Can Annatto (Bixa Orellana L), an Old Source of Food
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Some Interesting Fruits from Tropical Asia
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 157 SOME INTERESTING FRUITS FROM TROPICAL ASIA WILSON POPENOE United Fruit Company, Guatemala City, Guat. When Dr. Wolfe invited me to present this couragements were so numerous and so defi brief paper before the Krome Memorial In nite that I decided we were too far north; stitute, I grasped the opportunity with par and I moved to Honduras, where, in a lovely ticular pleasure, primarily because it gives little valley three miles from the beach at me a chance to pay tribute to the memory Tela, we started planting mangosteens in of William J. Krome. It was my good for 1925. To give due credit, I should mention tune to see him frequently, back in the early that R. H. Goodell had already planted two days when he was developing an orchard at or three which he had obtained from Dr. Homestead. I felt the impulse of his dynam Fairchild at Washington, and they were pros ic enthusiasm, and I believe I appreciated pering. what he was doing for south Florida and for We obtained seed from Jamaica and from subtropical horticulture. In short, my admi Indo-China, and finally contracted for the ration for him and for his work knew no entire crop produced by an old tree on Lake bounds. Izabal in nearby Guatemala. We had no Yet many results might have been lost had trouble in starting the seedlings, and a year not Mrs. Krome carried on so ably and so or two later we began planting them out in devotedly with the work. -
Road Map for Developing & Strengthening The
KENYA ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING THE PROCESSED MANGO SECTOR DECEMBER 2014 TRADE IMPACT FOR GOOD The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Trade Centre concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document has not formally been edited by the International Trade Centre. ROAD MAP FOR DEVELOPING & STRENGTHENING THE KENYAN PROCESSED MANGO SECTOR Prepared for International Trade Centre Geneva, december 2014 ii This value chain roadmap was developed on the basis of technical assistance of the International Trade Centre ( ITC ). Views expressed herein are those of consultants and do not necessarily coincide with those of ITC, UN or WTO. Mention of firms, products and product brands does not imply the endorsement of ITC. This document has not been formally edited my ITC. The International Trade Centre ( ITC ) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. Digital images on cover : © shutterstock Street address : ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Postal address : ITC Palais des Nations 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Telephone : + 41- 22 730 0111 Postal address : ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland Email : [email protected] Internet : http :// www.intracen.org iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Unless otherwise specified, all references to dollars ( $ ) are to United States dollars, and all references to tons are to metric tons. The following abbreviations are used : AIJN European Fruit Juice Association BRC British Retail Consortium CPB Community Business Plan DC Developing countries EFTA European Free Trade Association EPC Export Promotion Council EU European Union FPEAK Fresh Produce Exporters Association of Kenya FT Fairtrade G.A.P. -
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Bixa Orellana (Annatto) Seed Extract
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 (02), pp. 101-106, February, 2014 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2014.40216 ISSN 2231-3354 In vitro antioxidant activity of Bixa orellana (Annatto) Seed Extract 1Modupeola Abayomi*, 2Amusa S. Adebayo*, 3Deon Bennett, 4Roy Porter, and 1Janet Shelly-Campbell 1School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Jamaica, 237 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6. 2Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, 1400N Roosevelt Boulevard, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA. 3Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Sports, University of Technology, Jamaica, 237 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6. 4Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica. ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history: The seeds of Bixa orellana (Annatto, family Bixaceae), have been used in food coloring for over 50 years. With Received on: 03/09/2013 the aim of introducing its extracts as pharmaceutical colorant, there is the need to investigate the biological and Revised on: 05/11/2013 pharmacological activities of the extract. This study was designed to develop extraction protocols for annatto Accepted on: 10/02/2014 coloring fraction with potential for pharmaceutical application and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the Available online: 27/02/2014 extracts in vitro. Powdered seed material was extracted using acid-base protocols and the crystals obtained were washed with deionized water, oven-dried for about 12 hours at 45 °C and stored in air-tight containers. The in Key words: vitro antioxidant activity was tested via 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and In-vitro, Antioxidant, Bixa iron (III) oxide reducing power using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a reference standard. -
