INSTITUT URD DE PARIS Bulletin De

INSTITUT URD DE PARIS

Bulletin de liaison et d'information I N° 148-149 I Juillet-Août 1997 ~--., I

Ce bulletin paraît en français. allemand. anglais. kurde. espagnol et turc.

Prix au numéro: France: 30 FF - Etranger: 35 FF Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France: 300 FF- Etranger: 350 FF

Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN

Numéro de la Commission Paritaire: 659 15 A.S. ISSN 0761 1285

INSTITUT KURDE. 106. rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : (1) 48246464 - Fax: 47709904 Sommaire

, • LA TURQUIE RECONNAIT L'EVACUATION DE 3185 VlLLAGS KURDES DEPUIS 1990

• PACIFISTES EUROPÉENS INDÉSIRABLES EN TURQUIE

• LA NOUVELLE COAunON DE MESUT YILMAI OBnENT LA CONFIANCE DU PARLEMENT

• DES CONGRESSMEN AMÉRICAINS LANCENT UNE CAMPAGNE POUR LA UBÉRAnON DE LA DÉPUTÉE KURDE LEYlA ZANA

• AINSI QUE ...

• EN BREF,LA REWE DE PRESSE

déplacée, 11032 paysans ont par la suite été autorisés à regagner 63 villages et 27 hameaux. 87% des LA TURQUIE RECONNAIT [EVACUATION paysans déplacés vivent en dessous du seuil de pauvreté. ,dls ont Itl dépossédés DE 3185 VILLAGES KURDES DEPUIS 1990 te n'ont plus aucun litn avu leurs champs. leurs vergers et leurs autres biem restlsà l'abandon dam les villages évacuésquand ils n'ont pas été détruits L'ISSUE d'une visite Commission, Seyit Hasim Hasimi, et incenditsn a encore ajouté M. d'information dans les député de Diyarbakir, a indiqué que Hasimi. «Lesgem ont besoin du pain provinces kurdes, une ces données officielles ont été pour survivre; ties Ipidlmies comme la mission de la Commission communiquées à la mission par la fièvre typhoïtle et la jaunisse ont atteint d'enquête parlementaire préfecture de la région d'état des dimemions effroyables au sein de sur les migrations a révélé d'urgence (OHAL). Selon ces cettepopulation .. a poursuivi le député ces chiffres au cours d'une données 853 villages et 2332 qui décrit Diyarbakir comme (da conférence de presse donnée le 28 hameaux ont été complètement capitale de la misère où on compu juillet à Diyarbakir au siège de évacués de leurs 364742 habitants 311.000 adultes au chômage contre l'Association des journalistes du Sud- dans le cadre de «la lutu contre le 127.000 qui ont un emploi plus ou Est. Le présiden t de cette urrorismen. Sur cette population moins stabk.•. • 2 • Bulletin de liaison et d'information nO 148-149 • Juillet-Août 1997

Les destructions de villages se sont Turquie. Ce qui donne une indication moyen de subsistance traditionnelle poursuivies en juin et juillet dans les sur l'ampleur des déplacements des était l'élevage; ce moyen n'existant provinces de Mardin et de Batman. populations dus à la guerre du plus en raison de la guerre, les familles Dans la province de Dersim (Tunceli) Kurdistan. Pour la première fois se trouvent en situation de détresse. la population accuse l'armée depuis le début de la politique de la «Les enfants, tout comme leursfamilles, d'incendier les forêts de chênes. Un terre brûlée conduite par l'armée sont obligés de faire des petits boulots élu de cette province, le député Orhan turque dans le Kurdistan, une comme étalagistes, cireurs, balayeurs et Veli Yildirim a accusé, le 5 août 1997, recherche universitaire vient d'être contribuent ainsi au budget de leurs l'armée pour l'attaque aux mortiers réalisée sur la population dont les familles. Néanmoins, il n'y a qu'une contre le village de Karsilar, à l'est de villages om été évacués,' axée sur les partie infime d'entre eux qui parvient à la ville de Tunceli, tuant une femme enfants. Cette recherche a. été trouver ou à faire ce genre de petits âgée de 55 ans et blessant trois autres conduite par le chercheur Ahmet boulotsliindique encore le rapport. personnes. «L'armée était responsablede Bilgili, directeur du département de l'attaque. Deux officiers sont même allés sociologie de l'université Yüzüncü. Yil, Diyarbakir, dont la population était s'exc~ser... Dix jours plus tôt le village à Van. Le chercheur a analysé, durant de 381 000 il y a encore sept ans, est avait été la cible d'une attaque aux l'année universitaire 1996, les en tête des villes affectées par la mortiers pour intimider les villageois» a- mouvements démographiques en . politique de déplacements forcés. Sa t-il déclaré à la presse. Depuis 1994, la relation avec la guerre du Kurdistan, population est estimée aujourd'hui à province de Tunceli est sous embargo dans l'Est de l'Anatolie. A l'issue de 1,5 millions. La recherche de M. alimentaire imposé par l'armée sous cette recherche, il a écrit un rapport Bilgili conduit à la conclusion que ce prétexte de «couper l'aide logistique aux inritulé :»Rapport sur les enfants issus sont les enfants qui font les frais de séparatistes». M. Yildrim a affirmé que de la migration Mns l'Est de l'Anatolie». ces déplacements forcés car «Il n'estpas «80% des routes (dans la province de possible que les enfants se sentent en Tunceli) sont bloquées à partir de 15h. De larges extraits de ce rapport ont sûreté au coursde ceprocessusqui affecte Toutes nos écoles sont fermées ... Notre été publiés dans l'édition du 28 juillet de manière très considérable les enfants population persécutée, dans la nuit par du Hurriyet. En ce qui concerne la vivant sous le régime de lëtat d'urgence. les terroristes et dans la journée par province de Van, M. Bilgili a mené Déjà, ils ne comprennent pas le sens des l'État». Les autorités locales nient des enquêtes et des entretiensda:ns les déplacements forcés de l'état d'urgence. l'existence d'un tel embargo. Le quatre cam ps et les trois cen tres Les enfants victimes des déplacements gouverneur militaire de Tunecli d'habitations en bordure de la ville où forcésgrandissent dans un état d'anxiété déclare. néanmoins: «If n'y a pas sont regroupés les familles déplacées. et Mns un état d'esprit:détfuiSi:znt leur d'embargo à Tunceli. Mais nous Il s'est également entretenu avec des sentiment de confianc(>•. Le chercheur envoyons les produits alimentaires aux élèves, des chefs de familles et des se plaint qu'aucun service d'assistance villages d'une façon contrôlée». Les instituteurs. Afin de mieux n'est assuré par les autorités et habitants de Tunceli pour se procurer communiquer avec les enfants, il s'est explique que «l'enfant s'habitue à des produits alimentaires doivent servi d'interprètes kurdes. La ville de l'ei/droit où il naît ei où il grandit. d'abord passer par un poste de Van, selon le dernier recensement de Dans un endroit qui lui estfamilier, il commissariat pour déclarer le nombre 1990, comptait 153.000 habitants. Sa se sent en sûreté. S'il est détaché de son exact des membres de leurs familles population a triplé depuis, passant à environnement social et naturel où il a afin d'obtenir un document leur 457000 habitants, selon les grandi, il éprouve le besoin d'être aidé permettant de faire leurs courses. «Les statistiques de la préfecture. Les pour s'habituer à s(1n. nouvel militaires disent aux habitants: partez, subventions attribuées à la maire se environnement. Mais malheureuSement, peu importe la destination, mais partez font toujours en fonction du dernier il n'existeaucun moyen d'assisianc.eMns d'ici, et maintenant ils les bombardent>. recensement. «Nous avons~é à 6,6le notre pays pour venir en aide aux a déclaré Huseyin Ayrilmaz président nombre d'enfants par famille déplacée. enfants victimes à ce genre de fléau.» de l'Association de culture et de Les familles vivent avec leurs enfants Étant donné la situationdésistreuse solidarité de Tunceli, basée à Istanbul. Mns des endroits exigus. Si l'on prend dans laquelle se trouvent les familles en compte leurs parents proches, on se déplacées, le chercheur e~plique Selon le quotidien Hürriyet du 28 retrouve alorsavec une population de 20 comment celles-ci en arrivent à juillet on compte actuellement 3 à 25 personnes vivant dans le même considérer leurs enfants comme des millions d'enfantS déplacés en endroit.» relève le chercheur. L'unique moyens de subsistance «A la question Il 148-149. Judlet Aout 1997 Bulletlll de l,O/sail et d'illformatioll • 3 •

(voulez-vous que vos enfants travaillent à l'écart de la sphère politique. «Il ne manifestations de cette nature pour rapporta de l'argent?), 64% des faut jamais tollrer la mort et la susceptibles de troubler l'ordre publio> a sondés répondent par laffirmative. A la souffrance des enfants quelle que soit déclaré sans ambages ce préfet. Selon question (De quoi vivez-vous l'ampleur des conflits armés. C'est le vice-Premier ministre turc, Bulent actuellement?) 15% des sondés pourquoi les enfants devraient être tenus Ecevit, «cegenre de maniftstations tend répondent (grâce à l'argent gagné par à l'écart de toute comidlration politique. à redonner du souffle et de la légitimité leurs enfants) comme ils ne peuvent Il faudrait agir d'urgence afin de créer aux organisations séparatistes au trouver de travail eux-mhnes. Il savrre une éthique publique pour la protection moment même où notre armée est en que la contribution de l'enfant à la dn droits des enfants( ..) «Des train de les éradiquer définitivement. famille par sa fôrce du travail devient enseignants de langue maternelle. le Le gouvernement ne peut tolérer de tels une nécessitéen raison des déplacements kurde, doivent être désignés. . M. troub!es». M. Ecevit prône par ailleurs fôrcés». La pauvreté détruit ainsi toutes Bilgili affirme que le choix la mise en oeuvre rapide de son plan les structures socio-économiques de la d'enseignants kurdophones faciliterait de création de «village-villes» (Köy- famille. les contacts avec les enfants. Pour ce Ken t) version turque des hameaux faire «ces enceignants devraient stratégiques édifiés dans les années A l'issue de ses études du terrain le absolument passer par une fôrmation 1980 par Saddam Hussein pour chercheur fait les propositions spéciale (.)>>. Enfin le chercheur estime interner les paysans kurdes dont les su ivan tes pour attén uer l' im pact qu'il faut encourager la population à villages venaient d'être détruits par néfaste des déplacements forcés sur les adopter les enfants déplacés. l'armée. Selon la chaîne enfants: Les enfants doivent être tenus d'informations turque NTV, la ville de Diyarbakir se trouvait sous état de siège le 1er septembre: des blindés ont pris position dans les points DES PACIFISTES EUROPÉENS importants de la ville et un poste de gendarmerie a été installé dans INDÉSIRABLES EN TURQUIE l'aéroport de la ville pour refouler les pacifistes dès leur arrivée. Les responsables du parti pro-kurde HADEP à Diyarbakir ainsi 450 L'INITIATIVE de arrivée par avion à Ankara et a été personnes ont été arrêtés par la police. «l'Appel de HanOVer», une accueillie par 3000 personnes. Des organisation de droits de dizaines de cars sont partis de Après une garde à vue de 24 heures, l'homme basée en différentes villes de Turquie pour ils ont été libérés à l'exception de 14 Allemagne, un «train de la arriver en même que les délégués d'entre eux considérés comme des paix» devait partir le 26 européens le lundi 1er septembre à «meneurs» qui ont été déférés à la août de Bruxelles à Diyarbakir. Néanmoins les sept cars Cour de Sûreté de l'État. Les autocars destination de la capitale kurde qui transportaient les délégués ont été transportant les pacifistes ont Diyarbakir au bord duquel plusieurs stoppés par les militaires turcs sur la également été interdits d'accès à membres d'ONG, des représentants route de Diyarbakir dont l'accès leur a Ankara, sur ordre du préfet. Ceux-ci d'églises ainsi que des parlementaires été interdit. Ceux qui avaient pris ont organisé sur place un sit-in. Des européens devaient prendre place. Ce l'avion, ont, dès leur arrivée. été diplomates occidentaux se sont alors train devait traverser l'Allemagne et interpellés et refoulés vers Ankara. De rendus auprès de leurs ressortissants arriver à Diyarbakir le 1er septembre, même, environ 70 autocars pour les convaincre de poursuivre leur pour la Journée mondiale de la paix. transportant des participants locaux à voyage vers Istanbul. A leur arrivée Le ministre allemand de l'Intérieur a la manifestation pacifique de dans cette ville, les pacifistes ont été interdit la traversée du train en Diyarbakir ont été arrêtés sur ordre du accueillis par un impressionnant Allemagne car, selon Bonn, cette préfet de la Région d'état d'exception dispositif policier. La police turque est initiative est soutenue par le PKK, (OHAL) dans la ville de Birecik, sur également intervenue brutalement organisation interdite en Allemagne. l'Euphrate, située à plus de 150 km de pour empêcher la tenue, le 3 Ce même motif avait auparavant été Diyarbakir. «La Turquie nt une septembre, à l'hôtel Péra Palas, d'une avancé par les autorités turques. Le 31 démocratie, mais les Itrangers doivent conférence de presse par des pacifistes août, une partie des délégués est respecter nos lois qui interdisent des européens. Elle a interpellé, à coups • 4 • Bulletin de liaison et d'information n° 148- 149 • Juillet-Août 1997

de matraques, 18 Européens ainsi garde à vue ainsi que Diele Amer, fils autorités turques. Au mois de mai qu'un diplomate britannique et cinq du poète kurde Musa Anter, et Mme. dernier "Une conférence internationale journalistes turcs. Pour Jon Benjamin, Tomris Ozden, veuve d'un colonel pour un règlement pacifique de la porte-parole de l'ambassade de turc tué au Kurdistan. question kurde» qui devait se tenir à Grande-Bretagne, l'arrestation du Ankara à l'initiative d'une trentaine vice-consul à Istanbul, Neil Frape, est Depuis le début de la guerre du d'organisations internationales les une "grossière violation du statut Kurdistan, route initiative pour la plus représentatives du monde diplomatique». Onze Allemands, un recherche d'une solution politique et occidental, peu suspectes de Danois, un Suisse, deux Espagnnls et pacifique de la question kurde est sympathies pour le PKK, a également un Britannique ont été placés en systématiquement interdite par les été interdite par les militaires turcs,

Dogu Perincek, connu pour ses liens étroits avec l'armée. Celui-ci a affirmé être en possession de documents LA NOUVELLE COALITION DE MESUT démontrant que Mme. Çiller travaillait YILMAZ OBTIENT LA CONFIANCE DU comme un agent de la CIA sous le nom de code "la rose d'Istanbul» contre un PARLEMENT salaire annuel de $100 000. Mme. Çiller avait dans le passé fait l'objet de plusieurs enquêtes parlementaires A coalition dirigée par d'écoles religieuses.' Cètte mesure a pour d~s àffaires de c~rruption. En Mesut Yilmaz a obtenu le été qualifiée par l'ancien Premier formant une coalition 12 juillet la confiance du ministre Erbakan d'»exemple de gouvernementale avec les islamistes, parlement, par 281 voix fascisme pro-laïc». Selon lui, le elle avait pu échapper à la justice. contre 256 avec 2 nouveau gouve"rriement conduit le L'àctuel Premier, ministre et rival de abstentions sur un pays vers "le chaoset la confusion». toujours de Mme. Çiller semble ensemble de 550 voix. décidé à la faire condamner. De son Cette cession de vote a, à plusieurs Par ailleurs, un tribunal militaire turc a côté, l'armée très mécontente d'une reprises, été reportée en raison des ouven une enquête sur les allégations tentative d'espionnage de}' état"major échauffourées à coups de poings entre d'une éventuelle collaboration de organisée par l'ancien ministre de les députés déclenchées lorsqu'un l'ancien vice-Premier ministre et l'Intérieur, une proche dèMme. député de la majorité a traité son ministre des Affaires étrangères Mme. Çiller, apparaît désireuse de faire collègue islamiste de "maquereau»; un Çiller avec la CIA. Cette enquête a été payer celle door elle s'est pendan t certain nombre de députés ont tiré ordonnée après des allégations fairespar longtemps servie comme "mailnequin leurs pistolets sans routefois faire feu. le dirigeant du petit parti ouvrier turc, politique». D' entré~ de jeu, le Premier ministre s'est .attelé l'application des mesures exigées par l'armée, qui avait forcé à la DES CONGRESSMEN AMÉRICAINS LANCENT démission l'ancien Premier ministre Erbakan et a permis à M. Yilmaz de UNE CAMPAGNE POUR LA LIBÉRATION DE prendre les rênes du pouvoir. Parmi LA DÉPUTÉE KURDE LETIA uNA les toutes premières mesures à prendre: une épuration dans L'INITIATIVE de 4 ans, a été lancée. Une des accusations l'administration envers les islamistes représentants à la Chambre, retenues par la Cour de Sûreté de l'État accusés de noyautage. La deuxième Elizabeth Furse,John Porrer, d'Ankara qui lesavait condamnés à cette mesure concerne l'éducation dans les Esteban Torres et Frank peine de prison, était notamment une écoles religieuses "Imam Hatip» et Wolf, une campagne de intervention de Mme. lana devant la exigée elle aussi par l'armée a été sensibilisation sur le sorr de Commission Helsinki de la Chambre approuvée, le 22 juillet, par les Mme. lana 'et ses trois des Représentants. Lors de cette différents partis de la coalition; celle- collègues parlementaires, en prison audition, Mme. lana avait lancé 'aux ci permettra la fermeture de centaines depuis mars 1994 et condamnés à 15 Congressmen: "Soutenez les forces n 148 149 • Juillet-Aout 1997 Bulle/Ill de I/O/son e/ d'informotion • 5 •

démocratiques (m Turquie) et aititz-ks citoyms kurdes et leurs parlemmtaires poursuivre Lesgms pour leurs opinions à mena des actions non violenus'll. démocratiquement élus est inacceptabk. poLitiques. Cette campagne a été lancée sous La majorité des élecuurs de la forme d'une lettre qui sera adressée fin conscription où Mme. Zana a été éLue, Nous demandons que vous et septembre au Président Clinton. A ce lui a donné k mandat de ks représmter. L'Administration souLeviez Le cas de jour elle a été signée par 102 mais k gouvernement turc a fait tout Mme. Zana avec Lesautorités turques Congressmen. Cette lettre est libellée son effort pour l'emptcha de k faire. Sa au pLus haut niveau et demandiez son comme suit: «Monsieur le Prlsidmt, voix ne doit pas ((re réduite au silence. immédiate et inconditionnelle Nous vous écrivons pour attira votre C'est un moym parmi d'autres que Le libération, defaçon à ce qu'elLepuisse de attention sur la situation dramatique tit gouvernemmt turc a mis à profit pour nouveau être accueilLiechez- nous. Il LeyLaZana. Premièrefemme kurde élue au ParLemmt turc. Mme. Zana, mtre tit deux mfants, a été élue pour représmter la ville kurde de Diyarbakir par une écrasante majorité en octobre 1991. ELk AINSI QUE.... a été arrêtéepar les autorités turques m mars 1994 dans L'enceintedu Parkmmt et a été condamnle, seLon L'accusation L'ANCIEN MAIRE DE protection des journalistes, Terry retenue par Lesautorités turques, pour DIYARBAKIR MEHDI ZANA Anderson, cette délégation «discours séparatistes» qui ne sont fait CONDAMNÉ À 10 MOIS DE comprenait Peter Arnet représentant que dans l'exercice de son droit à La PRISON. La Cour de Sûreté de l'État du CNN, Robert Ménard, du liberté d'expression pour défendre /es d'Istanbul a condamné, le lundi 14 Reporters sans frontières et Johann droits du peupLe kurde. Elle a été juillet, M. Mehdi Zana à 10 mois de Fitz président de l'Institut condamnée à 15 tit prison m décembre prison et à une amende de $ 540. international de la Presse, basé à 1994. Elle est toujours en prison, à Lancien maire de Diyarbakir et époux Vienne. Elle a d'abord tenu à mettre Ankara. de Mme. Zana, a déjà passé plus de en mains propres le Prix international 15 ans de prison dans les geôles de liberté de la presse à l'éditeur Isik Une des pièces à charge retmue contre turques (ces années de prison sont Yurtçu, du journal pro-kurde Özgür Mme. Zana était son audition m 1993, relatées dans son livre préfacé par Elie Gündem, aujourd'hui interdit, dans sa ici à Washington, devant HeLsinki Weisel :La prison N° 5. édition Arléa). prison à l'ouest du pays où il purge Commission et Le Congrès américain. La Cour de Sûreté motive sa sentence une peine de prison de 15 ans pour Nous trouvons scandaLeux que bien par le caractère «séparatiste» d'un livre «propagande séparatiste». Ce Prix a qu'elle ait été invitée par tits membres de poésie écrit par M. Zana, publié été remis au journaliste turc en du Congrès, son audition ait été une des par la maison d'édition Be/ge. présence de nombreux journalistes et activités qui l'ont conduite enprison. L'éditrice du livre, Mme. Aysenur du romancier Yachar Kemal qui a Zarakoglu, a elle aussi été a déclaré que «Lesdémocrates de Turquie La recherche de Mme. Zana d'un condamnée à une amende de $ 270. ne se sentent pas seuLs. On devient changement démocratique par des Depuis sa libération en décembre nombreux et nos actions deviennent moyens non vioknts a été honoréepar k 1995, Mehdi Zan a a déjà été agissantes». «Vous ne Luttez pas Parlemmt europém qui lui a accordé k condamné à 4,5 ans de prison pour seuLement pour vous mais pour vos Prix Sakharov tit la liberté tit l'esprit m ses écrits. Il vit actuellement en exil en coLLèguespersécutés ici aussi» a déclaré 1995. En outre, Amnesty International Suède. T. Anderson lors de la remise du Prix. et Human Rights ~tch se sont montrés La délégation a rencontré au cours de concernéspar son cas. sa visite de cinq jours le président S. UNE DÉLÉGATION DE Demirel, le Premier ministre, le vice Monsieur k Présititnt, la Turquie est un PLUSIEURS ORGANISATIONS Premier ministre et le ministre des partmaire important tits £tats-Unis, un DE DÉFENSE DE LA LIBERTÉ Affaires étrangères. Lors de sa membre de l'OTAN et un principal DE LA PRESSE REÇUE PAR LES rencontre avec M. Yilmaz, M. récipimdaire de notre aide étrangère DIRIGEANTS TURCS. Dirigée par Anderson lui a indiqué qu'»if y a pLus mais son mauvais traiument de ses le vice président du Comité pour la tit journaListes emprisonnés m Turquie • 6 • Bulletin de liaison et d'information n" 148-149 • Juillet-Août 1997

(au nombre 78) que le total des coups de broche dans une cellule. La n'avaient,. deux mois après leur journalistes emprisonnés en Éthiopie, en deuxième mutinerie est survenue dans lancement, toujours pas été transmis à Chine, au Koweït et en Birmanie». la ville d'Alasehir, à l'ouest de la la Direction de la Sûreté d'Istanbul. L'ensemble des dirigeants turcs ont Turquie, et elle s'est soldée par la Cette affaire devenant très médiatisée promis d'améliorer la situation dans le mort de deux prisonniers. à l'étranger, donc gênante pour domaine de la liberté d'expression. S'exprimant au nom de la plus l'image du gouvernement, celui-ci a. importante centrale syndicale de ordonné la reddition des policiers les A la veille de cene visite, la presse Turquie, M. Ridvan Budak a déclaré plus lourdement impliqués dans le américaine avait publié des éditoriaux que «ceux qui sont responsablesde cette meurtre de Göktepe. critiques vis-à-vis du régime turc dont brutalité pour mater la mutinerie celui, percutant, du New York Times doivent être traduits enjustim). Quant La police n'a finalement obéi qu'à qui commence ainsi: «La Turquie a la au porte-parole de l'Union des contre coeur. Dès le lendemain de distinction honteuse d'emprisonner plus gardiens de prison, Ali Yazici, il a l'incarcération de ces six policiers, lors de journalistes que n'importe quel autre déclaré que «celamontre à quel point le d'une manifestation des islamistes pays du monde». Finalement, le 15 système est pourri ... Ce n'est pas la sous les murs de "état-major des août les autorités turques ont libéré première Jais qu'un tel événement se armées elle est .intervenue avec hargne M. Yurtçu, sans doute, afin d'éviter produit et ce ne serapas la dernière». et brutalité contre des journalistes de devenir une cible fréquente des présents sur les lieux et en a blessé critiques de la presse américaine. Par ailleurs, six des quarante-huit une dizaine, dont 3 grièvement. policiers impliqués dans le meurtre du journaliste Metin Göktepe, du Les manifestants islamistes ont - SEPT MORTS À LA SUITE quotidien Evrensel, se sont présentés brocardé «l'armée ennemie du peuple>', DES MUTINERIES DANS DEUX le 28 juillet au parquet de la .ville «son porte-parole Demirel» et «la PRISONS TURQUES. Protestant d'Afyon, en Anatolie de l'Ouest. Il marionnette Yi!maz». 55 d'entre eux contre les mauvaises conditions de s'agit d'un directeur de la police et de ont été arrêtés. Les islamistes détention et les mauvais traitements, cinq policiers contre lesquels la justice dénoncent " la mise en fiches des prisonniers ont déclenché une avait lancé des mandats d'arrêt. M. systèmatique des citoyenspar la Sûreté mutinerie, le lundi 7 juillet 1997, Göktepe avait été arrêté le 8 janvier militaire" . dans la prison de Metris, prison de 1996 par la police alors qu:il couvrait haute sécurité située dans la partie pour son journal les obsèques de deux Au même moment, le général européenne d'Istanbul. Ancienne détenus tués lors de la répression Karadayi, chef d'état-major des prison militaire et construite à d'une mutinerie dans une prison armées donnait un briefing sur «la l'origine pour accueillir no d'Istanbul. Il avait été battu à mort réaction islamiste et la terreur» au prisonniers, 1274 personnes, pour la par les policiers devant de nombreux Premier ministre Yilmaz, au vice- plupart des Kurdes et des militants de témoins. Son procès, suivi de près par Premier ministre Ecevit et à leurs gauche, sont aujourd'hui entassées des ONG occidentales, notamment principaux ministres convoqués à dans des cellules surchargées. Après Reporters sans frontières, a été, à l'état-major par les chefs militaires. avoir demandé depuis des mois plusieurs reprises, déplacé dans des D'après le Hürriyet du 30 juillet, ces l'amélioration de leurs conditions et juridictions de province «pour des derniers étaient furieux d'entendre devant le refus de l'administration, les raisons de sécurité». Les policiers sous leurs fenêtres «les slogans prisonniers ont, dans la nuit du 8 au impliqués one jusqu'ici injurieux des islamistes» et 9 juillet, mis le feu dans leurs matelas systématiquement refusé de se rendre reprochaient à la police de ne pas en signe de protestation. La police est aux convocations des tribunaux. Lors avoir pu disperser la manifestation. intervenue avec une extrême brutalité de la dernière audience de ce procès, Ces briefings organisés à l'état-major . Bilan: 5 morts et 5 blessés parmi les tenu le 24 juillet à Afyon, malgré les militaire constituent dans le système prisonniers. Pour sa défense, assurances et l,es ordres du Premier turc une sorte de cérémonie l'administration pénitentiaire affirme ministre Mesut Yilmaz les policiers d'adoubement pour le gouvernement qu'elle a demandé l'intervention des prévenus ne s'étaient toujours pas civil auquel les généraux indiquent les équipes spéciales de la police afin présentés à la Cour. Après enquête, le tâches prioritaires qu'il aura à d'arrêter les auteurs de l'exécution nouveau ministre de la Justice a établi accomplir. Le briefing du 29 juillet est d'un prisonnier achevé la veille à que les mandats d'arrêt les visant intervenu quelques jours après la n 148-149. Judlet Août 1997 Bullellf) de llO/son el d'lI1forrno/lon • 7 •

réunion mensuelle du Conseil de réfugils kurtUs». Et d'ajouter que «its !tur utilisation à Chyprt tt au Nord tU sécurité nationale du 25 juillet au Rooivalk pouvaimt ttrt utilisls à att( nrak» a encore ajouté le responsable cours de laquelle avait demandé aux fin». Le gouvernement sud-africain sud-africain. Cependant, à nouvelles autorités civiles de mettre avait levé son embargo sur la vente Washgington après l'aval de la vente en oeuvre avec diligence et d'armes à la Turquie en dernier, controversée de trois frégates à la intégralement toutes les «mtsum anti- décrété au printemps 1996 à la suite marine turque, en raison de la islamisus» qu'ils avaient édictées le 28 de l'incursion militaire turque dans le campagne menée par les organisations février et qui ont conduit à la chute Kurdistan irakien, il vient de le de droits de l'homme et qui était en du cabinet Erbakan. rétablir. Confirmant le rétablissement suspens, le Congrès a finalement de l'embargo sud-africain, le président approuvé la vente de 4 hélicoptères de la Commission susmentionnée, Hawk. Le pré-contrat de cette vente - LA PROLONGATION DE 4 Kader Asmal, a motivé la décision par avait été signé en février dernier MOIS DE L'ÉTAT D'URGENCE «lapoursuit( tUs violations tUs droits dt portant sur un montant de $ 120 DANS LES PROVINCES KURDES /'hommt par la Turquù tt son millions. Accusés de la mise en place a été votée le 9 juillet par le Parlement occupation il/lgalt dt Chypm. "Para d'un «embargo non-déclaré» par turc «conformément aux qu'il s'agissait d'hllicoptèm d'attaqut, Ankara, les Américains ont voulu recommandations du Conseil de nous avions à considirtr la possibilitl tU envoyer un message d'apaisement. sécurité nationale». Seuls certains députés du CHP (parti républicain du peuple) et du Refah ont voté contre cette mesure. La plupart des EN BREF, LA REVUE DE PRESSE provinces kurdes se trouvent depuis 1979 sous le régime d'état d'urgence. Depuis la création de la République turque en 1924, le Kurdistan turc TURQUIE: LA SPIRALE aura ainsi été placé pendant 51 ans INFERNALE. (La Lttfr( dt la LA TURQUIE AFFIRME QUE LA sous des régimes d'exception, d'état Fondation Frana -Libatls, juillet GRt.CE SOUTIENT LE PKK. de siège, de loi martiale ou d'état 1997), p. 1. (Turkish Daily Ntws, 1er juillet 1997), d'urgence! p.S. LE TURC, M. YILMAZ, ASSUME LE POUVOIR AVEC UN YILMAZ SOUHAITE Nt.GOCIER, - LE GOUVERNEMENT SUD- CABINET LAÏC. (Inurnational SI Nt.CESSAIRE, LES MESURES AFRICAIN INTERDIT UNE LA Htra/J Tribunt, 1er juillet 1997), p. IMPOSt.ES PAR L'ARMt.E. (A.Fl? VENTE D'ARMES À 2. 1er juillet 1997), p.6. DESTINATION DE lA TURQUIE. Le journal sud-africain Tht Sunday TILMAZ FORME UN TURQUIE: LES AMBIGUÏTt.S Indepmdant a révélé, le 10 août, que le GOUVERNEMENT DE D'UNE PRESSE À SCANDALE. (Lt gouvernement a émis son veto sur la Rt.CONCILIATlON ". (Turkish Mondt Diplomatique, juillet 1997), vente de 12 hélicoptères Roovialk Daily Ntws, 1er juillet 1997), p.3. p.7. d'un montant 1.2 milliards rands ($257 millions) à destination de la L'OBJECTIF DU PROTOCOLE LE RETOUR DE L'EX-PREMIER Turquie. Cette décision avait été prise DU GOUVERNEMENT: LA MINISTRE TURC SE HEURTE À lors de la réunion de la Commission RESTAURATION DE LA DES OBSTACLES. (The Ntw York nationale de contrôle de vente Rt.PUBLIQUE. (Turkish Daily Nws, Times, 2 juillet 1997), p.8-9. d'armes, le 17 juillet. Laurie Nathan, 1er juillet 1997), p.4. du Centre pour la résolution des MESUT YILMAZ, DE RETOUR conflits, a déclaré à la presse que «la LA FRANCE ET LA TURQUIE AUX AFFAIRES, PRt.SENTE LE Turquit tst coupablt tU commtttrt tUs DÉVELOPPENT LEUR NOUVEAU GOUVERNEMENT violations dts droits dt /'hommt à COOPt.RATION MILITAIRE. TURC. - La coalition tripartite veut /'mcontrt tUs réfugiis kurtUs tt St livrt à (Turkish Daily Nws, 1er juillet 1997), barrer la route aux islamistes. (Lt du bombardtmmts dts camps dt p.S. Mondt, 2 juillet 1997), p.11. • 8 • Bulletin de liaison et d'information n° 148-149 • Juillet-Août 1997

