Miracle of Ozone Therapy As an Alternative Medicine Mn

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Available online at www.ijpcbs.com Review Article

MIRACLE OF OZONE THERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE MN. Mandhare*, DM. Jagdale, PL. Gaikwad, PS. Gandhi and VJ. Kadam

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACT Ozone (O3) is a molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen in a dynamically unstable structure due to the presence of mesomeric states. Although ozone has dangerous effects, yet researchers believed that it may have therapeutic effects. Thus ozone therapy has been thoroughly studied for more than a century in various countries. Its effects were proved to be consistent, safe, with minimal and preventable side effects. Medical ozone was then used to disinfect and treat diseases. Medical ozone generators were used to evaluate some mechanism of action and possible toxicity. Mechanism of actions which were found is inactivation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast and protozoa; stimulation of oxygen metabolism; activation of the immune system; etc. Ozone therapy acts as a form of oxygen therapy that stimulates mitochondria and gives them bath of fresh air. Diseases treated using ozone therapy is infected wounds, circulatory disorders, geriatric conditions, macular degeneration, viral diseases, rheumatism/arthritis, cancer, skin healing and AIDS. Medication forms in a gaseous state are somewhat unusual and it is for this reason that special application techniques had to be developed for the safe use of ozone. This review summarizes biological effects, defines any possible damage by ozone and their preventive measures.

Keywords: Autohemotherapy, Interleukin-2, Ozone, Peroxidation, Red blood cells.

INTRODUCTION stability of normal good healthy cells. It is Ozone therapy acts as a form of oxygen the treatment of choice for a wide variety of therapy that stimulates mitochondria and diseases and has proven to be the safest gives them bath of fresh air. Oxygen is the medical therapy. Ozone also stimulates most vital element required for human life production of superoxide dismutase, and it is the key to good health. The best catalase and glutathione peroxidase, which way to optimize health is to oxygenate are the enzymes in our cell walls that every cell in our body. The more oxygen we protect our cells from free radical damage. have in our system, the more energy we A good normal cell is protected by anti produce and more efficiently we can oxidants. Ozone stimulates the production eliminate wastes. Ozone is oxygen with an of anti oxidants and thus prevents the cells extra molecule added. It should be which are being attacked by the free introduced in large quantities into the body radicals1. Because of the various so that the singlet oxygen molecule that is applications of ozone, medical literature unattached and freely circulating will attack began to show serious interest in this topic. all immature, sick and deformed cells, which are foreign to the body, like viruses, bacteria, fungi etc. Thus, it increases the

