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Lo Sguardo.Net © LO SGUARDO - RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA - ISSN: 2036-6558 N. 10, 2012 (III) - LA RIVOLUZIONE INTERIORE Lo Sguardo rivista di filosofia .net La rivoluzione interiore N. 10, 2012 (III) {a cura di Marzia Caciolini 1 ISSN: 2036-6558 LO SGUARDO – RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA Aut. Tribunale di Roma n° 387/2011 ISSN: 2036-6558 COMITATO SCIENTIFICO: NUNZIO AllOCCA (SAPIENZA Università di Roma), ANTONEllO D’ANGELO (SAPIENZA Università di Roma), PAOLO D’ANGELO (Università degli studi Roma Tre), MÁRIO SANTIAGO DE CARVALHO (Universidade de Coimbra), ROBERTO ESPOSITO (Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane), MIGUEL ANGEL GRANADA (Universidat Autònoma de Barcelona) DANIELE GUASTINI (SAPIENZA Università di Roma), MARCEllO MUSTÉ (SAPIENZA Università di Roma), CORRADO OCONE (LUISS Guido Carli), MARIA TERESA PANSERA (Università degli studi Roma Tre), FABIO POLIDORI (Università degli studi di Trieste), LORENA PRETA (Psicanalista, membro ordinario SPI), PAOLA RODANO (SAPIENZA Università di Roma), WOlfGANG ROTHER (Universität Zürich), FRANCESCO SAVERIO TRINCIA (SAPIENZA Università di Roma) CAPOREDATTORI: Simone Guidi, Antonio Lucci REDAZIONE: Federica Buongiorno, Marzia Caciolini, Marco Carassai, Lorenzo Ciavatta, Jacopo Francesco Falà, Andrea Pinazzi, Libera Pisano Sito web: www.losguardo.net Contatti: [email protected] “Lo Sguardo” è una rivista elettronica di filosofia Open access promossa da Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura. A partire dal 2010 la rivista pubblica con cadenza quadrimestrale numeri esclusivamente monotematici costituiti da articoli scientifici inediti, saggi-intervista, traduzioni di estratti da opere scientifiche significative e di recente pubblicazione o articoli rilevanti per la comunità scientifica, recensioni di libri ed eventi culturali. Le sezioni che compongono “Lo Sguardo” sono: “Articoli”: la sezione ospita contributi scientifici prodotti e sottoposti su invito diretto della redazione. Tutti i contributi della detta sezione sono sottoposti a peer review dal Comitato dei lettori della rivista. “Interviste”: la sezione ospita saggi-intervista ad autori di opere o edizioni di opere rilevanti per il panorama scientifico e luminari di chiara fama sulle questioni di competenza dei singoli numeri. “Contributi”: la sezione, attiva a partire dal numero di Giugno (IX, 2012) ospita contributi scientifici prodotti e sottoposti in risposta ai Call for papers pubblicati per ogni singolo numero dai relativi curatori. Tutti i contributi della detta sezione sono sottoposti ad un doppio blind review da parte del Comitato dei lettori e altri collaboratori, esperti nelle materie in questione, selezionati per l’occasione dai responsabili della rivista. “Testi”: la sezione ospita prime traduzioni italiane di estratti da opere scientifiche significative e di recente pubblicazione o articoli rilevanti per la comunità scientifica e/o di difficile reperibilità. “Recensioni, discussioni e note”: la sezione ospita recensioni, note o discussioni che abbiano come oggetto pubblicazioni scientifiche. Lo Sguardo è un progetto dell’Associazione Culturale Ex Nihilo. N. 10, 2012 (III) La rivoluzione interiore a cura di Marzia Caciolini Indice: «There’s a place and means for every man alive» Editoriale di Marzia Caciolini ...................................pp. 5-8 ¶ Sezione Prima: Spirito. Discesa nel foro interiore Articoli/1: Communautés du silence: clôtures, intériorité, règles et traditions monastiques à la fin du XVIIe siècle, di Frédéric Gabriel ............................................pp. 11-37 Articoli/2: I gesuiti e la confessione, di Giancarlo Angelozzi. .pp. 39-53 Articoli/3: Humble Knowing: The Epistemological Role of Humility, di Karmen Mac Kendrick ............................pp. 55-69 Articoli/4: Weakness of Will and the Gift of Grace: Martin Luther’s Contribution, di Risto Saarinen .................................pp. 71-81 ¶ Sezione Seconda: Spiriti. Distanza e immaginazione Articoli/5: Pouvoirs lointains de l’âme et des corps: éléments de réflexion sur l’action à distance entre philosophie et magie, entre Moyen Âge et Renaissance, di Nicolas Weill Parot .................pp. 85-98 Testi/1: Castelli in aria: immaginazione e spirito della natura in Henry More, di Koen Vermeir ................................pp. 99-124 Articoli/6: Music and Meditative Practices in Early Modern Alchemy: The Example of the Atalanta fugiens, di Kathleen Perry Long .........................................pp.125-131 Contributi/1: L’immaginazione come causalità ideale: la psicologia di Spinoza, di Maurizio Scandella ....................pp.133-146 ¶ Sezione Terza: Tecniche. Facoltà interne alla prova Artic0li/7: Intelletto, immaginazione e identità: la forza della contractio nel Sigillus sigillorum di Giordano