ÇILLER A VOULU CONTRER MASSACRE DE SIVAS: PEINE Quelques chiffres sur le goulag turc. - LES FORCES ARMÉES. - L'ex- CAPITALE REQUISE CONTRE' 38 Coopération militaire renforcée entre Premier ministre a essayé de créer une ACCUSÉS. (A.FR, 4 juillet 1997), la France et la Turquie. (Gamk, 7-8 force de polie loyale envers elle qui p.I8. juillet 1997), p.27 -28. , pourrait contrer l'armée. (Turkish Daily News, 3 juillet 1997), p.I2. LA.RÉFORME À TRAVERS LE AKSENER: NOUS AVONS SCANDALE. (Turkish Daily News, 7 DÉJOUÉ LE COUP D'ÉTAT REPORTÈRES SANS juillet 1997), p.l9. MILITAIRE. (Turkish Daily News. 9 FRONTIÈRES APPELLE AU juillet 1997), p.28-29. REGAIN DU RÊVE PERDU DE L'AMBASSADEUR ÉGYPTIEN: LA LIBERTÉ DE PRESSE. (Turkish " Nous pouvons introduire la Turquie LE RAPPORT DE TOBB: La Daily News, 2 juillet 1997), p.I3. dans le marché arabe et africain ". La province kurde Tunceli a le plus haut Turquie est bienvenue dans la taux de migration. (Turkish Daily HUMAN RIGHTS déclaration de Damas. (Turkish Daily News, 9 juillet 1997), p.29. WATCHÉCOMPENSE 12 News, 7 juillet 1997), p.20. JOURNALISTES TURCS; (Turkish LE SCANDALE DES SERVICES Daily News, 3 juillet 1997), p.I3. LE GROUPE KURDE (PDK) DE RENSEIGNEMENT SECOUE REJETTE LE CESSEZ-LE-FEU LA TURQUIE. (Turkish Daily News, ÇILLER AFFAIBLI PAR LE PROPOSÉ PAR SON RIVAL 10 juillet 1997), p.30-3I. . CHANGEMENT TURC ALORS (UPK). (Turkish Daily News, 6 juillet QUE SON RIVAL ACCEDE AU 1997), p.20. AU MOINS DIX IRAKIENS POUVOIR LA PRESSION MORTS, 25 AUTRES DISPARUS MONTE POUR UNE ENQUETE LA TURQUIE LÈVE DANS UN NAUFRAGE EN MER SUR LA CORRUPTION (SOUS LE L'INTERDICTION DU ÉGÉE. (A.FR, 10 juillet 1997), p.3I. GOUVERNEMENT Çiller). COMMERCE FRONTALIER (International Herald Tribune, 3 juillet AVEC L'IRAK. (A.FR, 7 juillet L'ARMÉE POURSUIT SES ]997), p.I4. 1997), p.2I. EFFORTS EN VUE DE LA DISSOLUTION DU REFAH. HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH LA TENTATIVE DE DONNER (A.FR, 10 juillet 1997), p.32. ÉLÈVE LA VOIX CONTRE LA UNE ORIENTATION FERMETURE DU REFAH. - " Le ISLAMIQUE" À LA POLITIQUE CUPK MENACE DE port du foulard est un droit à la libre ÉTRANGÈRE TURQUE LOIN BOYCOTTER LA COMMISSION expression ". (Turkish Daily News, 4 D'AVOIR RÉUSSI. (Turkish Daily DE COORDINATION DE LA juillet 1997), p.I5. News, 8 juillet 1997), p.22-25." FORCE DE SURVEILLANCE. (A.FR, 10 juillet] 997), p.32. PROG.RÈS AUTHENTIQUE EN LARMÉE PRÉPARAIT UN COUP IRAK DU NORD: Le PDK, l'UPK CONTRE LE GOUVERNEMENT WASHINGTON ESSAIE DE et les Turkmenes tiennent des ERBAKAN, SELON UN ANCIEN RACCOMMODER LES pourparlers approfondis. (Turkish MINISTRE. (A. FR, 8 juillet 1997), RELATIONS AVEC L'IRAN. Daily News, 4 juillet 1997), p.I5. p.25-26. (International Herald Tribune, 10 juillet 1997), p.33. ET LES MILITAIRES HUIT MORTS, .11 BLESSÉS DANS MONTRENT DES SIGNES DE UNE MUTINERIE DANS UNE LA CIA S'AVÈRE NE PAS ÊTRE À MALAISE. (Turkish Daily News, 4 PRISON D'iSTANBUL. (A.FR; 9 ' LA HAUTEUR DE LIRAK ET DE juillet 1997), p.I6. juillet 1997); p.26. SES ALLIÉS KURDES. (International Herald Tribune, Il LE DÉPARTEMENT D'ÉTAT POINT SUR LA SITUATION EN juillet 1997), p.34. AMÉRICAIN: "NOUS TURQUIE: - Formation d'une COflNAISSONS BIEN MESUT coalition fragile. - " Laccession de la LE MINISTRE DES AFFAIRES YILMAZ ". (Turkish Daily News, 4 Turquie à l'Union eùropéenne est ÉTRANGÈRES TURC juillet 1997), p.l7. impossible'" déclare 'M. Kinkel. - RENCONTRE SES HOMOLOGUES FRANÇAIS ET TURQUIE. " Il a y de loin plus de DE L'HOMME (lHD) Ct.LÈBRE ARMt.NIEN. (Turkish Daily Ntws. journalistesen prison en Turquie que SON ONZIÈME ANNIVERSAIRE Il juillet 1997), p.34. dans tout autre pays du monde, y AVEC UNE MANIFESTATION. compris la Chine, la Birmanie et la (TurkishDaily Nws. 18 juillet 1997), LE PARLEMENT DONNE LE FEU Libye.Ce n'est pas acceptablepour un p.SS. VERT À YILMAZ. Des coups de pays démocratique " déclare le poings échangés ont gâché le vote journaliste vétéran Terry Anderson. S. HUSSEIN APPELLE LA alors qu'un député du CHP a brandi (TurkishDaily Ntws. 16 juillet 1997), TURQUIE À CHANGER SES une affiche insultant un député p.4S-46. FAÇONS. (Turkish Daily N~ws, 18 islamiste. (Turkish Daily Ntws. 13 juillet 1997). p.56. juillet 1997), p.3S. LARMt.E DOIT RENFORCER SA FLOTTE AVEC DIX MEHDI ZANA CONDAMNÉ À 10 LES ALt.VIS QUESTIONNENT Ht.LICOPTÈRES CARGO. (Turkish MOIS DE PRISON POUR UN LEUR ANCIENNE INSTITUTION DailyNws. 17 juillet 1997), p.47. LIVRE DE POt.SIE. (Turkish Daily DE " DEDELIK ". (Turkish Daily Nws. 19juillet 1997). p.57. Ntws. 14 juillet 1997), p.36-38. INTELLECTUELS EN CONFLIT AVEC Lt.TAT. (Turkish Daily Nws. RETOUR EN IRAK DE 220 LA COMMISSION DES 17juillet 1997), p.48-49. Rt.FUGIt.S KURDES IRAKIENS. MIGRATIONS NOUVELLEMENT (A.P.P.. 19juillet 1997), p.57. ÉTABLIEDOIT VISITER LE SUD- LES ETATS-UNIS Dt.MENTENT EST. (Turkish Daily Nws, 14 juillet QUE MME. ÇILLER AIT LE DILEMME DU REFAH (PARTI 1997), p.39. TRAVAILŒ POUR LA CIA. (A.P.P., DE LA PROSPÉRITt.). (A.P.P., 21 17juillet 1997), p.50. juillet 1997), p.58. LA DOUBLE PERSONNALITt. NATIONALE: Démocratie et LES DIRIGEANTS KURDES ONT LA TURQUIE VEUT RÉVISER torture. La réputation trouble de la PROMIS DE RESPECTER LE SON ACCORD D'UNION Turquie dans le domaine des droits de CESSEZ-LE-FEU. (A.P.P.. 17 juillet DOUANIÈRE AVEC L'EUROPE. l'homme. (lnurnationa/ Htrald 1997), p.SI. (A.P.P.. 21 juillet 1997), p.59-60. Tribunt. 14juillet 1997), p.40-41. LIBt.RER LA PRESSE TURQUE. ÇILLER REJETTE LA TURQUIE OBTIENT DES (/nurnational Htrald Tribunt, 17 L'ACCUSATION D'~TRE UNE FONDS MEDA (DE L'UNION juillet 1997),p.51. AGENT DE LA C.I.A. (TurkishDaily EUROPt.ENNE). (Turkish Daily Nws. 21 juillet 1997), p.60. Ntws. 14juillet 1997), p.42. LES VENTES D'ARMES AMt.RICAINES DANS LE GOLFE Gt.Nt.RAUX ET POLITIQUES: La LA TURQUIE ET LA PRESSE. RISQUENT D'~TRE t.RODt.ES solitude croissante d'être la Turquie. (/nurnational Htrald Tribunt, 14 PAR LA CHINE ET LES AUTRES. Un pays qui pourrait être le lieu de juillet 1997), p.42. (Inurnational Htrald Tribunt, 17 rencontre de la démocratie et de juillet 1997),p.52. l'islam est en danger d'être une no- LA COMt.DIE DE SE DIRE man's land entre les deux. Cela peut Dt.SOLl~. POUR LES LE PDK ACCUSE DE NOUVEAU être évité. (Turkish Daily Ntws, 22 JOURNALISTES EMPRISONNt.S. L'UPK DE L'AVOIR ATTAQUt.. juillet 1997), p.61-64. (TurkishDaily Nws, 15 juillet 1997), (A.P.P., 18juillet 1997), p.53. p.43. CE QUE VOIT TOUT L't.TAU JUDICIAIRE SE t.TRANGER INTELLIGENT. .. (Dit Tagtsztitung, 15 juillet 1997), RESSERRE AUTOUR DU (TurkishDaily Nws, 22 juillet 1997), p.44. LEADER DU DYP, ÇILLER. p.64. (TurkishDaily NtuIS, 18 juillet 1997), LUTTER POUR SAUVER DES p.54. LA TURQUIE INCITt.E À COLLÈGUES QUI SONT TOURNER LE DOS À LUE PAR DERRIÈRE LES BARREAUX EN L'ASSOCIATION DES DROITS SES POLITICIENS • 10 • Bulletin de liaison et d'information n° 148-149 • Juillet-Août 1997

EXTRÉMISTES. (A.P.P., 21 juillet ONT ÉTÉ DONNÉS AU' PKK. D'UNE VALEUR DE $75 1997), p.64-65. (Turkish Daily News, 24 juillet 1997), MILLIONS POUR ÉQUIPER DES p.71. FRÉGATES. (Turkish Daily News, 27 EKINCI: LE PKK CHERCHE SA juillet 1997), p.78-79. REVANCHE CONTRE LE DYP LE RAPPORT AMÉRICAIN SUR VIA PERINÇEK. (Turkish Daily LA LIBERTÉ RELIGIEUSE THINK TANK AMÉRICAIN: " LA News, 22 juillet 1997), p.66. POSITIF SUR LE PARTI REFAH. TURQUIE POURRAIT AIDER (Turkish Daily News, 24 juillet 1997), ISRAËL À LANCER DES LA TURQUIE EN FROID AVEC p.n. ATTAQUES CONTRE LA SYRIE LES" QUINZE ". - Le nouveau ET L'IRAN ". (Turkish Daily News, 28 gouvernement veut réviser le traité' PARTICIPATION AU TRAIN juillet 1997), p.79-80. d'Union' douanière. (Libération, 22 POUR LA PAIX. - Un comité de juillet 1997), p.67. .soutien aù peuple kurde très actif. LES ÉTATS-UNIS NE VONT PAS (Ouest France, 24 juillet 1997), p.n. S'OPPOSER À L'OLÉODUC LE CHEF MAFIEUX ÇATLI SE TRANS-IRANIEN. Le projet de PAVANAIT COMME UN LES KURDES FAÇONNENT gazoduc de $1,6 milliard atténuerait MINISTRE. Un ancien DEUX IDENTITÉS DANS UNE l'isolation économique de Téhéran. administrateur de l'Organisation TURQUIE CRAINTIVE. (The New (International Herald Tribune, 28 Nationale de l'intelligence (MIT) York Times, 27 juillet 1997), p.74-75. juillet 1997), p.81. N,fehmet Eymür, un témoin dans l'affaire de Susurluk, a dit que Çatli LA JORDANIE RÉVÈLE QUE LE RICHE OU PAUVRE, LES est à la fin devenu incontrôlable. PRINCE (HÉRITIER)'A APPORTÉ KURDES EN TURQUIE SONT (Turkish Daily News, 23 juillet 1997), UN MESSAGE SYRIEN À DÉCHIRÉS PAR UN CONFLIT p.67. DEMIREL. L'Ambassadeur Kabariti: D'IDENTITÉ SÉCULAIRE. " NiJuSferons de notre mIeux pour servir (International Herald Tribune, 28 . LA TURQUIE DÉNONCE LE de médiateur en~re la Syrie et la juillet 1997), p.82 .. SORT. QUE LUI RÉSERVE Turquie": (Turkish Daily News, 26 L'UNION EUROPÉENNE. - Le juillet 1997), p.76. DES FORCES SOMBRES, DES vice-Premier ministre, Bulent Ecevit QUESTIONS CONFUSES ET DES appelle à une révision de l'accord LE HAUT RESPONSABLE DE LA PRÉVISIONS OPTIMISTES. d'Union douanière signé avec les CIA POUR L'IRAK A FAIT " L'armée n'a apparentement jamais 'Quinze. (Le Monde, 23 juillet 1997), ENTRER TAMRAZ DANS LA considéré qu'une raison pour laquelle p.68. MAISON BLANCHE. (Turkish Daily les politiciens sont devenus si N~ws,26 juillet 1997), p.77. irresponsables est parce que les L'ÉTOILE TERNIE DE TANSU commandants de l'armée, comme des .ÇILLER, ANCIEN ESPOIR DES LE 'PROGRAMME CHARGÉ DE parents dominateurs oilt refusé de leur TURCS ET DES EUROPÉENS. - L'UPK: TALABANI REND VISITE permettre la responsabilité ultime de Une opinion déçue par les milieux À WASHINGTON LA SEMAINE leurs actions ". (Turkish Daily News, politiques. (Le Monde, 23 juillet PROCHAINE. (Turkish Daily News, 28 juillet 1997), p.83-85. : 1997), p.69-70. 26 juillet 1997), p.77-78. LES MÉDIAS SOUS LA PRESSION LES GÉANTS AMÉRICAINS DE DES REPRÉSENTANTS DE L'ÉTAT: PROMESSE DE LA DÉFENSE DEMANDENT AMÉRICAINS ENVISAGENT DE RÉFORME DU NOüVEAU . AIDE POUR ROMPRE POUSSERPOURLALIBÉRATION GOUVERNEMENT. (Neue Zürcher L'EMBARGO AMÉRICAIN NON' DE ZANA, une lettre au président Zeitung, 28 juillet 1997), p.86-88. DÉCLARÉ. (Turkish Daily News, 23 Bill Clinton est signée par 100 juillet 1997), p.71. membres de la Chambre. (Turkish LES SUSPECTS DU MEURTRE Daily News, 27 juillet 1997), p.78. DE GÖKTEPE SE RENDENT. LE LEADER DU PARTI OUVRIER L'avocat des officiers de police qui se . AFFIRME QUE DES LESÉTATS-UNISVONTVENDRE sont livrés affirme que ses' clients RENSEIGNEMENTS MILITAIRES' À LA TURQUIE DES ARMES n'étaient pas' des fugitifs malS n 148 149 • Judie! Aoû! 1997 Bulletin de II00son et d'Infollnatlon • Il •

d'honorables officiers de police. MOYEN-ORIENT. (Turkish Daily TALABANI RENCONTRE LE (Turkish Daily Ntws, 30 juillet 1997), News, 2 août 1997), p.102. SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE p.88. L'ONU. Une délégation du PKK WASHINGTON DONNE UNE visitera Ankara juste après Talabani CUNIVERSITÉ AMÉRICAINE DE AIDE DE $4 MILLION À LIRAK affirment des officiels turcs. (Turkish LA DÉFENSE: LE CONFLIT DU NORD. Le leader du l'UPK, Daily News, 7 août 1997), p.1 08. ARMÉE-REFAH LOIN D't.TRE Talabani, essaie de rester à l'écart de la FINI. (Turkish Daily Ntws, 29 juillet presse. (Turkish Daily Ntws, 2 août EN DÉPIT DE LA " POSITION 1997), p.89-94. 1997), p.1 02-103. EN AVANT" DE TALABANI LES ÉTATS-UNIS VISENT UNE LES CRITIQUES DE LA UNAL, DU MINISTÈRE DE LA OPÉRATION DÉLICATE. NOUVELLE POLITIQUE DE JUSTICE, PRÉSENTE AU " Quelque chose se mijoterait-il dans L'ÉDUCATION DESCENDENT PARLEMENT" LE RAPPORT DU l'Irak du Nord? Beaucoup d'experts DANS LA RUE. (Turkish Daily SUD-EST ". (Turkish Daily Ntws, 3 ne sont pas d'accord. (Turkish Daily News, 30 juillet 1997), p.94-95. août 1997), p.l 03-1 04. News, 9 août 1997), p.1 09-11 O.

LE DÉPARTEMENT D'ÉTAT LES MINISTÈRES SE RÉFORME PARTIELLE DE AMÉRICAIN SOUTIENT LE DISPUTENT SUR LA QUESTION L'ÉDUCATION EN TURQUIE. GAZODUC TURKMÈNE- DE SAVOIR COMENT (Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 9-10 août IRANIEN-TURC. L'armée turque RÉSOUDRE LA QUESTION DES 1997), p.III-112. serait contre la route de l'Iran. DROITS DE L'HOMME. Le (Turkish Daily News, 30 juillet 1997), rapport du ministère des Affaires LA TURQUIE REJETTE p.96. étrangères: " l'état-major général L'EMBARGO SUD-AFRICAIN refuse l'abolition de l'article 8 ". SUR LA VENTE LA POLICE DISPERSE UNE (Turkish Daily News, 4 août 1997), D'HÉLICOPTÈRES. (Turkish Daily MANIFESTATION ISLAMISTE À p.l05. News, 12 août 1997), p.112-113. ANKARA. (Inttrnational Htrald Tribunt, 30 juillet 1997), p.97. LARMÉE TURQUE DORI GOLD: " NETANYAHU ABONDONNE- T-ELLE LA SAIT QUE LA SYRIE SOUTIENT TURQUIE: REDDITION DE SIX POLITIQUE DES LE PKK". - " Pour que le processus de POLICIERS IMPLIQUÉS DANS CHANGEMENTS À LA Tt.TE paix réussisse, toute ttrreur doit être LA MORT D'UN JOURNALISTE. DES FORCES ARMÉE (Neue éradiquée dans la région". (Turkish (Le Mondt, 31 juillet 1997), p.97. Zürcha Zeitung, 5 août 1997), p.1 06. Daily News, 13 août 1997), p.113.

LE 2ND DÉPOT DE GAZ LES KURDES NE VEULENT PAS TALABANI EN TURQUIE POUR IRAKIEN A-T-IL FRAPPÉ LES RETOURNER. (Turkish Daily News, SOLLICITER UNE SOUTIEN TROUPES AMÉRICAINS. Le dépôt 6 août 1997), p.l06. CONTRE L"ARABISATION" DE irakien touché dans la guerre du LIRAK DU NORD. (Turkish Daily Golfe a pu exposer des milliers de LA CAMPAGNE AGRESSIVE DE News, 14 août 1997), p.l14. soldats américains. (Inttrnational LA TURQUIE POUR L'UNION Herald Tribune, I er août 1997), EUROPÉENNE PEUT SE WASHINGTON RÉPÈTE SON p.I01. RETOURNER CONTRE ELLE OFFRE D'AMORCER UN affirment des officiels européens. DIALOGUE CONDITIONNEL DES AFFRONTEMENTS DANS (Turkish Daily Ntws, 7 août 1997), AVEC TÉHÉRAN. (Turkish Daily LE NORD DE CIRAK AURAIENT p.107-108. News, 14 août 1997), p.114-115. FAIT PRÈS DE 300 MORTS. (Turkish Daily Ntws, 2 août 1997), DES AVIONS MILITAIRES LA PLAIE KURDE CONTINUE p.IOI. BOMBARDENT DES CAMPS DU DE SAIGNER MAIS LES PKK À LA FRONTIÈRE LEADERS DE LA TURQUIE IRAN: WASHINGTON JOUE UN IRAKIENNE. (Turkish Daily News, 7 CIGNORENT. (Turkish Daily News, ROLE MALHONNt.TE AU août 1997), p.l 08. 15 août 1997), p.115-116. • 12 • Bulletin de liaison et d'information n° 148-149 • Juillet-Août 1997

LA SÉCURITÉ RENFORCÉE CONTRE LES ATTAQUES DU BARZANI DIT QU'ILS N'ONT LE MYSTÈRE DES ARMES DE PKK QUI DOIVENT PAS APPELÉ LES TROUPES SUSURLUK. (Turkish Daily News, COÏNCIDER AVEC LE 15 AOÛT. ,TURQUES EN IRAK DU NORD. 26 août 1997), p.129-130. (Turkish Daily News, 15 août 1997), (Turkish Daily News, 21 août 1997), p.116. p.121. BAHÇELI: LE TRAIN DE LA PAIX VISE À STIMULER LES TALABANI RASSURE ANKARA LA TURQUIE TENTE DE ACTIVITÉS SÉPARATISTES. AU SUJET DU PKK. : " Un DÉRAILLER" LE TRAIN DE LA (Turkish Daily News, 26 août 1997), consensus est atteint pour arrêter le PAIX n. (Turkish Daily News, 22 août p.130. Nord de l'Irak de devenir une 'base de 1997), p.122. terreur' n affirme. le sous-secrétaire LE LEADER NATIONALISTE d'État Oymen. (Turkish Daily News, LA TURQUIE CHERCHE DE FRANÇAIS LE PEN EXPRIME 15 août 1997), p..II7. NOUVELLES OPTIONS AU SON ADMIRATION POUR M. DELÀ DE L'UNION KEMAL ATATÜRK. (Turkish Daily LA RÉFORME OU LA EUROPÉENNE. (Turkish Daily News, 26 août 1997), p.I30. DÉFORMATION DE News, 24 août 1997), p.123. L'ÉDUCATION. (Turkish Daily BILICAN: . NOUS News, 18 août 1997), p.118. LE PARTI ISLAMIQUE DE EMPÊCHERONS LES BASES DU TURQUIE CHERCHE DU PKK EN MER NOIRE. (Turkish LES GANGS TURCS SONT LES SOUTIEN. (Associated Press, 24 août Daily News, 27 août 1997), p.131. TRAFIQUANTS DE DROGUE 1997), p.124. MAJEURS EN ANGLETERRE. L'UPK NIE TOUTE COOPÉ- (Turkish Daily News, 18 août 1997), JOUET DES PARTIS : LES RATION AVEC LE PKK. (Turkish p.119. KURDES AU NORD DE L'IRAK Daily News, 27 août 1997), p.I31. SOUFFRENT DE L'INIMITIÉ DE CINQ PRISONNIERS EN GRÈVE LEURS CHEFS. (Frankfurter ERIVAN RASSURE ANKARA: DE LA FAIM HOSPITALISÉS. Allgemeine Zeitung, 25 août 1997), " NOUS N'AIDONS PAS LE PKK ". (Turkish Daily News, 20 août 1997), p.I25-127. (Turkish Daily News, 28 août 1997), p.119. p.132. ECEVIT S'EN PREND À LA ARMES AMÉRICAINES EN RENCONTRE ENTRE ERBAKAN LES PARTICIPANTS DU " TRAIN

TURQUIE: " BESOIN DE PLUS ET LE PEN. (Turkish Daily News. 25 DE LA PAIX n ARRIVENT EN D'ACTION ET DE août 1997), p.127. TURQUIE PAR AVION. (Turkish CONVICTION n. (Turkish Daily DàilyNews, 9 août 1997), p.133-134. News, 20 août 1997), p.120. LES SOURCES DU PDK AFFIRMENT QUE LA BAGDAD APPELLE LES KURDES LES REBELLES KURDES DISENT COOPÉRATION SUPPOSÉE À METTRE FIN. À LA QUE L'IRAN A TUÉ 3 DE LEURS ENTRE LE PKK ET L'UPK NUIT PROTECTION OCCIDENTALE. MEMBRES EN IRAK. (Reuter, 21 À LA PAIX. (Turkish Daily News, 25 (Turkish Daily News, 31 août 1997), août 1997), p.121. août 1997), p.128-129. p.I34...... , : .1 . . . .~;::;_.. ::./. . '" .. :..::..

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;,,' ...... ~-/" '.~~-: Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti TURQUIE la spirale infernale

1:1es années passent en Turquie et III faire pression sur la Turquie paur qu'elle res- sltûlittlon ne cesse de s'aggraver, toujours plus pecte ses signatures. Par exemple, elle a ratifié dramatique, toujours plus Insupportable. la résolutian 688 des Nations unies qui appelle Les témoignages se multiplient: la Turquie les états membres à faciliter sur son territoire le moderne vit les heures les plus sombres de passage des ONG qui portent assistance aux son histoire, sous le Joug d'une dictllture papulations des pays voisins. Or depuis 1996, militaire qui prl1tend s'offrir des allures de aucune ONG n'a pu se rendre en Irak en pas- démocratie. Et les vraies démocraties ne sant par la Turquie. s'insurgent pas I Plus grave encore, dans le pays même, qu'une voix s'élève pour dénoncer les atrocités com- Eu cours des dernières années, la situa- mises, elle est aussitôt bâillonnée. tion s'est dégradée de manière spectaculaire. L'armée turque a accentué la répression et les Cette situation est pourtant connue de tous. les destructions massives de villages. Et le gouver- rapports s'empilent sur les bureaux et plus nement quant à lui a refusé toute idée de négo- aucun ministre, aucun parlementaire dans nos ciation, tout appel à la paix, y compris celui ins- démocraties exemplaires n'ignore que les droits piré par des ONG en 1994, et qu'avaient signé de l'hamme sont bafoués en Turquie. Mais qui tous les prix Nobel de la Paix - du moins ceux s'en indigne? le commerce est roi I La France qui avaient les mains libres pour le faire. ne vient-elle pas de vendre à crédit des hélicop- tères à l'armée turque? le PKK, force arm6e d'opposition kurde, avait pourtant à cette occasion proclamé et respecté la solidarité entre Etats reste le maitre mot. un cessez-le-feu unilatéral, renoncé à ses reven- Dans les années 80, pour préserver l'intégrité de dications séparatistes pour ouvrir le champ des l'Irak et contenir l'islamisme venu d'Iran, on négociations. cachait le génocide des populations kurdes per- pétré par Saddam Hussein. Aujourd'hui, on lais- Aujourd'hui, rien ne semble plus pouvoir arrêter se l'armée turque imposer sa terreur et faire le la spirale de la violence. L'armée y trouve des jeu de l'intégrisme - les dernières élections intérêts financiers et politiques. En désignant les législatives l'ant amplement montré. . Kurdes comme les seuls fauteurs de troubles dans un pays déboussolé, elle dresse contre eux Finalement, la Turquie ne naus révèle-t-elle pas la population turque qui, de ce fait, accepte à naus-mêmes ? N'est-elle pas le mirair du laxis- comme un mal nécessaire l'omniprésence des me de nos démocraties mercantiles 7 militaires et la rigueur économique. Iious les soirs à lstambul et dans les Et la spirale de la violence s'intensifie : la popu- grandes villes de Turquie, on éteint les lumières lation civile kurde est contrainte à rejoindre les pendant une minute pour réclamer la paix. Qui, rangs du PKK pour y être protégée, et résister à au-delà des frontières, entend l'appel désespéré l'anéantissement ou à s'exiler. des démacrates plongés dans l'obscurité 7 Sirriûlta ...... ent;en Turqùle, des voix s'élèvent. Un million et demi de persannes ont déjà signé lesdémocraté&refusent d'être pris en otage la pétition pour la paix. L'objectif des deux mil- entre-les betUgérants, ils demandent un retour à lions sera sûrement atteint avant la fin du mals. la "äl,)(, l'oUV$rture de.négociations entre les par- . tie&'..Mais ,.. Volx hurnaine&aont faibles Même le patron des patrons vient de mettre en dans le It des ,rmes dont te commerce est garde le gouvernement contre les conséquence ,si J'-t8UX ,I. . de cette économie de guerre. Il doit rappeler aux A Ankara, la canférencépour la Paix, le 8 mai sourds qui mènent le pays à la ruine que le PIS dernier, a été interdite par les mllffilires èt pour- par habitant, dans la région Kurde (un tiers de la tant des rencontresant eutieu. Turquie I), est équivalent à celui de JaSomalie. C'eSt à naus, Européens, que revient ledevoir IlI n'y a pas trente-six \solutions, mais, de .lesrelayer, à nous de rappeler que la Tui'qule une: il faut imposer aux gouvernements est membre fondateur du Conseil de l'Europe d'Europe de l'Ouest qu'ils posent camme dont la charte est la Convent.ian des .'dralts de condition préalable aux relations entre Etats le l'homme. respect des droits de l'homme. Si 'naus y par- C'est à nous d'abliger nos gouvernements à venons, nous serons fiers d'être Européens.

1 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-RivistŒ'Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Turk Assumes Power With SecularCabinet

By Stephen Kinzer ers or their supporters. The enthusiasm, We don't have decisive or inspirational New York Times Service however, was tempered by doubts about leaders to whom we can turn at difficult MF.Yilmaz, who is not considered to be times. " ISTANBUL - Mesrit Yilmaz was the dynamic figure some believe is nec- Asked ifhe thought Mr. Yilmaz might named prime minister on Monday aft~r essary to confront the rise of Islamic now rise to fill that role, Mr. Inan forming agovernment that he slUd .political power. He has a reputatio.n as replied: "He is the leader of my party, so would put a defmitive end to the court- phlegmatic and cautious rather than Ima- it would not be appropriate for me to ,try's yearlong experiment with Islamic ginative or inspiratiOllal. comment on that." 'rule. Mr. Yilmaz, 50, began his rise to Mr. Yilmaz preseJ:lteda list of cabinet power in the 1980s under the patronage .ministers to President S~leyman De- of Turgut Ozal, then the prime minister . mirel, who approved it, and later moved He held several posts under Mr. Ozal, and into the prime minister's office to begin during the late 19808 was the youngest his fust day of work. foreign minister in Europe. Inthat post he "Our government will meticulously took stroJlgly pro-Western stands. guardthe basic principles of the re- He served as priine minister in 1991 public," Mr. Yilmaz said after taking. . and again in 1995, but both of his gov- over. "It. will be a government that ernments collapsed after just a few . raises the profile of civilian, democratic months. and freedom-loving values." .. The governmenthe unveiled Monday The. new government must be conis .a coalition among his center-right firmed by Parliament, but that appeared Motherland' Party and two smaller to be little more than a formality since :paities. A leader of each of those parties Mr. yilmazhas won the support of a became deputy prime mini~ter. . . broad range of party leaders. Parliament One is another former pnme miOlster, is eX'pected to vote within two weeks. Bulent Ecevit, a veteran ofthree decades His government will probably enjoy in Turkish politics who heads the Demo- the support of Turkey's powerful mil- cratic Left Party and is best knoy.',n itary commanders, who applied heavy abroad. for having orçlered Turkey. s pressure to force the Islamic leader Nec- 1974 invasion of Cyprus. The other IS mettin Erbakan from the prime !l1inister's Ismet Sezgin, another veteran who rep- job in June. The military charged that Mr. resents the centrist pemocratic Turkey Erbakan wàs undemiining secular de- Party. He will also serve as defense m..~~cy and leading.the country toward minister. . . . . Islarmc fundamentalism. .., . . This three-party coalition will be sup- In the 10 days of"consultations that ported, but not joinedin the cabinet, by led to Monday's ~nouncement, Mr. the Republican People's Party, Mr. Yilmaz met with leaders of aUthe major Ecevit's rival on the left. . political partiesexcept ~. Er~~. He .WhenMr. Erbakan submitted his described the pro-IslamIc pohcles that resignation June 18, he said he expected Mr. Erbakanand his Welfare Party föl, .his coalition partner, Tansu'Ciller, to be lowed over the last year as divisive and named prime minister in his place. That undemocratic. . " . would have allowed the pro-Islamic "Welfare is. responsible for the ten- . government to remain in power with sion that has spread across this cou~- only Il reshuffle at the top. . try," Mr. Yilmaz said. "I~ i~tin;t~for thIS President Demirel, however, refused party to move into OpposItIon.. . to name Mrs. Ciller. She may turn out to The departing goverfl!Uen~haél s~ed~ .be the biggest loser in the current tran- domestic conflict and raIsed lOternatlOn- sition, in part because Mr. Yilmaz has in , al conc~rn by m~ing overtures to L!bya, the past supported efforts to strip her of and Irati advocatlOg greater emphasIs on her parliamentary immunity so the Su- Islamic ~ducation and naming religious preme Court can investigate corruption conservatives to government posts. . charges against her. . Although" Mr. Yilnlllz's ascendance . Mrs. Ciller reacted angrily to the pres- ,means that Turkey willnow have a fully ident's refusal to' name her, calling it secular government, it does 'not put a "disgràceful to democrac:y" and "a permanent end to Islamic prospec!s here. great blow to future generations." . Leaders of the Welfare Party saId they' Although Mr.Yilmaz's success ID were continuing to gain strength, and forming a government means that Tur- predicted that in the next election the key has overcome its immediate crisis, party would win far more than the 21 many commentators and politicians here percent of the vote itlook in 19~5. ., said the country still faces serious polih It is not clear when the electIon w1l1 ical problems. They believe that if these take place. Some leading members of the problems are not addressed, pro-Islamic incoming coàlition want it soon, while sentiment may continue to grow .. others want to wait a year or more. . "One of Turkey's greatest problems In secular political circles Monday; is our lack ofstatesmen, " Kamran Inan, there was widespread relief that a new a member of Parliament from the Moth- . government ha~. fin~Uy been !ormed erland Party said. "In the past we were without the partIcIpatIon ofIslamic lead- able to producethem ...bqt.not any more.