Overview on Annatto and Other Colours, Colour Removal, Analysis
1 Journal 2 Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 3 Title 4 Colorants in cheese manufacture: Production, Chemistry, Interactions and Regulation 5 6 7 Authors 8 9 Sharma, P.1,2, Segat, A.1,2, Kelly, A. L.3, and Sheehan, J.J.1 10 11 1 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland 12 2Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Ireland 13 3School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland 14 15 16 17 18 1 19 ABSTRACT 20 Colored Cheddar cheeses are prepared by adding an aqueous annatto extract (norbixin) to 21 cheese milk; however, a considerable proportion (~20%) of such colorant is transferred to 22 whey, which can limit the end use applications of whey products. Different geographical 23 regions have adopted various strategies for handling whey derived from colored cheeses 24 production. For example, in the USA, whey products are treated with oxidizing agents such 25 as hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl peroxide to obtain white and colorless spray-dried 26 products; however, chemical bleaching of whey is prohibited in Europe and China. 27 Fundamental studies have focused on understanding the interactions between colorants 28 molecules and various components of cheese. In addition, the selective delivery of colorants 29 to the cheese curd through approaches such as encapsulated norbixin and micro-capsules of 30 bixin or use of alternative colorants, including fat- soluble/emulsified versions of annatto or 31 beta-carotene, have been studied. This review provides a critical analysis of pertinent 32 scientific and patent literature pertaining to colorant delivery in cheese and various types of 33 colorant products on the market for cheese manufacture, and also considers interactions 34 between colorant molecules and cheese components; various strategies for elimination of 35 color transfer to whey during cheese manufacture are also discussed. -
COMPASSION a Festival of Musical Passions JUNE 5–15 GREAT ARCHETYPAL STORIES of SUFFERING, EMPATHY, and HOPE
COMPASSION A FESTIVAL OF MUSICAL PASSIONS JUNE 5–15 GREAT ARCHETYPAL STORIES OF SUFFERING, EMPATHY, AND HOPE CONSPIRARE.ORG 1 COMPASSION Diversify your Assets: FESTIVAL Invest in the Arts. PIETÀ JUNE 5-7, FREDERICKSBURG & AUSTIN CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD DURUFLÉ – REQUIEM JUNE 8, AUSTIN A GNOSTIC PASSION JUNE 10, AUSTIN J.S. BACH – ST. MATTHEW PASSION JUNE 14-15, AUSTIN We applaud the artists and patrons who invest in our community. CRAIG HELLA JOHNSON Artistic Director & Conductor ROBERT KYR & JOHN MUEHLEISEN Composers & Speakers SEASON SUSTAINING UNDERWRITER tm 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE ARTISTIC DIRECTOR: WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 5-6 PROGRAM: PIETÀ ...............................................................................................7 ARTISTS: PIETÀ ..................................................................................................8 PROGRAM NOTES: PIETÀ ............................................................................ 9-10 PROGRAM: CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD/REQUIEM .......................... 11 Welcome to the Conspirare comPassion Festival. ARTISTS: CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD/REQUIEM .............................. 12 Whether you find yourself in the middle of a PROGRAM NOTES: CONSIDERING MATTHEW SHEPARD/REQUIEM .............. 13 performance or at a workshop, I invite you to PROGRAM: A GNOSTIC PASSION.................................................................... 14 take this time to deeply experience -
Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps
agronomy Essay Domesticating the Undomesticated for Global Food and Nutritional Security: Four Steps Ajeet Singh , Pradeep Kumar Dubey, Rajan Chaurasia , Rama Kant Dubey, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Gopal Shankar Singh and Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash * Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +91-94156-44280 Received: 8 July 2019; Accepted: 27 August 2019; Published: 28 August 2019 Abstract: Ensuring the food and nutritional demand of the ever-growing human population is a major sustainability challenge for humanity in this Anthropocene. The cultivation of climate resilient, adaptive and underutilized wild crops along with modern crop varieties is proposed as an innovative strategy for managing future agricultural production under the changing environmental conditions. Such underutilized and neglected wild crops have been recently projected by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations as ‘future smart crops’ as they are not only hardy, and resilient to changing climatic conditions, but also rich in nutrients. They need only minimal care and input, and therefore, they can be easily grown in degraded and nutrient-poor soil also. Moreover, they can be used for improving the adaptive traits of modern crops. The contribution of such neglected, and underutilized crops and their wild relatives to global food production is estimated to be around 115–120 billion US$ per annum. Therefore, the exploitation of such lesser -
