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Meanings in Human Body Idioms

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Meanings in Human Body Idioms PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI MEANINGS IN HUMAN BODY IDIOMS A THESIS Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Magister Humaniora (M. Hum) in English Language Studies by Sonya Roselina 086332021 THE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2012 i PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is the result of contribution of many people, without whose support the accomplishment of such a project would have been impossible. All of them deserve my sincere gratitude and appreciation. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. B.B. Dwijatmoko, M.A., for the continuous support of my study and research, for his understanding, motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I wish to express my warm and sincere thankfulness to Prof. Dr. Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo, Dr. Fr. B. Alip, M.Pd., M.A., and Dr. Novita Dewi, M.S., M.A. (Hons) for the kind support and guidance throughout my study in Sanata Dharma University. I acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. Dr. Agustinus Supratiknya, the Director of the Graduate Program of Sanata Dharma University, who has given me the chance to finish the study. Deep appreciation goes to all of English lecturers at the Graduate Program of Sanata Dharma University for the valuable knowledge. The same appreciation goes to those who work in the office, the computer laboratory and the library. Their cooperation and kindness makes it possible for me to finish my study. I owe my loving thanks to my parents Sofyan P. Warsito and Utary S. Sofyan, without whose support and patience it would have been impossible for me to finish my study. I am deeply grateful to my lovely sister Sofi Roselinda, who has always cared of and believed in me. vi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI I am indebted to many of my friends, Wedha, Sesco, Eko, Sisca, Indri, Novi, Uda, Terry, Ika, Nana, and the others, for the precious friendship, support and encouragement during my study and research. Lastly, I offer my regards and blessings to all of those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the study. vii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE ........................................................................................................................... i APPROVAL PAGE...................................................................................................... ii THESIS DEFENSE APPROVAL PAGE.................................................................. iii STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY........................................................................... iv LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ........................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................ vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................ x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ xii ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problem Formulation................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Research Objectives .................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research Benefits ...................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW................................................................. 7 2.1 Idioms ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1Definition ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2The Relation Between Literal and Figurative Meanings of Idioms................ 11 2.1.3The Analyzability of Idioms ........................................................................... 13 2.2 Literal Meaning and Figurative Meaning............................................................... 17 2.2.1Literal Meaning............................................................................................... 17 2.2.2Figurative Language........................................................................................ 20 2.3 Componential Analysis of Meaning....................................................................... 23 2.3.1Definition and Early Developments of Componential Analysis..................... 23 2.3.2Procedure in Componential Analysis by Nida (1975) .................................... 25 2.3.3Difficulties and the Applications of Componential Analysis ........................ 29 2.4 Related Studies ........................................................................................................ 31 2.5 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER III THE METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 36 3.1 Type of Study ......................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Research Data.......................................................................................................... 37 3.3 Data Analysis........................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS......................................................................................... 41 4.1 The Relation between the Literal and the Figurative Meanings............................. 41 4.1.1 The Data ........................................................................................................ 41 4.1.2 Results and Discussion of the First Cycle...................................................... 42 viii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI 4.1.3 Results and Discussion of the Second Cycle ................................................ 61 4.1.4 Results and Discussion of the Overall Findings Regarding the First Research Question ......................................................................................... 74 4.2 The Dominant Semantic Features of the Parts of the Body in Idioms .................... 77 4.2.1 The Data ........................................................................................................ 77 4.2.2 Results and Discussion of the First Cycle...................................................... 78 4.2.3 Results and Discussion of the Second Cycle ................................................. 85 4.2.4 Results and Discussion of the Third Cycle .................................................... 91 4.2.5 Results and Discussion of the Overall Findings Regarding the Second Research Question ......................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION.................................................................................. 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 106 APPENDICES........................................................................................................... 109 APPENDIX 1 RESULTS OF THE FIRST CYCLE .................................................. 109 APPENDIX 2 RESULTS OF THE SECOND CYCLE .............................................. 119 APPENDIX 3 RESULTS OF THE THIRD CYCLE.................................................. 128 ix PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Relations between the literal and the figurative meanings (first cycle)......... 43 Table 2. Idioms with relatively clear relations between the literal and figurative meanings (first cycle) .................................................................................... 44 Table 3. Idioms involving illustrations to bridge the literal and the figurative meanings (first cycle) .................................................................................... 49 Table 4. Idioms involving illustrations of animals (first cycle)................................... 50 Table 5. Idioms involving the extended meanings of the constituents (first cycle) ... 52 Table 6. Idioms with unclear relations between the literal and the figurative meanings (first cycle)....................................................................................
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