2 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prcllsa-BasltZ Özcti Turkish Daily News Yllmaz forms TUESDAY.JULY 1.1991 'reconciliation government'

Ankara. TDN Parliament Bureau difficulties. Ibelieve that we will over- Path Party (DYP) leaders • Mesut Yllmaz announced on Monday come all the difficulties. We are a govern- Necmettin Erbakan and Tansu that Tur~ey's 55th government. which he ment rising on civilian, democratic and Çiller had directed at him. He said leads. will be a government of reconcilia- libertarian values. Our government they would refrain from polemics tion that will ~olve pres~ing problems and will meticulously protect the val- since they wanted reconciliation. stage an election. He Satd that as soon as ues on which the republican sys- In reply to a question, DTP he became prime minister designate the tem has been rising." He said it leader Cindoruk said he had "system and state crisis" in the country had been demonstrated that it is refused a ministerial position had started to ease. and that society had possible to solve all problems, all because of preparations needed for felt this. It will be a task for the govern- crises, within the democratic sys- his party's congress. Yllrnaz said ment to bolster that easing process. tem under Parliament's roof. He they had very much wanted The new governmcnt has been fornlcd promised that they would pve pri- Cindoruk to be a deputy prime by the Motherland Parly (ANAP) the ority to national interests, unple- minister. Democratic Left Party (DSP) and' the menting the measures required yIlmaz said all the issues at De~ocratic Turkey Party (DTP), with the without worrying about getting hand would be tackled, including outside support of the Republican People' s votes. the plan to introduce eight-year Part~ (CHP). After President Süleyman yllmaz said they would strive to "continuous" basic education. He Demirel approved the new Cabinet list, integrate Turkey with the "contem- said the "Susurluk state gangs" file Ylimaz told a press conference they want- porary world." The government had not been closed, that the new ed to take the country out of the cnsis it protocol has been ~ toward government would be prepared to had been pushed into by the 54th govern- this aim. The new goyernment will help the judiciary in any way on ment. seek a vote of confidence from this issue. He also said he had no Flanked by his coalition partners DSP Parliament on July 12. he said. doubt that his government would leader Bülent Ecevit and DTP leader Prior to this Cabinet will meet and win a vote of confidence. Hüsameuin Cindoruk, Ylimaz said: "We begin to function. ~ave assumed office at a very difficult Yllmaz refused to reply to the time. Our motto will be overcoming the barbs Welfare Party (RP) and True

3 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Protocol objective: Restoration ANAP, DSP and DTP's coalition protocol of the republic emphasizes that the fundamental principles of the republic will be safeguarded Ankara - TDN Parliamentary Bureau

• The protocol of the Motherland (ANAP), Democratic Left (DSP) and Democrat Turk~y (DTP) • The fight against terrorism and .safeguard a~ainsi the erosion of tax minority coalition forged under the leadership of . separatism will be continued'with revenue by inflation. . Mesut YJlmaz emphasi7.ed that the fundamt',ntal pnn- determination. In this stru~le, the _ In the shape-up of social and ciples of the republic, which were targeted b.ythe pre- le~al porms of a democratic state economic policies the Economic and ceding Islamist-Ied coalition government, will be ".,ill be adhered to and every mea- Social Council will be effectively sure.. will be taken to prevent any used. revived and adhered to in full. h The four-page protocol, disclosed br Prim~ arm to CItizens. • While conducting the struggle • In the field of human rights, the . t arati t t . . th Minister Yllmaz at a news conference In Parhament level of other countries will be agaIDs sep s erronsm ID e immediately after President Süleyman Demirel Southeast with determination and by approved the new Cabinet list, included all issues that attained with speed. every effective means, respect will were at the heart of tensions between the military and • Eight-year uninterrupted prima- be given to the norms of democratic the Islamist-Ied former coalition. The protocol specifi- ry education will commence. state law. The serious security prob- cally stressed that the coalition government will aim Religious education will be under lem in the region will be considered to pull the coun~ from the "state the protection and supervision of the and handled in conjunction with and system crisis' it was plunged state and will be conducted in accor- social and economic solutions and in into b>,the Necmettin Erbakan-Ied dance with the wishes of parents. At tandem with international relations, Islanust Welfare Party (RP)-conser- aIllevels of education, the principles and all required policies will,be of Ataturk and national and moral vative True Path Party (DYP) coali- values will be raised. developed. tion ~overnment. • Aforeiim,J>Olicy centered on • The government is pledging to Yilmaz's protocol stated that the Turkey's region, which was success- employ in,full the constitutional coalition partners' aim was to stop fully implemented during the democratic system with full respect society's moral decay, to bring about Ataturk era, will be revived and to supremacy of law and with all the revival of a "clean society," T k 11 bli h . 1 d instiWtions of democracy. This and to rebuild the people's confi- ur ey WI reesta s Its p ace an . pledge i.salso validfor all issues that weight in its region within this dence in the state by re-establishin~ framework. Region-centered foreign are not included in this coalition pro- the state establishment' s respectabil- ity. policy and the economic advances tocol. The fundamental principles of the achieved will accelerate Turkey' s coalition were listed in the protocol full membership in the European as follows: Union. • The foremost target of the coali- • Relations with the Turkish tion is 'to achieve hannony between Republic of Northern Cyprus and the fundamental values of the nation the Torkic republics of Central Asia and the ineplaceable and unchange- and the Caucasus, which were able fundamentals of the state. neglected during the previous gov- Within this framework, secular, ernment, will be improved. ' democratic and legal characteristics • Every measure will be taken to of the republic will be safeguarded sustainlhe defense power of Turkey. ,and freedom of thought, conscience . • Every measure will be taken to and enterprise will be promoted. provide a healthy structure for social • The culture of reconciliation security institutions that have been will be strengthened. The govern- brought to the verge of bankruptcy. ment will have regular meetings • Besides the necessary amend- with the opposition and inform them ments to the Constitution, legislation about the affairs of the state. to provide the op'portunity to update Turkish Daily News • Legal measures will be imple- electorallists will be implemented . mented to ensure the independence • Sustainable growth and econom- TUESDAY. JULY I. 1997 of the judiciary. ic stability is an objective. Policies • Immunity of parliamentarians will be developed to increase pro- will be restricted and obstacles pre- ductivity, to generate new jobs and venting the effective combating of to reestablish economic balances. corruption will be lifted. _ Unregistered economic activity ~ effective struggle against will be registered, tax losses and organized crime (gangs) will be evasion will be minimized. Tax rates staged with determination and, to will be reduced in certain areas, the this end, all necessary legal arrange- tax base will be widened. A tax ments will be implemented. reform will be initiated that will

4 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basln Özeti France and Turkey enhance military cooperation Prime ministerial delegations will be produced in Turk~y as a result of joint coo~ration, as foreseen ID official talks between ..: search for ways to establish military Turkis.h and French officials in Paris last week. cooperation and technology exchange ÇelikdoAan said a Turkish delegation visited France l~t wee~ and s~udied opportunities for cooperation while tounng several defense industry Ad ....• Turldsh Dally News institutions, including the enormous French defense company "GIAT," • .Deputy Çhicf.of General Staff Gen. (&vik ~ir ÇelikdoAan said that they had a chance to received President of France's General. , closely observe third generation Leclarc tanks Directorate for Armament Jean-Yves Helmer in while discussing French-Turkish joint tank pro- Ankara on Monday. Consultations between the duction. But he added that, "we Turks have to pro- two will center on the issue of arms moderniza- duce the tanks ourselves." tion, the Anatolia news agency reported. Speaking at the Helmer's reception, Gen. Bir ÇelikdoAan s~d that besides joint tank projects, said that studies for the modernization of the they ~ave also d~scu~~ed the possibilities of joint Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) planned for the next satellite .pr~uction. Most of the biggest media 15-20 years, included helicopter and front-line compam~s I~ the world are converting to satellite battle tank projects. Bir also added that he and commUDlcatlon as we speak. Helmer aJtfeed that other projects and joint studies If.we buy from atherTlations" costs soar, ~ut, with France should be considered. there are both technological and production Helmer said France and Turkey already have aspects to manufacturing these satellites. We cooperated both militarily and industrially and believe that we can manufacture satellites once we hoped that Joint projects and cooperation between find the proper technological partner. the two nations continue. We have already considered the French compa- n>: Alsthorn to produce satellites," ÇelikdoAan Tank coop.ratlon saldo betw .. n Franc. and Turk.y Çelikdogan concluded that "we believe that Chief Advisor to the Prime Minister, Sedat Turkey can grow more powerful if it directs its Çelikdojtan', arlnoun~t(fthàtFrench LdJàri:'taDks agenda toward advancing its technology." Turkey says Greece supports PKK

Anbra • Turldsb Daily News the deputy speaker of the Greek replied to Öymen's remarks the Parliament tiad Visited Ocalan. da.y after the interview, calling • Turkish FQreign Ministry AIcbel, res~g to a ques- the undersecretary's comments spokesman Omer AIcbel on tion concerning jabs from the aimless, careless and comic, and Monday said that Greece was Greek government over recent saying that they were contrary to backing the outlawed separatist comments by Foreign.~try the btiilding of good relations Kurdistan Walters' Parly UndersecreWy ODor Oymen. between the two countries. (PKK) and that documents, underlined tbàt TlIlkey was Inresponse to Reppas' state- video tapes and photographs always in favor of better rela- ~~~ AIcbel charged that the demonstrating dûs fact had been tions with Greece. cnbClSm from the Greek side ~ven to international organiza- The volley of criticism was both surprising and unjusti- tJ.ons. between Greece and Turkey bad fied. Sttessing the attitude of the , Answering a question regard- started when Undersecretary Turkish Foreign Ministry, Akbel ing whether TurlCey planned to said: ''Turkey never acts with a ~n claimed, in an interview purpose of augmenting tension take anyaction against Greece With the Turkish Dail~s in this regard. Akbel said that last Wednesday, that between the two states but with they bad already several times the aim to find resolutions to was reluctant to establish dia- the existin~ problems." sup,plied such evidence to inter- logue with Twicey and pointed nanonaI authorities. He also out the lack of trust betw':CD the recalled that Greek deputies bad two nations. Turkish Daily News . vited PKK leader Abdullah Greek government ~an to Greece and noted that spokesman Dimitri Reppas TUESDAY.JULY 1.1997

5 ,------.------

Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

...... - - ...... • H ~ l j "- d .11 GÉ~?1!I.~~i'=~~.so~~te .né~o~er'Si. ~écess~re.les~esur~ imposées ,I

l,::. !.:::: 1997 I:: @AFP 111~~~~j2:(i~~~~~:e:~~~~:.~::~i:~:~~~~~~~=~::~-':.:.1,.,.militaires fin février à l'ancienne coalition gouvernementale à dominante islamiste, . l22Z j I destinées à stopper la montée du fondamentalisme religieux. ~~

e '::"':. i::::::: !.I l"J n'ai pas slignéPlerson~dleme~t ces mesl~r,elspa:l~e9u~ Jd'eneefaisa,ilspa~ parltidede i.:.I, l équipe civi e qui es avait négociées avec ai e miita!re u onset natlona e Il sécurité (MGK), a déclaré M. Yilmaz, lots d'une émission télévisée lundi soir, Il !I Il Il répondait à la question de savoirsi ees mesures seraient appliquées à la lettre. Il

"',~:::::. :l "Le président de la république m'a livré les procès-verbaux des réunions du MGK :~ ~ 1 ( ... ) j'examinerai toutes les décisions prises lors des précédentes réunions, et s'il y a q ~I quelque chose qui ne nous convient pas, nous pouvons demander, en tant que :i

n 1.: Il nouveau gouvernement, unè nouvelle évaluation", a+il ajouté, sans autre ptécision. '.•...1.., i! Le MGK, organe à travers lequel les militaires exercent leur influence politique, [j ~I avait imposé, le 28 février, 18 mesures au gouvernement de coalition - d

1::::,.1:::::. !:.::: Ill, islamo-conservateur de l'ancien Premier ministre islamiste Necmettin Erbakan : I:,. pour qu'il lutte contre la montée de l'extrémisme religieux en Turquie.

: ~ : ~~ :I Il avait notamment demandé une réforme de l'éducation prévoyant le passage de ; :, I: j I cinq à huit ans de la durée de l'enseignement obligatoire, ce qui entraînerait la ! Il ;e}::~;ele~u~~~~~~~ec~~:i~~~~~n~os~:~~~~~~ed~: ~~~~erss'~~~::-;~t~':~id~:t~~ées I.

ure i,,:::. i:::::.. i:::.lll :O::::r ~::::p;:s~~ :r:::: de ees éeoles et a résisté à l'application de ,l" cette mesure, ce qui a accéléré le processus de départ de l'ancienne coalition sous la pression accrue des militaires, hostiles au maintien de la présence des islamistes au . 11 ~

.,::. I:::. I::.: , :::~~eole de eoalition du nouveau gouvernement prévoit la mise en vigueur de I.., l cette mesure sur laquelle les militaires insistent. Le ministère de l'Education est :: Il détenu dans la nouvelle coalition par le Parti de la Gauche Démocratique (DSP, I il! I :;;::/::i::;le) qui affirme avoir déjà préparé un programme à ce sujet. I

; ~.' ~ 1 :__ t , '.'." , '.',' ".'.'.'. r~

6 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-BaslJ/ Özeti les ambiguïtés d'une presse à scandale part, Milliyet et Hurriyet, deux autres mise en demeure de militaires à la veille Par grands groupes, avaient fusionné sous de passer à l'action ... le nom de Dogan Medya, pour mieux combattre leur concurrent Sabah. Au début, l'armée s'accommoda de DD~~~ cette pression exercée en son nom par « Totalisant 79 % des ventes de jour- la presse, en espérant qu'elle suffirait à OMMENT aurions-nous naux, les deux empires ont dévoilé leur maintenir M. Necmettin Erbakan dans le pu savoirCque nous soutenions la per- conception de la Iiberté.quand un intrus, cadre institutionnel. Mais l'intéressé y sonnalité qui avait le plus de défauts de Aksam, a tenté de s'imposer. le 16sep- répondit par la surenchère. Au lieu de notre histoire politique, et que nous tembre 1996, les groupes Sabah et s'appliquer à réaliser quelques-unes de allions lui permettre de se transformer Dogan Medya, qui ont le monopole de la ses promesses électorales, il choisit de en monstre 7 Comment aurait-on pu distribution, ont tout simplement multiplier les actes de provocation. la savoir qu'elle mettrait ses ambitions et Il laissé sur le carreau)) les ballots presse joua les pompiers pyromanes. ses intérêts personnels au-dessus du d'Aksam, devenu un concurrent trop Surtout quand elle trouva un acteur régime laïque et démocratique 7 Com- dangereux. les kiosques se sont vu médiatique dans le général Cevik Bir, ment aurions-nous pu savoir? (1l " interdire la vente de ce quotidien sous l'adjoint du chef de l'état-major, ex- peine d'être totalement exclus du circuit Ce mea culpa tardif d'Ertugrul Ozkok commandant des forces internationales de la distribution. En outre, en faisant du en Somalie. Celui-ci tranchait par son aurait pu être louable s'il était l'expres- dumping sur le prix de vente de quel- sion d'un regret sincère. On se souvient franc-parler avec la prudence de son ques-uns de leurs titres, dumping supérieur, qui se bornait à rappeler, que c'est lui, éditorialiste du puissant compensé par leurs autres activités, le quotidien populaire Hurriyet, qui avait chaque fois qu'il en avait l'occasion, la cartel réduit sérieusement les possibili- responsabilité des civils dans les choix Il lancé)) M....Tansu Ciller en assumant tés d'existence d'autres publications, et sa promotion médiatique. Une fois le politiques. les commandants trop par là même l'expression d'autres opi- bavards finirent par recevoir des but atteint, il n'avait pas hésité, comme nions. beaucoup d'autres dans son entourage, consignes de discrétion. Mais les spec- à se couper la moustache, symbole à la lEis sombres affaires de M....Tansu tateurs avaient déjà pris place dans fois du traditionalisme et de la virilité, Ciller et de son mari, accusés de collabo- l'arène, prêts à applaudir chaque coup pour s'adapter à la période nouvelle rer avec des maffiosi introduits au sein que l'armée infligerait à son adversaire. qu'annonçait la nomination au poste de de l'appareil d'Etat, avaient déjà été la presse publia des sondages dési- premier ministre, en octobre 1995, d'une décrites en détail par l'hebdomadaire de gnant l'armée comme l'institution à femme - un fait sans précédent dans gauche Aydinlik, sans que personne laquelle la société accordait le plus sa l'histoire du pays - qui était, de plus, daigne y prêter attention. Il fallut le confiance. Pendant la récente interven- belle, blonde et moderne. fameux accident de la route de Susur- luk (31, le 3 novembre 1996, pour appor- tio.n dans le nord de l'Irak, elle publia Pourtant quelques observateurs, ter les preuves irréfutables de cette col- des déclarations anonymes de géné- comme Ilhan Selçuk, décelaient déjà, lusion. Ces révélations tombèrent au raux affirmant que l'état-major n'avait derrière la façade élégante, «le produit moment même où les empires de pas informé le gouvernement, par peur de l'hégémonie médiatique sur la presse S'apprêtaient à déclarer la guerre de fuites. En soulignant ce manque de société» (21. l'éditorialiste du quotidien à la coalition dirigée par M. Necmettin confiance, elle identifiait le gouverne- Cumhuriyet s'interrogeait sur l'origine Erbakan, dirigeant du parti islamiste ment avec le Parti des travailleurs du de la fortune colossale de M....Ciller, Refah et qui comprenait la formation de Kurdistan (PKKI, l'ennemi numéro un. richesse qu'elle prétendait avoir acquise M....Tansu Ciller. le démenti publié par l'état-major ne avec son salaire d'universitaire. Mais trouva pas un grand écho. En revanche, personne ne s'étonna de cette voix les journaux mirent à la « une Il la réac- détonante, venant du seul quot1dien tion épidermique du bras droit de indépendant du pays, abonné au rôle L'armée, M. Erbakan, M. Abdullah Gui, qui bra- d'opposant, qualifié de Il dinosaure Il ultime espoir vait le général « anonyme Il : «Qu'il se pour n'avoir pas su s'adapter au nouvel montre, s'il est un homme! » ordre médiatique. M. Erbakan avait cru pouvoir ajourner les autres journaux, dépendant de Ès la formation de son gouverne- les manœuvres militaires conjointes grandes banques, s'étaient déjà consti- ment, en juin 1996, le premier D avec Israël. les militaires rappelèrent tués en importants groupes aux publica- ministre islamiste avait, de manière alors qu'il s'agissait d'une décision prise tions diversifiées, ayant chacun sa malhabile, déclaré son intention de en concertation avec plusieurs orga- propre chaine de télévision, ainsi mettre la presse au pas en lui coupant nismes d'Etat, et que le premier ministre qu'une large palette de journalistes les subventions. les grands quotidiens n'avait pas compétence pour décider exprimant des idées très disparates, et leurs chaines de télévision Il redécou- seul de son annulation. la presse se féli- allant de la gauche apprivoisée à la vrirent Il alors le célèbre journaliste droite civilisée, au nom du pluralisme. Ugur Mumcu, assassiné en 1993. cita encore une fois de la victoire de l'armée, qui passait par-dessus le pou- Chacun connaissait toutefois, dans Celui-ci n'avait cessé de dénoncer, dans les colonnes de Cumhuriyet, et de révé- voir civil, ce qui aurait dû plutôt l'inquié- cette « démocratie Il aux allures de ler, dix ans plus tôt, l'identité de crimi- ter. Finalement Hurriyet jubila après la supermarché, les limites à ne pas décision du parquet d'ouvrir un procès dépasser et le respect dû aux bailleurs nels encore Il recherchés Il et liés aux forces politiques. contre le coupable, entre autres, de fonds. les énormes subventions d' ((insultes à l'armée» (4). gouvernementales, sous leurs formes Tout cela a été largement utilisé dans diverses, ou des prêts à d~s taux très la guerre contre M....Tansu Ciller. Dans Finalement, la presse a obtenu la avantageux - et remboursables seule- le même temps, les grandes plumes des chute du gouvernement de M. Erbakan. ment en cas de « bêtises)) - ont été quotidiens entreprenaient une tournée Pourtant, cette victoire est entachée de investis dans des affaires juteuses sans dans les capitales européennes pour trop d'aspects inquiétants pour que les rapport avec le journalisme. dénoncer '" les atteÎntes à la liberté de citoyens et les journalistes puissent s'en presse en Turqule» I Mais leur vrai la puissance et la collusion de ces réjouir. espoir était. .. l'arinée, et avec elle le empires de presse avec le pouvoir poli- spectre d'un coup d'Etat frénétiquement tique étaient telles qu'on a évoqué la brandi. Cette dernière était effective- (I) Hurriyet. 15 mai 1997. participation du groupe Sabah à "une ment mécontente de voir le gouverne- des nombreuses coalitions gouverne- (2) Cwnhuriyet. mai 1993. ment dirigé par un islamiste. Mais de là mentales formées par M....Tansu Ciller, à annoncer aux lecteurs, chaque matin, (3) Lire Martin Lee. « Les liaisons dangereuses comme si un journal pouvait être un de la police turque ». Le Monde diplomatique. des bruits de bottes, et à transformer partenaire politique des élus I D'autre mars 1997. chaque réunion mensuelle du Conseil (4) Hurriyet. 22 mai 1997. • Journaliste de la sécurité nationale en une ultime 7 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

July2,1997

Turkish Ex-Premier's Comeback Hits a Snag

By STEPHEN KINZER

STANBUL, Turkey -- Last month Tansu Ciller, who was then . Turkey's foreign minister, displayed her characteristic determination Iby asserting, "I will be prime minister soon." .

But Monday, Mrs. Ciller was forced to watch as her bitter rival, Mesut Yilmaz, became prime minister instead. She also faces the possibility that the Turkish Parliament may lift her immuniry from prosecution and send corruption charges against her to the Supreme Court for . .. investIgatIon.

In a televised interview Monday night, his first since taking office, Yilmaz pledged that his government "will not remain a spectator in the face of corruption."

Asked if believed that the end had come for Mrs. Ciller, he replied: "This is a process, and it is accelerating. What she has done is clear, and it cannot be ignored. It is now a matter for Parliament and the courts."

Yilmaz was able to form his government only because he won the support of more than two dozen members of Parliament from Mrs. Ciller's True Path Parry who have turned against her and now want to help bring her down. Some of them have predicted that the parry will either continùe losing members or be torn by an internal rebellion against her leadership.

Mrs. Ciller, who was not available for comment Tuesday, has steadfastly denied charges of corruption against her and her husband, Ozer, an Istanbul businessman. Many of the charges have to do with illicit enrichment through the manipulation of government agencies and contracts.

Leading Turkish newspapers reported Tuesday that prosecutors plan to summon Mr. Ciller for questioning about stock manipulation, smuggling and ties to organized crime.

Some papers also reported that the military has ordered immigration officers to prevent Mr. and Mrs. Ciller from leaving the country. The reports could not be independently verified.

This complex of problems marks a sharp turn in fortune for a couple that

8 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

once seemed to have all Turkey at their feet.

When Mrs. Ciller became Turkey's first woman prime minister in 1993, she was acclaimed at home and abroad. Since then, however, her reputation has plunged.

Many European leaders are still angry with her because before the 1995 election, she toured Europe appealing for foreign support on the ground that she was the only figure who could prevent the Islamic-oriented Welfare Party from coming to power in Turkey.

But after the election, she joined a coalition government with the Welfare Party and helped propel its leader, Necmettin Erbakan, to the post of prime minister.

Erbakan made her foreign minister and helped her defeat several motions in Parliament aimed at sending charges against her to the Supreme Court for investigation. But the votes were very close, and she has reason to fear that the results may be different if similar votes are taken again.

Several times in the past, however, Mr. and Mrs. Ciller have managed to emerge from seemingly crushing reverses. Despite their latest troubles, not everyone here discounts their prospects for another resurrection.

The Cillers have built a fortune estimated by some in the tens of millions of dollars and by others in the hundreds of millions. Mrs. Ciller has said her husband is in charge of the family finances and that their fortune was built in part from investment of a $1 million inheritance from her mother. But neighbors say that the mother died in poverty.

As the Cillers' fortune has grown, so has the number of their enemies. They include politicians who consider them corrupt, human rights advocates who believe that they encouraged death squads, and gangsters who say that Ciller operatives have moved in on their rackets.

In May one of the country's most-wanted fugitives, Alaattin Cakici, telephoned an Istanbul television station from a hideout to complain that the Cillers and their "waterfront mansion gang" were trying to extort $20 million from him in exchange for allowing him to buy a government-owned bank.

Cakici issued several threats against Mr,. Ciller, and vowed to "destroy the waterfront mansion gang or die trying."

The day after Cakici's interview, gunmen shouting "You will pay for this!" shot up the Istanbul studio of the station that broadcast it.

The police have not solved the case, but Mrs. Ciller wrote a letter to the station owner saying, "1 strongly condemn and deplore this dastardly attack. "

~ I Sections I Contents I~ I Forums IlklI2

Copyri~t 1997 The New York Times Company

9 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-BaslI1 Özeti

Die türkische 'Regierungauf Konf.rontationskurs lslamisten und PKJ(-imJl"18ier-Ennittlungen gegen-Ciller Das Arbeitsprogramm der neuen türkischen Koalitionsregierung enthält scharfe Positio- n~rt sowohl in der Islamisierungs-als auch in der Kurdenfrage. Am Dienstag wurden Ermitt- ,lungen gegen die bisherige Aussenministerin, Tans1,lCiller, eingeleitet

it. Istanbal, I. Juli schlossen worden, sagte Yilmaz am Montag. Einen Tag später hat der oberste Staatsanwalt, Die neue türkische Koalition hat der Lösung Savas, Ermittlungen gegen Frau Ciller eingeleitet. von drei drängenden Problemen Priorität einge- Laut der halbofTlZielIen Agentur Anatolien wird räumt. Primäres Ziel der neuen Regierung sei es, sie beschuldigt, «Geld von Ausländern» ange- dem Land aus seinergegenwärtigen System- und nommen und damit gegen die nationalen Interes- Staatskrise herauszuhelfen, erklärte Ministerpräsi- sen der Türkei gehandelt zu haben. dent Mesut Yilmaz. Die Debatte über den laizistischen Charakter der Republik, die in den letztèn Monaten zu Spannungen geführt hatte, müsse Wünsche der Generäle erfüllt? deshalb eingestellt werden. Die. Türkei sei, getreu Die türkischen Islamisten betrachten die Er- den Grundsätzen des Republikgründers Kemal mittlungen gegen Ciller als ein schlechtes Omen. Atatürk, laizistisch. Ferner soll die obligatorische Im vierseitigen, am Montag verteilten Arbeitspro- gramm unterstreicht die neue Koalition ihren WiI- ' len, den Laizismus - die Trennung zwischen Staat Die neue tiirkisch~ Regierung und Religion ~ zu bewahren. Viele Islamisten deuten dies als Ankündigung einer Verfolgungs-, Ankara. 30. Juni. (ap) Dein Kabinett des neuen welle. Sie sehen die Ermittlungen gegen Ciller türkischen Ministerpräsidenten Yilmaz gehören auch als politische Verfolgung. Eine Verhärtung Mitglieder von dessen Mutterlandspartei (Anap), der Standpunkte ist auch in der Kurdenfrage fest- der Demokratischen Linkspartei (DSP) und der zustellen. Gemäss dem neuen Arbeitsprogramm Partei der Demokratischen Türkei (DTP) an. soll der Kampfgegen Terrorismus und Separatis- mus mit Entschlossenheit fortgesetztwerden. Das Ministerpräsident: Mesut Yilmaz (Anap) «Südostanatolienproblem» sei nicht ein ethni- 1. VlZepreinier:, Bülent Ecevit (DSP) sches Problem; sondernhabe rein geographische, . 2. Ytzepremierund Verteidigung: soziale und wirtschaftliche Ursachen. Es sei ferner [smet Sezgin (DTP) auf die feudale StrUktur der Region sowie auf Äusseres: [smail Cem (DSP) Pläne und Provokationen aus dem Auslandzu- ,IWleres: Murat.Baseskioglu (Anap), rückzuführen., Wahlen soll, es erst nach einer ,Flnanz: Zekeriya, Te,;.îzel (DSP) neuen Volkszählung, also erst nàch längerer Zeit, ,Justiz: Dltan' Süngüflü (Anap) geben. Das Arbeitsprogramm der neuenKoali~ Erziehung: Hifcniet fJ/ùgbay (DSP) tion listet faktisch die im letzten Februar von' den Kultur: '[stem/han Thlay (DSP) , , Generälen diktierten Massmll1men ,auf. 6rrèntliche Arbeiten;Wohnungsbau: • Yasar Topcu(Anap) , ZweifelndeSömmen Gesundheit: [brahim, (Jzsoy (Anap) "LandWirtschaft: Mustafa Tasar(An.ap) Diese Regierung werde ständig ini Schatten der Generäle stehen, schrieb am Dienstag die liberale •~eit, und, Soziales:, Nam; Caga.n (D~P) 'Zeitung «Yeni -Yüzyil». 'Zw~ifelam Erfolg der Energie und Bode,nschlltze:, ' dritten Regierung Yilmazhatauch die englisch- Cumhur Ersümer (Anap), ' .. ',," 'sprachige«Turkish DailyNews» geäussert. Einige . Fremdenverkehr: Ibrahim 'Gûrdal (Anap) " ,Generäle würdenvon Yilmaz erwarten,dasser Forsten: Ersin Taranoglu (Anap) sofort iho: Forderungen, etwa die Einführung dei' , Umwelt: [mren Aykut (Anap) achtjährigen Grundausbildung,' erfülle. Dafür 'Vefkehr:Necdet Menzii.(DTP) , fehlten dem Staat allerdings die nötigen Finanz- mittel wie auch die Infrastruktur. Die auflage- -starke «Sabah» warnte vor einem allzu grossen 'Grundausbildung von fünf auf acht' Jahre verllln- Eifer beider Bekämpfung der, «islamistischen Ge- , gert welden. Das dritteund nicht weniger wich- fahr», da dies ,die Radikalisicrung der Islamisten tige Ziel, seiner Re~erUng sei der Kampf fùreine zur, Folgehaben ,würde. Die Vertrauensabstim- (saubere Gesellscbaft»:'und ,gegen die Verfi,lzung mung über die neue Regierung wird am 12. Juli' zwischen organisiertêln Verbrechen, und', hohen stattfmden,'Dann soll dasParlament, so hofft zu- StaatSbeamten.,' Die Akten über dén Susurluk- mindest der ,lSlamistenführer Erbakan,: eine Skandal - in den die ehemalige Aussenministerin «historische Aufgabe» erfüllen und gegen ~az Ciller otTensichtIicb:verwickelt ist - seien nicht ge- 'sowie die «antidemokratischen Kräfte» stimmen.

10 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

LE MONDE I MERCREDI 2 JUILLET 1997

Mesut Yilmaz, de retour aux affaires, présente le nouveau gouvernement turc Lacoalition tripartite veut barrer la route aux islamistes Le président de la République turque, Suleyman dirigeant du Parti de la Mère patrie (ANAP)qui, nouvelle équipe formée de trois partis, de Demirel, a apProuvé, lundi 30juin, le gouverne- à l'âge de dnquante aM, devient premier mi- gauche et de droite, rassemblés pour barrer la ment de coalition formé par Mesut Yilmaz. le nistre pour la troisième fois, est à la tête d'une route aux !slamites du Parti de la prospérité.

ISTANBUL porter à la Thrquie la stabilité poli- préoccupations des généraux et des avait révélé les liens entre des poli- de notre correspondante tique durable dont elle a bien be- défenseurs de la laïcité, avec des ré- ticiens du Dyp, la police et des cri- n y a un an, Mesut Yilmaz avait soin. férences aux principes fondateurs minels - pourrait ressortir des ti- été forcé, après l'effondrement de Le premier objectif de Mesut Yil- introduits par Atatürk, Mesut Yil- roirs où il avait été consigné par la l'alliance qu'il avait brièvement for- maz sera d'obtenir le vote de maz a cependant clairement voulu coalition précédente. mée avec Tansu aller et le Parti de confiance de l'Assemblée nationale, se démarquer de l'armée, qui, en Necmettin Erbakan et Tansu Cil- la juste voie, de passer la main à prévu pour le 12juillet, après avoir maintenant la pression sur le gou- ler, qui a échoué dans sa tentative Necmettin Erbakan, le vainqueur présenté son programme. Cette vernement précédent, avait finale- de devenir premier ministre, des élections générales de dé- étape devrait être franchie facile- ment obligé Necmettin Erbakan au avaient d'autre part proposé des cembre 1995, qui lui avait succédé ment compte tenu du nombre de départ. La formation du gouverne- élections anticipées à l'automne. au poste de premier ministre. Lundi défections au sein de la formation ment, a rappelé M. Yihnaz, « prouve Lorsqu'il a été pressenti par le pré- 30 juin, au cours d'une brève céré- conservatrice rivale, lé Parti de la que la solution se trouve dans la dé- sident Suleyman Demirel pour for- monie, c'est M. Erbakan qui lui a juste voie (DYP) de Tansu aller qui mocratie» et «sous le toit de l~- mer le cabinet, Mesut yihnaz avait remis le pouvoir. La nouvelle coali- a perdu douze députés au cours de semblée nationale JO. de son côté parlé d'un scrutin au tion est composée de trois partis, la semaine écoulée. Le Parti de la Le nouveau cabinet envisage éga- printemps 1998. de gauche et de droite, dont le seul prospérité, le DYP et le Parti de la lement de s'attaquer à la corruption Aujourd'hui, le nouveau chef du véritable point commun semble grande unité (BBP) se trouvent dé- - Tansu aller devrait être une des gouvernement semble moins em- être un désir de barrer la route du soI1lléÙsminoritaires au Parlement. principales cibles - ainsi qu'au pressé. M. yilmaz a certes déclaré, pouvoir aux islamistes du Refah Pàrmi les objectifs prioritaires, fi- crime organisé. il veut assurer l'in- lundi, que des élections anticipées (Parti de la prospérité). Ce gouver- gurent des mesures demandées par dépendance des tn"bunaux et limi- auront lieu mais il est resté très nement« de conciliation », déve- les militaires, telle l'introduction de ter l'immunité parlementaire des vague sur la date du scrutin, ajou- loppera «les valeurs CÎV/1es,démo- l'enseignement obligatoire de huIt députés. Le fameux dossier de Su- tant que celle-ci ne pourrait être cratiques, en faveur de la liberté », ans. Si le document reflète les surluk -l'accident' de voiture qui décidée qu'après des négociations selon les termes du nouveau pre- entre les partis politiques et les par- mier ministre. n pourra compter tenaires de la coalition. Cela ne fait sur le soutien d'une quatrième for- Les principaux membres 'du cabinet pas l'affaire du Parti populaire ré- mation politique, le Parti populaire publicain (CHP) de Deniz Baykal, républicain (social-démocrate) de Bulent Ecevft, dIrIIeant du DSP (PartI démocratique de gauche), qui a posé comme condition à son Deniz Baykal. qui était premier ministre au moment de rlnterventlon turque à soutien au gouvernement la tenue Dans l'immédiat, la formation du Chypre en 1974,revient au gouvernement en tant que vice-premier rapide d'élections. Un responsable 55' gouvernement de la République ministre. Ismet Sezgln sera également vice-premier ministre pour le de cette formation a déjà rappelé le turque permet au pays de sortir de DTP (PartI de la Turquie démocratique), une fonction qu'D combin~- nouveau premier ministre à l'ordre. l'impasse née de la dispute entre ra avec le poste de'minlstre de la défense. Gunes TaDer (ANAP),un Pour l'heure, Mesut Yllmaz porte l'armée et le premier ministre isla- des ministres qui avait mis en place les réformes économiques lm- les espoirs de éeux qui sont oppo- miste, Necmettin Erbakan. Les portantes du gouvernement Ozal, fait son retour en tant que mi- sés à toute participation des isla- marchés financiers ont salué l'évé- nistre d'Etat, responsable de féconomle. La diplomatie sera prise en mistes au gouvernement, et une nement avec une hausse record de charge par un social-démOcrate, Jsmaß Cem (DSP). Murat Bases- majorité de 1\1rcs semble prête à lui la Bourse. Mais les expériences pas- gio&Iu (ANAP) prend la relève' de la très controversée Meral Ak- accorder sa confiance. Du moins sées en témoignent, une telle al- sener, au ministère de rlntérleur, aion' que Oltan Sungur prend la pour quelque temps. liance de partis aux vues souvent tête du ministère de la Justice cIn'Oavait déjà dIrIIé à répoque de divergentes a peu de chance d'ap- TurgutOzaL NfcolePope

11 ~ t'V

~ ('I) C:J ;;.:: Turkish Daily News THURSDAY. JULY 3.1997 ('I) ~ ('I) ~ ~ CIl CIl ('I) I ~ "'"'i ('I) CIl Çiller wanted to counter the Armed Forces... CIl ~ ('I) C:Jn;. 8 The former prime minister tried to great loyalty. I tx:l create a police force loyal to her When Agar ended his career in the police ('I) ~ which could counter the military ... force, he was given a colorful grand farewell n; ceremony, which showedoff the strength of the ("l èS police force and which clearly irked the military. At the time, somecommanders who watched this ir "Î) ceremony at the general staff headquarters just 1>::l across the road from the police department, felt ~ ormer prime minister Tansu Çiller, the ('I) ~~imnalthis ceremony was a direct challenge to the mili- I leader of the True Path Party (DYP), :N apparently played with fire when she tried tary. (j' F. to create an alternative armed force to ilnur Çevik . Later, the same Agar became governor and .....1/;' counter the Armed Forces. This did not only then deputy and even a minister. He was always 1>::l bring about deep resentment in the Armed regarded as a challenge to the military and thus a Vl..... Forces, but it also triggered a defense mecha- danger because he served Çiller. His name was 1>::l nism and even created animosity among the mil- implicated in the Susurluk scandal as the man . ~ ~ itary towards the police force. It seems someone who set up death squads. All this seems to lit :i:l I had advised Çiller that she should bolster the into place as it is revealed that Çiller used police tJ police force, which would be loyalto her and ('I). The scheme of creating an alternative to the spies to infiltrate into the military and monitor ;:s thus have an armed force to counter any military military seems to have been created long before their activities ...... moves. the DYP formed a coalition government with the This is a country where the military has to d We were told last week by a very high-level pro-Islamic Welfare Party (Refah). It is said give permission for arms imports even for the ~ ('I) state official about this Çiller scheme and that Çiller, when she was prime minister, decided she police force. This is how particular the military the former lady prime minister had even planted could set upgangs to counter "the enemies of the is in trying to avoid an armed force that could :i:l-- spies in the Navy ... "'ö state" through people like former police chief counter it. ""t It seems Çiller never realized that the Armed ('I) Mehmet Agar, who later became governor and Çiller has disregarded this.fact and has tried to :::; Forces are very particular about remaining the then a deputy from the DYP. When Agar was CIl play with fire. She has tried to pit the police :i:l only force in this country and thus would not tol- police chief he had formed his own mini-empire against the military ... Now we will see how all 1 erate such actions. tx:l in the police force, which served Çiller with this backfires ... 1>::l CIl -;:s 0: N NI ('I) -...... Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prel1sa-Baszn Özeti RSF calls for regaining the lost dream of press freedom

Istaßbul. Turkish Daily News tion to its last report on Turkey, titled "Turkey: Lost Dreams" . • European parliamentarians have The RSF issued the abovemen- asked for the freedom of journalist tioned report, which was sponsored by I~1kYurtçu who was sentenced to 10 the European Commission, during the years and lO"months while he was the fifth hearing in the trial of the men editor:j.n-chief of the pro- Kurdish accused in the murder of journalist daily Ozgür Gündem. Metin Göktepe which was held at 26 In order to support "I~tk Yurtçu June in Afyon. Campaign" being carried out bl: the Sending a delegation to the trial, Reporters Sans Frontieres (RSF), 101 the RSF particularly focused its view members of the European Parliament in three basic topics in the report put their signatures to a joint declara- which evaluates conditions related to tion calling on the responsible Turkish the freedom of press between January officials to release Yurtçu. The RSF 1 and May 31 of this year. which is based in Paris has no govern- The three basic topics were legal mental association. In tandem with this, the Journalists' Association of re~lations which opened the way to Turkey (rGC) has applied to the pnsons for journalists; censorship of office of the Speaker of Parliament news in the Southeast by both sides Df requesting a complete pardon for the confrontation - the Turkish army yurtçu and all other editors in chief and the illegal, pro- Kurdish Kurdistan who are in prison. Workers' Party (PKK); and violence 'This action of the TGC occupies a by the security forces against journal- meaningful place in the struggle for ists. According to the report, nothing freedom of the press in Turkey. And changed during the time period on we repeatedly make it clear that the which the report focussed, January RSF fully supports TGC' s draft bill and May, while 150 journalists were which has been delivered to the office arrested and at least 13 of them were of the speaker of parliament, parlia- tortured. Furtl)ermore eight journalists mentarIans and political party offi- are still in prison because of "press cials," RSF declared in the introduc- crimes".