Changes in the Sensory Characteristics of Mango Cultivars During the Production of Mango Purée and Sorbet
DIFFERENCES IN SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS AMONG VARIOUS MANGO CULTIVARS IN THE FORM OF FRESH SLICED MANGO, MANGO PURÉE, AND MANGO SORBET by CHRISTIE N. LEDEKER B.S., University of Delaware, 2008 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Interdisciplinary Food Science Graduate Program Department of Human Nutrition KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2011 Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Delores H. Chambers Abstract Fresh mangoes are highly perishable, and therefore, they are often processed to extend shelf-life and facilitate exportation. Studying the transformation that mango cultivars undergo throughout processing can aid in selecting appropriate varieties for products. In the 1st part of this study, the flavor and texture properties of 4 mango cultivars available in the United States (U.S.) were analyzed. Highly trained descriptive panelists in the U.S. evaluated fresh, purée, and sorbet samples prepared from each cultivar. Purées were made by pulverizing mango flesh, passing it through a china cap, and heating it to 85 °C for 15 s. For the sorbets, purées were diluted with water (1:1), sucrose was added, and the bases were frozen in a batch ice cream freezer. Much of the texture variation among cultivars was lost after fresh samples were transformed into purées, whereas much of the flavor and texture variation among cultivars was lost once fresh mangoes and mango purées were transformed into sorbets. Compared to the other cultivars, Haden and Tommy Atkins underwent greater transformations in flavor throughout sorbet preparation, and processing reduced the intensities of some unpleasant flavors in these cultivars. -
The Lipstick Tree
The lipstick tree MARY CAREY-SCHNEIDER grows Bixa orellana as an ornamental on her estate in Argentina but elsewhere it is grown commercially for the colouring agent obtained from the ripe fruit and seeds. Locally called annatto or achiote, the fruits of Bixa orellana have satisfied two important areas of man’s needs for many centuries, fulfilling both basic dietary demands as a spice or colorant in a myriad of recipes across the Central and Latin American continent, and his spiritual aspirations and vanity as a face and body photograph © Mary Carey-Schneider 40 Bixa orellana, the lipstick tree, growing as an ornamental in Argentina. It is from the dark red seed and pods that dye is extracted. For illustration of the seed, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bixa_orellana_seeds.jpg paint. From the Caribbean to the Incas and the Amazon indigenous peoples, the orange-red pigment from this small tree has been used in everyday life as well as on feast-days and high days, forming part of their way of living. The so-called lipstick tree is an easily grown shrub that bears fruit prolifically; one of four genera in the family Bixaceae, it is found from the southern Caribbean to the South American tropics. Its common name in English is derived from the pigment made from the abundant seeds that are made into face and body paints. Although it is also used as a food and fabric pigment the crushed seeds also have some medicinal use, as it is said to be hallucinogenic and a mild diuretic. -
Comparison of the Ionizing Radiation Effects on Cochineal, Annatto and Turmeric Natural Dyes
Radiation Physics and Chemistry ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Radiation Physics and Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/radphyschem Comparison of the ionizing radiation effects on cochineal, annatto and turmeric natural dyes Helio M. Cosentino a, Patricia Y.I. Takinami b, Nelida L. del Mastro b,n a Mackenzie Presbyterian University, R. da Consolação 930, 01302-907 SP, Brazil b Center of Radiation Technology, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, 05508-900 SP, Brazil HIGHLIGHTS Comparison of radiosensitivity of food colors was performed. Carmine showed the highest resistance to radiation. Annatto and turmeric behaved sensitive to radiation when diluted. Turmeric was the most affected by ionizing radiation. article info abstract Article history: As studies on radiation stability of food dyes are scarce, commercially important natural food grade dyes Received 5 June 2015 were evaluated in terms of their sensitivity against gamma ionizing radiation. Cochineal, annatto and Received in revised form turmeric dyes with suitable concentrations were subjected to increasing doses up to 32 kGy and analyzed 23 September 2015 by spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. The results showed different pattern of absorbance Accepted 28 September 2015 versus absorbed dose for the three systems. Carmine, the glucosidal coloring matter from the scale insect Coccus cacti L., Homoptera (cochineal) remained almost unaffected by radiation up to doses of about Keywords: 32 kGy (absorbance at 494 nm). Meanwhile, at that dose, a plant-derived product annatto or urucum Food colors (Bixa orellana L.) tincture presented a nearly 58% reduction in color intensity. Tincture of curcumin (di- Ionizing radiation feruloylmethane) the active ingredient in the eastern spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) showed to be Carmine highly sensitive to radiation when diluted. -
