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • Protist Phylogeny and the High-Level Classification of Protozoa
    Europ. J. Protistol. 39, 338–348 (2003) © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/ejp Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa Thomas Cavalier-Smith Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK; E-mail: [email protected] Received 1 September 2003; 29 September 2003. Accepted: 29 September 2003 Protist large-scale phylogeny is briefly reviewed and a revised higher classification of the kingdom Pro- tozoa into 11 phyla presented. Complementary gene fusions reveal a fundamental bifurcation among eu- karyotes between two major clades: the ancestrally uniciliate (often unicentriolar) unikonts and the an- cestrally biciliate bikonts, which undergo ciliary transformation by converting a younger anterior cilium into a dissimilar older posterior cilium. Unikonts comprise the ancestrally unikont protozoan phylum Amoebozoa and the opisthokonts (kingdom Animalia, phylum Choanozoa, their sisters or ancestors; and kingdom Fungi). They share a derived triple-gene fusion, absent from bikonts. Bikonts contrastingly share a derived gene fusion between dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase and include plants and all other protists, comprising the protozoan infrakingdoms Rhizaria [phyla Cercozoa and Re- taria (Radiozoa, Foraminifera)] and Excavata (phyla Loukozoa, Metamonada, Euglenozoa, Percolozoa), plus the kingdom Plantae [Viridaeplantae, Rhodophyta (sisters); Glaucophyta], the chromalveolate clade, and the protozoan phylum Apusozoa (Thecomonadea, Diphylleida). Chromalveolates comprise kingdom Chromista (Cryptista, Heterokonta, Haptophyta) and the protozoan infrakingdom Alveolata [phyla Cilio- phora and Miozoa (= Protalveolata, Dinozoa, Apicomplexa)], which diverged from a common ancestor that enslaved a red alga and evolved novel plastid protein-targeting machinery via the host rough ER and the enslaved algal plasma membrane (periplastid membrane).
    [Show full text]
  • Protistology an International Journal Vol
    Protistology An International Journal Vol. 10, Number 2, 2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM «PROTIST–2016» Yuri Mazei (Vice-Chairman) Welcome Address 2 Organizing Committee 3 Organizers and Sponsors 4 Abstracts 5 Author Index 94 Forum “PROTIST-2016” June 6–10, 2016 Moscow, Russia Website: http://onlinereg.ru/protist-2016 WELCOME ADDRESS Dear colleagues! Republic) entitled “Diplonemids – new kids on the block”. The third lecture will be given by Alexey The Forum “PROTIST–2016” aims at gathering Smirnov (Saint Petersburg State University, Russia): the researchers in all protistological fields, from “Phylogeny, diversity, and evolution of Amoebozoa: molecular biology to ecology, to stimulate cross- new findings and new problems”. Then Sandra disciplinary interactions and establish long-term Baldauf (Uppsala University, Sweden) will make a international scientific cooperation. The conference plenary presentation “The search for the eukaryote will cover a wide range of fundamental and applied root, now you see it now you don’t”, and the fifth topics in Protistology, with the major focus on plenary lecture “Protist-based methods for assessing evolution and phylogeny, taxonomy, systematics and marine water quality” will be made by Alan Warren DNA barcoding, genomics and molecular biology, (Natural History Museum, United Kingdom). cell biology, organismal biology, parasitology, diversity and biogeography, ecology of soil and There will be two symposia sponsored by ISoP: aquatic protists, bioindicators and palaeoecology. “Integrative co-evolution between mitochondria and their hosts” organized by Sergio A. Muñoz- The Forum is organized jointly by the International Gómez, Claudio H. Slamovits, and Andrew J. Society of Protistologists (ISoP), International Roger, and “Protists of Marine Sediments” orga- Society for Evolutionary Protistology (ISEP), nized by Jun Gong and Virginia Edgcomb.