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History Industrial production of ozone Ozone therapy has been in use since the The most widely used process for the 1800s and in 1896 the genius Nikola Tesla production of ozone is based on the patented the first ozone generator in the US, following reaction: later forming the ‘Tesla Ozone Company’. After that the Institute for Oxygen Therapy- Healing was formed in Berlin and the man 3O2 + 68.4 Kcal 2O3 credited with founding naturopathy, Dr. For production of ozone, oxygen flows Benedict Lust, began practicing in New across an electric arc having a potential York, and wrote many articles on ozone. difference of about 10,000 Volt in an ozone This form of treatment is highly popular in generator. All components of which must Germany and in 1959; an ozone machine resist oxidation, because ozone is one of the called “Ozonosan” was patented by Dr. strongest oxidizing agents known and Joachim Hansler which formed the basis of attacks most plastics (except polyethylene, the expansion in German ozone therapy2-6. polypropylene, silicone and teflon) and most ferrous materials (except stainless Definition steel 316 and titanium). An ozone generator Oxygen/ozone therapy is a term that requires a photometer to monitor the ozone describes a number of different practices in concentrations produced. They must also which oxygen, ozone or hydrogen peroxide have a system for destroying unused ozone, are administered via gas or water to kill which cannot be released into the disease microorganisms, improve cellular atmosphere7-9. function and promote the healing of Generators use several technologies to damaged tissues2. produce ozone: • UV lamp – makes small amounts of ozone Ozone in nature and is unreliable in making accurate Ozone is a molecule consisting of three concentrations. They burn out easily. atoms of oxygen in a dynamically unstable • Corona discharge – dual dielectric sealed structure due to the presence of mesomeric systems produce ozone but also produce states7. It has a half-life of 40 min at 20°C lots of heat which is both destructive to and about 140 min at 0°C8. Ozone is ozone and to the machine. produced by lightening in nature and by • Cold plasma generators – which produce pulsing high currents of electricity through ozone using low level current passed in 2 medical grade oxygen3. In nature it is tubes of a noble gas between which an abundant only in the stratosphere (20,000- electrostatic plasma field is formed that 30,000 m) where their concentration is ionizes the oxygen10. about 16-20 mg/m9. In this layer, it is produced by the action of ultraviolet solar Mechanisms of action of ozone radiation and in turn, protects the earth 1. Inactivation of bacteria, fungi, virus, from ultraviolet solar radiation. In recent yeast and protozoa decades, photochemical pollution of the Ozone therapy disrupts the integrity of lower atmosphere, caused by degradation the bacterial cell envelope through of petroleum gas and volatile combustion oxidation of phospholipids and products of oil, coal etc. has led to much lipoproteins. In fungi ozone inhibits cell higher ozone levels, especially in cities. In growth at certain stages. In viruses, the stratosphere, chlorofluorocarbons in ozone damages the viral capsid and liquid refrigerants and spray cans have upsets the reproductive cycle by destroyed part of the protective layer, disrupting the virus to cell contact with causing a "hole" at the South Pole. These peroxidation. The weak enzyme coating events are widely reported in the mass on the cells which make them media8, 9. vulnerable to invasion by viruses and make them susceptible to oxidation and

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elimination from the body, which then which act as a free radial scavengers replaces them with healthy cells11, 12. and cell wall protectors: glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide 2. Stimulation of oxygen metabolism: dismutase. Production of prostacyline a Ozone therapy causes an increase in red vasodilator is also induced by ozone11, blood cell glycolysis rate. This leads to 13. stimulation of 2, 3 diphosphoglycerate which leads to an increase in amount of 3. Activation of immune system oxygen released to the tissues. Ozone Ozone administered at a concentration stimulates the Krebs’s cycle by of 30 to 55 µg/cc causes the greatest enhancing the oxidative carboxylation increase in the production of interferon of pyruvate and stimulating the and greatest output of tumor necrosis production of ATP. It also causes a factor and interleukin-2. The production significant reduction in NADH and of interleukin-2 launches an entire oxidizes cytochrome C. There is a cascade of subsequent immunological stimulation of production of enzymes responses11, 14.

Fig. 1: Action of ozone on RBC Metabolism

Method of administration  Rectal/vaginal insufflations – Administration can be through any route Humidified ozone is administered by with modifications: catheter.  Major auto-hemotherapy –  Minor autohemotherapy – Blood Anticoagulated blood is mixed with mixed with ozone is injected ozone and is infused into a blood intramuscularly. (It requires 5-10 mL vessel. (It requires 200-250 mL of of blood) blood)  Limb or body bagging – Body or parts  Direct IV infusion – Ozone slowly are bathed in humidified ozone. administered into a major vessel.

