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Determination of Optimal Dietary Protein Level for Juvenile Beluga (Huso Huso)

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Determination of Optimal Dietary Protein Level for Juvenile Beluga (Huso Huso) Proceedings of The Fourth International Iran & Russia Conference 1370 Determination of Optimal Dietary Protein Level for Juvenile Beluga (Huso huso) Abedian. A.M1., Mohammadi. M2., Shariatmadari. F3 Assi. Prof. Fisheries Department. Marine Science Faculty. Tarbiat Modares Univ. Noor. 46414-356, Mazandaran. Iran. Tel: 0122- 6253101-3, E- mail: [email protected] and [email protected] M. Sc. Graduate. Fisheries Department. Marine Science Faculty. Tarbiat Modares Univ. Asso. Prof. Animal Science Department. Agriculture Faculty. Tarbiat Modares Univ. Abstract: This study was conducted to determine dietary protein requirement of juvenile Beluga (Huso huso) with emphasis on amino acids balance. In this experiment six iso caloric diets with different levels of protein (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 % ) prepared by using accessible materials. Juvenile Beluga with an initial body weight of 100±10 g were fed satiation way during an 8-week experiment. Analysis of variance (One Way ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test suggested that growth performances were significantly affected by the different levels of dietary protein (P<0.01). The growth performances involve body weight increase percentage, specific growth rate and yield increase, further the volume of feed and protein consumption per day increase significantly (P<0.01) as dietary protein increased from 25 to 50%, whereas there was no significant effect on cost index, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization. The maximum and minimum mean of body weight increase percentage, specific growth rate and yield occurred at 50% and 25% dietary protein levels, respectively. As there was no significant difference (P<0.01) in feed conversion ratio and cost index between diets with different protein levels and high levels of protein (45-50) was the best, therefore volume nearly 23 gr protein (dry matter)/day was suggested for growth of juvenile Beluga (100-300 gr) based on used materials in this experiment. Key words: Diet, Protein, Amino Acid, Beluga (Huso huso). Introduction: Considering the growing rate of world population, humans, need of various and healthy protein resources, aquaculture plays an important role in providing proteins. Meanwhile, sturgeon beneficially can be developed because they have high ecological adaptation and can coexist with teleostei fish and use variant biotopes. Being succeeded in sturgeon production before 1980’s, their rearing developed in many countries (although some reports have been existed that this began since 1980’s 80). Main production occurred in 1996 that resulted in production of 600t fish and less than 1t caviar from White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in Italy and United States; 235t fish and little caviar from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy and Poland; 60t Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccari) in Spain and 67t hybrid of Bester in Austria and Hungary (Bronzi, etal, 1999). Caspian Sea is the largest habitat of sturgeon in the world, as more than 90% of their resources live there. Suitable climatic situation, existence of five sturgeon species and valuable experiments in last years have been some of the important parameters to start rearing fish and producing caviar of sturgeon. The improvement of sturgeon rearing techniques in the one hand and sufficient potentialities on the other, especially in the Caspian coasts have caused the formation of rearing fish plan in condensed circumstances, and using artificial food in Iran. Proceedings of The Fourth International Iran & Russia Conference 1371 In fish culture, food forms 50 percent of costs and it is an important factor in growth rate. Further, protein is a main nutrient in diets and a principal matter in tissue of fish and it forms 65-75% of dry body weight (Halver, 1989). Protein reduction violently affect fish growth, therefore protein is a very important composition in fish diets. Determination of protein requirement for gaining the maximum growth in sturgeon, is the first stage for the improvement of a cheap but growth effective way of feeding fish (Moore, etal, 1988). Many researchers have used pure and semi-pure diets to determine the fish protein requirement, but most rate of growth is the best. Different protein requirement in a fish depends on the three following factors: The amount of diet energy, amino acid composition and digestibility of consumer protein (Halver, 1989). Optimum protein for fish like other animals is affected by optimum protein for balance diet energy, amino acid composition and digestibility of consumer protein and energy of non-protein sources. Most of the researchers used iso-energetic diet for determination of optimum protein requirement (Halver, 1989). The Purpose of this experiment is determination of optimum protein requirement for juvenile beluga as well as finding a physiological and economical diet. Materials and methods: 2-1- design of experiment In this experiment Lindo software was used (copy right 1999, release 6.1) for formulating. 