Turkish journalists HRW awards 12 "With these awards we hope to stir public WashingtOlJ. Turldsb Dally News debate about the scope of free expression in T~ey and what needs to be done to improve it," • Human Rights Watch (HRW), the international slUd Peter Osnos, chair of the grant selection com- human rights advocacy group, awarded twelve mittee. "While free expression is permitted in Turkish journalists with HelIman/Hammett grants many areas, it is frequently suppressed in the dis- "because of state persecution." cussion of some of Turkey' s most pressing prob- The journalists, who represent "Islamist, lems." Kurdish, leftist and mainstream" perspectives. have been "(persecuted) for writing about a number of issues, including the Kurdish question, the TGC takes action for editors in chief role of Islam in society, and the nature of the • The Turkish Journalists' Association (rGC) has Turkish state," HRW claimed. HRW awarded the following journalists: submitted to the new government a draft law to Ahmet Altan, Ragip Duran, Ali Erol, Atilla Halis, prevent .the punishment levied against a journalist from belOg forced on the publication's editor in Mustafa tslamo~lu, Sefa Kaplan, Ertu~ Kürkçü, Mehmet O~z, Ahmet ~tk, I~tk Yurtçu, chief as well, the AnatoUa news agency reported. TGC Chairman Nail Güreli said in a written Ay~nur Zarakolu. In addition, writers from 15 other countries, a statement that the draft law had been given to total of 45 writers, received Hellman/Hammett Prime Minister Mesut YIlmaz, his Deputies Billent Ecevit and tsmet Sezgin, Justice Minister grants this year. HRW also noted that "a high degree of free Ol~ Sungurlu and ~e~ocrat Turkey Party expression" exists "on almost all other topics, cre- Chauman HUsamettm ClOdoruk. The association ating a national dichotomy that permeates public is calling for an article to be added to the Press Law. AabnI. Turldsb Daily News debate."

13 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

By Turkish Shift Ciller Weakened As Riv~ITakes Over, Pressure Mounts for Corruption Probe

Leading Turkish newspa- The Cillers have built a for, By Stephen Kinzer pers reported that prosecutors tune estimatedby some in th~ Nel\' York Times Sen'ice plan to summon Mr. Ciller for tens of millions of dollars and 1STANBUL- Last month, questioning .about stock ma~ by others in the hundreds of Tarisu Ciller, who was then nipulation, smugglirig and millions. Mrs. Ciller has said Turkey' s foreign minister, dis- ties to organized crime. her husband is in charge of the played her éharacteristic ,de- Some pap~~ also reported family finances and that theif termination by assening, "I that the military had ordered fonune was built in part from will be prime minister soon:" immigration officers to pre- investment of a $1 millioq .Bùt this week, Mrs. Ciller vent the eillers from leaving inheritance from her mothen was forced to watch as her the country. The reports could But neighbors say the mothet bittér rival, Mesut Yilmaz, be- not be independently verified. died in poverty. came prime ininister instead. This complex of problems As the Cillers' fortune haS She also faces thepossibility marks a sharp turn in fortune grown, so has the numb~r ot that Parliament may lift her for a couple that once seemed their enemies. They include imniunity from prosecution to have all Turkey at their politicians who consider and send corruption charges feet. When Mrs. Ciller be- them corrupt, human rights against her to the Supreme came Turkey' s fir~t female advocates who say that theX' Court for investigation. prime minister in 1993,' she encouraged death squads and In a televised interview, his was acclaimed' at home and gangsters who say that Cillet first since taking. office, Mr. abroad. Since then, however, operatives have movedin on Yilmaz pledged that his gov- . her reputatic;>nhas plunged. their rackets. ernment "will not remain a Many European leaders are In May, one of the counT spectator in the face of cor- still angry with her because try's most wanted fugitives' ruption. " before. the' 1995 election, she Alaattin Cakici, telephoned Asked if. h~ believed that toured Europe appealing for an Istanbul television station the end had come for Mrs. foreign suppon on the ground .from a hideout to complair) Ciller, he replied: "This'is a that she was the only figure that the Cillers and their" wa. process, and it is accelerating .. who could preventthe Islamic- , terlront mansion gang" wer~ What she has done is clear, oriented Welfare Party from trying to extort $20 million and it cannot be ignored. It is coming to power in Turkey. from hirn in exchange for al. now a matterfor Parliament But. after the election, she lowing him to buy a govern~ and the courts." joined a coalition governmem ment-owned bank. . 'Mr. Yilmaz was able to with the Welfare Party and Mr. Cakici issued several form his government only be- . helped propel itsleader, Nec- threats against Mr. Ciller, and çause he won the support of m~ttin E~b.akan,to the post of vowed to "destroy the wa; more than two dozen mem- prûne mInister. terlront mansion gang oi die bers of Parliament from Mrs. Mr. Erbakan made her forT u-ying. " . . Ciller's True Path :Party who eign minister and helped her The day after Mr. Cakici's have turned against her and .defeat several motions in Par;. interview, gunmen shouting want to helpbring her down. liament aimed at sending "You will pay for this!'~ shot . Some of them have predicted charges against her to the Su: up the Istanbul studio of the that the.party will either con- preme Coun for investiga- station that broadcast it. tint,ie losing members or be tion. But the votes were very The police have not solved torn by a rebellion against her close, and she has reason to the case. In a letter to the sta- leadership; , fear that the results may be tion's owner, Mrs. Ciller said, Mrs. Ciller, who was not different if similar votes ar~ "I strongly condemn and de- availllbl~ fot comment, has taken' .again. . . , plore this dastardly attack." .steadfastly dènied charges of . . Several times in the past; corruption against her and her however,Mr. and Mrs. Ciller husband, Uzer, an Istanbul have, inan~ged to emerg~ businessman. Many of the from seemmgly crushing re. INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, charges have to do with illicit . verses. Despite their latesf ênrichm~nt through the ma- troubles, not èveryone here nipulation' of government discounts their prospects fot THURSDAY, JULY 3, 1997 agencies and contracts. . another.resurrection.

14 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Sta11lpa-Dentro de la Prcllsa-Basm Özcti Human Rights Watchspeaks out against closing down Re/ah

HRW: 'Headscarf is a ment on the heels of a failed vote of Advocacy on behalf of those who right of free expression' confidence targeted at toppling the wish to wear headscarves is a protect- Erbakan government, combined with ed act of free expression, even if it is the fact that there have been no efforts contrary to settled government poli- Wasblngtoa- Turkish DaHy News since the 1980 coup to close the cies," HRW said. Welfare Party despite the fact that its • Human Rights Watch ideology has changed little over the (HRW)lHelsinki, an international Advocac~ of hatred past decade, point towards a political human rights organization, came out But, addressing another charge leveled motivation for the case," HRW against the possible closing of the at the RP by the state prosecutor, argued. Islarnist Refah Party (Welfare Party or HRW said: "advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that consti- RP) on the grounds that this violated Defending religious dress the secular nature of the republic. A tutes incitement to discrimination or HRW defended the freedom to wear press statement released by HR W on violence is not protected expression." religious dress in public, as defended Specifically referring to certain July 3 said it viewed with "deep con- by the RP, as a "right of free expres- statemènts uttered in the past by some cern" the May 21, 1997 decision by sion." In a Feb. 28 ultimatum by the militant RP former-deputies, HRW chief prosecutor Vural Savas to close National Security Council (MGK), the said: "Acts charged in the indictment, the RP, the senior partner in RP-DYP RP was told to implement, among oth- such as calls by former party deputies coalition until RP leader Necmettin ers, measures to eliminate the spread- Ibrahim Halil Çelik for 'blood to flow' Erbakan resigned on June 18, 1997. ing practice of wearing headscarves and ~evki Yllmaz's statement that 'our "While we understand that the issue and other religious attire in public task is not to talk, but, as a soldier in of the role of religion in public life is offices. the army, to apply the plan in the war' under intense dispute and debate in "Issues such as whether an individ- may not be protected speech if under Turkey at the moment, we defend the ual may wear religious dress in various the circumstances they amount to right of the Welfare Party to make pol- situations may implicate both freedom incitement of physical attack, actual iey proposals as a basic element of the of expression and the right to hold reli- imposition of discriminatory penalties right of free expression and public gious or other opinions without gov- or criminal harassment or intimida- debate," HRW said. ernment interference. tion," HRW argued. The right of freedom of religion But HRW still questioned whether Political motivation encompasses the right to express one' s closing down a party was the right HRW said there was "political motiva- religious beliefs through acts such as response to such actions by some of its tion" behind trying to close down the religious dress, as long as that does not individual members. RP. infringe the rights of others. "In any event, it is open to question "We believe that the fmal judgment Human Rights WatchlHelsinki also whether the Welfare Party as a whole on these ideas should be left to the believes that the exercise of that right should be held responsible for selected electorate and people of Turkey, not a includes the right not to wear religious inflanunatory statements by certain of t'C>nrt. The appearance of the indict- dress if one so desires. its members," HRW concluded.

Genuine progress in N. Iraq.' KDP, TurkisbDaily News PUK and Turkmens held extensive taIks FRIDAY. JULY 4.1997 referred to the current situation as US-British-Turkish sponsored Ankara Western diplomat: We are "genuine progress." Process is being carried out success- still waiting for Turkish fully, Turkish diplomatic sources stat- Complete withdrawal troops' complete withdrawal ed that after the implementation of the Meanwhile, diplomatic sources talking co-chairmen's statement of the fourth to the Turkish Daily News stated that SAADETORUC round of multilateral Ankara talks, the they are still waiting for the complete AlJbra - Turkish Dally News new round of broad talks can now withdrawal of Turkish troops from probably come to the agenda. northern Iraq. "We don't want Turkish • The High Level Coordination In addition to the June 30 meeting soldiers to stay there. We were told Committee, set to consult on northern in northern Iraq near the Degala Iraq. according to.the Ankara ~ess, that the operation would be a limited held its first meetmg on June 30 m province, six subcommittees are hold- one, therefore we are still waiting to northern Iraq. Dr. Fouad Masoum of ing meetings on technical issues such see what transpires," he said. the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan as electricity, health, exchange of pris- The Turkish anny began the cross- (PUK), Sarni Abdurrahman of the oners and education. Three of these border operation in May reportedly Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) committees meet in Arbil, and the .with 50,000 soldiers backed by and Sinan Celebi from the Turkmen remainder in Suleymaniye. Whereas annored vehicles and Super Cobras. Front were among the participants. no result has been achieved concern- According to Office of the General Confidence-building measures ing the sharing of the border revenue, Staff statements, more than 3,000 sep- including revenue-sharing and the the reports about the continuation of aratists were killed during the anned release of prisoners were the main the cease-fire are customarily positive. clashes. Most of the troops reportedly agenda items. Pointing out that the A Western diplomat briefing the TON withdrew from the area last week.

15 ~ 0\

:N (';l c:J Turkish Daily News FRIDAY.JULY 4.1997, ~ (';l $::l... (';l '"tl ~ (';l Cf) Cf) (';l I '"tl ~ (';l Cf) Cf) :N ...And the military shows signs ofuneasiness (';l c:J ~. 8 I tö Foreign policy statements by Ecevit and Here Ytlmaz is forced to reassess his position (';l on what he can do and what he can't. It ISclear ;;. remarks by Ydmaz that thè government (';l he cannot deliver some of the military demands c:J o wants to renegotiate its position regarding Islamists. Èf regarding the military's demands Thus we have a dilemma. The military will -n press Ydmaz to deliver, but at one point will we l':l for anti-fundamentalist measures need arbitration and compromise. The arbitration "l::3 (';l> seems to have irked the military can be done by President Süleyman Demirel and I :N the compromise could be between YIlmaz and èj' f~irona Chief of Staff General IsmairHakkJ KaradaYI... Cï;' he Mesut ytlmaz coalition government The military wanted a government without ...... l':l composed of the Motherland Party Refah and Çiller and now they have it. They will Ilnur Çevik CJJ (ANAP), Democratic Left Party (DSP) also get some anti-fundamentalist measures and ...... l':l Tand the Democrat Turkey Party (DTP) the cleaning of the state offices of Islarnists. As ~ carne to office with a mandate to "mend the bro- the social democrat ministers in charge of educa .. "l::3 l':l "-en down state system" and then lead the way tion and the religious affairs department start I for elections. But let no one forget that there was their work in earnest, we will also see a more t:J (';l also another mandate given to it by the secularist ers on TV that his government will not be ableto secularist approach in these vital state offices. ;::s ...... forces in Turkey led by the military that it was close down the religious schools by increasing But there will be a limit to how far this govern- ~ charged with taking a series of measures compulsory primary education from five years to ment can go and this is where the military will o eight in the near future, that he could only start $::l... approved by the National Security Council be required to make some concessions. (';l (MGK) to coinbat fundamentalist activities. such an application in a limited area and that We are aware there are already some civilian there were financial constraints, it was obvious , -l':l The pro-Islamic Welfare Party (Refah) led persons who are tryin~ to tell the military that '"tl coalition was unseated because It failed to take that the military would be extremely unhappy ... y dmaz will never delIver what they want and ~ (';l these measures and because the military felt The Motherland Party, and its leader Ydmaz, thus a military intervention is needed. We feel ~ Cf) Refahhad actively encouraged such activities. It has to consider the fact that their own voters are the military, which has acted with great respon- l':l I was clear from the very start what the expecta- composed of the conservative masses who are sibility,and maturity, should not listen to the~. tö l':l tions of the military were. They wanted YIlmaz very sensitive on religious issues. Thus Ylhnaz people who know they cannot' ever earn a IDID1S- Cf) to do the job efficiently and without any delay. knows hç has to exercise caution and thus cannot terial seat through democratic means and want to ~ So when ytlmaz started telling his interview- antagoni~e those who support his party. stir up trouble ... - 0: N ,,:: (';l-,...... Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prel1sa-Bas11l Özeti Tumtsb Daily News

FRlDAY.JULY4.1997 US State Dept.:'We know

York, and we encourage both of the Mesut Yllmaz well' parties to be represented at the highest possible level," Bums said. "That Bums: 'We' look forward to - he has noW departed - waS the would be President Clerides and Mr. President's personal representative. penk~. We think that it is very working with Mr. Ydmaz' We have had high-level contaèt," Important that they be there. Peace is Bums: 'We have no Bums continued. "Strobe Talbott not going to be made if you stay dialogue with the PKJ(' visited Ankara just a couple of away from the conference table. weeks ago. He is a high-level offi- Peace will not be made if you are not U(j.UR AKINCI cial; he is our deputy secretary of there." Concerning whether there is a WuhJngton- Turldsh Dally News state. Letters, phone calls, meetings U.N. package prepared to be present- by Secretary Albright, NATO meet- ed to the parties in question, Bums • The Clinton Administration on ings with Mrs. Çiller and others - declined to confirm. "I do not wish Wednesday reiterated its satisfaction we have had the highest possible to speak for the United Nations, but with the government of Mesut contacts with President Demirel, we, the United States, support the Ydmaz when State Department with Deputy Prime Minister Çiller. United Nations and the role the spokesman Nicholas Bums said, We will have contacts with Prime United Nations is playing. We ~ive "We look forward to working with Minister Ydmaz. We respect him. all support possible to it. We Wish it Mr. Ydmaz. We 'know him well." We look forward to workin~ with success." "He has been, as you know, prime him and his government as It is But did the U.S. contribute to the minister before. He has been a senior formed. We have an excellent rela- preparation of such a document by official in many governments. We tionship with Turkey, and that is the U.N. High Commission, Bums are looking forward to working with going to be carried on." Alexander was asked. "We have consulted quite the government that emerges from Vershbow of the White House intensively with the United Nations," the current round of consultations," National Security Council told a Bums admitted. "But this is a United Bums added. Previously, acting group of journalists on Wednesday Nations conference, a set of discus- spokesman John Dinger had told that Secretary of State Albright sions that is being undertaken. We journalists that the Ydmaz govern"j would be meeting with both the hope it is very successful. We have ment was a sign that Turkish democ- Turkish and Greek foreign ministers our own special negotiator in the racy was functioning well. After the during the NATO summit in Madrid. person of Dick Holbrooke. We will reSignation of former Prime Minister be carrying on separate discussions, and Refah Party leader Necmettin Sld•• tepplng Bums, sidestepping a question con- but always in conjunction with the Erbakan, President Demirel gave the cerning whether or not the Clinton efforts of the United Nations and the task of forming a new government to Administration has officially invited United Kingdom with Sir David main opposition leader and Hannay, and.in the spirit of coopera- Motherland Party (ANAP) chairman any senior members of the RP-DYP coalition to Washington in the last tion thatàll ôf uS together might" Mesut Ydmaz. Ydmaz formed a cab- make a small contribution to move 12 months. reminded his audience inet with the participation of Bülent the process forward, knowing that about the senior level American offi- Ecevit's Democratic Left Party the people who really need to make cials who visited Turkey in the past (DSP) and the Democratic Turkey the baSIC effort here are the parties Party (DTP) of Hüsamettin Cindoruk year. themselves, President Clerides and "But then-Ambassador Madeleine - longtime allies of President Mr. Denkta~." Although Amb. Albright, in July 1996, when she was Demirel. Richard Holbrooke, President Ambassador to the U.N., visited Lev.1 of contact. Clinton's special coordinator for Ankara. Undersecretary of State Replying to another question con- Cyprus, will not be participating in Peter Tamoff was in Ankara. Deputy cerning the level of contacts the talks, a 10wer-levelli.S. official, Secretary of State Strobe Talbott. Washington maintained with the pre- Carey Cavanaugh of the Southern We have had Defense Department vious Refah- True Path Party (RP- European Office, would nevertheless DYP) coalition government, Bums officials. Jan Lodal has been there. be in Amenia during the talks, Burns insisted that. "We have high-level There has been no lack of contact admitted. between the United States and contact with the Turkish On the PKK Turkey," Burns said. Government every day," primarily Replying to a question about through the United States ambas- On Cypru. whether or not Abdullah ÖCalan, sador in Ankara. The previous Bums commented as well on the leader of Kurdish Workers' Party ambassador, Marc Grossman, is cur- upcoming Cyprus talks in New (PKK), is correct in alleging that. rently in Washinçton, waiting for his York. Turkish Republic of Northern Washin~ton had established a dia- Senate confirmation hearing to Cyprus President Rauf Denk~ said logue With the PKK, Bums said that become the new chief of the State he may not be travelling to New it was not true. 'The PKK does not Department's European Affairs York for the U.N.-sponsored talks haveany dialogue with us. TheX ~ Office. The new ambassador-ta-be, between the leaders of the Turkish a vicious terrorist organization, ' Mark Parris, (of the National and Greek Cypriot communities, if Burns said, as he has frequently stat- Security Council) has not been he is going to be presented with a ed in the past. "It is not ~ssible for announced officially by the White U.N. package proposal about which us to have a dialo~ue With the PKK." House as the incoming U.S. ambas- he was not consulted in advance. "We have no th mg to discuss with sador to Ankara. "We very much support and applaud PKK.,~We r.eject discussions because "The ambassador, Marc the efforts of Kofi Annan to convene of Jh~ir perfidious actions in south- Grossman, who was our ambassador talks on Cyprus in Amenia, New eaStern Turkey," Burns added.

17 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basl11 Özeti

.. - . ..------,-r------.------~. . ; : ~ I f1fP---:; !!. Massacre de Sivas: peine capitale requise contre 38 accusés I Il :49 I! . ! GMT,04 H ANKARA, 4 juil (AFP) - Le procureur de la Cour de sûreté d'Ankara (DGM) a Juillet requis vendredi la peine capitale contre 38 accusés du massacre de Sivas, où 37 1997 personnes avaient été brûlées vives en 1993, a a~moncé l'agence Anatolie. @AFP l2.2Z Il s'agit du réquisitoire final du procureur qui, le 30 avril, dans son acte d'accusation, avait déjà requis la peine de mort, mais cette fois contre 42 des accusés, pour "tentative de changer par la force l'ordre constitutionnel de l'Etat".

L'agence n'a pas précisé pourquoi le procureur a changé entre temps son réquisitoire contre quatre de ces accusés.

Le procureur a en outre requis un maximum de 15 ans de prison pour 40 autres accusés, pour "participation à une tentative de changer par la force l'ordre constitutionnel de l'Etat", et confirmé une demande d'acquittement pour 14 autres accusés. Il:; ~! Le massacre de Sivas est le plus grave crime fondamentaliste commis en Turquie à ~~ l'époque moderne. Le 2 juillet 1993, 37 personnes, en majorité des intellectuels, avaient péri brûlées vives dans l'hôtel Madimak à Sivas (centre). Le feu avait été allumé par la foule, menée par des intégristes, en réaction aux propos de l'écrivain satirique turc Aziz Nesin, qui avait mis en doute l'originalité du Coran lors d'un débat.

En demandant un nombre élevé de peines capitales, le procureur de la DGM s'est conformé aux attendus de l'annulation d'un premier jugement contre les accusés du massacre par la Cour de cassation, qui avait demandé des sentences plus sévères en octobre 1996.

La Cour de cassation avait qualifié, le 3 octobre dernier, de "soulèvement ~~ intégriste" les incidents de Sivas, cassant les sentences prononcées en 1994 qu'elle jugeait trop légères.

Elle avait estimé que 42 des accusés devaient être rejugés aux termes de l'article ~ ~ 146-1 du code pénal, qui sanctionne la "tentative de changer par la force l'ordre constitutionnel de l'Etat", et que la peine capitale devait être requise contre eux.

A la suite du premier procès devant la DGM, parfois très agité, qui avait duré du 21 octobre 1993 au 26 décembre 1994,27 accusés du massacre de Sivas avaient été condamnés à 15 ans de prison pour homicide, dont un par contumace, 60 autres à d trois ans de prison et les 37 restants avaient été acquittés. ~~ Ces verdicts de 1994 avaient suscité la réaction des familles de victimes et d'une d partie de l'opinion publique turque qui les avait estimés insuffisants.

!! La DGM avait alors basé son accusation sur les articles du code pénal sur les :1 homicides ordinaires, sans prendre en considération l'article 146 qui sanctionne les

~.: ~,' "crimes contre l'Etat". H ~;,' l~~~~ ~~~~~------

18 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prellsa-BasIn Özeti Reform via scandal canism or basic principles of the republic society. Consequently, in democracies (crystallized in 1920) or Kemalism for administrations are transparent and some, is the basis of legitimacy. administrators/politicians are account- If this is true, freedom of election, able. representation, expression even jurisdic- Any country may have a democratic tion becomes ephemeral to system (the regime without these preconditions, we republic' s) maintenance. If the system have a century-old democracy because cannot be maintained by virtue of its we have adopted the parliamentary sys- capacity to satisfy its citizens, then an tem as early as 1908. But if the majority unpopular or extra-political force may of the people in this country are com- " "legitimately" want to keep peace and plaining about the sterility of the system order in ways other than conventional. to deliver and the insensitivity of the InlOO What is the place of political parties ~ government to heed them, that means the in this black-and-white picture? They contract between the people and the gov- " will carry on with business as usual: ernment(s) is now working. Considering Dogu since they represent the "basis principles that the latest three political contracts of the Republic" (not necessarily more). (Constitutions) have been prepared on Ergil They cannot help being an appendi~ of the order of the military the state. Only Refah was an exceptIon. (1961,1971.1981). their degree of realism however, this party looked at the society and popularity is questionable. as "we" ~nd "they." "They" were not Now Turkey needs a new political We are discovering our political only different but bad or "deviant." The party's conflicting attitude prevented it contract. not between state and society. system through scandals. but between social cohorts. These from being an agent of compromise and Susurluk was an eye opener progress. Refah was forced out of office cohorts through their representative organs/organizations must draw up the when its disagreement with certain quali- basic princifles of democracy as the pre- he latest (not the last of course) ties of the system be$an to be perceived requisites 0 good, (efficient and scandal concerning eaves drop- as opposing the "basiC principles of the accountable) governance. tolerance of pinJ ~ong securi~ forces is Republic." This meant all out war. revered cultural differences (preservin$ T 10dlcatIve of two things: The It is a pity that Refah really missed a the right to be assimilated into a majonty deep rift in the society and the extent of historic opportunity of bringing new culture) and equality of representation. anntion in ethical values and transparent groups and expectations to the system. At no time has the Turkish political government. Any governme!lt which. Not only did it not comply with the high parties took on the mission of structuring does not address these core Issues WIll moral principles it advocated at the out- the regime alon$ these ideals. That is not even leave a scratch in Turkish histo- set. But it had no realistic or coherent why a democratIc common ground. ry books. . . program to satisfy its supporters. Yet this (basic rules and mores) which political It is evident that the ftrst pnonty of Partr will go on playing the role of repre- agents cannot back down from could be the new government will be trying to senting the dispossessed. because they established. ease the tensions caused by the Pseudo- believe that there is no other political Is the new government aware what is Agenda of the Refahyol coalition. But organization that is sensitive to their par- expected of it or do they see their role would it gradually improve the un~.pular ticularities and exigencies. Hence, Refah merely as ousting the Welfare Party (RP) and unresponsive nature of our pohttcal is here to stay. The problem is to tolerate and easing the political tension? We do system? . it and to keep it in the system by way of not know yet. What if they adopt a mini- The greatest criticism levelled agat~st remaining and persuading it to remain malist attitude and limit their role to tak- the Refahyol coaliti~n w~ t~at it was 10 loyal to the basic priociples of democ- ing Turkey to the next elections without conflict with the baSICpnnclples and racy. Indeed that is what is missing in addressing these systemic problems? institutions of the system. This may be a Turkey. We have a somewhat clear idea Well, then, we will lie back. close our legitimate criticism. but it is based on.the of what the basic principles of the repub- eyes and think of Turkey, our eternal static assumption that the system (which lie are; national soy~reiçnty (not.nece.s- love, while ... as usual. is defined as "Republicanism") does not sarily popular partICIpatIOn); nattonahsm; change. I believe this is the source of statism; unitary state. social and cultural many systemic problems. uniformity of the nation. But our notion The construction of an unchangi~g or of what the basic principles of democra- unchangeable political system - WIth cy are is not that clear. We confuse free- the exalted excuse that the republic.was doms with democracy. We are freedom built on them - neg~t~ popular w~ll as loving ~pl~, ~ut we want those free.- the foundation of legItImacy. DeVOIdof a doms for 10dlvldual use, not necessanly popular legitimacy base, the "system" for others. That is why we do not have remains to rest on mere ideology. full-fledged democra~y. ~~ough we (Republicanism). We know how Ideolo- have all the relevant 1Ostltlttions. gies are constructed. They start out as the S~ondly. we hav~ not yet overcome the Turkish Daily News word of God (or Deus ex machina -. main obstacle a~atnst full democ:acy: the machina in this case is the state mach1O- belief and practIce that the state IS the ery). and end up as God! Today republi- shapero provider and supervisor over the MONDAY.JULY7.1997

19 . Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Egyptian Ambassador: 'We can take Turkey in Arab and Africa market' Turkey is welcome in the Damascus Declaration >=oll: Egyptian Turkish busi{1ess statement that said the Turkish-Israeli Egyptian-Turkish business council Q meeting since its creation in 1992. He Z council meeting is held on military and security cooperation could o constitute a threat to the security of added that about 20 prominent Egyptian ::E July 7-8. The main topic Arab countries and the stability of the businessmen were members of the Middle East, calling on Turkey to . council and though they came from will be the cooperation reconsider its cooperation with Israel. many different fields. tourism and con- in the area of construction Ambassador Fathalla said that the struction was heavily represented. AY~E KARABAT Damascus group's new concerns remain Fathalla pointed out that .the legal base Ankara ~ Turkish Daily News within the limits of an agreement of eco- for joint lDvestments was already pre- nomic cooperation and are not targeted pared during former Prime Minister • Egyptian Ambassador Muhammad against Turkey. He added that it was Necmettin Erbakan's last October visit Al-Mahdi Fathalla said that Turkey and never in their mind to push Turkey to Cairo. Egypt could cooperate for the third mar- away from the Middle East; it was just He said that Turkey and Egypt had kets and£gypt could include Turkey the opposite and they were' continuing te .quite' a bit to offer the tourism industry within the framework of the Damascus look at Turkish-Middle East relations and their proximity to each other - Declaration, in a Turkish Daily News from a very comprehensive view point. one-and-half hours by air, or one day by interview just prior to the July 7-8 He stressed that beside bilateral cooper- sea - added to the likelihood that the ation. Egypt and Turkey can cooperate two countries could prepare common Turkish-Egyptian joint business council in other country' .'I markets. package tours. . meeting. "At this point, it looks very promis- The ambassador also spoke about The J?resent Damascus Declaration ing. We are offering African and Arab Egypt's ongoing reconstruction projects states, SIX Gulf Arab countries in addi- markets. You have Central Asia and the in southeastern Egypt and their need for tion to Syria and Egypt, agreed to set up Balkans. Look toward Egypt as another investment. "We look forward to coop- a common market on attheir ministerial big market," Fathalla said. erating with Turkey in this area of con- meeting on June 26. As a further result Fathalla said that the upcoming struction, an area that Turkey is doing' of this meeting, the oùnistérs issued a Istanbul convention will be the Fourth very well in," he said. . Kurdish group rejects cease.fire proposedby rivai DIUIJBSCIIS" GermBIJ Press Agency

• A Kurdish group on Saturday rejected point of contention between the two factions- and as "an impossible project a peace mitia- oversee other finances. tive proposed by its Kurdish rival to end The agreement also calls for forming a temporary fighting in northern Iraq. parliariIent representing the PUK, KDP and other eth- The Kurdistan Democratic Alliance, a nic groups in northern Iraq. The parliament would coalition of Kurdish parties in northern then elect a "unity government" whose main mission Iraq led by the Patriotic Union of would be to organize elections in less than a year. Kurdistan, has recently proposed an The KOP, led by Massoud Barzani, said the current agreement to share control of northern r.arliament should be preserved as it is despite all the Iraq as a way of ending years of conflict 'complications of the current crisis." with the Kurdistan Democratic Party. It reasserted its keenness about achieving peace 'The PUK wants to cancel, once and forever, what and signaled its readiness to cooperate with all peace- has happened on the ground by submitting an unat- ful efforts to alleviate tension and to reach a fmal tainable 'project which cannot be considered as a cease-fire. . peace imtiative," the KOP spokesman in Damascus "The current crisis could be totally solved by creat- said in a statement distributed here on Saturday. ing appropriate climates to conduct democratic parlia- 'The proj~.t inspires that the PU~ ~ants to ~p~se mentarian elections with an international guarantee to its own condIuons and harbours SUSpICIOUSand SlßlS- honor the outcome," it said. ter targets and intentions," it added. The Iran-backed PUK, which is led by lalal Under the proposed agreement, the two factions Talabani, and the KDP have controlled northern Iraq would turn over control to a committee of representa- since shortlyafter the 1991 Gulf War with backing of tives from all Kurdish parties. the United States, Britain and France. But the two The committee would then appoint a group to scru- have fought bitterly, and Iran and Iraq bave both sup- tinize revenue from customs levied at the border -a ported their own faction in the struggle.

20 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti r--~----l- ' r-~-~:-~:~:~-;::;'-i:~~~~i::-;;:-~-:;:~~c:-~~::;;~;~~~~-i;~-~------' - ' - - ' - - - ' -.-.' ' ' -.-,. I il . 12:44 l.------. . I Gr~l07 ! ANKARA, 7 juil (AFP) - La Turquie a levé l'interdiction du commerce frontalier 1 ~~9;t j avec l'Irak, qui a avait été imposé après l'invasion du Koweit par ce pays il y a sept i I ans, a annoncé lundi le vice-Premier ministre turc Bulent Ecevit. I @AFP l I l ! l22Z I "L'interdiction du commerce frontalier dans le sud-est a été levé", a dit M. Ecevi I ' lors d'une réunion de son Parti de la Gauche démocratique (DSP, gauche 1 ~ I nationale). "C'est notre première décision", a-t-il ajouté, sans autre précision. ; ,; [ ; ~ ~ Il faisait manifestement référence au commerce avec l'Irak, voisin de la Turquie au sud-est. La Turquie n'a imposé aucune limitation sur son commerce avec ses deux autres voisins du sud-est, la Syrie et l'Iran.

:1 I:, ! M. Ecevit n'a pas indiqué si la décision de son gouvernement signifiait une violation de l'embargo imposé par les Nations unies sur le commerce avec l'Irak depuis août I I 1990 . .i ~,,' La Turquie se plaint d'avoir perdu, du fait de cet embargo, pour 30 milliards de ':.!,:', dollars en échanges avec l'Irak, qui était son deuxième partenaire commercial avant

:.l i la crise du Golfe, et a demandé la levée des sanctions de l'ONU à l'égard de Bagdad. .1 I L'an dernier, Ankara avait demandé aux Nations unies de lui accorder un statut spécial, similaire à celui de la Jordanie, pour lui permettre d'acheter des quantités limitées de pétrole irakien en échange de ventes de nourriture, mais n'a pas encore reçu de réponse.

L'ONU tolère depuis quelques années que des camionneurs turcs livrent de la nourriture en Irak et reviennent avec des cargaisons limitées de mazout, en passant par le poste frontalier de Habur, le seul point de passage routier entre les deux pays.

L'Irak a repris en décembre des ventes limitées de pétrole, dans le cadre d'un accord "pétrole contre nourriture" avec les Nations unies, vendant pour deux milliards de dollars de brut afin d'acheter des vivres et des médicaments.

La plupart du pétrole ainsi vendu a été acheminé vers la Méditerranée par un oléoduc passant en territoire turc.

M. Ecevit, un faucon dans les relations avec les Etat-Unis et les autres alliés I occidentaux concernant les politiques vis-à-vis de l'Irak et la question de Chypre, ~ est devenu vice-Premier ministre le 30 juin dans le cabinet de coalition pro-laïc du nouveau Premier ministre Mesut Yilmaz.

I:,. I :!...... :_------l..~~~~~~~~..~ .

