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Appendix J: Routine Biomonitoring Network for Eskom 2015/16

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Appendix J: Routine Biomonitoring Network for Eskom 2015/16 ZITHOLELE CONSULTING ESKOM RESEARCH, TESTING AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH REPORT Confidential REPORT TITLE : Routine Biomonitoring Network for Eskom: 2015/16 REPORT REF NO : RES/RR/15/1776865 ITEM NO : N.RA12008 ITEM NAME ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AUTHOR(S) : Bheki Maliba DEPARTMENT : Sustainability COPYRIGHT © ESKOM HOLDINGS LIMITED NO PUBLICATION OR DISSEMINATION OF ITS CONTENTS IS ALLOWED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION REPORT NO : RES/RR/16/1776865 Confidential Page No:1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Routine Biomonitoring Network for Eskom: 2015/16 OVERVIEW The need for a surface water quality monitoring network is imperative for effective water quality and impact management at Eskom. This study further refines the surface water quality monitoring network for Eskom. The surface water quality monitoring network includes the use of biological indicators, in addition and complementary to traditional chemical and physical water quality monitoring techniques. Biomonitoring is utilised as an important tool in assessing the condition of aquatic ecosystems over time. The biomonitoring protocols applied in this project should give a good reflection of the possible impacts on Eskom’s surrounding water resources. BACKGROUND This study is based on two surveys as conducted in June and November 2015. Long term trends (April 2012 to November 2015) in the toxicity and SASS5 data were determined. The scope of work included the biomonitoring assessments (macro-invertebrate, fish and toxicity assessments) of water resources monitoring sites around the Arnot, Camden, Duvha, Grootvlei, Hendrina, Kendal, Komati, Kriel, Kusile, Lethabo, Majuba, Matimba, Matla, Medupi and Tutuka power stations. OBJECTIVES The major aim of this project was to undertake biomonitoring assessments at the selected biomonitoring sites, which encompassed the following objectives: Detect or identify any deterioration in ecological integrity by conducting specialist assessments on the aquatic ecosystems. To build a strong reliable database that can be used for trend analysis and other analysis Maintain, review and/or refine the integrated biomonitoring program (protocols) for different power stations. APPROACH The following activities were conducted: In-situ water quality assessments (pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity) at all sites where South African Scoring System Version 5 (SASS5) and/or fish assessment integrity index (FAII) were performed. Collection of water samples for chemical analyses. SASS5 analyses and Integrated Habitat Assessments System (IHAS) at all appropriate sites. Fish assessments at all appropriate sites. Toxicity assessments at selected sites. REPORT NO : RES/RR/16/1776865 Confidential Page No:2 RESULTS A colour coded summary Table 4.1 in the body of the report shows the spatial and temporal impact identification, on receiving water bodies, in relation to Eskom power stations and/or other water users. Based on the June and November 2015 surveys (spatial comparisons), the Tutuka, Majuba, Lethabo and Kendal power stations and/or other water users within their catchments appear to have a negative impact on the biotic integrity of the recieving surface water bodies. In terms of temporal variations from April 2012 to November 2015, at this early stage it seems that the biotic intergrity is not improving at the downstream sites of the Kendal, Lethabo and Matla power stations and/or other water users within their catchtments. In Hendrina power station and/or other water users, based on toxicity hazard, in general it seems that the downstream site is deterioting more than the the upstream site. CONCLUSIONS The current biomonitoring programme satisfies the requirements of the WULs of the surface water monitoring of some Eskom power stations. The findings of this study should be seen as a prompt to further investigate any potential hazards that might be associated with the power stations. The assessment will become more comprehensive and accurate after each year of monitoring and that trend could be determined with a large database. The network should be dynamic and continually be refined with expansion of the biomonitoring database. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommended protocols are listed throughout this report and summarised for easy reference in Table 5.1. It is recommended that the integrated biomonitoring network (macro- invertebrate; habitat; FAII and toxicity) be continued and reviewed annually. INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Assessing Eskom’s operation influence on the aquatic ecosystems around power stations will enable Eskom to comply with legislation and water use license requirements, and take a proactive step towards water quality management by identifying water quality trends of Eskom surrounding water resources. KEYWORDS Biomonitoring, water quality, power stations, SASS5, fish assessments, toxicity. FUTURE REVIEW Temporal variations, in terms of biological monitoring surrounding our sites, are important to understand the condition of the available surface water resources. The assessment of temporal variation will become clear after more years of monitoring and will continue to provide more insight as the network progresses over time. REPORT NO : RES/RR/16/1776865 Confidential Page No:3 ACTIVITY DETAILS Initiative : Ecosystem management Report Number : RES/RR/15/1776864 Item Number : N.RA12008 Item Leader : MICHAEL MICHAEL Contact Number : 011 629 5729 Customer : Eskom Generation; Research,Testing and Development. RETURN ON INVESTMENT The design and review of the biomonitoring network laid the foundation for the functional routine biomonitoring network at Eskom. The implementation of this biomonitoring network will allow for effective monitoring and management of surrounding water resources and compliance with existing water use license requirements. Routine and efficient monitoring is essential for early identification of impacts to the aquatic environment, which will allow for planning of mitigation actions, thereby preventing costly remediation measures. Focused independent studies for individual power stations could form part of mitigation actions. If undertaken on a routine, consistent and well-coordinated manner, it will result in: Assurance that the power stations comply with required biomonitoring in their permits; In-house skills will be used and developed; A single database will house all chemical and biomonitoring data of Eskom’s surrounding water resources i.e., Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS); Eskom will be the owner and authority of all data; The data can be used to identify and manage point and diffuse inputs on Eskom source waters, and examine trends over time; The information obtained would assist Eskom management in making decisions regarding water quality management; In-house technical reports, as well as research reports on trends in specific areas, can be issued when required; Contribute to the science and knowledge-base relating to water management; Enable partnerships with all others in the hydrological sphere e.g., Catchment Management Agencies, Research institutions, Department of Water and Sanitation (formerly Department of Water Affairs), mines and industries; Enhance Eskom’s reputation and allow the company to be acknowledged as having a corporate social and environmental accountability and responsibility. REPORT NO : RES/RR/16/1776865 Confidential Page No:4 1. INTRODUCTION An aquatic ecosystem can be defined as any unit including all of its organisms in a given area, interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity and material cycles within the system (Odum, 1971). It thus includes all the physical and chemical (abiotic) components in addition to the biological components. The ecological integrity of an ecosystem can be defined as the ability of the system to support and maintain a balanced, integrated composition of physical-chemical and habitat characteristics, as well as biotic components, on temporal and spatial scales, that are comparable to the natural or unimpacted state of that ecosystem. It therefore refers to the structure and functioning of an ecosystem under natural conditions or a state unimpaired by anthropogenic stresses (Roux, 1999). Routine biomonitoring assessments around power stations are required by majority of Eskom’s Power Station Water Use Licences (WUL) as per the National Water Act No 36 of 1998. The Routine Water Quality Monitoring Network for Eskom (Durgapersad, 2012), was proposed in 2012, taking into consideration various factors as per Eskom’s specific requirements. The report was reviewed and assessed by aquatic specialists in 2012 (Niehaus et al., 2013). The April/May and November 2012 surveys were the next step in the design and implemementation of a focused biomonitoring program for fourteen Eskom power stations (Niehaus et al., 2013). The scope of work included the biological assessments of monitoring sites around the Arnot, Camden, Duvha, Grootvlei, Hendrina, Kendal, Komati, Kriel, Kusile, Lethabo, Majuba, Matimba, Matla, Medupi and Tutuka power stations. The results of the surveys for June 2013 and January 2014 have been reported in Eskom research reports as well as for June and November 2014 (Durgapersad and Maliba, 2014, Maliba et al., 2015). This report is based on biomonitoring results of the in-situ, chemistry, macro-invertebrate (SASS5), fish (FAII) and toxicity testing assessments, undertaken during the June
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