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 Ozonated water – Dissolves easily in Monitoring of ozone therapy water to be used topically or It is technically impossible to measure consumed. ozone directly in the blood or assay ROS in  Ozone in Saline – Can be used ozonated plasma because of their very brief topically or given IV or SQ. half-life (fractions of a second) 7. However,  Intra-articular administration – For there are indirect methods of monitoring joint healing and prolotherapy. the oxidizing action of ozone in the body  Prolo/Sclerotherapy – Very good, less through terminal products or biochemical painful than other agents. modifications of the plasma antioxidant  Acupuncture – With ozone, more system. Indeed, it is possible to measure effective than B12. lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity and  Ozonated olive oil – Ozone is bubbled markers typical of oxidative status and through oil until the oil is thickened. enzyme activities in plasma. Many of these This will produce ozonides that are parameters are cumbersome to measure not irritating and thus is applied (for example, assay of isoprostanes and 8- topically even to eyes. hydroxyguanosine as markers of oxidative  Inhalation – Ozone that has been status) or time-consuming (enzyme bubbled through olive oil and activities) or without commercially humidified will not irritate available kits (2-3 diphosphoglyceric acid) respiratory epithelium. 22, 23. In this case two parameters of lipid  Subconjunctival injection – For ulcers peroxidation are used that are relatively and keratitis sicca. easy to measure and give reproducible  Gingival and tooth apex injection – results: 1. Assay of thiobarbituric acid Can eliminate infection. reactive substances (TBARS) 7:  Urinary bladder insufflation – For Ozone in plasma reacts with chronic inflammation. unsaturated fatty acids to produce a  Disc protrusions – Prolotherapy, vast range of aldehydes, including which can be injected at interspinous malonyldialdehyde (MDA). space and around facets, stabilize Determination of MDA gives an joints and accelerate healing. indication of the degree of  Auricular – Can be direct, humidified, peroxidation. The method, or bagged with a homemade device described by Buege & Aust, is a made from IV bags and tubing10. colorimetric determination based

on reaction with thiobarbituric acid Concomitant treatment (TBA). This determination is useful Anticoagulants such as heparin can be used in clinical practice, providing an to reduce the possibility of clotting during indication of the degree of autohemotherapy15-17. Heat and ultraviolet peroxidation of treated blood. irradiation can also be in autohemotherapy Greater the peroxidation, greater is or intramuscular ozonated blood injections, the concentration of TBARS24. presumably to enhance the antimicrobial 2. Assay of protein thiol groups activity of ozone18-20. The study on retinitis (PTG) 25: pigmentosa also used electrical stimulation, Plasma protein sulphydryl groups ocular surgery, vasodilators, B-carotene and are the first line of defense against 21 multivitamins in conjunction with ozone . oxidants. PTG are released in the For e.g. if ozone administration causes any reaction and can be detected by the respiratory irritation from out-gassing Ellman reagent which produces a through the lungs, a bolus dose of 1 to 5 colored compound, measured by grams of vitamin C can be given and will spectrophotometry. Ozone causes a eliminate any coughing instantly6,11. decrease in PTG in plasma. The

patterns of TBARS and PTG provide

sufficient indication of peroxidation

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status induced by ozone in clinical immune system. These results need practice7, 8. to be verified with a larger controlled trial of patients from Dosage both phases. The dosage of ozone used therapeutically in 3. A cohort study of 5 patients with these studies was mainly reported in AIDS-related intractable diarrhea gammas. The conversion for gammas to were treated with 21-28 daily more familiar units is as follows: colonic ozone insufflation 1 µg/ml = 1 mg/l = 1 g/m3 = 1 gamma treatments reported that at the 6- The dosage range reported in these studies month follow-up, 3 patients varied from .00001 gammas (Ionozone experienced complete resolution of therapy) 26, 27 to 100 gammas diarrhea, 1 improved. The fifth (autohemotherapy) 28. patient, whose diarrhea was due to Cryptosporidium, experienced no change. There was no change in Table 1: Ozone doses used in CD4/CD8 ratio pre- and post- autohaemotherapy Pathology Ozone doses (µg/ml treatment. per gram of blood) Initial Final B. Skin healing: Vascular disease 20 40 Degenerative disease 20 40 1. A cohort study of 35 patients with Infectious disease 25 70 gunshot wound-related skin grafts Respiratory disease 20 40 treated with ozone bagging Autoimmune disease 20 40 Metastatic cancer 25 80 techniques every other day for 10 days reported that 75% of skin Case Studies grafts were successful with ozone, compared with only 40% of skin A. HIV/AIDS: grafts without ozone21. 1. A cohort study of 9 patients with 2. A cohort study of 200 patients with intermediate HIV as determined by open wounds, ulcers, and pressure CD4 lymphocyte count. These sores treated with Ionozone therapy patients were treated with 4-8 2-7 times/week reported that 168 weeks of intramuscular ozone patients were healed, 19 had injection treatment. This method of considerable improvement, 8 had ozone administration reported no some improvement, and 5 had no significant difference in lymphocyte response29. count pre and post-treatment; HIV 3. A cohort study of 10 patients with p24 antigen titer did not change retinitis pigmentosa treated with significantly. ozone autohemotherapy, electrical 2. A cohort study of 4 patients with stimulation, ocular surgery, phase 2 AIDS treated with daily vasodilators, β carotene, and ozone autohemotherapy for 5-10 multivitamins reported no days reported an average increase significant change in visual acuity in immunological response to all 3 after 6-8 months 21, 27. mutagens examined. In addition, all symptomatic patients experienced Adverse events clinical improvement and there As with other non-conventional therapies, were clinical trends that the safety is a primary concern. Adverse patient’s antibody mediated reactions of ozone that were revealed from immunity was shifting back to a the human studies are erythrocyte damage, normal cellular mediated immunity. hemolysis reduced glutathione This was a promising outcome that concentration, reduced leukocyte viability, may indicate a reversal of the AIDS cytokine production and pancytopenia 20, 30, related downward spiral of the 31.