21 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê~Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Öûti

Turkish Daily News TUESDAY,JULYS,lm

Erbakan In his last days as prime minister met with other D-8 summit participants, all of whom hadthe same question on their minds: What will be the future of the organization? The establishment of the D-B is the main highlight of the former government's achievements, which otherwise failed to make new inroads in trying to give Turkey's foreign policy a more 'Islamic flavour' AYSE KARABAT & SAADET ORUÇ IsI~c ~d ll!lti-Western orientation. . This View is compounded for the OPPOSi- Anlœra - Turkish Daily News tion by the fact that of all the countries Erbakan visited, namely Iran, Pakistan, n this second and final part of our Malaysia, and Indonesia, only Singapore was analysis of Turkey' s foreign poli- not predominantly lslamic. During his cy under the Islamist-led Welfare Iranian visit, the Islamist leader reportedly Party (RP) and True Path Party criticized his own security forces who had (DYP) coalition we look at this claimed that Iran was supporting the out- gove~ent's appro~ch to. the . lawed separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party "Islanuc east." A bnef glimpse IS (PICK). But the RP leader's real defeat also provided as to what awaits occurred during his second trip in which he the new "secularist" 'government led by visited Egypt, Libya and Nigeria. While there Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz. was no problem with his visit to Egypt, the Despite Erbakan's moves, concern was that his visiting Libya and Middle East business as usual Nigeria would be construed asacts of defi- ance by the West, which has blacklisted these From the very beginning, the Welfare Party two. . (RP)- True Path Party (DYP) coalition caused Libyan leader MUammar Gaddafi declared controversy, especially concerning policies on the Middle East and, more specifically, that he wished to see a Kurdish state in the regarding relations with Muslim countries. Middle East, while criticizing Turkey for Erbakan's aim was that Turkey act as a being a NATO member. He also stated that bridge, as he stated in his frrst prime ministe- Erbakan was his"deputy at the council of rial trip abroad to Iran in August 1996. He commanders of the Islamic public." This had said: 'There are countries which funda- claim was never openly derued by Erbakan mentally oppose the West, and Western but it created problems for him right up to his last day in office, and he was reportedly countries that do not understand the Muslim questioned about these allegations at a meet- world. We have to be a bridge between them and promote dialogue and understanding." ing of the National Security Council. But instead of forming this bridge, Another result of these two visits was the establishment of Developing Eight (D-8), Erbakan was accused of trying to turn Turkey which was intended to improve economic away from the West. His first overseas visit cooperation between Turkey, Iran, Egypt, . was viewed by opponents as an indication of the former government's predominantly Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, indonesIa,

22 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

and Malaysia. Durin~ the 0-8 conference vailed. Turkey has condemned the new set- held in June during die fmal days of the tlement policy of Israel, and the open- coalition, then Foreign Minister Tansu Ciller ing the tunnel near at a press conference announced the end of Islam's third-holiest the government At this summit. the main site, Mescid ul question on everyone's mind was the future Aqsa., but these of the fledgling or~anization, since it was issues can be founded at the iniuative of Erbakan himself. considered a reflection of Turkish policy on At the same time, the Turkish operation in the Middle East and the peace process. northern Iraq was going on, and a Turkish Forei~ Minister Tansu Ciller did not pay helicopter crashed after being hit by a PKK much attention to relations with the Middle missile which allegedly came into the sepa- East. except for her one visit to Jordan, which ratists' possession via Iran. After this inci- was postponed several times due to domestic dent, Mesut Ylhnaz said that because of the policy problems. 0-8, Erbakan's government had not taken Under the new government. dramatic necessary measures against Iran. changes in Turkish foreign policy are not Another fact concerning the former gov- really expected. Democratic Left Party (DSP) ernment's Middle East policy was the chang- leader Bülent Ecevit has always supported a ing structure of Operation Provid~ C0m!0rt regional policy in the Middle East. And in (OPC), a United States-led force mvolvmg the new government protocol it is written that Turkey, Britain, and France, which was "regionally focused foreign policy will be patrolling northern Iraq. It's goal was to pro- pursued." tect Iraqi Kurds from Saddam Hussein' s During Ecevit's Prime Ministry in 1979, attacks. But in an August 1995 Baghdad- the first Palestine Liberation Organization backed operation, Massoud Barzani, leader office opened in Turkey. Last year in March of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). he visited Palestine and Israel, and even con- captured most of the region. This was the veyed a message from Israeli Prime Minister spark which led to the Ankara Process, a Shimon Peres to Yasser Arafat during this peace effort aimed at a cease-tire between trip. He also outlined his views on the Middle Barzani' s group and the forces led by East at a conference at the International Press Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) leader . Institute (lP1). There he said that the region, lalal Talabani. In these negotiations, Turkey including Iran, Syria and Iraq, must be urged also insisted on the participation of the to cooperate against terrorism. Ecevit said Turkmens as mediator and third power apart Iraq must be reunited through an internation- from the Kurdish factions. Following these ally guaranteed arrangement that would developments, the structure of OPC, which ensure security and human rights for people had always been opposed by the RP, of all ethnic origins, and the economic changed. The operation's military coo~~- embargo on Iraq must be lifted under effec- tion center in Zakho was closed, resulung m tive scrutiny. the coordination of all flights being under The DSP leader also said that substantial Turkey' s control. This had. not bee~ Ùl;ec~e international aid must be extended to all the previously, and France, ll:tits.own lDSugauon, settlements under Palestinian rule in order to withdrew from OPC, which is now known as ensure greater and sustained support for the Northern Watch. peace process. Arrangements for the fair uti- During his first days as prime minister, lization of water resources should be supple- Erbakan reportedly talked w~th the Kurdistan mented by coordinated agricultural polictes Islamic Movement and convmced them to among the Middle Eastern countries to take action against the PKK. However, the ensure optimal productivity. It is very regret- movement had inadequate forces to have any table that the United States and several real imp,act. Thus, another "Islamic solidarity European countries have been contributing to project' failed. . . . the perpetuation of some of the most The main problem for the RP-led coaliuon anachronistic and despotic regimes of the was stepped-up relations with Israel. When world in the Middle East. Ecevit has claimed. Erbakan was in opposition he openly He believes that the holy city of Jerusalem declared that after coming to p?wC?r.they must be turned into a permanent center of would abolish the Turco-Israeli nulitary cultural ex.change between the three main training agreement. but this never ~ap~ned. religions which were born in the Middle East. According to this agreement. Turkish pilots Ecevit's ideas of course will not necessari- would be trained in Israel and vice versa. The ly ~ome Jovernment po~cy but. may ~ the accord sparked overreaction from Iran and bastC prinCiples for Turkey s foretgn policy other Arab countries. in the Middle East if the Motherland Party In Turkey, whatever the government. the raises no objection. Turkey's strategy in the foreign policy does not see~ to change ~- Middle East could include some attempts to matically, and this was true m ~ case Wlth improve relations with Iraq, at least in the Israel. Relations with Israel conunued to field of economy; a more suspiciOt,1S develop. One of the RP ministers, Fehmi approach to Iran; and more involvement in Adak, did his best to delay the ratif1~tion of the Middle East peace process. Still, it is cer- the Turco-Israeli trade accord by Parliament tain that these moves will not bring any dras- but Israeli Foreign Minister Oavi~ Levy tic changes. made a trip to Turk~y and met ':Vtth~akan. According to Israeli sources, this meeung Energy driven foreign polley was excellent and a "special chemistry" pre- As the main question in most local conflicts

23 Revue de Pre~se-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

appears to be, "How will the borders of the Moreover, Turkey was about to violate the world's energy map be drawn?" Turkey's United States' controversial D'Amato Law CaucasuspoIicy revolves around the aim of which strictly limits investment in both Iran becoming the energy bridge or t(mnip.al of and Ubya. Ttirlcey's answer wlts é~pIiCit: the 21st cenÇUly. 'We are energy-poor ... We have to find reli- The Cauèasus is one of the regioDs that able energy resources in order to avoid wel- Turkey particularly focuses OD.Although the coming in the 21st century freezing in the Caucasus frequently appeared in the Tt.irkish darkness. Turkey will do its best to find ener- press with reports about the Nagomo- gy supplies." As these discussions were Karabakh issue and rich oil reserves, the going on, Turkey quietly persuaded the Caucasus has additional importance because United States to accept that agreement by of its.ethnic ties with Turkey. While the giving the specifics about the deal. They Caucasus was in need of Turkey asa big explained that the natural gas sold by Iran brother, Turkey was dreaming about benefit- was, in fact, Turkmen gas, thus facilitating ing from these oil-wealthy relatives. U.S. acceptance of the agreement. These dreams be~an to turn into reality: Regardless of all the discussions, the ten- ,Efforts on mega projects such as the Baku- der process for the construction of the natural Ceyhan pipeline had already started under gas pipeline is being successfully carried out. previous governments. However, during the This is perhaps a surprising example of the period of the Welfare Party (RP)-True Path relations that can be forged between antago- Party (DYP) government, instead of exten- nistic brothers on the occasiou, of such a large sive discussions on Baku-Ceyhan, as would energy deal. According to senior bureaucrats, have been expected, there was talk of another one of the world' s largest oil companies, strategic m~ga project: the Turkish-Iranian U.S.-b~d UN~~ is ro~g up its sleeves natural gas deal. for Turkish gas elpeline proJects. Who " The RP placed great importance on that knows? Time Will tell... ' $21 million project and perhaps lost a consid- Another point concerning Turkey's energy erable amount of its already diminished cred- politics which appeared during the ibility among "big guns," because of that Welfarepath tenn in office relates to the deal. Some circles within the state which absence of a Turkish Foreign Ministry. were ägainst having good ties with Iran Experienced diplomats did their best, but voiced, behind closed doors, their concerns most of the time they were not'able to make regarding this project They were of the opin- the politicians listen. .', ion that the plan would have to be cancelled The most recent episode mvolves the nat- in order to prevent Iran, which is alleged to ural $as discussions with Iraq. Turkish pennit terrorist infiltration into Turkey Foreign :Ministry officials were forced to through its frontiers, despite warnings, "find insist that a rernark about the United Nations room to breathe." embargo, which has been in place since the As RP's flirtation with Iran became seri- GulfWar, on Iraq be added to the declaration , ous due that project, Turkey's big brother of the energy minister. But Minister Recai started to get worried about that friendship Kutan was always shown to be the one issu- 'with a "naughty" partner. ing "brave" statements against the U.N.

24 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Bas.ln Özeti

embargo...... c.uca .... While Kutan was sending signals of Concerning Turkish politics regarding the breaking the ~o if it ~ere ~ lifted. in Caucasus, the coldest shower came with the an interView WIth the Turkish Daily News statements of Azerbaijan's President Haydar Turkey's most senior diplomat, Foreign . All ev durin his visit to the Turkish Ministry Undersecretary Onur Oymen agam p:Iiamenl ~e displayed anger that attempts officially denied Turkey held any such posi- at a coup d'etat in his country had been tion. backed by certain circles in Turkey. Energy politics was linked to the prefer- Despite these negative remarks, it was ences of Turkish Petrolewn Company obvious that Azerbaijan needed Turkey (TPAO) and Turkish Pipeline Company strategically. There were wide-ranging talks (BOT~) officials. Diplomats in the Foreign during Allyev's visit about possible stratepc Ministry did not have full. oppo~ty ~ . cooperation between Turkey and Azerbaijan. guide Turkey's main foreign policy pnnCl- Azerbaijan insisted on such collaboration, pIes during.the di~~ions OJ? energy. A . particularly regarding the illegal missile 'lenier Forel~ Ministry OffiClal stressed this transfers to Armenia. point by saymg that the "energy bureaucra- cy" was not aware of foreign policy facts. ''We *ene~y have to remind them ofthese facts, he saldo .

• L'armée préparait un coup contre le gouvernement Erbakan, selon un ancien ministre , 15:22 l . GMT.08 l : J uiller lr------~ : 1997 ; ANKARA, 8 juil (AFP) - L'armée turque préparait un coup d'Etat contre le I gouvernement à dominante islamiste de Necmettin Erbakan, a laissé entendre mardi Meral Aksener, ministre de l'Intérieur dans l'ancien cabinet.

"Nous avons appris qu'un groupe sans aucune base légale a été formé aù sein des forces armées", a déclaré Mme Aksener lors d'une conférence de presse.

"Selon des informations recueillies, ce groupe était impliqué dans des activités allant bien plus loin que la simple lutte contre le fondamentalisme" islamique, a ajouté Mme Aksener, qui est proche de l'ancien vice-Premier ministre Tansu Ciller, la partenaire de M. Erbakan dans ce gouvernement qui a démissionné le 18 juin.

"Allait-il y avoir un coup d'Etat? Cela doit être débattu publiquement", a-t-elle ajouté.

Ses déclarations font suite à un scandale dans lequel, selon la presse, le département des renseignements de la police avait placé sur écoute les téléphones de l'état-major des armées.

Mme Aksener a confirmé que la police avait écouté les téléphones de l'état-major, ajoutant: "le service des renseignements de la Sécurité a fait son devoir en recueillant des informations et en les communiquant au gouvernement".

"Le Premier ministre (Erbakan) a alors parlé de la situation au président (Suleyman Demirel), qui à son tour a informé l'état-major", a dit Mme Aksener.

Elle a déclaré que les trois coups d'Etat, en 1960, 1971 et 1980, avaient fait grand tort à la Turquie, ajoutant: "Malheureusement, ces coups, on les a regardés se dérouler, on n'a pas pu les prévenir".

L'ancien ministre a indiqué avoir récompensé le chef du département des renseignements de la police, Bulent Orakoglu, qui avait recueilli les informations en question, en l'envoyant en mission aux Etats-Unis.

25 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de LaPrensa-Baszn Özeti

Il Mais selOI1l'agence Anatolie, il a été limogé mardi par le successeur de Mme Il .Aksener comme ministre de l'Intérieur, Murat Basesgioglu.

M. Erbakana démissionné le 18 juin, sous une forte pression de l'armée, qui était hostile à son gouvernement à dominante islamiste depuis son entrée en fonctions en juin 1996.

Depuis février, l'armée tentait de forcer M. Erbakan à prendre des mesures contre Ile fondamentalisme islamique, ce à quoi M. Erbakan se refusait.

Il a été remplacé comme Premier ministre par le leader conservateur Mesut Yilmaz, ~:::::::::••.I dont le gouvernement de coalition pro-laïc minoritaire, formé le 30 juin, devrait obtenir samedi la confiance du parlement.

Quelques semaines avant la démission de M. Erbakan, un porte-parole militaire avait accusé le gouvernement d'encourager le fondamentalisme islamique et promis que l'armée combattrait les extrémistes religieux par tous les moyens, "y compris par la force".

La tension entre le gouvernement Erbakan-Ciller et l'armée avait suscité la crainte d'un coup d'Etat, bien que de hauts responsables militaires eurent écarté cette possibilité.

Un porte-parole militaire avait indiqué le 10 juin que l'armée avait mis sur pieds un "Groupe d'étude occidental" pour lutter cOlure le fondamentalisme islamique, qualifié de plus grave menace pour la république turque. .

C'est ce groupe qui, selon Mme Aksener, est allé "plus loin que le combat contre le fondamentalisme" .

ue/hclmm t .

. .

• Huit morts, Il blessés dans une mutinerie dans une prison d'Istanbul 07:03 GMT,09 ...... - . Juillet 1997 ANKARA, 9 juil (AFP) - Huit détenus ont été tués et Il autres blessés dans une mutinerie déclenchée dans la nuit de mardi à mercredi dans la prison de Metris, dans la partie européenne d'Istanbul, pour protester contre leurs conditions de détention, a annoncé mercredi matin la chaîne privée d'information en continu NTV.

On ne savait pas dans l'immédiat si les victimes avaient péri lors de la mutinerie ou dans la répression de celle-ci, une opération ayant été déclenchée dans la prison par les forces de l'ordre vers 08h00 (05h00 GMn mercredi.

Toutefois selon NTV, qui citait des équipes de secours envoyées sur les lieux, la plupart des victimes sont mortes asphyxiées par la' fumée dégagée pàr un incendie allumé par les mutins et qui a été éteint dans la matinée par les sapeurs-pompiers.

CE/hcldfg eaf

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26 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

FORMATION D'UNE COALITION FRAGilE

Le nouveau cabinet turc formé par Mesut Yilmaz et approuvé, le 30 juin, par le président Demirel compor- te 38 membres, dont 7 transfuges du Parti de la Juste voie (DYP) de Mme. Çiller. Grâce à des transferts de députés réalisés au cours des deux dernières semaines il dispose, sur le papier, d'une majorité de 3 voix et pourrait obtenir le 12 juillet prochain l'investiture du Parlement. Cependant, cette majorité théorique est des plus fragiles. Les trois partis formant la coalition, l'ANAP (parti de la Mère- que le temps d'organiser dans de Affaires étrangères Klaus Kinkel n'a patrie, 132 sièges) de M. Yilmaz, le bonnes conditions de nouvelles élec- pas caché son irritation face aux DTP (parti de la Turquie démocra- tions anticipées". Son chef, M. Baykal, pressions exercées par les États- tique, 12 sièges) de H. Cindoruk et accorde un délai de 6 mois, ce qui Unis sur les Européens pour accep- le DSP (parti de la Gauche démocra- fait dès maintenant grincer les dents ter l'adhésion de la Turquie dans tique, 67 siège) de B. Ecevit. ne dis- de son rival, l'ultra-n.ationaliste Bulent l'Union européenne. En prenant ses Ecevit, "le conquérant de Chypre", distances par rapport à Washington, pose ensemble que de 248 sièges qui l'âge de 72 anS devient vice-pre- le ministre allemand a déclaré qu' "il sur 550. Outre les 49 voix du Parti mier ministre. est impossible pour nous de nous républicain du peuple (CHP) de Deniz Baykal qui a promis de soute- souscrire dans la vision américaine Le protocole signé entre les nir le gouvernement "jusqu'aux élec- qui met en avant la place stratégique partenaires de la coalition prévoit la tions anticipées", celui-ci doit s'assu- de la Turquie. et d'accepter cela mise en oeuvre rapide des mesures rer les voix de 17 députés indépen- comme critère pour faire entrer la demandées depuis fin février par l'ar- dants et celles des 2 députés du Parti Turquie dans l'UE". Tout en mettant mée. L'organisation d'un recense- de l'Action nationaliste (MHP~, extrê- l'accent sur le fait que la Turquie ment de la population, la mise à jour me droite. S'il parvenait à passer était un "allié indispensable que nous des registres électoraux, la limitation l'épreuve du vote d'investiture, il aura ne pouvons nous permettre de du champ de l'immunité parlemeotai- du mal à maintenir cette coalition perdre", il a rappelé avec la même re et "la lutte contre la corruption". Le hétéroclite formée à coup de pro- force qu'il y a des problèmes à problème kurde n'est même pas messes de portefeuilles ministériels résoudre dans ce pays et qu'"ils mentionné dans ce protocole qui, en et de millions de dollars. L'ex-Premier savent eux-mêmes que ces pro- revanche, souligne "la nécessité de ministre Erbakan et Mme. Çiller blèmes doivent trouver une solution". poursuivre avec détermination la lutte dénoncent publiquement "le gouver- Au premier plan de ces problèmes contre le terrorisme". nement des militaires et des salles figurent "la question des droits de des jeux (Kumarhane)", affirmant qu'il "l'ACCESSION l'homme, la question kurde et l'assai- a été formé à la demande de l'armée DE LA TURQUIE nissement de l'économie" a martelé et grâce à des millions de dollars pro- le ministre allemand. venant des salles de jeux pour finan- . À l'UNION EUROPÉENNE cer le débauchage et les transferts QUELQUES CHIFFRES EST IMPOSSIBlE" des députés. Le Refah qui dispose SUR lE GOULAG TURC de nombreux sympathisants au sein DÉCLARE K.KINKEl de l'ANAP de M. Yilmaz se dit prêt à débaucher à son tour quelques dépu- La Fédération internationale tés de ce parti. Prenant la parole devant une des Commissions de Helsinki, un consortium d'ONG de défense de assemblée réunissant des parlemen- droits de l'homme ayant des sections Autre fragilité de la coalition: le taires allemands, anglais et améri- travers le monde, a dressé, dans soutien conçlitionnel du CHP. Celui-ci cains, tenue à Berlin le samedi 28 à un rapport rendu public le 19. 06. 97, ne soutiendra "le gouvernement laïc juin, le ministre allemand des

27 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

un tableau en quelques chiffres sur verneur de la région soumise aux Helmer, le lundi 30 juin. Le général le monde pénitentiaire, turc. A la fin lois d'urgence, Necati Bilican, celui-ci turc a indiqué que des projets sont à de 1995 il Y avait 49 705 prisonniers dans un briefing donné, le 26. 05. l'étude pour la modernisation des en Turquie dont 8751 prisonniers 1996, a déclaré que "706 villages ont forces armées turques pour les 15 à politiques. Seulement 124 des 650 complètement été évacués (détruits, 20 années prochaines. Français et prisons turques disposent d'une infir- corrige le rapport); 212 partiellement Trucs se sont mis d'accord sur les merie et d'un façon générale d'un détruits; 1592 hameaux ont complè- projets concernant les hélicoptères médecin par prison. Les prisons sont tement été évacués et 175 partielle- et les chars et d'autres projets pour- toutefois dépourvues dé service d'ur- ment". Un total de 2685 villages et raient encore aboutir. Le premier gence et d'un service médical à plein hameaux ont complètement ou par- conseiller du Premier ministre, Sedat temps dans un monde pénitentiaire, tiellement été évacués et détruits, Celikdogan, a déclaré que "les chars ou on assiste à des grèves de la selon ces chiffres officiels. français Leclerc seront produits en ; faim à répétition (en 1996 douze pri- Turquie" que c'était le fruit d'un voya- sonniers politiques ont décédé à la COOPÉRATION ge effectué la semaine dernière en "suite d'une grève de la faim). Selon France d'une délégation militaire les chiffres donnés par le ministère MILITAIRE RENFORCÉE turque. Notons qu'une importante de la justice en 1995, le gouverne- ENTRE LA FRANCE part du marché de l'industrie lourde ment dépense 22500 livres par pri- en Turquie est également contrôlée sonnier et par jour, ce qui représente ET LA TURQUIE par les militaires que des projets por- en Turquie le prix d'un pain! Lors des tant sur la vente de satellites de communication par la compagnie transferts des prisonniers vers les La Turquie vise de plus en plus hôpitaux, les tribunaux ou vers française Alsthom à des sociétés à se rendre sinon "autonome Il en proches des militaires ont également d'autres prisons, les prisonniers sont matière d'industrie d'armement du été conclus. enchaînés. Les restrictions des moins à fabriquer chez elle" ce dont visites des familles et des avocats elle a besoin avec l'aide des compa- des prisonniers sont fréquentes. gnies américaines et 'européennes. Dans ce rapport on également rele- C'est dans ce cadre que le vice-chef ver quelques chiffres concernant la d'état-major des armées turques, le" destruction et l'évacuation par l'ar- général Cevik Bir, a invité le prési- mée des villages dans les provinces dent de la Direction générale de l'in- kurdes. Le rapport cite le Super-gou- dustrie militaire française, Jean-Yves

LlJNDI-MARDI, 7-8 JUILLET 1997

, , Aqener: Wehave Turkish Daily News foiled military coup WEDNESDAY,JULY9,l997 Ankara. Turkish Dally News The "mole scandal" broke out When the spyin~ was uncovered a after several releases of press reports month ago, the military asked Aqener to • Interior Minister Meral Ak~ener last week that Bulent Orako~lu, the dismiss Orako~u, but she sent him into has confirmed the secret intelligence- acting chief of the intelligence " the background to duties in the United gathering from the military by the branch of the Security Department, States, wnere he ~t the last few weeks police, but'has denied tha~ she gave had allegedly spied on military docu- ' with his family. Fmally, Orako~u the orders. " " ments with the help of a former police returned to Turkey on Monday after the Mter two instances of postpone- officer serving his army duty in the intel- ,", controversy was publicized. men~ Aqener: spoke at a press con- ligelice section of Naval Forces "When the documents reached our ference at theTrue Path Party (DYP) Headquarters. The reports said the poliçe hands, we were informed about the estab- headquarters in Ankara on Tuesday, department w~ motivated by the rumors lishment of some non-hierarchical orga- saying the ministry had received that the military would organize a coup. nizations a$ainst le~al procedures," , . reports that the West Working Group After gathering the secret documents, ~ner s81d refemng to the West - a military body established by,the Orako~u submitted to former Working Group. '''There are some suspi- General Staff in order to monitor Minister Aqener a report that followed a cions that the West Working Group does illegal Islamic fundamentalist activi- hierarchical path which ended at the has no legal base. We bave also learned ties Il! home and abroad - was car- hands of President Süleyman Demirel. about the existence of that organization rying.'out activities outside of its He later gave the documents to the with the help of these documents," she assigned responsibilities. General Staff. added. She üso tried to assure,that the

28 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

investigation by the"poIice deIW1ment Group, military sources criticized the for- B~gioglu said he had ordered an into whether the military would organize mer minister, saying that the new govern- investigation into the actions of a ~ or not, did not actually target the ment should shed light on Susurluk OrakogIu, adding that he was soon to be Turldsh Armed Forces. Scandal as well as implementing the retired. Bqesgi~u also said OrakogIu' s Aqener denied that she bad given the eight-year compulsory education deputy, AvC1,will be appointed to anoth- orders to Orakoglu to carry on with the system. eroffice. espionage and said she did not need to Theyadded that "certain" individuals, The minister addressed reporters at give these instructions. She said the law referring to ~ner, would be seen to be Parliament on Tuesday, saying the two already authorized the police officers to involved in illegal activities such as set- intelligence officers who allegedly col- gather information on suspicious activi- ting up a gang within the state. Military lected information on the possibility that ties carried out against the state, in officials said that such remarks aim to the armed forces might organize a coup, order that the president and the heads of bring the Turkish Armed Forces and bad been relieved or their duty. government be informed. But she also other groups, including police forces, B~gioglu said he did not believe the conftmled that if she was authorized to face-to-face. They said the Turkish mili- c1auns that the military was preparing for give the orders for such an act, she tary took its power from thé Constitution a coup. woulddo so. and laws to protect the secular and demo- He also said he had not seen any The former interior minister also blast- cratic Turkish Republic. "report" that was allegedly prepared by ed press or¥.anizations for deliberately these two bureaucrats and submitted to publishing 'political speculation" against Interior Mlnlst.r former Interior Minister Meral ~ner. police orgamzations. sack. Orakotlu He added that the armed forces were Military reacts Meanwhile, Interior Minister Murat authorized by the Constitution to safe- After ~ener' s controversial press con- Bqesgioglu bas announced that he has" guard the basic principles of the ference which exposed the alleged illegal removed Orako~lu and his deputy, republic and that the enigma would be actions taken by the West Working Haneti Avci, from office. clarified after the investigation was completed.

Turkisb Daily News

WEDNESDAY.JULY9,l997

TOBB report: Tunceli has the highest rate of migration ADkara • Turlcisb Daily News cent with 134,915 people migrating since the last census . • A recent Turkish Union of Chambers and Bayburt's migration rate also achieved a Commodity Exchanges (TOBB) report stated mark of distinction. that one out of every four people have migrat- While 97,605 people who were born in the ed from their hometown to another city. Bayburt area continue to live in their home- According to official census based TOBB research results, the highest rate of migration towns, 101,776 of them have moved to other from urban areas comes from the southeastern cities giving Bayburt a 51.05 percent migra- town of Tunceli. tion rate. Although 253,271 people list Tunceli as The research noted that Sivas and Kars also their place of birth on identity cards, only had high migration rates. While 350,711 of 118,356 of them live there. the 3,074,506 people born in Istanbul migrat- Tunceli's migration rate, first among all ed to other cities, 317,000 of those migrating other cities in Turkey, amounts to 53.57 per- from Sivas choose to go to Istanbul.

29 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

~ ~ ~ ~ Intelligence scandal ~ >- -...... S ~ ->=' < Q

30 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti torships," Dedelek said, referring to the in .fascist and Nazi periods, adding that assigned responsibilities. fonner government's involvement in the spteshad penetrated the.state'sinstitu- At a press conference on Wednesday at scandal. tions and tapped the telephones of a num- Parliament, the RP' s Deputy Chainnan .Dedelek spoke at a press conference on ber of leaders - including President Ahmet Tekdal said every state institution Wednesday, saying Prime Minister Demirel's. should deal with its own responsibilities. Ydmaz's government was aimed at bring- The ANAP deputy chairman also He was replying to questions by reporters ing tranquility and peace and he believed promised that the new government would on how he assessed the recent tensions that it would win the vote of confidence relax controls on the judiciary. "Everyone between Ak¥ener and the General Staff. in Parliament on Saturday by a large will explain their corrupt acts before the 'The important thing is the implemen- majority. He said the people, who had judges, and our government will help the tation of laws and the compliance with encountered many problems for a.year, judiciary to work efficiently," he added. the democratic mIes; In a place where the were now in favor of the new govern- laws are supreme there is no possibility ment. He said the former government had AP. Indirect support to for any government official or institution failed to solve their problems and only Ak ...... to carry out illegal activities," Tekdal exploited religious beliefs. He added that Meanwhile, the RP has given indirect said. He added that all responsibilities RP had also tried to cover up the corrup- support to former Interior Minister Meral were specified in the Constitution and tion allegations against its coalition part- Ak¥ener' s accusations that the West that no one, nor .any institution, had the ner, the DYP. \,VorkingGroup was an illegal organiza- right to sit in the position of single mler Dedelek said the method implemented tion. of the country. by the former government of playing off Ak¥ener on Tuesday said that the the military and the police was onlv seen group was carrying out the activities of its

.- -.-.-.- .

Le bateau, qui transportait surtout des femmes et des enfants, a fait naufrage mercredi soir peu après son départ du port turc de Karaburun (300 km au sud-ouest d'Istanbul).

Un hélicoptère de sauvetage turc, des navires des gardes-côtes et des bateaux de pêche partis du port turc de Cesme continuaient jeudi leurs recherches, mais l'espoir de retrouver des survivants s'amenuisait rapidement, selon les autorités.

"C'est horrible, ces survivants ont passé plus de quinze heures en mer. Ils sont maintenant à l'hôpital", a déclaré un garde-côte.

Plus d'une centaine d'Irakiens sont passés illégalement de Turquie en Grèce depuis le début de l'année. Les autorités grecques se plaignent de ce trafic, devenu une activité professionnelle pour beaucoup de propiétaires de bateau dans plusieurs ports rurcs.

I ue/hcliallfa î .

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[.; .•.•.•.•.•.• O.O.O •.•.•.•.•.• ;.j O•.• 0.0 •.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•••••••••••••••••••.•••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•••.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•. ;1 l' ''''- .iI• L'armée poursuit ses efforts en vue de la dissolution du Refah l'

: 15:45 ~j . '.' . . . . .o' • • '.' '.' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •~ I GMT,10 ANKARA, 10 juil (AFP) - L'armée turque a soumis jeudi des documents à la Cour Juiller 1997 constitutionnelle, dans le cadre de ses efforts pour obtenir la dissolution du Parti islamiste de la Prospérité (Refah) de l'ancien Premier ministre Necmerrin Erbakan, a annoncé l'agence Anatolie.

Les documents, fournis par l'état-major, contiennent des informations "qui établissent un lien entre le Refah et des activités fondamentalistes illégales", a précisé l'agence.

La Cour constitutionnelle, plus haute instance judiciaire de Turquie, a ouvert en juin une procédure légale contre le Refah, qui a été accusé par des .procureurs de "mener le pays vers la guerre civile et de mettre en danger le régime laïc".

L'armée turque, qui se considère comme la gardienne des institutions laïques de la république, a usé de sa grande influence dans le pays pour provoquer en juin la démission de M. Erbakan, ouvrant la voie à la désignation comme Premier ministre du leader conservateur pro-laïc Mesut Yilmaz .

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• L'UKP menace de boycotter la commission de coordination de la force de surveillance 17:31 GMT,10 J uiller 1997

L'organisation accuse M. Kaplan d'avoir lancé "des accusations infondées contre l'UKP, provenant du PDK de Massoud Barzani".

Le secrétaire général de l'UKP a écrit au président de la commission pour lui demander "des excuses officielles", précise le communiqué.

"L'UKP estime que la position de la délégation turque n'est pas impartiale et que cela constitue un obstacle à la participation de représentants de l'UKP à ses réunions à l'avenir", indique le communiqué.

L'UKP ajoure que l'attitude déséquilibrée du gouvernement turc et son soutien à M. Barzani est "un facteur important" dans le retard pour la ratification de l'accord interkurde conclu en octobre dernier à Ankara sous l'égide des Etats-Unis.

hb/mad t ...... , - .