6 iso-energetic dry diets with different levels of protein including (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 %) were made. The Diets were made with the use of inland and available materials. Since knowing the amount of the essential amino acids of the animal body is necessary in order to gain a suitable diet (Ng, 1994); and, considering the fact that one of the methods of meeting the aquatic needs is to adjust the diets on the basis of the amount of the essential amino acids of juvenile Beluga (Tacon, 1990), therefore the diets have been formulated on the basis of the essential amino acids of the juvenile Beluga bodies (nearly 80 gr)(table 2-1). For making diets, primarily, ingredients were mixed; then the produced pastes was passed through a mincer with a 2.5 mm cranny diameter and were put in the handmade drier for 24 hours. After diets dried, they were broken in suitable sizes then packaged and frozen in –20 º C . Table 2-2 show composition of ingredients in experimental diets. 2-2-2- biometry and feeding: Once in two weeks all the fish were weighed with a scale with the precision of 0.01 gr. First the fish were enervated with 6gr pink powder per 30 l water, for biometry. Feeding Primarily was based on 2% biomass and then fed as satiation (Santiago, 1996). Fish were fed 4 meals per day at 8, 12, 18 and 24 o’clock. Every day before 12 o’clock bottom of tanks were siphoned and considering the remainder of meals tomorrow’s food was determined. 2-2-3- measuring the chemical and organic compositions: Approximate analysis of consuming initial materials, and diets at first and juvenile beluga body compositions at the end of the experiment moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber and ash were measured with the standard method of AOAC (1985). Total energy was measured by calorimetric bomb equipment. All the experiment done in poultry and livestock nutrition lab of Dr. Miralami, Tarbiat Modarres University (the school of natural resources) and sturgeon international research institute of Dr. Dadman. 2-2-4- growth indexes: Proceedings of The Fourth International Iran & Russia Conference 1372 In order to review fish growth and to compare the treatments, growth indexes including increase body weight percentage, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), yield, cost index, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU) were used. 2-2-5- statistical method: In this experiment 6 different level of protein, from 25 to 50 percent with equal energy were used. Therefore there were 6 treatments in this experiment for every one of which, three plicate was also considered, and altogether 18 tanks were used. The tanks distributed in one row under indoor and outdoor, on the basis of completely randomized design. Data analysis was done with soft ward package of Excel and Spss. Average treatments were compared with Duncan Multiple Range tests and the existence or non-existence of significant different was determined in 1 percent level (p= 0.01). Results: 3-1- diets approximate analysis: Fish meal and meat meal as protein resources contained 70.41 and 64.96 percent protein, respectively. In this experiment commercial and initial materials were used. Meat meal as a secondary protein resource was fixed and inconstant factor was fish meal. The protein of wheat flour, molasses and lecithin weren’t considerable. Table 3-1 and 3-2 shows ingredients and diets’ food value. 3-2- results of protein level on growth index: Table of 3-3 show the effects of protein level on juvenile beluga growth index. The growth performance including weight gain percentage, SGR and yield have been increased significantly (P<0.01) as dietary protein increased from 25 to 50% but no increase was observed in FCR, cost index, PER and NPU. Max and min of BWI% were 186.18 and 53.59% in diets with 50% and 25% protein respectively, and similarly max and min of yield were in diets with 50% and 25% protein respectively. FCR and cost index did not significantly differ (P>0.01) when dietary protein increased, but their value decreased when the dietary protein increased. As a result, the most suitable FCR and cost index were related to 50% Protein. Food and protein consume per day (based on dry matter) increased significantly (P<0.01) as dietary protein increased from 25 to 50%, as their max were 45.94 and 22.89 gr respectively in diet with 50% protein and their min were 21.66 and 5.57 gr respectively in diet with 25% protein (Table 3-2). PER and NPU did not show much difference (P>0.01), PER’s max and min were in diets with 25 and 30% protein respectively and NPU’s max and min were in diets with 25 and 45% protein respectively. Charts 3-1 and 3-2 show growth situation of juvenile Beluga in different levels of protein.
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