Bruno, di Marco Matteoli .............................................pp.149-168 Articoli/8: Couleur et composition dans la théorie de la peinture à l’âge humaniste et classique (Ludovico Dolce et Roger de Piles) di Pierre Caye ................................................pp. 169-182 Articoli/9: E’ sufficiente un solo senso interno? La psicologia dell’immaginazione nella prima età moderna e le sue difficoltà, di Francesco Piro. pp. 183-197 Interviste/1: Ingegni e congegni: intervista a Giacomo Scarpelli, a cura di Marzia Caciolini .....................pp. 199-204 ¶ Sezione Quarta: Sapere. Scienza dell’interiorità Articoli/10: Jesuit Scientific Tradition and Ignatian Spirituality di Augustin Udias .............................................pp. 207-219 Contributi/2: In pellegrinaggio verso il Sé. La Sapientia come conoscenza interiore in Charles de Bovelles, di Cesare Catà. ................................................pp. 221-235 Articoli/11: Anatomia comparata e fisiologia dei sensi interni. L’animismo di Claude Perrault e la storia naturale degli animali nella prima Académie royale des sciences di Parigi, di Nunzio Allocca .............................................pp. 237-249 © LO SGUARDO - RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA - ISSN: 2036-6558 N. 10, 2012 (III) - LA RIVOLUZIONE INTERIORE Editoriale «There’s a place and means for every man alive» di Marzia Caciolini La rivoluzione interiore La scoperta dell’America ha posto un termine di validità al sapere acquisito, sconvolgendo il paradigma scientifico-filosofico valido fino a quel momento. Nuovi territori hanno reso necessaria la riconfigurazione non solo delle carte, ma anche delle conoscenze fisiche e astronomiche, e nuovi uomini - gli indigeni - hanno costretto i “vecchi” uomini a un ripensamento dell’antropologia, del diritto e della teologia. La prima età moderna conosce tuttavia un’ulteriore scoperta, che, come e forse più dell’impresa di Colombo, ha condotto l’uomo a esplorare i propri limiti e le proprie potenzialità: la scoperta dell’interiorità. Essa è intimamente connessa con una diversa presa di coscienza di sé, che diventa luogo privilegiato di una metamorfosi: quella della forma in anima, e della materia in corpo, che si uniscono nel concorso alla definizione dell’individuo. Con “rivoluzione interiore” ci si riferisce a un fenomeno del tutto umano, che tra il XV e il XVII secolo è stato protagonista di una violenta accelerazione. Si tratta di un processo oggetto di studio privilegiato non solo della storia della filosofia, ma anche della storia delle dottrine teologiche (un nome tra tutti, quello di John Bossy) e presente, seppur implicitamente, nelle pagine di storia della scienza del Novecento (pensiamo semplicemente a Khun e Rossi). La rivoluzione interiore non può non richiamare, per sincronia e “omonimia”, quella scientifica. Fatte salve le caratteristiche, per così dire, “accidentali” che le accomunano (vale a dire, la denominazione e il periodo storico), ci sono ragioni più profonde, ulteriori... interiori, che permettono di interpretarle senza soluzione di continuità. Per possedere e comprendere la nuova dimensione del sé, c’è bisogno di un nuovo metodo di osservazione e di nuove unità di misura. Questo numero esplora sotto la prospettiva dell’interiorità gli sviluppi cinque-seicenteschi dell’ideale umanistico di homo faber sui, con particolare attenzione per l’evoluzione dei suoi strumenti cognitivi, ovvero le facoltà ausiliarie dell’intelletto quali memoria, immaginazione e fantasia. Dottrine gnoseologiche che l’età moderna assume in una prospettiva in particolar modo controriformista, nel tentativo di far coincidere il percorso del viator con la conquista della Grazia, attraverso un lavoro personale di conquista e riarticolazione della propria interiorità. Certo, l’idea dell’individuo che contrappone una dimensione mondana in comune con gli altri alla sua personale dimensione spirituale non è sconosciuta al protestantesimo e alle correnti religiose e filosofiche da esso 5 © LO SGUARDO - RIVISTA DI FILOSOFIA - ISSN: 2036-6558 N. 10, 2012 (III) - LA RIVOLUZIONE INTERIORE generate. C’è però una differenza fondamentale tra il sé “riformato” e quello “contro-riformato”, che consiste nell’essere, il primo, isolato in un rapporto asimmetrico di attesa, che non si avvale della mediazione dei sensi e del fare, in cui le potenzialità dell’uomo sono concentrate su una speranza cieca, insensata, nella Grazia divina. Dalla sua parte la spiritualità gesuita, che trova le radici negli Esercizi Spirituali di Ignazio di Loyola, è forse quella che promuove più manifestamente l’edificazione dell’individuo, nella possibilità che egli compia un percorso basato su una relazione di reciprocità (e non di sottomissione o di fatalità) con il trascendente. La pedagogia, la meditazione e l’esercizio sono alcune
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