32 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-BaslIl Özeti

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, THURSDAY, JULY 10, 1997 Washington Quietly Tries to Mend Ties With/ran

cern~" the senior official said, adding that It sh9uld do something before momentum takes over on Capitol Hill "or among other quarters that would make it difficult to argue the case for dealing with Iran again any time soon. " A possible source of such evidence is a Saudi dissident being held in the United States: Hani Abdel Rahim :\~..nf.f'Frann'-'~'''''' Sayegh, who may have been a driver Ukrainian-built tanks rolling though the central Iranian town of Doroud. ~nd look?ut in the attack, according to Russia has agreed to rearm Teltran if it leaves former Soviet republics be. Information provided the United States primarily by Saudi officials. Intelligence Minister Ali Fallahian has Mr. Sayegh was deported last month By Robin Wright been linked in a German court to Ira- Los Angeles Times from Canada to Washington and is nian-backed/lots to assassinate dissi- sc~eduled to.appear in court Thursday. WASHINGTON - In its most se- dents abroa . His departure is con- It IS uncertaIn whether he will stick to rious attempt in a decade to engage Iran sidered essential to improved relations. his original agreement with U.S. in- in dialogue, the U.S. government has ,'Iran has proven in recent years that vestigat~rs. in which he would provide quietly signaled through .diplomatic it is capable of changing its behavior in mformatIon about the Saudi attack in channels that it seeks to improve the ways we could deal with it," the official exchange for being allowed to plead volatile relationship between Tehran said. guilty to a lesser charge. and Washington. For example, the official said, Iran . The .l!.S. government first signaled "We would like to end the estrange- "has a working relationship with the ItS deCISIon to push the issue of rap- ment, " a senior White House official Russians despite strong ideological dif- prochement with Iran shortly after Mr. said. "And we are now looking for ways ferences. " Iran and Russia have worked Khatami' s surprise landslide victory to accomplish that goal. " out a deal in which Iran does not meddle May 23, which Mr. Clinton called a The United States wants to take ad- in the Muslim republics of the former "very inte!esting" development and" a vantage of a political shift inside Iran, Soviet Union, while Moscow helps re- reaffIrmatIOn of the democratic process symbolized by a presidential election stock Iran's arsenal, depleted by 40 per- there. " upset in May in which a relative mod- cent in its 1980-88 war with Iraq. Mr. Khweater's visit to Iran last week erate won office, and to do so soon If rclations with the United States was intended to bolster relations be- enough to prevent a potential confron-' improved enough that the administra- tween the Saudi Arabia and £ran, which tation if the Islamic republic is even- tion ended its policy of economic iso- have been tense since Iran's monarchy tually tied to last year's bombing of a lat~on, Iran could, among otber things, was ousted in 1979. Ties were severed military complex in Saudi Arabia that gaIn access to badly needed Western by 1991. killed 19 U.S. Air Force members. technology and equipment for its out- Paradoxically, Saudi Arabia - Mr. Khweater's talks with senior Ira- which made the strongest case about ~ian officials included the current pres- Ident, Hashemi Rafsanjani, and were Iran' s role in the bombing - has been a 'We would like to end the central intermediary in relaying the U.S. followed by the signing of several eco- message to Iran, the official said. A estrangement. And we nomic accords that effectively re-es- senior member of the Saudi Council of tablish trade ties. Ministers, Abdul Aziz Abdallah Kh- are now looking for ways Both Saudi Arabia and Israel two weater, outlined U.S. terms for eventual cou.ntries usually at opposite pol~s on . to accomplish that goal.' regional tensions, have urged Wash- rapprochement during a visit to Tehran ington not to retaliate against Tehran if last week. evidence proves that Iran had a direct The U.S. offICiai declined to elab- dated oil industry. But senior administration officials hand in the attack at Khobar Towers, orate on those terms. Americans familiar with the issue say. U.S. officials are looking to Iran for a fear that before the new.Iranian government has a chance to respond to U.S. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of' major step away from its sponsorship of Israel has made the case personally with international terrorism, the official said. overtures, the Saudi bombing investigation could develop conclusive evi- the administration, they add. As an early signal of Iranian intent, Although Israel considers Iran a ma- Washington will watch President-elect dence pointing to Iranian involvement. Mr. Khatami will need time to con- jor threat to instability in the region, Mohammed Khatami 's cabinet appoint- Israeli officials oppose a U.S. military ments, which are expected before he solidate his hold on power in a faction- riddled political environment before he response at least partly out of fear that takes office Aug. 3. their country could be the target of Ira- The United States is particularly in- can take any bold steps to improve re- nian retaliation. terested in the ministries of intelligence lations with the United States. and interior, the two posts that have "We would love to see Iran take been linked with promoting extremism. action that shows response to our con- 33 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-BaslJ1 Özeti

Pl'BI..lSHED WITH THE !\lEW YORK TlMF.S ASD :rHE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, JULY Il,1997 TheCIAProved No Match for Iraq andIts " . . . that they are not Turkish, nor .K' '. d-' h All- Arab, nor.Persian but distinct ur IS les By Flora Lewis from all around them. The cul- : ture has vigorous roots and a ARIS - Only dIiblèts liave broken out between rival Kurd- overwhelm foes. warrior tradition. Some assim-, Pemerged of the massive ish factions, it became clear that Mr. Randal developed an ob- Hate in' the countries where they fiasco inflicted on the United despiteU.S. support for oppo- session with the hapless Kurds. live- Turkey, Iraq, Iran primar- States, by Iraq's Saddam' Hus- sition to Baghdad and the ",no- At great personal risk and even Hy~ but they do not lose their sein and his now-and-then fly" zone established from a greater discomfort, he managed adaniimt sense of Kui-dishness. Kurdish collaborators last year. base in Turkey, Mr. Saddam tokeep visiting their belea- And yet, fairly geographic- It ranks with spectacular CIA could' still work his will. He guered strongholds over a num- ally concentrated unlike the failures like the Bay of Pigs and withdrew the army under threat ber of years. He is deeply sym- is an example of how far Aiil.er- of aeriaioattack but left his shad- pathetic to their cause of Jews in the millennia of dis- ica is from the capacity for dom- owy network. of agents. community and identity if notto persion; they h~ve never man- ination that friends, and enemies Turkey, which keeps renew- actual statehood; given the aged to form a political union. alike chargé it with çxercising. ing the siX-month agreement for fierce resistance of the various For all the American airpower Thousands of people were in~ use of its Incirlik air base but, countries that holdsovereignty protecting them from Mr. Sad- valved. The' United States did with inct:easing reluctance and ov~r thtlÎr trib~ lands., dam's planes and poison gas, manage to' extricate' most of cost in concessions, undoubtedly. The Kurdsarè:the latgestila~ they are no closer to it today, them and then sent them as far knew about what was brewing; tion in the ethniC sense'that have Massoud Barzani, the Kurd- ~away as possible - to Guam, But the United States was taken. never achieved' a state. They ish leader who made the deal presumably because on th~ iso- by surpris~ aild lost all it had with Mr. Saddam, holds control tried to establish on theground. werepromised one in tQepöst- along the Turkish border and lated, militarized Pacific island W.orld War I distribution of the therefore' monopolizes the their chances ()fspilling the sto- There has been no explàn- ation of why Turkish intelli- Ottoman empire, but the prom- smuggling' trade that became so ry would be reduced. Still, a few ise was not kept. lucrative with the embargo 'Iraqis and at least one former ~ènce did ~ot supply more se.- The book is titled "After against Iraq. His one-time ally CIA official are beginning to nous"'Warnmg and' why thö~e who did warn were not heeded. Such Knowledge, What For- and rival, Jalal Talabani, wanted talk. giveness?" and subtitled "My a cut orthe loot and a share of . This is certainly a case that But. Turkey has its own com- Encounters with Kurdistan." It S th .. needs congressional and more documeritsthe, feuds, the power:.. o ey fought and Mr . plicated web of relations with Saddiün tipped the scales. The vigorous repertorial investiga- Iraqi Kurds. in its attempt to treacheries, the atrocities, the United States held its nose in tion.It shows that for all the suppress the insurrection of ardent ..patriotism of the, Kurds frustration and embarrassment. . pledgesof reform; the CIA still ,Kurds in eastern Turkey and and. UJe endless tragedies they, The United States is still in hasn 't learnedmuch ànd indeed destroytbeir bases iIi Iraq. have suffered from almost blind the' neighborhood, achieving seems inèapàble ofteämin# .A t'ëin:aTJœblenew book by ~edi~ati()n ,to the old strategic. nothing at considerable cost, much about the Middle East. the Washington Postcorrespon- illUSIOnthat' 'the enemy of my and theplayers have lost none From the end of the Gulf War dent Jonathan C. Randal ilhi- enemy is my friend. " . f th . . & • • But it doesn't.do much to ex- . '0 e~rappet1te lor lfitngue and iil 1991, Washingion hasooen minates the jungleofconflict- brutality. There,at~ things su- trying. to. overthrow or arrange . ing 'interestsand ambitions, pl~ the essential. mystery of perpowers~.ap't settle in" this the assassination ofMr. Sad. repeated. ~trayals and collu- therr survival and their. impo- world, __~ut"itëtther Can ,the dam by proxy: When Iraqi, sions in Kurdistai1 that continue tence. They are an old tribal clu~y attetnp~ .be hidden in- forces moved north to take ad~ ; to defeat simplistic American mountain people, and while they defimtèly., '1:hi&'èbapter<>fhow vantage of fightingthat had . attempts to line up friends and are Muslim they always insist it's tried isa nasty one. " @ Flora Lewis Cern meets with French and Armenian counterparts

Ankara • Turkisb DsHy News Arzumanyan stressed his country's concerns about reports that the outlawed Kurdi,stan • Foreign .Minister Ismail Cem met with the Work~' Party (PKK) used 'missiles from French and Armenian foreign ministers dur- Armenia. He said that of course his govern- ingdle NATO summit in Madrid late ment was not involved and that and they were Wednesday . ~~ ~~c;?:~te. He said they condemned ' . French foreign minister, Hubert Vedrine Turkish Daily News: said that they were aware of the strategical Arzumanyan also stated that Annenia importance of Turkey and they were doing wanted to improve its economic ties with their best to improve their relations with Turkey, but Cem told him that Turkey was FRIDA Y, JULY Il, 1997 Turkey. waiting for a resolution to the Armenian- ArmenianForeign Minister AIeksandr ' Azerbaijani conflict.

34 RevIle de Presse-Press Review-BerJzevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prcnsa-Baslll Özeti

TurkisbDaily News Sunday, July 13, 1997 Parliament gives Yllmaz the go ahead Fist fights mar voting when CHP deputy holds up placard insulting Islamist MP Ankara - Turldsh Daily News

• The minority coalition government led by to get hold of Ergül to beat him up and there Prime Minister Mesu' Y1lmaz won a resound- were reports that guns were drawn. Later the ing victory in Parliament when it received a anger subsided and the voting continued. vote of confidence with a comfortable majori- Sevki ylImaz was forced to resign from the ty of 281 against 256.' pro-Islamic Welfare Party (Refah) after public The anti-Ishunist alliance set up between furor. Later the party also decided to expel the Motherland Party (ANAP), the Democratic him for life prevenung ever from returmng to Left {arty (DSP) and the Oemocrat Turkey Refah. However, observers said, Refah deputies showed their support for Sevki when Party (OTP) and supported by a handful of they rallied around him after the Ergul inci- independent deputies and the left-wing , dent Republican People's Party (CHP) was already Parliament Speaker Kalemli punished set for an easy win after several True Path Ergul with a parliamentary warning and sus- Party (DYP) deputies defected from their party pended him from voting. However, later Ergül to back the new government The latest defec- slipped into the hall and was allowed to vote tion came bows before the voting when in favor of the goyernment... Kalemli denied deputy Yaman Tomner, a former head of the Ergi.ll had voted but parliamentary records central bank, resigned from the conservative later proved him wrong. DYP andjoined Ytlmaz's ANAP. After the voté Prime Minister Mesut Seven OYP deputies Osman Berberoglu. Yllmaz, no relative to Sevki Yllmaz, thanked Mustafa Zeydan, Sedat Aloglu, Ufuk the Parliament for its support and said his Söylemez, Dogan Güre~, Hasan KaT'dkaya and government will follow the path of Atatürk, Mahmut Y1lmaz did not attend the votin~ thus the founder of the modem secularist repub- helping the government and further eroding lic. the OYP's party discipline... . Former Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan ANAP' s Cemil Çiçek who had been pun- andhis coalition between the pro.lslamic ished by the party disciplinary board recently Refah and the OYP was forced out of office was another absentee. under intense pressure from the military The voting was marred when a left-wing because the Armed Forces felt the Islamists deputy from the CHP held up a placard read- had failed to heed anny warriings to curb ing "get out, greatest pander' insulting anot1ler Moslem activism. The brass also turned on the secularist OYP for cooperating with Islami~t d~puty who has just entered the hall. Erbakan. DepUtleS,ill the assembly had castjust 30 votes ,Former Prime Minister Erbakan hit the when angry Islamist deputies rushed the podi- govémment as the product of an anti-democ. um and a fist fight broke out "I am calling a ratic plot. Erbakan speaking at a press confer- recess," speaker Mustafa Kalenùi told the MPs ence after the vote said the way the govern- amid shouts of anger. The vote was suspended ment was set up was anti-democratic. "People for 15 minutes before deputies returned to were forced to defect from their parties and their seats. anti-democratic steps were taken during the The fighting began when CHP deputy Sabri formation of the government the president Ergül held up the placard in a reference to (Süleyman Demirel) also took wrong steps. Islamist maverick Sevki y1lmaz who angered This government is abnormal and lacks the deputies with derogatory remarks broadcast on support of the people. It is a minority govern- Turkish television last month. ment with no public backing." During the recess pro- Islamic deputies tried

35 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

Turkish Dai~ News MONDAY,JULY 14,1997 • • 'eVIS ues Ion • • elf anCIen .... ' .:•..; .0 : .,.....)

insiution The principal criticism of the of the Turkish ~epublic. The difficulty of finding footing in :nstitution of Jede/ilc is that the newly established socio- it passes fromfather to political-legal structure proved son. Those who oppose to be a handicap not so easily overcomë. In spite of this. this tradition cite the today's Alevis have b~guri . necessity of establishing renewing the basic institution of a dervish convent. They the dedelik and bringing the 1,OOO-year-oidprofession to a also favor choosing the point where it suits modern Jede from among those necessities. In fact, according to some of the leading Alevis, such who aspire to the renewal is a necessity. position and who hove The principal criticism received permission from toward the institution of edelik is that it passes from father to the convent In the traditional .son. Those who oppose this tra- manner dating from the 14th dition cite the necessity of estab- century period of Haci Bekta,-I Veli lishing a dervish convent. They also favor choosing the dede NESLÏHAN ÖZTÜRK Alevi communities over the cen- from among those who aspire to Istanbul- TDN Guest Writer turies by keeping alive religious the position and who have beliefs and Alevi customs. For a received permission from the time the sect lost respect and convent in the traditional man- )th their itiner- was perceived inferÏor to the ner dating from the 14th century ate wandering, Sunnis, the predominant reli- the dedeJer or giousgroup during the reign of period of Hacl Bekta~-l Veli. Among those who support this elder fathers Ottoman Empire. view are the Alevi descend,ants continue to Conditions for the Alevis function as an integral part of worsened after the establishment of Hacl Bekta~-l Veli. Their

36 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro dL'la Prcllsa-BaslIl Özcti argument has gained strength institution being renewed. Kaleli dent Rlza Yörükoglu initi- and seriousness due to the stressed how respect for the ated the idea of forming a importance attached to Alevi dedelik institution had eroded dergah (dervish convent) bloodline. On the other hand, since the 1980s and said, "it at Hacl Bekta~. Kervan there are those who are opposed would be a mistaketo tiethe magazine, published by to the establishment of such a Alevi organization to the dervish Yörükoglu in Turkey, is dervish convent and seek to give convent. We have decided that implementing the plan for the convent ...- an institution credence to the view that there all dedes to graduate from this under the spiritualleadership of should be a different institution- dergah and attend further the descendants of Hacl Bekta~-l al structure for the dedelik . instruction under the spiritual Veli should not be a model to be They support renovating the leadership of Velayettin Ulusoy. emulated. A structure which institùtion to bring it more into According to Yorukoglu, the could not secure unity within conformity with the necessities Alevi community is a union of itself could not be considered a of modern times. The Alevi faith, a way of life, and a philos- structure which could include Bekta~i Representative ophy as well. This is why, he the dedes in Turkey. It would be Assembly, centered in Germany, says, an Alevi who isn't able to more correct to set up a structure has been motioning for this for renew his knowledge of the which would hold Alevis and some time. Alevi brotherhood in accordance Bekt~is together. That is, to set with modern conditions cannot -A return old times' up a joint dervish convent or to. become the leader of an Alevi "Oede" Veliyettin Ulusoy, sup- establish a joint association. When decisions are taken in the community . posedly a descendant of Hacl Kervan magazine focussed Representative Assembly in Bekt~-l Veli and one of the on the Cem rituals and dergah most influential leaders among Germany, the dedes must form institution as key issues the Alevi community today, is an association in order to follow for among the defenders of the the necessary guidelines. establishment of a dervish con- Oedelik for us means showing exploring the dedelik institution. vent. Ulusoy says, ''There is the way. The dedelik institution According to the magazine, the continual coordination between in Europe has been in operation best place for dedes to question the dedes and those aspiring to for three years. Meetings are themselves are through Cem rit- the position who are bound to held periodically. These meet- uals. But these rituals, which us. We may give them permis- ings have been good and .contin- mostly are being performed as sion." The matter is considered ue to bring the point home that plays, restrict the opportunities upon request and whatever com- unity is necessary. The strife afforded to the dedes. Instead, plaints there are concerning a among the dedes has been elimi- "if the Ale vi community can dede , would be examined by nated by this means." save its roots" says the article, them and decided upon. Kaleli noted that it was "the dedelik institution should However, the community contin- impossible for an uninformed be renewed and be concentrated ues to lead the dedes in terms of dede to make any contribution around dergahs. Oergahs consist cultural development. to a student examining atoms of a consultation council under "We don't have any institu- in a university setting. the post of dede who represents tion for educating the dedes." he According to KaleIi, either 12 ocales, and Alevi continues. "The dedes only pass the dedes should scientifically academics, intellec- knowledge on to those aspiring train themselves with as much tuals and artists" to the position by word of rigor as university students, or and exist to mouth. Actually one has to leave only skilled persons should allow this for instrospection. these questions aside and ask become dedes. Nowadays most of the lead- about the dedelik institution "For this reason the ques- ers and members of the Alevi itself. The Alevi community is tion must be solved by elec- community share these ideas. also asking for this, of course. tions. If the Alevi community They are seriously questioning The institute which Hünkar Hacl thinks anyone is worthy of the Aievilik institution which Bekta~-l Veti began has again becoming a dede, and he is has retained control for the last reached the situation where it not coming from a dede' s 200 years. has become an essential part of direct line, he should be Also, their willingness to the community from the poin\ of required to be elected as renew the dedelik's role in view of unity and togetherness. a dede. Forexample, a respect to changing conditions in However, I have just one thing community with a popu- order to save unity shows the to say about the insufficiency of lation of 30,000 has devotion required of a religious the dedelik institution in our accepted Mehmet Baba sect aiming to cement a days and that is that it' s neces- as dede, even though he place for itself in sary to return to the past." was originally not even today's world. an Alevi," said Kaleli. The source of Dede knowledge. Symbolic Alevi writer Lütfü Kaleli whole- Cem rituals heartedly supports the dedelik Followers of British resi-

37 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stalnpa-Dentro (,tiPe a rellsa- BaSl11 O"zdl.

For example, the Iranian Shiite's HaciBekta,.IYeli (d.669/1271) Anatolian Alevilik p~~yi~grituals differ greatly from the . was fro~ .Khorasan. He migrated Sunm Muslim practice. However, you . to Anatolia and settled intoday's cannot find that difference between . Haclbe~. Little is known about ancl Bekta,ilik Anatolian Alevis and Sunnis. . him. He is the author of the Arabic e~ilik, which is identical to That being so, the Turkish Alevilik .book called "Makalat." the Anatolian A1evilik, is origi- is basically a separate and distinct sect His tarikat or sect only . . n~y a Turkish order developed fro~ both Arabic A1evilik and iranian appeared well after his death and B Shiite. In addition, the rituals of ID Anatolia. The basicphilosophy and its principles do not follow HacI' traditions of this order were much . Anat?lian ~e:vis have been inspired by Be~' s ideas. it has been estab- influenced by Islamic mysticism Turkish traditIOn and culfure throuah- out history. C> lished that he was a Sünni sheikh. (sufism), which has qualities and char- However, Be~iye came to fol- acteristics of the Turkish culture. low the mystic line in which According to some, the source of Batiniye, Hurufiye, Alevilik and Bekta~ilik is a mixture of old Turkish even Christianity and Shamanism religions such as shamanism and were mixed. Islam. It expresses this mixture in sufi The sect was widespread motives and for this reason, is commu- throughout Anatolia and Rumelia nicated in a publicized language. . achieving a wide following within Although the Anatolian Alevis and the janissaries. When the Ottoman Bekta~is historically belong to the '. Empire finally disbanded the Caferi order which appears as a branch . janissaries in 1826, the sect was of Shiite Islam, they'do not know outlawed as well. Even though much about principles of this order. outlawed, it continued under-. The Anatolian Alevis especiallyrefute ground. the cultural and political applications Throughout history, traces of of the Iranian Shiite. its teachings can be uncovered in rural folklore. It is also one of the greatest of influences on Turkish literature.

Alevl women take an active role In Cem ritualS

38 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baslll Özeti

Turkisb Daily News MONDAY,JULY 14,1997 Newly-established migration commission to visits S.east

Migration, as a direct result of 'Kurdish Is.ue' Hasim Hasimi, the chair of the commission, said SAADETORUÇ that the migration was caused by the ongoing Ankara- Turkish Dally News Kurdish conflict in southeastern Anatolia. "Both the state and the Kurdistan Workers' Hasimi: 'Both the state and Party (PKK) evacuated villages in the southeastern provinces .. the PKK evacuated villages These two led to migration towards western in southeastern Anatolia' cities. And there is an additional third reason; some • While the Turkish Parliament engaged in both of the villagers leave their homelands to save verbal and physical sparring during Saturday's their souls. vote of confidence, a newly-established parlia- According to the data of the Office of the mentary commission held its second meeting" to General Staff, based on compilations through investigate one of the biggest social problems 1996, 2,614 villages were evacuated. Among the afflicting Turkey. main countries that the evacuees have gone to The new commission was set up by the are Germany, Sweden, Belgium and Parliament to clarify the reasons for domestic Netherlands. We asked Germany to give the migration and will soon visit southeastern cities, exact data of immigration to that country (from including Hakkari, Van, Diyarbakir and ~Irnak. the Southeast). In Turkey, the Mediterranean cities, Mersin, Southeastern agenda Adana and the big cities, Istanbul, and Ankara Welfare Party's Seyyit Hasim Hasimi, who are the most densely settled with migrants from chairs the commission pointed out that they were the Southeast. going to ask all of the governors of the south- Since there is contradictory data from the eastern cities, including the governor of the Offi~e of the Governor of the Emergency Rule emergency rule region, Necati Bilican, to pro- ReglOn aQdthe General Staff, clarification of the vide the exact figures of migration. causes of migration is our first goal," Hasimi Briefing the Turkish Daily News about the said. commission, Hasimi said that the data prepared Algan HacaloAlu, another member of the by different bodies, such as the Office" of the commission, stated that nearly 400.000 inhabi- General Staff and the Office of the Governor of tants from 3,000 evacuated villages had to the Emergency Rule Region were contradictory. migrate. Additionally, according to Hasimi, .last "Our first task will be to calculate the figures year350.000 migrants came to Diyarbaktr and of migration to western cities of Turkey and to 14 villages of ~lrnak were evacuated. Those Europe from southeastern cities," he said. who left their villages are living in poverty, in It was al&Ostated that one of the chief aims of Kumçatl, a district between ~lrnak-Cizre. the commission was to provide financial aid and to develop better conditions for the migrants. Welfarepath's The members of the commission are getting in polley on Southeast contact with a number of foreign and domestic Asked about the policy of his party relating to bodies to find financial and political support for the Kurdish population, Hasimi confessed that the commission, the TON learned. The commis- no achievements were made during the " sion was established after a proposal by Algan Welfarepath government. "First, Necmettin HacaloAlu of the Republican People' s.Party Erbakan had consultations with army officials (CHP) was submitted to the Parliament request- about the voluntary return of migrants to their ing an investigation of the reasons for migration. villages, which was a common subject in all of Apart from HacaloAlu, who is a deputy from the National Security Council (MGK) meetings. Istanbul, the other eight members of the com- Because we were in government, but not govern- mission are from southeastern cities. ing, nothing could be done regarding that social Hasimi, the head of the commission, was the pain," he commented. mayor of Cizre a town in Diyarbaktr, between 1989-1995.

39 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basl11 Özeti

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, MONDAY, JULY 14, 1997

:National Split Personality / Delllocracy and Torture .Turkey's Troubled Human Rights

must resolve naggmg questions àbout the way it treats prisoners and dissenters, , "Human rights and freedom of expressiOn are Record very important issues for the image of Turke,y, and they condition many ~ople ',s reflex r~ac~on t? questions about Turkey s role m Europe, said MI- By Stephen Kinzer chael Lake, the European Union e~voy in ~ar,a, Ne .....York Times Sen'ice "This reflex is so strong that It outweIghs Im- STANBUL- Every Saturday at noon, as ,they portant)e~ceJ?t~ons of !urkey, :s~~~as its strate~ic ;..iportance, ItS place In the forel~n and ~ec~ty have done for morethan two years, about 100 architecture of Europe, and even ItS growmg Im- . Turksc;onverge on a bustling plaza in central . . Istanbul and quietly sit on the pavement. portance as an ~conomic p~er." , I Hanging over the ~uman .nght~ d~bate ISthe war There 'atè usually no speeches and n~ pla~ards. being waged by KurdIsh nationalists. m southeaste~ The protesters, mostly women, make the~ po~nt.by Turkey. Most charges of human nghts abuses m silently displaying pho~ograp~s of thel! mlssl~g Turkey stem from incidents in that region. As many loved ones, although therr emotiOn some1?TIesbolls as 80 percent of the charges arising in other p~s of over into a chant,like "Mothers' anger will strangle the country, according to several human .nghts the murderers." After half an hour they rise and go advocates are somehow related to that conflICt. .' their separate ways. "Tens ~f thousands of people have been killed "Three men in civilian clothes grabbed my hus- out there," said Sabri Ergul, a member of the ~uman band as he left the house one night in 1995," one of rights committee in ~~l~ament.. ~e remams, of . the protesters Hanini Tosun, 32, said on a recent Turkish soldiers and clVllIans slam m the fightmg Saturday. "They were carrying pistols and w~e- . "have come back to nearly every town and village talkies. We checked the license number of therr car in Turkey," he added. "Naturally people ~e very and found it was registered to the police. That was , angry about this. They develop the f~elm~ ~at almost two years ago. We have tried everything to whatever has to be done to stop terronsm ISJUs- find him, but the police tell us nothing. " tified. " Mrs. Tosun's husband was a streetvendor who . ''Terrorism is the problem of our age, but our a~e had served three years in prison on charges of is also the age of human rights," Mr. Ergul SaId. collaborating with Kurdish guerrillas in southeastern Turkey and had come to Istanbul to start a new . "The great mistake that is ~ UKRAINE # life. He is now a statistic, one of an unknown . made here is the belief that ~. : "-"~'::? number of Turks believed to have disappeared . when you combat terrorism, ~. :"""l,.&riii' while in police custody. ' . you don't have to respect de- , ,.'" '.'" ~ As Mrs. Tosun and the other "Saturday moth- mocracy and law." ers" carried out their weekly protest, people around Mr. Ergul is involved in one .them went about their business. At nearby kiosks, of Turkey's most important torture-related cases. He is a newspapers carried bold headl~es accu~ing .politi- . cians of various abuses. Orgaruzers of nghtist and lawyer for the families of 16 leftist parties huddled in offices, making plans for teenagers who were arrested the coming election campaign. last year for' scrawling leftist "This is in many ways a very free country, so fr~e graffiti on walls and who are that people can go to the polls and change therr , accused of belonging to subversive organizatiol)s in the government whenever ~ey ~~t,' " Ç>rhan.P~~, a prominentyoungnovel~st,saldm~mtervIew .. But western town of Manisa. it is also a country WIth a homble human nghts Although the police have record. Probably there is no country in the world admitted that the teenagers where this contradiction is so sharp and clear." confessed to their crimes under Turkey's human rights record is the subject of torture; they were found guilty' . endless debate, not only here but also in the Western , and sentenced to terms of up to world. Turkish officials say the problem is ex- 12 years in prison. A public prosecutor in Manisa aggerated, but it is .one of the main reasons why the has filed suit against 10 police officers accused ~f .European Union insists on holding Turkey at arm's having carried out the torture, but the govern~ent,ls length and why some Westerners consider Turkey drawing out the case and seems to hope that It wlll to be a difficult partner. . somehow fade away. Many strategists in Washington ~d m Europe~ Itis doing the same in another ~portant case, ~e capitals agree that beca~se of~~key ,sm~mbershIp • investigation of officers charged m the 1996 beatmg in NATO, its geographIcal pOSition, ItShistory and . death of a journalist, Metin Goktepe. its role as a defender of secular democracy m the "The government, especially the Interior Min- Muslim world, Turkey could become even more istry, protects the police who torture," Mr. Er~ul said. "They encourage it. They are the ones tellIng important than it has been. . the police forces to behave this way, so naturally But they also say that before Turkey can become they are not in a position to prosecute officers who a full partner of the West or a desirable model fo.rth,e follpw theirj.ns.tructions.". new nations of the Caucasus anlÏ Central ASIa, It

40 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la FreJ/sa-Basin Özeti

UMAN RIGHTS advocates say that be- which terrorism has been a principal weapon. sides torture in detention centers and the , At a !l~ws conference in London last year, For- "mystery killings" of perceived Kurdish elg~ Mmlster Tansu <;iller said that Turkey "has nationalists, the other principal human- decided to take a senes of measures in order to rightsHproblem in Turkey is the ban on statements totally eliminate in practice the crime of torture deemed to threaten national unity. Laws that forbid which as a matter of fact is forbidden by our laws. ,; these statements 'are applied most often against Afte~ she spoke, Parliament passed a law cutting the those who question government policy in the Kurd- maximum time defendants may be held incom- ish region, municado to 10 days from 30. It is generally considered criminal to suggest that . Perhaps, the most illuminating human rights case the army shares responsibility for the carnage there, In Turkey IS the complex scandal that emerged after to advocate peace talks or to assert that the gov- a spectacular car crash near the western town of ernment should treat the Kurds as a distinct ethnic Sus~luk in November that killed a top police group that deserves autonomy. offiCial and an es~aped heroin smuggler. A pro- These laws are often used in cases that devastate government Kurdish clan leader, who is also a Turkey's image. Last year, for example, one of the member of Parliament, survived. country' s most beloved cultural figures, the novelist , Questions about what the three men were doing Yasar Kemal, was sentenced to a 20-month prison ~na car together led to accusations of government term for making pro-Kurdish mvolveme~t in smuggling, death squads, illegal statements that were inter- repre~sJOn m the southeast and other crimes. preted as separatist propa- , But a parliamentary investigation of the scandal ganda. fizzled out after senior military and civilian leaders Mr. Kemal's sentence was sig~aled that th~y,~ould not cooperate. Many Turks suspended, as often happens in belIeve responsibIlIty for the crimes reaches so high such cases. Nonetheless, hu- that a full investigation is impossible. man-rights advocates say that ''l'~ glad we had Susurluk," said Taciser Belge, more than 70 journalists and coordmator of the Istanbul-based human rights writers are injail for statements group Helsinki Citizens Assembly. they have made, ",Now when ,:"e speak about these things, people Turkish officials concede realIze that we re not making up stories. Since that torture is sometimes used Susurluk, people understand that when things like in detention centers, but they ~ystery killings happen, the army and the state are insist that it is not systematic mvolved. This is very new in Turkey." and not approved by the authorities. They also assert that laws against separatist propaganda must be judged in the context of a civil conflict in

The weekly gathering of 'Saturday mothers' in central Istanbul is a sign of hoto Turkey's human rights abuses contrast with the nation's democratic traditions. Every Saturday women and some men assemble with photos of missing loved ones.

41 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Turkey gets some MEDA funds Turkish Daily News ELIF SEMÎHA KÜFLÜ Ministry of Education for the modern- Ankara- Turkish Dally News ization of vocational training; the fourth program is a network between businessinnQvatioil. centers; ~d the MONDAY,JULY 14,1997 • The European Union will give Turkey some of the long-awaited fifth'is'an ItitëmatiönalUnion of Local MEDA funds which were put on Authorities project for decentralization hold last year, due to a decision made cooperation in local capacity and insti- by a member of the European tutional building. Parliament as a result of Turkey's Turkey slammed the European human rights report. . Parliament decision to put the funds The portion originally predicted to designed to strengthen free trade , be granted to Turkey was about 375 between the EU and its the million ecu of the total MEDA funds, Mediterranean neighbors on hold for designed in 1997 for the bloc's human riJd1tspurposes, and con- . Mediterranean neighbors. The funds demned the freezmg of the funds, say- were put on hold partially because of ing it was a double standard on EU' s Turkey's human rights Situation, its part. Diplomatic circles in Ankara . democratization, and its Southeastern said the sum that will soon be released conflict, and partially due to a Greek to Turkey had been approved long veto which was later .lifted by Athens. before the MEDA fuIlds were put on The MEDA funds, worth 33.1 mil- hold, and was due to arrive anyway. lion ecu (approximately $40 million), Ankara was angered by the freezing of will be used for five different projects. the funds earlier last year. , The EU officials said that the funds Turkey's funds, however, are also a will be transferred as soon as the victim of the EU' s domestic budget paperwork, currently at the Treasury, problems, and the talks concerning the between the donor and the receiving funds have not concluded with favor- parties is c~mpleted. able results for Turkey, Brussels- EU officials, however, who trying based sources told the TON. The to finance other projects, noted that . funds for Turkey have to go through other small and medium-scale pro- an inspection council, comprising grams will follow eventually. The first European Commission and Parliament project is the longstanding Jean Monet members, who look into all projects scholarship for Turkish IX>stgraduate and judge using the criterion of human students; the second is a Ministry of rights. Turkey will be able toreceive Agriculture project for the upgrading MEDA funds via municipalities, uni- a.nd openi~g of fO

Turkey.and the Press Turkey has the shameful distinction . of irilprisoning' more journalists thàn any country in the world. The New York-based Committee to Protect Jour- cu, .a protninent Writer and foimer This is more than Iipress issue. For . nalists has compiled a list of 78 re- newspaper editor who has served 3 nearly a decade Turkey has relied porters, writers and editors now in jail, years of a15-year sentence. Mr. Yurt- primarily on force to counter Kurdish and tl1eTurkish Press Council reckons cu'soffense was to .publish ,articles terrorists, without opening a parallel the total may be twice as high. Now that about the Turkish Army's scorched- political track for a huge,aggrieved a new government has assumoo power, earth campaign against Kurdish insur- ethnic minority. Press freedom is it has a timely opportunity to open gents in southeastern Turkey. ., among the casualties of a failed those prison doors,. Doing so would "Mr. Yurtcu's plight, along with strategy, imposed by the military, lessen a stain on Turkey's reputation scores of other cases, will be taken up which Mr. Yilmaz cannotchange and enhance the democratic credentials this summer by a visiting delegation of overnight. Yet it is within his power to of Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz' s sec- jou~alists, among the~TerryAnder- release jailed journalists and decrim- ularist center-right coalition. son and Peter Arnett, at the request of inalize free speech, an essential pre- Most of the journalists in prison are " Turkish press organizations.By re- condition for an end to Turkey's do- charged with disseminating "separat- sponding favorably" Mr. Yilmaz mestic turmôil. Turkey' s friends hope ist propaganda" or with being mem- WQuidsignal a halt toTurkey's descent he will not let this moment pass. bers of proscribed pro-Kurdish polit-, into repression. He would begin to , - THE NEW YORK TIMES. ical groups. In fact, under Turkey' s answer critics, especially in the Euro- pean Union; of Turkey's dismal human . broad anti-terrorism law, journalism INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, itself is criminalized and reporters face rights record, and would set a different . prison for doing their job. An em- example from his immediate sec:ular blematic case is that of Ocak Isik Yurt- and Islamic predecessors. MONDAY, JULY 14, 1997

42 ~ n:. C:! ;:.: n:. $::l.. n:. '"0 ~ " CIl n:.CIl The comedy of feeling sorry for jailed journalists I '"0 ~ CIl CIl ~ As long as the ultraconservative Many leading personalities in Turkey, as well i? n:. as those who run the country, agree with all this ~.C:! mentality that freedom of expression is ~ and thus help maintain the curbs and restrictions c::::s- 8 which have resulted in the jailing of these jour- I a major threat to the Turkish state does tt:l not change we will continue feeling nalists ... Thus, we have a conservative establish- ~ n:. ment that stalls legislation to introduce democra- ~ ~ n:. sorry for imprisoned press people ... tic reforms which will bring us on a par with C:! Western democracies. o ~mal What is sad is that some prominent journalists ~ also belong to this conservative establishment f 'Q ele~ation of international journalists is which opposes a true democratic system. You ~ visitmg Turkey and has alread met with n:., only have to look into the back issues of mass I high-level state officials to call attention ilnur Çevik }J circulation dailies to realize how they and their ~ o the fact that our country has one of the ~ ~. columnists are steered by the state ... This is only c worst track records in the world regarding its CIl to be expected when the major media groups > ....-. treatment of press people... . :< $:I have received soft loans; subsidies and incen- What is sad is that everyone who meets these c: (J) tivesfrom the state. .... prominent foreign journalists laments the fact !< $:I that Turkey has jailed press people and com- Some of our colleagues in the press agree ~ ~ Whenever you raise this issue you are con- with the official state position that some press ~ ments on how sorry they feel about this... Even ~ $:I fronted with a long story about the terrorism people now in jail are actually "terrorists" and, I President Süleyman Demirel told these visitors threat in Turkey and thus the need to impose tJ how "deeply sorry" he is for jailed press people. .thus, should never see the light of day. n:. restrictions. ;::1 Most of the leading Turkish officials who met So the international Committee to Protect .... Today there are taboo subjects in Turkey ""l the visitors have been in influential positions that Journalists has to realize that as long as the ultra- o which can put you in jail. One is Atatürk; the would have allowed them to do something about conservative mentality that freedom of expres- $::l.. other two are the Kurdish issue and religion. sion is a major threat to the Turkish state does n:. freedom of expression in Turkey and, of course, ""- about jailed journalists. Yet, none of them could The state fears that if people are allowed to not change, and the so-called intellectuals of $:I admit this to our visitors ... express their views, the Kurdish separatists will Turkey stop supporting repression, they may '"0 have a major say in convincing the masses to set launch several new trips to Turkey but will not ""l Today Turkish state officials are stage acting. ....~ They have done nothing substantial to promote up a separate Kurdish state. There is also the fear achieve much ... (J", $:I press freedom and, beyond that, freedom of that the Islamists may get the masses to set up an They will see some minor changes in the laws I tt:l eXl?ression. That is why many journalists and Islamic state and thus do away with secularism that will allow limited pardon for somejailed $:I wnters have landed in jail and are serving and the system set up by Kemal Atatürk, the journalists, but the bulk will remain behind (J", lengthy prison sentences ... founder of modem Turkey. bars ... -;::1 0: - -.N....n:. ~ w " Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Dienstag, 15. Juli 1997 • die tageszeitung

Soli-Netzwerk für Kurdinnen gegründet • Kurdische Aktivistinnen und, Frauenforscherinnen kooperiere~ Berlin (taz) - Die Mutter ver- stand nur Kùrdisch, und diese Sprache warim türkischen Ge- fängnis verboten, Mühsam lernte sie den einzigen türkischen Satz, mit dem sie ihren Jimgen dann ein halbes Jahr lang stereotyp anspre- chen mußte: "Wie geht es dir, mein Sohn?" Unter solch subtiler Psychofol- ter leiden Kurdinnen, Es sei 'na- hezu unmöglich, die Situation in den türkischen Gefängnissen zu beschreiben, erklärte eine Teilneh- merin einer Veranstaltung zur kurdischen Frauenforschung am Wo- chenende in Berlin. Bei dem Tref- fen gründeten Wissenschaftlerin- nen und Aktivistinnen ein internationales Netzwerk. Für die For- scherinnen und die politisch àkti- ven Kurdinnen, so zeigte die be-, gleitende'Tagung an der Freien Universität Berlin (FU), ist die Aui;gangslage denkbar schlecht. Weltweit steht die Kurdologie ganz am Anfang, wissenschaftliche Literatur oder gar universitäre Frauensolidarität aus dem fernen Berlin: Bewohnerin der Region Kurdistan im Irak Foto: Birgit Betzelt Stellen sind rar gesät - wie etwa die Gastprofessur von Martin van Bruinessen am ethnologischen In- stitut der FU. Den Aktivistinnen in ,fen", sagte die Berliner Turkologin Repressionen drohen", erläuterte den kurdischen Gebieten drohen Heidi Wedel, eine der lnitiatorin- sie die besonderen Sch\\~erigkei- Repressionen von verschiedenen nen des Netzwerks mit dem Titel: ten der Forschungsarbeit. ljm zu- Seiten. Um ihre Rechte als Frauen, mindest eine symbolische Schutz- betonten einige Teilnehmetinnen, "Kurdish women's studies and acti- wirkung zu erreichen, solle im sei es momentan so schlecht be- vism", Frauenforschung und politi- ,,Netzwerk auch darüber nachge- steilt wie nie. "Über Feminismus in sches Aktivsein sollen nach dem dacht werden, so Wedel weiter, der jetzigen Situation des Krieges , Willen der Konferenz verbunden werden, ' eine Folgekonferenz vor Ort zu or- in Kurdistan auch nur zu sprechen, ganisieren, ist eine Phantasie", erklärte Fatma Angedacht ist ein Treffen mit in Irma LeisIe von Hînbûn, einem Kayhan aus Istanbul. Frauenientren arbeitenden Kur- Mit ihren Beiträgen vermittel- dinnen. Die sollen ihre Erwartun- Beratungszentrum lind Treffpunkt für kurdische Frauen in Berlin, ten im Exil lebende Kurdinnen- gen an die Wissenschaftsseite äu- regte beispielsweise eine Studie während der Tagung eine Ahnung ßern, J]mgekehrt erhoffen sich dazu an, was es für junge Frauen von der Gewalt, : die ,kurdische Forscherinnen neue Kontakte zu hier und in anderen Ländern wie Frauen 'täglich erfahren. Hatice , Kurdinnen. Studien in den kurdi- , der Türkei, Syrien oder dem Iran Ya~ar, die ,heute in Wien lebt, be- schen Gebieten selbst" bestätigte richtete von der selbst erlittenen Heidi Wedel, seien problematisch. heißt, "sich kurdisch zu nennen odernicht". Monika Honner Folter im türkischen Gefängnis. "Auch wenn die Wissenschaftle- "Es ist sthwierig, sich nicht von den rinnen selbst nicht gefährdet sind, Gefühlen überwältigen zu lassen, so müssen sie doch damit rtchnen, die solche Erfahrungen hervorru- ' daß ihren Gesprächspartnerinnen

44 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevolaz Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Struggling to save colleagues behind bars in Turkey 'Far more journalists are in jail in Turkey than in any other country in the world, including China, Burma and Libya. That's not acceptable for a democratic country,' veteran journalist Terry Anderson says

AIPARSLAN ESMER A1Jbra- Turkish Dally News

• A delegation representing international press institutions arrived in Turkey on the weekendto raise awareness of freedom of the press issues and to primarily me~t with ~overnment leaders to secure the release of Imprisoned journalists. The delegation appears to be impressed with the response of the newly formed conservative-led government. Terry Anderson, the leader of the delegation said, "When we came here, we expected to work with the Turkish Press Council to try to convince the goyernment, and what we found was that the ~overnment was already convinced," sllld Anderson, a former foreign correspondent of the Associated Press, who had been held hostage for seven years by the Shiite Muslim militia in Lebanon. "Den of Lions," is Anderson's best-selling account of this experience. . Anderson now is the vice chairman of the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), a New York-based institution. Other organizations represented by the delegation are the InternatIonal Press Institute and Paris- based Reporters Without Borders. "Everybody we met with - the presi- Terry Anderson dent, the foreIgn minister, the justice minister, the two deputy prime ministers, and to be journalists, for writing their opinion." now the prime minister - has welcomed A primary objective of the delegation is us, agreed with us, and they have even to secure, among others, the immediate made very concrete specific promises to release of I~lk Yurtçu, editor-in-chief of the change things," Anderson 5111d,emphasiz- now defunct pro-Kurdish daily'~'Özgür ing the point that although it was a small Gündem", who is serving a 16-year jail step by the Turkish leaders, it was the fust sentence in the northwestern province of atleast. Tekirda~. He said Prime Minister Mesut Ytlmaz "The 'Turkish Press Council asked us to had promised work on the anti-terrorism come to support them in their demands. Far law and the penallaws in order to provide more journalists are jn jail in Turkey than the release of imprisoned journalists, writ- in any other country in the world, including ers and publishers. The CPJ has compiled a China, Burma and Libya," the veteran jour- list of 78 reporters, writers and editors cur- nalist said. He said he was aware of the rently in Turkish prisons, though the reports of beatings and murders of journal- Turkish Press Council suggests that the fig- ists. ure could be twice that. Anderson said that "That's not acceptable in a democratic he believed Ytlmaz's government would try country, even with the excuse of terrorism its best to ensure that more journalists are and separatism, it's still not acceptable," he not arrested "for doing their job, for trying adde9.