María José Grajal Martín Instituto Canario De Investigaciones Agrarias ICIA Botánica
María José Grajal Martín Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias ICIA www.icia.es Botánica Orden: Sapindales Familia: Anacardiaceae Género: Mangifera Especie: Mangifera indica L. Nombre común: mango En Canarias a veces mango (fibras) y manga (sin fibras) María José Grajal Martín. Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias. 18 de Enero 2016. Cabildo de Lanzarote. Área de Agricultura y Ganadería. M. casturi M. zeylanica M. laurina M. odorata 18 de Enero 2016. Cabildo de Lanzarote. Área de Agricultura y Ganadería. Centro Origen Noroeste de Myamar (Birmania), Bangladesh, y Noreste de India 18 de Enero 2016. Cabildo de Lanzarote. Área de Agricultura y Ganadería. Dispersión India: Cultivo hace más de 4000 años China e Indochina <s.VII Comerciantes árabes a África via Persia y Arabia siglo X Siglos XV y XVI europeos en sus viajes de colonización. Portugueses desde sus colonias en India a sus colonias de África (Angola y Mozambique) y a Brasil Españoles tipos poliembriónicos de Filipinas a América (México cv Manila). Antillas XVIII desde Brasil Transporte Semillas recalcitrantes Frutos fresco, plántulas ó plantas injertadas 18 de Enero 2016. Cabildo de Lanzarote. Área de Agricultura y Ganadería. Florida USA 1861 (desde Cuba No. 11) 1868 ᶦPeachᶦ ᶦMulgobaᶦ (India) primeras plantaciones comerciales origen ᶦHadenᶦ (1910) ᶦHadenᶦ ᶦMulgobaᶦ 18 de Enero 2016. Cabildo de Lanzarote. Área de Agricultura y Ganadería. Florida Introducción de material procedente de India, Filipinas.... Desarrollo de un intenso programa de mejora India: ᶦMulgobaᶦ, ᶦSandershaᶦ, ᶦAminiᶦ y ᶦBombayᶦ Antillas: ᶦTurpentineᶦ cv Osteen Desarrollo de la mayoría de los cultivares comerciales de mango: ᶦKeittᶦ , ᶦLippensᶦ, ᶦOsteenᶦ, ᶦTommy Atkinsᶦ, ᶦZillᶦ, etc. cv. -
Bixa Orellana L. (Achiote) Tissue Culture: a Review
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-09969-3 INVITED REVIEW Bixa orellana L. (achiote) tissue culture: a review Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva1,2 & Songjun Zeng3 & Gregorio Godoy-Hernández4 & Renata Rivera-Madrid4 & Judit Dobránszki2 Received: 21 June 2018 /Accepted: 1 March 2019 / Editor: Masaru Nakano # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Bixa orellana L. (achiote) is a commercially important plant grown for its natural dye annatto, which is derived from the arils of seeds. Annatto, which contains the antioxidant bixin, is used in food, cosmetic, and textile industries as a natural colorant. Even though B. orellana can be propagated by seed, established tissue culture and in vitro propagation protocols exist for this plant. Organogeneses, both axillary and adventitious, as well as somatic embryogenesis, have been successfully induced from different explant sources, including cotyledons, hypocotyls, roots, stems, and leaves, and effective acclimatization protocols exist for regenerated plantlets. This present mini-review highlights the achievements in the tissue culture of achiote. In addition to using in vitro techniques for the clonal propagation of elite plants, knowledge from these protocols could be used to establish mass production systems, such as bioreactors, to facilitate year-round bixin harvest. Keywords Biotechnology . Bixaceae . Bixin . Medicinal plants . Norbixin Introduction diapocarotene-6,6′-dioate), whereas the water-soluble norbixin (NBX) is found in smaller amounts (Saha and Sinha 2012; The genus Bixa (Bixaceae) contains five accepted species Tupuna et al. 2018). Natural cross-pollination and resulting (Baer 1976; The Plant List 2019), of which the most popular heterozygosity make it impossible to propagate elite achiote and commercially exploited is Bixa orellana L. -
The Viceroyalty of Miami: Colonial Nostalgia and the Making of An
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 7-1-2016 The iceV royalty of Miami: Colonial Nostalgia and the Making of an Imperial City John K. Babb Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC000725 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, Latin American History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Babb, John K., "The icV eroyalty of Miami: Colonial Nostalgia and the Making of an Imperial City" (2016). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2598. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2598 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida THE VICEROYALTY OF MIAMI: COLONIAL NOSTALGIA AND THE MAKING OF AN IMPERIAL CITY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY by John K. Babb 2016 To: Dean John Stack Green School of International and Public Affairs This dissertation, written by John K. Babb, and entitled The Viceroyalty of Miami: Colonial Nostalgia and the Making of an Imperial City, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Victor Uribe-Uran ____________________________________ Alex Stepick ____________________________________ April Merleaux ____________________________________ Bianca Premo, Major Professor Date of Defense: July 1, 2016.