    [Show full text]
  • Loricifera from the Deep Sea at the Galápagos Spreading Center, with a Description of Spinoloricus Turbatio Gen. Et Sp. Nov. (Nanaloricidae)
    Helgol Mar Res (2007) 61:167–182 DOI 10.1007/s10152-007-0064-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Loricifera from the deep sea at the Galápagos Spreading Center, with a description of Spinoloricus turbatio gen. et sp. nov. (Nanaloricidae) Iben Heiner · Birger Neuhaus Received: 1 August 2006 / Revised: 26 January 2007 / Accepted: 29 January 2007 / Published online: 10 March 2007 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 2007 Abstract Specimens of a new species of Loricifera, nov. are characterized by six rectangular plates in the Spinoloricus turbatio gen. et sp. nov., have been col- seventh row with two teeth, an indistinct honeycomb lected at the Galápagos Spreading Center (GSC) dur- sculpture and long toes with little mucrones. The SO ing the cruise SO 158, which is a part of the 158 cruise has yielded a minimum of ten new species of MEGAPRINT project. The new genus is positioned in Loricifera out of only 42 specimens. These new species the family Nanaloricidae together with the three belong to two diVerent orders, where one being new to already described genera Nanaloricus, Armorloricus science, and three diVerent families. This result indi- and Phoeniciloricus. The postlarvae and adults of Spi- cates a high diversity of loriciferans at the GSC. Nearly noloricus turbatio gen. et sp. nov. are characterized by all the collected loriciferans are in a moulting stage, a mouth cone with eight oral ridges and basally with a hence there is a new stage inside the present stage. This cuticular reinforcement named mouth cone pleat; prolongation of life stages and the occurrence of multi- eighth row with 30 whip-like spinoscalids and 30 “alter- ple life stages inside each other are typical of deep-sea nating” plates; thorax with eight single and seven dou- loriciferans.
    [Show full text]
  • Author's Manuscript (764.7Kb)
    1 BROADLY SAMPLED TREE OF EUKARYOTIC LIFE Broadly Sampled Multigene Analyses Yield a Well-resolved Eukaryotic Tree of Life Laura Wegener Parfrey1†, Jessica Grant2†, Yonas I. Tekle2,6, Erica Lasek-Nesselquist3,4, Hilary G. Morrison3, Mitchell L. Sogin3, David J. Patterson5, Laura A. Katz1,2,* 1Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA 2Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA 3Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA 5Biodiversity Informatics Group, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 6Current address: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA †These authors contributed equally *Corresponding author: L.A.K - [email protected] Phone: 413-585-3825, Fax: 413-585-3786 Keywords: Microbial eukaryotes, supergroups, taxon sampling, Rhizaria, systematic error, Excavata 2 An accurate reconstruction of the eukaryotic tree of life is essential to identify the innovations underlying the diversity of microbial and macroscopic (e.g. plants and animals) eukaryotes. Previous work has divided eukaryotic diversity into a small number of high-level ‘supergroups’, many of which receive strong support in phylogenomic analyses. However, the abundance of data in phylogenomic analyses can lead to highly supported but incorrect relationships due to systematic phylogenetic error. Further, the paucity of major eukaryotic lineages (19 or fewer) included in these genomic studies may exaggerate systematic error and reduces power to evaluate hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • Within the Genus Naegleria
    Closed-Tube Barcoding of Sequence Variants (Possible Species) within the Genus Naegleria Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Biology Professor Lawrence J. Wangh, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Biology by John Deng May 2017 Copyright by John Deng © 2017 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Lawrence Wangh for giving me the opportunity to pursue this project and for providing me with the financial means to make this project possible. His guidance and advice throughout this process has been invaluable. I would like to thank J. Aquiles Sanchez for his constant support and direction. I would also like to thank Nicky Sirianni for teaching me how to run experiments and Adam Osborne on the assistance and interpretation of difficult data and problems. I am grateful to Heather Schiller and to Professor Chandler Fulton for providing Naegleria samples. Finally, thank you too to all other members of the Wangh laboratory for helping to make this project successful. I have learned so much about how to be a better scientist from this process. Thank you. This research was supported in part by the Division of Science Undergraduate Research Fellowship and a Sprout grant. iii Abstract Closed-Tube Barcoding of Sequence Variants (Possible Species) Within the Naegleria Genus A thesis presented to the Department of Biology Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By John Deng This thesis provides an approach to identify and characterize the enormous diversity of Naegleria genus with Closed-Tube Barcoding.