45 Revue de Presse-Press l{eview-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

.Strong and direct' PM institutions and laws due to the lack of suf- Assessing the newly appointed prime min- ficient accumulation of experience in fight- ister, Mesut Yllmaz, Anderson said he was ing against terrorism," Yllmaz said. very "strong and direct" in his promises for improvements to freedom of expression. He .Promises, not deeds' said he was outlining the "concrete steps" In spite of Anderson' s optimism, he said . he was going to take, and promised to meet the statements made by government leaders. with the interior minister "assoon as possi- were 'still just promises' and time would ble" to ask him to forward instructions to tell if these promises would be kept. He the security forces to "stop beating journal~ said people could be skeptical of statements ists." Prime Minister Ylimaz, who had recent- and promises made before by the other ly received the delegation in Ankara, said governments, but adds: "My sense after he actually told its members that his newly meeting with all these people over the past formed minority government would give two days is that they mean it. They're real- priority to the freedom of press issues, . ly going to try. despite the fact that it faced constitutional The prime minister said, directly to us, and legal difficulties. . that he is willing to see his government fall . He promised to present a proposal to over this question;" . Parliament next week on the legal regula- .Anderson said that they would closely tions pertaining to the "published writings monitor whether promises would be kept or of the responsible editors which constituted not. He said the institutions would stay in crime." He said he would work hard on the touch with the Turkish Press Council on a release of journalists in prison who were regular basis. But, he also said, he was considered to have committed criminal acts already convinced that the government with their writing. would try its best and YIlmaz appeared But he added that there was a constitu- very determined about that. He said he was . tional barrier on that 'matter and the govern- also assured that the minority government ment would try to solve this problem within would be backed by the parties and a "reasonable time." , deputies that were not part of the coalition .. Speaking on the subject of I~Ik Yurtçu's release, ytlmaz said President Süleyman .No guarantees' Demirel would use his own powers to that Anderson said that they wanted to secure end when the necessary <,locumentscould the release of as many journalists as possi- be arranged... . ble. "I'm talking about a lot. I'm not talk- Assessing the ongoing case of the mur- ing about six. But that's an immediate step. dered journalist, Metin Göktepe in which It' s not sufficient. The prime minister . the suspected police officers who allege,dly knows that, and he said that. There needed had beaten him to death refused to appear to be other things done to get the rest of in court, YIlmaz said that situation was them out," he added, referring to the posi- intolerable, and accused the former admin- ' tive developments to have Yurtçu and sev- istration of failing to fulfill its obligations eral others freed. "All of these things, of to assist the judiciary. He said his govern- course depend on him (Ylimaz) staying in ment would also work to cooperate with the power. ' , judiciary. . . If the government falls, what can you Yllmaz also pledged to work for the reg-. do? Look, there is no guarantee here. We ulation of the press law which took its lat- . did not come and get an absolute guarantee est shape in 1992. He said the law was ' after two days. All we could do was, with already out of date, and would have the law the Turkish Press Council, push them as debated in Parliament. hard as we could, and they responded, in Addressing the most sensitive issue, the very positive terms. Now, we have to see beating of journalists, YIlmaz said he what happens," . would soon instruct Interior Minister Murat The dele~ation of foreign press institu- Ba~esgio~lu to issue a decree for the securi- tions will Visit 1~lkYurt~u in prison on ty personnel to treat journalists "well" in Wednesday to present him with the CPJ's order for press members to carry out their Press Freedom Award he won last year. "public duty" without hindrance. ' After leaving the meeting with the prime "The government is aware that Turkey minister, Anderson talked w,ith Yurtçu ove:( does not have a reputation in the interna- the telephone to offer him encouragement , tional arena of which it can be proud, as far and to report on the delegation's support as press freedom is concerned. We will try and the positivedevelopments thatwill to repair the damag~inflicted by the state's pave the way for his release.

46 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhez'oka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basl1l Özeti

Turkisb Daily News THURSDAY.JULY 17.1997 Army to boost fleet with 10cargo choppers The current plan envisages the modification, including the addition of night-vision systems, of 10 CH-53 cargo helicopters, to be made either in Israel or in Turkey, with the assistance of an Israeli firm

METEHAN DEMIR Ankara- Turkish Dally News

• Turkey is planning to buy ten . Sikorsky-made CH-53 cargo heh- copters under the U.S. Surplus Arms Program, in an effort to boost the capability of its special forces, while the country is still evaluating proposals for another bid to procure four large transport choppers for its land forces. The current plan envisages the modification, including the addition of night-vision systems, of ten cargo helicopters - updating them according to Turkey's.spec~fications -:- to be carried out either 10 Israel or 10 Turkey, with th~ assistanc~ of Israe.li Under the U.S. Surplus Arms Program. 10 cargo helicopters would be provided from among Aircraft Industnes (lAI), high-ranking helicopters that are still being used by the American special forces. military sources told the TON. c.urement deal worth $120 to $150 mil- heavy-lifting-capab~e'helicopters in its Negotiations have been going on for hon. . . inventory. There are also other plans to months, and during Deputy Chief of Among the technIcal and tactIcal spec- modernize the unit's three Black Hawk General Staff Gen. Çevik Bir's recent ifications of CH-53 helicopters are: helicopters. By means of these initiatives, visits to Washington and Israel, th~ c.oun- crash~?rthy fuel tan~s, air refuelling Turkey h,opes to overcome some of its tries involved have agreed on prehmmary capabilIty, three engmes, 315 kmlhour difficulties. plans for ten cargo hel.icopters and th~i~ !llaxim~m speed,.33,880 p?unds operat- Turkeyalso needs the heavy-load heli- modification by Israeh experts, the mIli- 109 weight, carrymg capacity for be~ween copters to transport brigade-sized units tary sources sal~.. . 3~ and 55 passengers, and 500 nautIcal along with logistical support to respond Since the begmnIng of thiS year, Gen. mIles maximum range. on short notice. The Turkish Land Forces Bir has reportedly been insisting on buy- The f!nal choice for the cargo heli- have long been emphasizing the urgent ing such helicopters from the United ~opters IS,to be made from t~ree compet- need for such helicopters, asking that States sources stated. Turkey is among 109 firms pr<><:'ucts- the .Slkorsky CH- they be used in operations in the the fir~t three of countries which buy 53 ~uper StallIon, the ~oem~ CH-47 Southeast, especially for crossing moun- American surplus arms, according to an Chmoo~, and th.eRus~lan MI-26 Halo. tainous border arcas to dcr.loy troops and earlier defense report. Turkey ISplan~mg to mcrease the n.um- units in northern Iraq, whIle working ber of such helicopters to 20, spendmg a against the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' TAI and Israel total of more than $500 million over the Party (PKK). Turkish Aerosp'~ce Industrie~ (TAI) and long term. Sources say that after the Earlier former Prime Minister the Turkish rrnlItary electrOnICSfirm, direct procurem~nt of the ten Sikors~~- Necmetti~ Erbakan held up Turkey's pre- Aselsan, would play key rol.es in ~~key m~de CH-53 hel.lcopters, the competlt~on vious plan to purchase four Boeing CH- with the assistance of Israeh technICians, Will be more aC,tIvea!ll0ng the compeh- 47 cargo helicopters from the U.S.-based if the modifications are to be performed tors for ~urkey s busmess. Boeing, saying that the country should in Turkey. The Sikorsky Black ~awks and, open a new round of bidding for the Under the U.S. Surplus Arms Eurocopter Cougars, which the T~rkish direct procurement of such helicopters. Program, ten cargo helico.pters would be .Arm,y cUl!e!ltly uses, are both deSigned The e8!"lierschef!1eenvisaged buyin~ provided from amonghehcopters that. are for light hftmg and personnel transport cargo helIcopters directly from abroad 10 still being used by the Amencan speCial and cannot handle heavy loads of a noncompetitive way, by asking the rel- forces. artillery, jeeps and fuel. evant parties from the foreign firm In another request for tenders, Turkey The T~rklsh Armed For.ces' special Boeing to submit proposals. accepted bids in March on a contract for forces umt has been suffenng from the four cargo helicopters, in a direct pro- lack of well-equipped and

47 RePlie de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Turkish Daily News THURSDAY.JULY 17,1997 ";,Intellectuals at ..odds

with the state optimism. I watched his smile, framed in a white, black, yellow and brown- coloured beard. He began speaking, Çall~lar:. ,reflecting on the similarly hot July days of the previous year, the time of the "È,ber was the hunger strike ... . Referring to those days as "one of the l~ading.figure in . hIsto~ical turning points" of the country, he ~aId t~,at the power of civilians in bringing about socIety was only then understood. It was the first time that the ability of intellec- the ending of the. tuals to solve social conflicts was proven, Yagmurdereli said. He contin- hunger strike . ued, "Turkev decided on early elections in 1995. The main goal was to bring an ..ln,pnsons"..' end to the political crisis in the country. Without taking a serious stand against 'the war' that had lasted for 13 years, however, it was impossible to prevent the crisis in the country ... The decisions of the then-~overnments were not democratic in theIr approach, but were intended to terrorize the public with the con- uesday turned out to be "a tinuation of the Kurdish conflict. There day from hell" with the are some circles within the state that news of the unexpected . want the conflict in the Southeast to death of a young journal- continue, especially the ones who profit ist, Murat Koç of Anatolia from the war and take a considerable news agency. This time share from drug trafficking via Turkey. the "traffic monster" chose As $25 billion worth of drugs are traded one of our colleagues, via Turkey, reportedly 25 percent is !~aving .many unanswered .questions, taken by some individuals connected to "O'raI .Çall~lar: • Why dId thIS happen to hIm?" or "Why the state. So it is easy to say that these ,is it such a common fate to end one's circles will not readily give up that ','T#rlley'sgiant of . life so tragically, so needlessly on our amount of a money. roads?" "Why did he die so young?" .... The go.verninent that was established literàture, Ytqar These "whys" multiplied as I walked after the December 1995 election, was towards the garden of the Mülkiyeliler keen on the idea of a militaryapproach Birligi, the place where I was to inter- for the Kurdish conflict. Kemal, was saying view E~ber Yagmurdereli, a leading The appointment of former police human rights fi~ure ... chief Mehmet Agar, which we under- that he did not want Yagmurdereh, whofirst became well- stood better especially after the Susurluk known through his efforts to end the accident, as mmister of justice without a to stay in a Turkey, prisoners' hunger strike in 1996, is now law background, confirmed the poSition awaiting the yet-to-be-determined time of that government. where E,ber is of his arrest and imprisonment. Yagmur- Those were the first days after my dereli was sentenced to 23 years impris- release from prison. The bloody results imprisoned. And onment because of a speech he made at of May Day demonstrations and prison a meetin~ of the Human Rights incidents terrorized society. Turkey, as probably he will AssociatIOn (IHD), which is to celebrate th~ country having the most political its II th anniversary Thursday. prisoners, was to experience more tragic talk with PM Mesut The bearded, blind, elderly man sat in events. Theday we went to Bayrampa~a front of me, smoking a cigarette that prison was also the time when the Yllmaz about that' appeared likely to fall from his lips, National Security Council (MGK) decid- talking about politics, buman rights and ed to end the strikes by force. If we had

48 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

not taken action, hundreds of prisoners solutions, the government must find rad- would have died. Prosecutors and politi- ical solutions to bring about freedom of cians then asked us to act as mediator. expression, which is the basic of human Ya~ar Kemal, the symbol of Turkish rights," he says. literature, Zülfü Livaneli, composer, This last remark appears to be similar Oral Çah~lar, Cumhuriyet Oaily's to Akm Birdal's recent proposal: "As we columnist and I started to mediate for a did during the hunger strike, we can act bloodless ending to the hunger strike. as a mediator for seeking a solution to And it was the first that the intellectuals the Kurdish issue. The state does not were active in seekin~ a solution to have to sit with the PKK for negotia- Turkey's problems ...' tions. But free discussion of the problem Oral Çah~lar, Cumhuriyet columnist, will bring the solution." talking about those days to the Turkish Birdal, speaking to the TON about the Oaily News pointed out that E~ber 11th anniversary of the tHO, had also Ya~murdereli, was'the leading figure in proposed to act as a mediator between bringing about the ending of the hunger the state and Kurdish circles in seeking strike ... Çah~lar describes the rest of the to resolve the conflict. story: "E~ber had the key role, then. It "It is necessary to find the solution to was a Friday when we met with Ya~ar the Kurdish conflict, which has caused Kemal and Zülfü Livaneli, arriving from lU percent migratIOn trom eastern City a meeting with Ferzan Çitici, Istanbul's Tunceli, and the evacuation of 2759 vil- prosecutor. lages," Birdal says. "The tHO will sure- There was a fear among us because of ly pay attention to that issue, which is at the possibility of an attack against the the same time a problem not only for prisoners. Turkey, but for the world. Weare ready Ya~ar Kemal made the statement that to act as mediators, just as we did to Turkey could not get over the shame of save the imprisoned soldiers from the an attack upon the prisoners. By phone, PKK," Birdal continued. Welfare's Istanbul deputy, Bahri Last year, a mission of.activists trav- Zengin, acting with specIal authority eled to PKK camps in northern Iraq, to from the prime minister, Necmettin . save a group of imprisoned Turkish sol- Erbakan, we were given an undertaking diers. They faced harsh criticisms that there would be no interference from because they sat under the PKK flag in a the prison. Then we ~ccelerated our cave, a command post of PKK. The efforts. At that moment, I called E~ber, tHO, which is currently actively work- to his cellular phone while he was on the ing to support Ya~murdereli, is celebrat- ferry between Kadlköy and Karaköy ... ing its 11th anniversary. Birdal says that He got into the Bayrampa~a prison to act they will continue to defend human as a mediator, and succeeded. We, rights. together with Ercan Karaka~, Halil At a time when the Motherleft gov- Ergün and Orhan Pamuk, acted after ernment is making positive statements E~ber talked with the prisoners." with regard to human rights, the often- Çah~lar, disturbed by the forthcoming criticised Human Rights Association ~~prisonment of Ydmurdereli, says that (tHO) reaches its eleventh year. IllS a shame for Turley to put Ya~mur- The organization which was on hon- dereli, a man who always promotes eymoon until 1992, began to be the tar- peace, in prison. According to Çab~lar, get of security officials and was accused Ya~ar Kemal is very much at odds with of "being the tool of terrorist organiza- the state. "Ya~ar Kemal, nowadays is tions". The year 1992 was the year, saying that he will not stay in a Turkey, when the IHO took a stand for a democ- where E~ber is imprisoned. He said that ratic solution to the Kurdish problem he would say that to Prime Minister Birdal says. ' Mesut Yllmaz," Çab~lar said. The tHO was established just after the Sept. 12, 1980 coup d'etat, to defend the Still hopeful rights of oppressed people. Birdal Now, returning to 0':lr two-hour talk defines their aim .as "to improve rights, with Ya~murdereli ... He is still opti- to protect rights". The abolition of the mistic about the new government. "If law that prevented intellectuals from the Turkish people have not reacted to practicing their professions, the 1402nd the 33 percent increase in oil prices yet, article of the Constitution, was one of it means that it is just an 0ren cheque their greatest successes, Birdal said. for the new cabinet. But, i I have to go into the prison from where I~lk Ocak Yurtçu is released, it is not good for Turkey. Instead of finding short-term

49 Rßvue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

:;,:,:,:,:,:~~~';,~~~~~~""::..'" .:;.:;.....:.:..:.:....::.::...... ~....:;.:;...... :;.:;.....::.::.....::.::.....::...... :.:.;,:...::.::.....::.::.....:;.:;...... :;.:;.....:.::.:...... ::.::...... :;.:;.....:;.:;...... :.:.;,:...;::.:..,.... ::.::.....:;.:;...... :.:.;,:...::.::...... ;::.:..,... :;.:;...... :.::.:.....:.::.:.....;::.:..,.... :..:;"...:;.:;...... :.:.;,:....;::.:..,... ;::.:..,.. :;.:;.: : ~ : ~ tue,) ~j • Les Etats-Unis démentent que Mme Ciller ait travaillé pour

: ~ : ~ laCIA ~; : ~ 09:52 :~ GMT,17 ~~._...... _._:_._._._._:..:.._._._--.;.._._._._:_._._._._._._._._.-:-._._._._._._._._.-:-._._._._~_._._._._._._._._.-:..:._._._._._._._._.~:-._._._._._._._._._._. __._._._~_._.-'-'-'-'-'-'-:-'-'-'-'-:-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-'-' --'-'-. Juillet

1997 ~::::::: .,:1:"..•• ANKARA, 17 juil (AFP) - L'ambassade des Etats-Unis à Ankara a • : démenti jeudi que l'ancien ministre des Affaires étrangères turc Tansu I @AFP . Ciller ait été un agent de la CIA, contrairement à des accusations dont 1997. ~j eile fait l'objet. : ~ : ~ :', :; "Toute suggestion d'une relation clandestine entre le gouvernement : ~ : ~ : ~ américain et Mme Ciller est complètement fausse", a déclaré Margarete .: : . : ~ : Schmidt, porte-parole du service d'information des Etats-Unis (USIS) à :.~ : ~ Ankara. ~~ .' :. ~; Le parquet militaire turc a lancé mercredi une enquête contre Mme 1! Ciller sur des faits "d'espionnage pour la CIA" américaine, selon des ~!informations de la presse turque qui n'ont pas été démenties par

I:: I.:. ~;:':::~ête permetdedécouvrirdesélémentsà charge,uneprocédure : judiciaire débouchant sur un procès sera entamée .

1'.1.• L'enquête du parquet militaire fait suite à des accusations lancées le ~. l mois dernier par le leader du Parti travailliste turc (gauche), Dogù

1::::::::.1:::,,::: ..•. Perincek, qui avait affirmé avoir en sa possession des documents, prouvant que Mme Ciller, qui fut Premier ministre de 1993 à 1996, avait travaillé pour la centrale de renseignements américaine.

1:::::::.1::,:::.: ••... Mme Ciller, chef du Parti de la juste Voie (DYP, droite, opposition), est en butte à l'hostilité de l'armée pour s'être alliée de juin 1996 à juin 1997 avec les islamistes du Parti de la Prospérité (Refah), permettant à leur leader Necmettin Erbakan d'accéder au poste de Premier ministre.

La coalition Refah-DYP, qui a démissionné le 18 juin, avait provoqué une forte tension avec l'armée qui accusait les islamistes de favoriser

I 'i.::;::~~:ep~~~;~f:n:ame:tal::e.lS1a:lque. et.qUi.obtenuleur .

50 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Bcrhevoka Çapil-Rivista Stl1mpa-Del1tro de la Prcllsa-Basl11 Özcti ...:=[~~:~l:~~:~:n~~u';;~~~o~tp~m;~-~~~:p-e~t~~~~;~ss~z~ie-;e~;------::

GMT, 17 __ :.:..-.:...:..:..~n:-.:..:..:.:..:-. __.. _' :.:.._-.:..:....:~:..~_.'_"~..:"_:"'__;':"__ .._.~_ __ _~ _ _ ..,.. __ _ _ _, Juillet 1997 WASHINGTON, 17 juil (AFP) - Les dirigeants kurdes rivaux du nord de l'Irak ont assuré les Etats-Unis qu'ils respecteraient un cessez-le-feu intervenu en octobre malgré de récents heurts, a affirmé jeudi le département d'Etat.

Les responsables officiels américains ont été en contact avec Massoud Barzani du Parti Démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK) et Jalal Talabani de l'Union Patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK), a indiqué le porte-parole du département d'Etat Nicholas Burns.

"Les deux dirigeants, MM. Barzani et Talabani, nous ont assuré qu'ils souhaitent continuer à appliquer le cessez-le-feu établi en octobre", a déclaré M. Burns.

Le Parti Démocratique du Kurdistan a accusé mercredi son rival dans le nord du l'Irak, l'Union Patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK), d'avoir tué deux de ses combattants dans une attaque contre ses positions.

Le PDK de Massoud Barzani avait accusé lundi son rival d'avoir attaqué, de concert avec les séparatistes kurdes de Turquie, une de ses positions, faisant cinq blessés.

"Les deux parties nous ont fait part de leur préoccupation face à certains de ces incidents", a déclaré M. Bu'ms. "Mais elles se disent toutes deux prêtes à rester en contact l'une avec l'autre pour trouver des moyens de les résoudre et c'est ce qu'il convient de faire", a-t-il conclu.

cml-uh/et/mb eaf

...... -...... - - - - -.-.- -.-.".- - . Free Turkey's Press It is an irony and an embarrassment censored, harassed and beaten. Article that even as NATO imposes high 312 of the penal code permits reporting demo.cratic standards on new mem- and commentary on other than \be gov- bers, It has given an errant old member, emment line to be punished as "in- Turkey, a bye. On the litmus issue of citement to racial hatred ... imprisoning journalists for what they The Kurdish problem is as tough as wnt~, for instance, Tu~key is thetrec- any ethnic conflict anywhere. No one ogmzed world champIon. The Com- has a good solution in the inflamed ~ittee to Protect Jo~alists, an ~er- circumstanc~s in w~ich it is unfoiding Ican defense group, counted 78 Jailed now, What IS CertaIn, however is that Turkish journalists at the beginning of the problem must be address~ in a the year. All the more satisfying, then, context in which the Turkish people are that the group has now elicited from fully and fairly informed about the op- th~ new Turk1s~ government of Me,sut tions before them. This is the prospect y Ilmaz a commltme!1tto do somethJng now opened up by the Yilmaz gov- abo~t a recor~ that, if a current ~A TO e~onent. It Speaks for a minority co- apphcant, had It, ~ouldexclu~e It from alibon and faces parliamentary resis- the West s pre~er democratlc .club. ~ce to its, new free-press com- \he tro~bl~ lies, o~ co~, m ~- nu~nts. But It also has the opportunity k~y s~onbnumgco~ctw~thaK~h to bring Turlc:ey~e appreciation rather nunonty that has lts pacific assimil- than the opprobnum of the democratic ationist element but its armed ~t West. Up to this point, the army has element as well. An official policy giv- plainly been calling most of the shots on ~ ,a long leash to an ass~ve Turkish polio/ toward the Kurds. The army is nub~ has ~ot only faded to curb manifestly tm!it for this role and plays it Kurdish terrons~ ~ut has also cost past P!X'fly.Openmg up the press is no glib governments polibcal support. Jouma- CIvicstextbook prescripbon. It is a prac- lists who write about Kurdish nation- tical way for Turkey to build support for alism from an independent perspective a consehsus approach. have been at ris~ ofbein.e:locked up and - THE WASHINGTON POST

51 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê~Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIßUNE, THURSDAY, JULY 17, 1997 .U.S.Arms Sales in Gulf Risk Being Erodedby China and Others

By John Lancaster Washillgtoll PO.fISal'ÎC/' were impressed by high-tech American and U.S. forces, according to diplomatic weapons and grateful for U.S. leadership sources. KUWAIT -.:-. After U.S.-led forces during the crisis. ••For sure, those who will use the new drove Iraqi troops from Kuwait in 1991, American officialsalso have' been artillery pieces, would like to seeAmer- . this çoiintry and other Gulf allies showed succ~sful in persuading Gulf allie~ to their gratitude byspending billions of. buy weapons, compatible with those that. ican technology, but we find we have to dollars on American weapons. But U.S. would be usedby American troops in the please other friends," Deputy Foreign arms merchants.no longer can taketheir event of another conflict in the region. Minister' Suleiman Shaheen of Kuwait . wealthy customers for granted: Kuwait . The partnership has been a profitable . said in an interview here this week. . is considering the purchase of long- one for 'the United States, the largest "China,is a power to be reckoned with, . range howitzers fro~ China. . weapons exporter in the world. Since so it is in our interest to have a re- . Kuwait.'s potential purchase of 72 1990, the six nations of the Gulf Co- lationship with them." Chinese-made self-propelled howitzers operation Council - Saudi Arabia An official at the office of the Chinese instead of what are widely considered t6 Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain,the United Arab defense attaché office in Washington, be superior American, British and South who would not give his name, refused to African versions has raised eyebrows Emirates and Oman ,- have signed con- comment on the proposed howitzer sale. among U.S. defense contractors' and tracts for $36 billion worth of American But he said: "In Chinese policy, we will prompted a personal a~peill to Kuwaiti arms - 32percent of the $110.8 billion not impose any political conditions on leaders from Vice President Al Gore. . in U.S. ~s exports over the sameperi- any country. We want to have normal. Kuwaiti officials assert publicly that od, accordmg to an analysis of Defense trade relations with everyone. " they have not made a final decision and Department figures by the Washington- News of the proposed purchase set off will do so only after each model has been. based Arms Control Association. alarm bells in Washington. thoroughly evaluated on the basis ofcost But as memoriesof the GulfWar fade In April, according to Defense News, and performance. In private, however,. U.S. defense contractors have begun t~ Mr. Gore wrote a letter tothe leadership face growing competition from abroad in Kuwait, saying: "I would like to they say they may end up buying the especially in the realmof such less so~ reiterate my strongest support on behalf Chmese weapons for reasons that have .phisticated weapons as howitzers and of United Defense L.P., a U.S. company nothing to 'do with range, price or ac- armored vehicles; as Arab allies diver- which has .proposedefend it against any tml1tary ,vehicles from Russia, tanks invasion'from Iraq. . '. ' . from the form.er Yugoslavia and patrol U.S. Army warrant officers who re- , boats from France. . , . ,, . cently e.xainined the Chinese howitzer in The Gulf War, however, gave the' Kuwait said they found f~ultYwelds and .u~ted States'a competitive edge. Ara~ antiquated radio equipment that would nations in the U.S.-led coalition that, not peimit communication with Amer- ~ove Iraqi invasion forces from Kuwait ican~mag, MIA2 tanks used by Kuwaiti

52 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

...... ,_ ...... ••••.•••.••••.•••••••••••••••..•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••..•...• , •.••••.••••.••••.••••.••••. 'I • Le PDK accuse de nouveau l'UPK de l'avoir attaqué

08:24 GMT,18 ANKARA, 18 juil (AFP) - Le Parti Démocratique du Kurdistan (PDK, de Massoud Juillet Barzani) a affirmé vendredi avoir repoussé la veille une attaque conjointe de son 1997 rival dans le nord de l'Irak, l'Union Patriotique du Kurdistan (UPK, de Jalal :: Talabani), et des rebelles kurdes de Turquie (PKK), et avoir capturé à cette occasion :: un responsable de l'UPK. i :

"Le 17 juillet, une force conjointe UPK-PKK comprenant environ 150 hommes a attaqué le bureau du PDK dans le village de Semaylan, dans la vallée de Roost", indique un communiqué du PDK, reçu par l'AFP à Ankara.

"Nos forces ont repoussé l'attaque, faisant un mort et six blessés de leur côté. L'un des blessés, Kadir Waso Kadir, alias Hajar 'Sharoosh, membre du comité d'organisation de l'UPK à Sangasar, a été capturé. Le d~recteur du bureau du PDK dans la vallée de Roost a été également blessé dans l'attaque", poursuit le texte.

La vallée de Roost se trouve au nord-est de Rawanduz, non loin de la frontière IranIenne.

"Bien que l'UPK ait publiquement démenti sa participation à ces attaques contre le PDK, la capture d'un de ses peshmergas illustre la coopération étroite et la coordination entre l'UPK et le PKK dans leur offensive militaire contre le PDK", conclut le communiqué.

Le PDK avait déjà accusé l'UPK d'avoir rompu le cessez-le-feu à deux reprises depuis le début de la semaine.

Il l'avait notamment accusé d'avoir attaqué ses positions, conjointement avec le PKK, dan~ la nuit de mardi à mercredi, tuant deux de ses hommes et en blessant 14.

"Il Y a eu environ 25 attaques de ce genre depuis six semaines", a déclaré à l'AFP Safeen.Dizai, porte-parole du PDK à Ankara selon lequel "Il semble que cela devienne régulier. Même si elles étaient menées principalement par le PKK, elles venaient du territoire de l'UPK. Les accords d'Ankara (consécutifs au cessez-le-feu) stipulent que le territoire de chaque camp ne doit pas être utilisé pour des attaques contre l'autre camp", a ajouté le porte-parole.

La représentation de l'UPK à Ankara n'était pas joignable vendredi matin.

HCjamc t.

53 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Ankara - TurIdsb Dally News Judicial vise tightens • Trying to survive strong political tides ever since she left the government, True Path Party (DYP) leader Tansu on nyp leader Çiller Çiller is trapped in a legal vise which is tighteninß around her. The former premier While Tansu Çlller is accused of being an agent of and her husband face the American Central mounting charges ranging Intelligenç~ Agency (CIA), her from being a CIA agent husband. Ozer Çiller, is accused of taking part in a to establishing a gang . "Mafia style" gang involved in crime and murder as well as in providing shelter to criminals at the controversial farm house at Ku~adasl. While Çiller has declared that she \yould not be frightened at such accusa- .Turkish Daily News . tIons, the fact that the charges are being examined by a military court demon., st~à~es'the dangers the formerpriine' FRIDAY,JULY 18.1997 mtß1ster and foreign minister is facing. . ':1 have nothing to say about the 10dlctment prepared by Dogu Perincek. But shame on anyone who takes this cI~im in .hand and does not reject it," Çtller Said. ' Over the past year, Workers' Party (IP) leader Dogu Perinçek has been DYP leader Tansu Çiller charging that Tamm çit1er was an agent . of (he CIA. In a recent letter he sent to parliamentarians, inéluding DYP deputies, Perinçek renewed his claim ~ccordin.g to claims made by that, since 1967, Tansu Çiller was term of 15 years .for,those who pass on Penncek, Çtller returned Turkey in vital state information to other states, working for the CIA. ' 1974 and started to earn $100,000 a In his letter, Perinçek charged that defining it as political or military espi- year for reporting on anti-American onage. the CIA did not recruit Tansu Çiller, but developments inthe Turkish Armed rather, the former prime minister herself .. Besides TansuÇiller, her husband Forces to the CIA station chief in Ozer Çiller is also facing some serious applied to become an American intelli- Ankara. gence agent. He said such applications charges. Republican People's Party were described by the CIA as "walk- !he Worke~' Party leader further d~puty Fikri Saglar applied to the court ins." . claImed that Çtller became an American I~st week and d~manded an investi ga- A~cording to Perincek:s letter, Çiller citizen on July I, 1979, and that the ~!onbe opened 1Otoalleged links of obtamed a permanent reSIdence permit number on her acceptance document for. Ozer Çiller to a "Mafia style" crime in Hartford, Connecticut on Aug. 10, citizenship was Ph 195 000 318. gang, his role in the murder of some 1970, and her green card number was A The second spying charge was made key underground gambling barons; and 1493325 N 95, while her social securi- ~y two f~rmer. CIA agents in their nota- charges that he provided murderers with ty number was 043-50-0720. nzed testlmoOles and memoirs. shelter at the controversial farm house Perincek asserted that between 1970 After news that a "mole" had been 'at Ku~adasl. and 1971, Çiller underwent training at planted i~ the Navy command to gather Saglar charged that Özer Çiller had a the CIA's Camp Peary in Virginia, IOformatton on the anti-Islamist "West telephone conversation with Sami before she was recruited as "personnel- Work Group",the charges concerning Hostan, the criminal believed to be the on-call" on the Near East and North Çiller became important for the,army as killer of gambling baron, Omer Lutfu Africa desk of th~ U.S. State' well. , TopaI. The CHP deputY claimed that Department. The Turkishgeneral staff decided ~~erewere strong suspicions that it was According to Perinçek, Çiller trav- th.isweek to initiate an investigatio'n on Ozer Çiller who encouraged the crimi- elled in 1973 to q,by~ a.8:8 ,Qi.~q1~rof Çtller over the claims that she has been nals to murder TopaI. '. the U.S. State De{>artment, and applied. working for the CIA. .. In connection with this investigation, for U.S. citizenshIp on her return to the If military prosecutors find Çiller Ozer Çiller went to the Office of the U.S. on April 23, 1973. The IP chair- guilty of espionage, she will be tried in Ankara Prosecutor last week and testi- man also said that Çiller had been active the supreme court under Article 133 of fied. on behalf of the CIA in the former the Turkish penal code. The article Soviet Union. referred to stipulate.s ll':'mkùmumprison

54 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prcnsa-Baszn Özeti

Turkish Daily News

FRIDAY,JULY 18.1997

IHD celebrates its eleventh anniversary with demonstration Ankara. Turkish Daily News Caddesi. the !HO office in Tunalihilmi Other organizations represent- Street, distributing the !HO • The Human Rights ed included the People's monthly bulletin to pedestrians Association (!HO) celebrated its Democracy Party, trade unions, and onlookers. eleventh anniversary in Ankara and Yavuz Önen from the The crowd had also visited the with a street demonstration Turkish Human Rights stand opened in memory of where most of its founders were Foundation (TIHV). Also a Metin Göktepe, a journalist who present. German MP, Amke Drekert- died, reportedly, as a res\Jlt of a Aydm Erdogan from the Scheuer was present. E~ber police beating. Göldepe' stand Contemporary Jurists Ya~murdereli. the human rights was covered in photos and arti- Organization (CHD) addressed a activist who is expected to be cles that had been published in crowd of approximately 400 imprisoned soon, was also one of various papers about him. The activists that gathered at the the faces at the celebrations. police followed the activists "human rights statue" in Yüksel The crowd marched toward without any interference.