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Major effects of ozone therapies both Arteriosclerosis and 1. Ozone Therapy stimulates the Arthrosclerosis. production of white blood cells. 9. This means ozone has a tendency to These cells protect the body from clear blockages of large and even viruses, bacteria, fungi and cancer. smaller vessels. This allows for If, deprived of oxygen, these cells better tissue oxygenation in malfunction. They fail to eliminate deficient organs. invaders and even turn against 10. Ozone increases the flexibility and normal, healthy cells (allergic elasticity of red blood cells. reactions). Ozone significantly 11. Ozone accelerates the Citric Acid raises the oxygen levels in the blood Cycle. Also known as the Krebs cycle for long periods after ozone or TCA Cycle, this is a very administration; as a result, allergies important step in the glycolysis of have a tendency to become carbohydrates for energy. desensitized. 12. Ozone makes the antioxidant 2. Interferon levels are significantly enzyme system more efficient. increased. Interferons are globular 13. Ozone degrades petrochemicals. proteins. Interferon inhibits viral These chemicals have a potential to replication. place a great burden on the immune 3. Ozone Therapy stimulates the system7, 15-17. production of Tumor Necrosis 14. Ozonized water is particularly used Factor. TNF is produced by the body in dental medicine in a form of when a tumor is growing. Ozone spray or compress. stimulates the secretion of Interluekin-2 (IL-2). IL-2 is one of Merits of ozone therapies the cornerstones of the immune Ozone therapies are thought to benefit system. It is secreted by T-helpers. patients in the following ways: T-helper causes it to produce more  It improves circulation, oxygenates IL-2. Ozone's main duty is to induce hemoglobin, kills parasites, corrects Lymphocytes to differentiate and dizziness, neutralizes acid and proliferate, yielding more T-helpers, overcomes weakness T-suppressors, cytotoxic T's, T-  It acts as cell energizer, vitality delayed's and T-memory cells. booster, immune enhancer, skin 4. Ozone Therapy kills most bacteria at purifier, liver cleanser, blood low concentrations. purifier 5. Ozone is effective against all types of  It kills viruses (ozone and hydrogen fungi. This includes systemic peroxide) Candida albicans, athlete's foot,  It improves the delivery of oxygen molds, mildews, yeasts, and even from the blood stream to the tissues mushrooms. of the body 6. Ozone fights viruses in a variety of  It speeds up the breakdown of ways. As discussed above, ozone petrochemicals also goes after the viral particles  It increases the production of directly. interferon and tumor necrosis 7. Ozone is antineoplastic. This means factor, thus helping the body to fight that ozone inhibits the growth of infections and cancers new tissue because rapidly dividing  It increases the efficiency of cells shift their priorities away from antioxidant enzymes producing the enzymes needed to  It increases the flexibility and protect themselves from the ozone. efficiency of the membranes of red Cancer cells are rapidly-dividing blood cells cells and are inhibited by ozone. 8. Ozone oxidizes arterial plaque. It breaks down the plaque involved in 68

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