    [Show full text]
  • Intracellular Eukaryotic Pathogens in Brown Macroalgae in the Eastern Mediterranean, Including LSU Rrna Data for the Oomycete Eurychasma Dicksonii
    Vol. 104: 1–11, 2013 DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published April 29 doi: 10.3354/dao02583 Dis Aquat Org Intracellular eukaryotic pathogens in brown macroalgae in the Eastern Mediterranean, including LSU rRNA data for the oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii Martina Strittmatter1,2,6, Claire M. M. Gachon1, Dieter G. Müller3, Julia Kleinteich3, Svenja Heesch1,7, Amerssa Tsirigoti4, Christos Katsaros4, Maria Kostopoulou2, Frithjof C. Küpper1,5,* 1Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK 2University of the Aegean, Department of Marine Sciences, University Hill, 81 100 Mytilene, Greece 3Universität Konstanz, FB Biologie, 78457 Konstanz, Germany 4University of Athens, Faculty of Biology, Athens 157 84, Greece 5Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh AB41 6AA, UK 6Present address: CNRS and UPMC University Paris 06, The Marine Plants and Biomolecules Laboratory, UMR 7139, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff Cedex, France 7Present address: Irish Seaweed Research Group, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland ABSTRACT: For the Mediterranean Sea, and indeed most of the world’s oceans, the biodiversity and biogeography of eukaryotic pathogens infecting marine macroalgae remains poorly known, yet their ecological impact is probably significant. Based on 2 sampling campaigns on the Greek island of Lesvos in 2009 and 1 in northern Greece in 2012, this study provides first records of 3 intracellular eukaryotic pathogens infecting filamentous brown algae at these locations: Eury - chas ma dicksonii, Anisolpidium sphacellarum, and A. ectocarpii. Field and microscopic observa- tions of the 3 pathogens are complemented by the first E. dicksonii large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA) gene sequence analyses of isolates from Lesvos and other parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Sirolpidium Bryopsidis</I>, a Parasite of Green Algae, Is Probably
    VOLUME 7 JUNE 2021 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 223–231 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.07.11 Sirolpidium bryopsidis, a parasite of green algae, is probably conspecific with Pontisma lagenidioides, a parasite of red algae A.T. Buaya1, B. Scholz2, M. Thines1,3,4* 1Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2BioPol ehf, Marine Biotechnology, Einbúastig 2, 545 Skagaströnd, Iceland 3Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 4LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany *Corresponding author: [email protected] Key words: Abstract: The genus Sirolpidium (Sirolpidiaceae) of the Oomycota includes several species of holocarpic obligate aquatic chlorophyte algae parasites. These organisms are widely occurring in marine and freshwater habitats, mostly infecting filamentous green early-diverging algae. Presently, all species are only known from their morphology and descriptive life cycle traits. None of the seven new taxa species classified in Sirolpidium, including the type species, S. bryopsidis, has been rediscovered and studied for their Oomycota molecular phylogeny, so far. Originally, the genus was established to accommodate all parasites of filamentous marine Petersenia green algae. In the past few decades, however, Sirolpidium has undergone multiple taxonomic revisions and several species phylogeny parasitic in other host groups were added to the genus. While the phylogeny of the marine rhodophyte- and phaeophyte- Pontismataceae infecting genera Pontisma and Eurychasma, respectively, has only been resolved recently, the taxonomic placement Sirolpidiaceae of the chlorophyte-infecting genus Sirolpidium remained unresolved.
    [Show full text]