55 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Hussein urges Turkey to change its ways and had started to develop good neighborly Turks remedy their problems with the Hussein at the national day of relations. He said that since the early sev- . Arabs and Iraq with a spirit of sincere desire to build up firm ties of cooperation. his country: 'Turkish authorities enties Iraq has taken the initiative in this are complaining from the thorns respect, specifically on the economic side Pangalos and Cern have reportedly and for that they endured much criticism agreed on six points: bleeding [sie] their hands; thorns and discontent from Arabs. planted and nurtured by their own He said that Turkey and Iraq completed ' 1) A mutual commitment to peace, secu- doing and those of the Americans many projects together prior to the Gulf rity and the continuing development of War and they had signed a border security good neighborly relations; and Zionists' agreement. "When the U.S. aggression against Iraq 2) Respect for each other's sovereignty; began, Turkish policy at certain known lev- Ankara - Turkish Daily News , eis in the state hierarchy regrettably was 3) Respect for the principles of intema- aware of some of its provisions. But since tionallaw and international agreements; • Iraqi leader Saddam H.ussein dev.ot~d we are keen to,endorse aspects of harmony most of his speech marking the occaSIOn of and peace, and not those of disunity and 4) Respect for each other's legitimate, the 29th anmvers~ of Iraq's national day malice, ;is out own religion Islam calls for vital interests and concerns in the Aegean, on Thursday to critIcizing Turkey. in relations between Muslims and their which are of great importance for their According to the full text of the speech neighbors we assumed for this irresponsi- security and national sovereignty; supplied by the Iraqi news agency ble, unjustified stance a special interpreta- President Hussein said that northern Iraq tion, notwithstanding the pain we feIt, an 5) Commitment' to refrain from unilater- was secure and peaceful towards ~e interpretation that placed the Turkish alacts on the basisofml1tual respect and region, towards itself and tO":ll!ds ItS stance within the general mood which pre- willingness to avoid conflicts arising from neighbors but Turkish authontIes allowed vailed at the time when many norms of misunderstanding; and subversive Kurdish elements the freedom international and neighborly relations were to cross the Turkish-Iraqi border over the shaken and upset," Hussein said. 6) Commitment to settle disputes by past years. peacéful means based on mutual consent President Hussein said that Turkey has He said to solve this problem was easy; and without use of force or threat of force. not been encouraging the return of the it was created by the Americans and ' legitimate Iraqi autho~ty to the north of Zionists and would be ended "through the Iraq to ensure Turkey s own s~cunty acr?ss national efforts of the keen people of Iraq." the border. Instead, "The Turkish authon- "First by cutting off the feedmg source ties appear to be fascin~t~d ~ythe Wes.t'.s that keeps this abnormal state in the north ploy, providing and faclhtatIng ~e pohtlcal and that is the departure of forces which objectives of the armies of Amenca, come under the pretext of 'providing com- Britain and France in imposing the infa- fort' for the Kurds ... Second by coordinat- mous no-fly zone at the 36th parallel," ing among the neighboring states with the Hussein saldo objective of achieving border security," the Turkish Daily News He accused Turkey of providing bases president of Iraq said. and services to help the armies of thos~ He said that they believed that there was countries "in their task to keep the regIOn a conspiracy against Turkey and against .fRIDAY,JULY 18, 1997 beyond the control of the Iraqi state." Arabs with the aim to push Turkish policy ''Turkey also facilitat~. ~e,~s~ion ~f " into colliding with Arabs and Arab national Western intelligence activItIes ID hne WIth" security in order to isolate Turkey and U.S. wishes and direction and paved the weaken it then turning Turkey more and way for Israeli spies to roam the arC?anear more against Arabs and against itself. "This and right across its borders. Andthis at a as well as Turkey's new policy in building time when Turkish authorities are com- u~ ties of military cooperation with the plaining from the thorns bleeding [sie] their ZIOnists, some of which include aerial hands, thorns planted and nurtured by their, activities near Iraq and Syria, cause appre- own doing and those of the Americans and, hension and suspicion and may led to hos- Zionists," he said. tility if the wise do not take heed," he said. When he was talking about Iraqi-Turkey Hussein also urged Turkey to rectify its , relations he said that both parties had been ' stands. He said that in all that they did not careful not to cause any harm to each other harbor any plans other than the wish that

56 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

AJJbnI • 7'urIdsh Dally Ne'f1f5 • An Istanbul court on Thursday sentenced the husband of imprisoned ethnic Kurdish former Mehdi Zana deputy Leyla Zana to prison for spreading "separatist propa$anda." The senu-officlal Anatolia News Agency (AA) said Istanbul state security court sen- sentenced tenced Mehdi Zana to 10 months in prison and an 83 million lira ($ 540) fine for a book of poetry he had written. The charge is one often used to try pro-Kurdish or human rights activists. Zana's publisher, An~nur Zarakolu, was given a fine of 42 million lira ($270). Leyla Zana is one of four ethnic Kurdish ex- Turkish Daily News MPs who are currently serving a IS-year sentence for links with the outlawed separatist SATIJRDAY,JULY 19,1991 Kurdistan Workers Party. In 1995 the European parliament awarded Leyla Zana the Sakharov peace prize for freedom of thought. Mehdi Zana accepted the award on his wife's behalf in Strasbourg. Prime Minister Mesut Yllmaz pledged,last week that he would ask Parliament soon to ease Turkey's strict freedom of expression laws, often criticised by Ankara's Western allies.

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."'foP.- • Retour en Irak de 220 réfugiés kurdes irakiens ~j t :.

08:51 1,1._._._ ..:;..;.._._._._.;..;.._ ..:_.;..;.._ ..:;..;..;.._._.;:;:;:;.._.;..;..;..;.._.;.-:.:;..:.:;..;..;.._._._.;.-:.:;. ..:_.;.::.:;.._._.;.::.:;.._._';,';:;,'_'_';:;,'_'_'.:;.';.';,'_'':_';,'_'_'_'_';,';,'_'_';:;:;,'_'_''':;'';''_'_';'';'';.._._ ...:;.._._ ...:;..;..;.._._:.1 GMT,19 TEHERAN, 19 juil (AFP) - Quelque 220 kurdes irakiens qui s'étaient réfugiés en :I Juillet Iran ont regagné samedi le Kurdistan d'Irak sous la supervision du Haut :~ 1997 I commissariat de l'ONU aux réfugiés (HeR), a rapporté l'agence officielle IRNA. i~ ~~ Les réfugiés sont rentrés en Irak depuis la frontière iranienne de Haj-Omran, dans la région de Piranchahr, dans le nord-ouest de l'Iran, a ajouté IRNA. il ~ f : ; Il Y a dix jours, M. Ahmad Hosseini, directeur du département des étrangers au ministère iranien de l'Intérieur, avait demandé à "tous les réfugiés kurdes de ;! rentrer chez eux". ~~

~ E Selon lui, "1,3 million de réfugiés afghans, 490.000 Irakiens et 30.000 ~~ ressortissants de différents pays d'Asie" vivent actuellement en Iran. :: '. Les kurdes d'Irak s'étaient réfugiés en Iran après la guerre du Golfe en 1991 puis ,.~~ en septembre 1996 pour fuir les combats entre factions rivales kurdes dans le ~~ I nord de l'Irak. :1 ~: kd/tp :i ._"_"_"__"_'_'_'__'.'_'.'_''_'_'~__':...':..'_'_';.:;.::..'_'_';.::,,':...'_'_':..':..';,,:':~':..';.;;.::....;..;..;..;..;,..;..;..;..;..;..:...:..;..;.,.:.::...;..;..:.::.::...;..;,,;::;,::.";,.';,.';.';,.':...;....;...;..:...;,...;.,.;,..;.....;,.';,.';,.':':.'.',;.'.';.,'.";,.";.'.':..':':.'.'.';".'.":::...":.::..".'.'.';,.';.'.';.';.'.';,.'.,.,;,.,;".,.,..iJ

57 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basl11 Özeti The Welfare dilemma tuition and pocket money, opening up new Refah is one of the 'questions' schools for poor but talented youngsters. directed at the system. Therefore, The ro~ about imam-hatip (preacher) closing down the party will not schools rests exactly at this point. The dispossessed social strata send their kids to and cannot solve the system"s these schools, not because they are reli- crisis which has created problems gious but because all the expenses of students are covered by generous funds, the of equal magnitude such as the sources of which are diverse. Thanks to 'Eastern (Kurdish) question' "secular" politicians, the graduates of ~inio~mese supposedly professional high schools have also been granted entry into the gen- he Welfare Party (Refah) has eral university system. fmally come to realize that there In synopsis, Refah supporters seem to are realities other than their own. Dogu have two difficulties with the system that TFor the Welfare hardliners this they criticize as being alien, unjust and must be a breakthrough, living as they immoral. The'frrst two attributions were in a world of virtual reality which Ergil emanate from the feeling of being left out. was hardly virtuous. The third attribution is born out of the fear They had excelled in promoting their of losing their grip on their women and image of tolerance and their own victim- . children in urban settings which would ization but they' showed no tolerance to an underlying feeling in all Islamic "others" and were no different from "oth- rhetoric. It refers to both public and indi- further decrease their superiority over ers" in victimizing those with cultural or vidual conduct. Why? these dependent "creatures." intellectual differences. Although OIlly Refah and allother Islamist followers The perceived injustice and alienation verbally, party leaders mentioned the use bitterly criticize the system/administration to the system is not altogether unaccounted of force as a means of imposing their way who have left them "outside." Remaining for. The republican elite always looked of life on the majority on more than one outside means left uneducated, poor, upon thetraditional social strata with sco~ occasion. uprooted (due to rnigrati?n or th~ threat of and disdain as if their backwardness, tradi- Yet closure bythe Constitutional Court it) and devoid of professiOnal skills (thus tionalism and obscurantism were of their is not a proper way of dealing with the jobless). The psychological outcome of own doing. The modem republican elite political problems attributed to this or any these disadvàntages is hopelessness allocated the lowest social status to the tra- party. Refah is a creature of crisis - it (expressed as mysticism) and "a lac~ of ditional strata which had Islamic symbol- will survive, albeit under different names, status." This last feeling is so corrOSive ism and value references an integral part of as long as the economic, political and cul- that the traditionalists or Islamists feel that life. tural crises continue. The combined effect the republican syste~ has ~trayed them. Now "traditionalists," who are generally of these crises surface in the social psyche, That is why they attnbute allen character- but wrongly called Islamists, are contest- as deprivation, anomy (instability due to istics to it. Its Westernism is interpreted as ing the system. They are much better orga- the arbitrary use or lack of rules) and infidelism. Its modernism is portrayed as nized. They have economic funds to carry injustice. decadence. out a stretched-out fight. They have their If not solved within a reasonable time, The result of women modernizing and ' intellectuals. This is indeed a novelty the legitimacy of the system and adminis- joining the work force in a male dominat- because the modem republic has never tration start being questioned. That is what ed society; is that men severely suffer s~- ,accepted an "Islamist" as an intellectual. has happened in the case of Turkey. Refah tus ambiguity or low statusthrough havmg Moreover, they feel that they have the is one of the "questions" directed at the to enter into competition with the women : moral superiority over the secularists; the system. Therefore, closing down the p..art'i whom they had previously kep~ under ~on- latter failed to keep the promises given to will not and cannot solve the system s cn:- trol in a lower, dependent poSition. This the nation at the onset in return for the sis which has created problems of equal poses a great threat to men' s psyche and privilege to run the country, and now they magnitude like the "Eastern (KurdisQ) social standing which is why they (lower are immersed in corruption as is the sys- questio~." " class men) want to keeptheir women tem. Having said all this, it is easy to , Being a child of crisis has also caused, either behind closed doors or covered up. deduce that Refah will survive, probably problems for Refah itself. While it wants Women's liberation further reinforces their under other names because none of the to be a pärt of the "system" by practicing (men's) perceived status deprivation. They societal problems that gave birth to this "normal" politics, it acts in contrary so as feel they are simply not counted or party have been addressed. Let's wait and not to lose some (fundamentalist and anti. respected by the system. see. system) supporters. It is with this feeling that they have cre- Who are these staunch supporters that ated an alternative social solidarity net- back up Refah come rain or shine? They work along "tarikat" (religious orde~) are basically recent urban dwellers from lines. They have created an econOInlC Turkish Daily News the past few decades who have not yet infrastructure by bringing together at frrst ,shed their rural/traditional values and are small amounts of money which have later disturbèd by the lifestyle they m?st face in turned into large volumes of investment MONDAY,JULY2I,I997 'the cities. Not only do they find it hard to capital. Some of the profits started to cope with the c~mplex demands of ~~ fimmce an Islamic-styled education and a life, they feel it is munoral. Immorality is support network composed of hostels,

58 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

." ,--.------.t------•••• " ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .....--- ...o------•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ------...- ...------..-- ...... ---- ....Ä I.La Turquie veut réviser son accord d'union douanière avec l'VE -- , i ;.1f. •••• _ "'-- ••------., 0'-" ••••••••.•.••••.•.•••.•••-- -•••• -••••• -•••••.•.•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••_ 13:32 GMT,21 ! i Dans notre dernier envoi Turquie-UE daté d'Ankara, merci bien lire au 4ème Juillet ,i para que le déficit commercial de la Turquie avec l'UE est en milliards de dollars 1997 i ,i et non en millions comme écrit par erreur. i ! REVOICIL'ENSEMBLEDE LA DEPECHE CORRIGEE: i i ! I ANKARA, 21 juil (AFP) - La Turquie, irritée par son exclusion des plans I I d'élargissement de l'Union européenne, va réviser son accord d'union i, i douanière avec l'UE, a annoncé le vice-Premier ministre Bulent Ecevit, selon la ! i presse turque de lundi. ,i i I "Nous allons réviser cet accord en conseil des ministres et prendre une décision ,I appropriée", a déclaré M. Ecevit à un groupe de journalistes dimanche soir alors ,i ,i qu'il rentrait d'une visite dans la partie nord (turque) de Chypre, selon la presse. ! i "Les milieux d'affaires turcs expriment eux aussi leur malaise à propos de cet I accord", a dit M. Ecevit, cité par le quotidien Hurriyet.

! Le ministre des Affaires étrangères Ismail Cern, qui accompagnait M. Ecevit, a : déclaré pour sa part: "Notre déficit commercial avec rUE était de 5 milliards (bien :I milliards) de dollars en 1995. Après l'entrée en vigueur de l'union douanière en i 1996, il a grimpé à 11 milliards de dollars cette année-là". ,i i "Nous allons demander à rUE de corriger certaines des provisions de notre ,I I partenariat que nous considérons comme mauvaises", a ajouté M. Cern. ,i I I i M. Ecevit, qui est également connu pour ses positions dures sur la question de I i Chypre, s'était opposé à l'accord d'union douanière avec l'UE quand l'ancien i, Premier ministre Tansu Ciller l'avait conclu en 1995. ,i I Aux termes de cet accord entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 1996, la Turquie et les ! pays de rUE ont levé leurs barrières commerciales dans presque tous les ,I I, domaines, à l'exception des produits agricoles. i ,i i Mais la Turquie se plaint de ce que rUE n'ait pas débloqué une aide financière de I ,I plus de trois milliards de dollars prévue par l'accord et destinée à compenser les i pertes pour l'industrie turque occasionnées par l'accord, en raison du veto de sa i I voisine et rivale la Grèce. 1 ,i i La Turquie est le seul pays non membre de l'UE à avoir un accord d'union I douanière avec elle. 1, i ,i La Commission européenne a annoncé la semaine dernière qu'elle entamerait ,i début 1998 des négociations d'adhésion avec cinq pays d'Europe de l'Est plus I ! Chypre. d'd 'l' 'd l'UE f' La Turquie, qui est également can 1 ate a entree ans , ne Igure pas sur cette liste.

"Nous avions cru que l'union douanière serait un pas vers l'adhésion pleine et entière de la Turquie à l'UE mais cela ne s'est pas produit", a déclaré M. Cern.

MM. Ecevit et Cern n'ont pas indiqué si la Turquie avait la possibilité d'annuler unilatéralement l'accord.

59 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

:: En annonçant les grandes lignes de sa politique vendredi dernier, M. Cern avait .: laissé deviner une réduction de l'intérêt d'Ankara pour une adhésion totale à :l l'UE, déclarant que la Turquie chercherait de nouvelles coopérations dans :1 d'autres régions du monde. ii "La Turquie n'est pas condamnée à un processus d'attente (pour entrer dans l'UE) dont la durée et le résultat ne sont pas certains", avait-il dit, ajoutant: "Que l'autre côté (l'UE) réfléchisse un peu à ce qu'il perdra sans le dynamisme de la il Turquie". j ~

M. Cern avait indiqué que son gouvernement chercherait en particulier à il développer ses relations économiques avec de grands pays comme la Rus~ie, j ~ l'Inde et la Chine. 'I La décision de la Commission européenne a également amené la Turquie à il durcir sa position sur la question de Chypre, dix jours après les premiers j ~ pourparlers intercommunautaires depuis trois ans afin de trouver une solution ~~ pacifique au problème de l'île divisée. ii Dimanche à Nicosie, M. Ecevit a annoncé un plan visant à "intégrer" graduellement à la Turquie le nord de Chypre, qu'elle occupe depuis 23 ans, ~~ parallèlement aux préparatifs éventuels de la partie chypriote-grecque de joindre !~ rUE.

La République turque de Chypre du Nord (RTCN), reconnue uniquement par Ankara, a signé dimanche un accord en ce sens avec la Turquie. l'

M. Ecevit visitait la RTNC pour marquer le 23ème anniversaire de l'intervention I:. !:.' de l'armée turque dans le nord de l'île en 1974, suite à un coup d'Etat nationaliste

I:.', à ~i.cosie qui .visaId'tà ra,ttacher .l'île à la ~rèce. 'M. Ecevit, à l'époque Premier !:.' ~.::. mInIstre, avaIt or onne cette mterventIon.

I :.:,1: I ~~-<~~.~.~~..~~ : ' i i

Turkish Daily News MONDAY.1ULY2I,I997 Çiller rebuffs'CIA agent' accusations

A OYP statement lashed out at the accusations Chairman Dolu Perinçek of having been paid by the of ANAP deputy Namoglu who claimed that Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the General Staff. launched a pl'Qbeagainst her last week. Çiller was protected by the US govenlment. . . . Th~ sta~emen~à~Used variou~ media organizations of It.said NamoAlu was not assigned by vl~lating Its pnnclples and taking revenge against Çlller. '. ' . Parliament to file suits in the US courts The DYP statement was actually targeting a newspaper's Sunday edition for reporting an accusation made by ADkara • Turkisb Daily News a Motherland P~ (ANAP) deputy who.filed two different suits against Çlller in the United States to clarify her •. True'Path Party (DYP) leader Tansu Çiller on Sunday U.S. citizenship and herassets in that country. When the U.S. court refused his appeals, he claimed that çilJer was n:iacted to the accu~ations thatshe was once allegedly , k'protècted" by Washingtbn. :'. . hiredby U.S.lntelllgence to work against her country. A statement made by the DYP said, it was unreasonable and . 'The statement said diat ANAP Deputy Yusuf NamoAlu illogical to attempt to diminish the stature of a political . was notassigned by Parliament to file these suits. It added that the newspaper story did notinclude the earlier leader who once served as the country's prime minister reports that the U.S. StateDepartment's spokesperson with treacherous campaigns that only served to promote down-played the alle~ations as "ridiculous," and the personal interests. . German police's demal that Çillerprotected drug-smug- ÇiUer was initially accused by Workers' Party glers.

60 Revue de Presse-Prcs~ Review- Berhc"uoka Çap(~-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

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A country that could be the mee6ng place of democracy and Islam is in danger of becoming a no-man's land between them. This can be prevented The Economist which they have now pushed out of power, comes back into Tbe foHowing is the full text of a special feature in this office at the next election on a wave of Muslim resenbnent week's edition of the London based Economist magazine - they will either have to live with a new government that dealing with Turicey's growing "secuJarist-1s1amist" will among other things be much more suspicious of their dichotomy: pro-western foreign policy, or do an Algeria and squash the election. urlcey, say the geopoliticians, is the most impor- A little time was bought when Mesut Y1lmaz, the benefi- tant member of the new, expanded Atlantic ciary of the genera1s' intervention, got a rather wobbly vote alliance; and they may well be right This is a of confidence last Saturday (a majority of 25 in the 55~ huge place, with the biggest land area and the member parliament) for a three-party coalition he has second biggest population of any NATO c0un- stitched together out of his own conservative Motherland Ttry east of the Atlantic. It has the biggest anny of them all, Party, its old adversary the Democratic Left. and a small including America' s and though its soldie:s do not have the splinter group. The generals would have had an immediate most modem weapons they are dogged and uncomplaining crisis on their hands if Welfare and its ally in government fighters; there are gentlemen inEngland still abed who since lastJuly, the True Path Party, had beaten Mr. Y1lmaz. remember Gallipoli and Kutal-Amara. Above all, Turkey Only two weeks earlier a majority of parliament' s members stands where Germany did in the previous period of had signed a plea that Welfare and True Path Party should NATO's existence on the front line, face to face with the big stay in office. The necessary votes were, in the end, cajoled problem. Nowlhat the Soviet anny no longer looms over or bought But the crisis is far from over. Germany, NATO's eyes have turned southward, to the bu~ Even ifMr. Yùmaz's majority survives the year, which is bling mixture of oil and Islamism and decrepit authoritarian by no means certain, some hard questions have to be regimes called the Middle East: a bubbling which will not be answered. All those involved - the genera1s, Mr. Y1lmaz kept from boiling over by diplomacy alone. and Welfare Party's leader Necmettin Erbakan - have to The trouble is that the alliance of the democracies needs try to work out what sort of country they want Turkey to be. Turkey for two different reasons, and both have been put al risk by what is now happening inTurlcish politics. They went over the to The military value of Turkey is that it sits next door to The generals' answer is that they want Turkey to remain the Saddam Hussein's Iraq, to the mullah's Iran and to the secu1ar state created 70 years ago by their hero Mustafa unpredictable dictatorship of Syria's Hafez Assad. Its own Kemal Atatürk. "Father of the Turks." They went into action anned forœs, the bases it provides for allied aircraft and last February armed with Article 118 of the coostitution, warships and - not least - its quiet ability to control the under which the National Security Council- five civilian flow of the Tipis and Euphrates rivers into Iraq and Syria ministers under the chainnansbip of the country' s president are all weighty pieces in the regional ba1ance of power. But - can say what it wants done to preserve "the independence Turkey has been of even ~ value fO! a different, ~liti- of the state" and ''the peace and security of society." They cal reason. Until recently,lt had looked like the one fairly gave the prime minister a list of 18 things they wanted done solid example of a Muslim country that was also a worlcing to reduce Islam' s influence on the workings of government democracy. It looks less solid now. . Further demands were made on the government, includ- On February 28th, Turkey's generals stuck their hand into ing its approval for the dismissal of military officers consid- politics again (they had three full-scale coups between 1960 ered too pro-Welfare. A handful of big firms that had shown and 1980) by issuing a list of instJUctions to the mildly sympathy for Welfare got a dressing-down. The lady in Islamist government. This has made it harder to argue that charge ofTrue Path Party, Tansu Çiller, who had used her Turkey was at last settling down to be a real democracy, a, coalition with Welfare as an umbrella against the charges of place where the people take the decisions. And if the gener- corruption raining down on ber, came under renewed attack. als have miscalculated - if the Koran-toting Welfare Party, Towards the end, the newspapers suddenly revealed that a

61 .Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevo/ca Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basl11 Özeti --- government ministry had been tapping th~ sol~iers' tele- reason enough to ban a phones. Most curiously of all, the counlI)' s chief prosecutor, party. It even seems a shortly after saying he did not think such a thing c~ùl~ be rather liberal idea, when successfully done. brought a suit before the ConstItutIonal you reflect that peasant mothers whose soldier sons have Court calling for the Welfare Party to be banned been wounded in the civil war against Kurdish rebels are Not all these things were organized from military head- made to remove their daily headgear if they want ~ovisit quarters, though many of them undoubtedly were. Nor have their boys in a military hospital. . . the generals had unanimous suppor:t among ~cular !urks Probe a little deeper than the public prosecutor does, and who enjoy a western-style way of life: the ~ busmes~ you dig up two further charges. One is that Welfare has men' s association; in a list of proposals to lffiprove ~urkish allowed money to be brought into the country, and has~- democracy, suggested abolishing the National Secunty haps itself provided money, for Masonic-like secret societies Council. But eventually the pressure worked. Mr. Erb~ . dedicated to spreading the Islamist word. This mayor may said he would go; a vain attempt was made to get the prune not be true. It is hard to tell, because apart from one or two ministership transferred to Mrs. Çiller; President Demirel clear-<:ut episodes - such as the arrest at Istanbul airport of said he preferred Mr. Yùmaz; Mr. Yllmaz won some more a man trying to smuggle in money from Islamists in defectors, and only July 12th he got his majority, and the Germany - most of the evidence offered is distinctly generals got their way. murky. "Our control system is very good." "The information The problem with all this is not just that their victory is to be found in Welfare 's computer system." This is less could be short-lived. A sizeable chunk ofMr. yùmaz's than wholly convincing. majority last weekend consisted of.~e. Republican People's The other chief complaint of the defenders of secularism Party, but this party has refused to Jom the government and concerns religious education. Turkey has about 500 Imam would like a new election in 1997, whereas Mr. yùmaz Hatip ("Parson-Preacher") secondary and high sch~ls - a wants to wait until next year. Motherland and Democratic small fraction for the total number of schools for children of Left, the two chief parts of the new coalition. will not~d it that age - which offer a modest dose of Muslim education easy to run a joint government program .(the DemocratIc to ll-t

public meetings. A few ot these are worrying (Istanbul' s For Atatürk, though, rationalism was Icing. To be useful, mayor is quoted as saying that democracy is like a tram: you he said religion ''has to conform ... to science and knowl- take it where you want to go, and then you get off). But most edge, to logic." The phrase "a moral order" would probably were just politicians saying in the rough accent of Anatolian have struck Atatürk, with his belief in the absolute suprema- politics that., if they get elected, the other side had beuer not cy of reason, as something murley dug out of the medieval tIy keeping them out of office. recesses of the Islamic mind. This is why his sort of secularism has less in common ".. fl8vour of the 1930s with the secularism ofmost oftoday's Europeans and To be sure, alllslamic ievivalists need to be examined Americans than it has with that of France' s 19th-century through narrowed eyes. Some of them are ignorantly and rationalists. It is not merely an insistence that religious brotally dictatorial: look at the Taliban in Afghanistan. and believers should keep the propagation of their ideas within the wilder specimens in Algeria, Egypt and Pakistan. But not the rules of the democratic system. It is a preference of all are like this. excluding their ideas from the public arena altogether. It is The mainline revivalist parties in Tunisia, Egypt and notimpartiality towards religion so much as a turning of the Iordan have said that they wish to operate within a democra- back upon it And this is why in 1997 Tudes who have inher- tic system - multi-party free elections, alternation of gov- ited Atatürk's secularism and Tudes in search of an Islamic ernment and all. Malaysia' s Islamists, in that countIy' s revival find themselves gazing at each other across a gulf of admittedly creaky semi-democracy, are obeying the roles. incomprehension. The heartening discovery of the past few years is that the Muslim world's revivalist movement is not a unifonn entity; " they don't try it is a spectrum. ranging from incurable authoritarian to If the gulf is to be bridged, both Mr. Erbakan and the gener- devout searchers after God' s will who are nevertheless pre- als have to stretch out a hand. Mr. Erbakan can reasonably pared to accept the people' s judgement With any luck, argue that in his year in the prime ministership he did not Turkey's plump if occasionally excitable Mr. Erbakan, and visibly break any of democracy's rules. He might add that most of his party, are at the moderate end of the spectrum. his foreign policy, apart from a smirk towards Iran and a The fact that the leaders of the anti- Welfare campaign humiliating visit to Colonel Qaddafi' s Libya, was just the will have none of this says much about the psychology of sort of thing the generals wanted: his government stayed a Atatürk's Turkey. No, they insist, you can never trust a loyal member of NATO, kept knocking on the European politician with the Koran in his hand; these people are Union's door, and even let the Turlcish army get on with its trained to say one thing and do another; we secular Turks cosy new program of military co-operation with Israel. know in our bones that they are plotting to force a funda- But Mr. Erbakan could go further. He could formally mentalist dictatorship on us. There is a neurotic edge to the commit himself to the democratic credo already voiced by way many secularists talk about the awkward, rather earnest, open-minded Islamists in other countries. just-up-from-the

63 Revue de Presse-Press Revicw-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivis'ta Stampa-Dentro de la Prcllsa-Baszn Özcti

they first have to prove they are good democrats. And Iran's Either way, a country that could have been a demonstra- mullahs will be even more anti-Turkey than they are now. tion of the compatibility of Islam and democracy would be If the generals have got it wrong, on the other hand. and drifting off into a lonely limbo between the two. That is not their harassment of Welfare wins irldignant Islamists more what the democracies need, and it is not what most Turks votes in Turkey's next election, the next Turkish government want. is likely to be colder to NATO, less interested in Europe, and on even pricklier terms than its predecessors with the hard- nosed and ungodly men ~ho run Iraq and Syria.

Turkish Dai~ News TUESDAY. JULY 22. 1997

Whatany intelligent foreigner sees... SEMIH 0.1012 out, the Economist' s writer fears that rather than being Ankara - Turkish Daily News "a demonstration of the compatibility, of Islani ~d democracy" Turkey will now be "drifting into a lonely • It is always pleasing to read an article on Turkey writ- limbo between the two." ten by a Western journalist who has bothered to get The on1y way out of this situation, the writer correct- down into the finer points of the subject matter at band. ly says, is for "all those involved - the generals, Mr. More often than not the practice by Western journal- Yilmaz and Welfare's leader, Necmettin Erbakan ... to ists is to simply take the easier course and do little but try and work out what sort of country they ~ant Turkey build ?~superficial information I!Jldexisting prejudic~s. to be." . This IS then colored by sweepmg pronouncements m The mesSage here is that even a foreigner who has order to hide the ignorance involved and "bey presto!" delved into the intricacies of Turkey can see the way yet another expert on Turkey is l:lOrn. . out, while Turks insist on inafutainmg debilitating polit- The article m this week's Economist called. ical wars of attrition and thus squandering the God- "Generals and Politics: The increasing loneliness of given advantages this country bas. . being Turkey" bas, however, earned its writer the privi- One criticism may be brought a~ainst the Writer on lege to make the "pronouncements" that be docs. his criticism of the secular and military establishment As an incisive article the writer analyzes the crisis for overreacting to the Welfare Party. between the Turkisb military and the Islamist camp While it is correct that many of the things this party whicb culminated in the forced resignation of Prime has been accused of would be hard to prove in an objec- Minister Necmettin Erbakan. tive court of law, he does not analyze sufficiently why Before moving into the details of this crisis the writer the establishment reacted the way it did. cites geopoliticians who now cbaracterize Turkey as One reason is of course the bellicose approach that "the most important member of the new, expanded Welfare had during its election campaign, with its open Atlantic alliance." attaèks on secularism, and its unmistakable suggestions It is clear that the secularist-Islamist struggle has that it would be ditching NATO and the EU, toning implications, not on1y for this country, but also for other down Turkey's ties with the West and opening to the countries, or blocs such as NATO or the EU, made up Islamic world in a manner that has not been done to of specific countries. date. When Welfare, once in power, started takin~ some Having kicked off with this notion the writer very steps that appeared to be in line with these "proffilses," correctly points to the irregular nature of what has been it was ineVItable that the bastions of "a la Turca secular- taking place in this country, particularly overthe past ism" would immediately conclude this was the time to five months. . act according to the Turkish saying and "kill the snake He suggests the military,as the bastion of "secularist while its head is still small." . Kemalism," has overreacted to the Welfare Party in In this res~t, the Welfare Party cannot be said to be powér and has effectively staged a "soft coup" to get rid totally innocent about the way things have tuined out. of this party, even though many of the accusations It could bave been far more "attuned" to the sensitive brought against Welfare are unsustainable. environment, and could have acted in line with the He then indicates that this has ill-served Turkey overall experimental project aimed at demonstrating which could otherwise have provided an excellent that Islam and democracy are not incompatible. example of a predominantly Islamic country which Instead it chose at times to step on the secularist retains this aspect of its identity while developing its "central nervous system" with open1y defiant remarks, Western-style democracy at the same time. some of which are also referred to by the Economist. He suggests in so many words that Turkey' s democ- But on the whole the Economist' s writer has cap- racy is not on par with Western democracies, and goes tured the essence of the problem facing Turkey today. on to say open1y that the Kemalist notion of "secular- It remains to be seen now whether people in respon- ism" is not the same as what is understood about this sible positions in Turkey will have enougb insight and concept in the West either. . foresight to arrive at the obvious conclusions that any Given the way matters in this country have turned intelligent foreigner can apparently arrive at so easily.

64 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

"-'-'-'-'-';"~'-'-'-'-'-'-':'r'-';"'-'-'-';";"';"-'-';";"';"'-"-'-';.,";".'-"-',;.:;,,';,,'-'-',; ..::,,:;"-"-'-';.,'-'-'-'';.::....~.:;.._•.;.,:;.:;.._._•.;I:;...;..::..:;. •.;:;.,:;...;.._ •.;...;...;....-"-',:;;,:;..'-"-';.,';.,';.."-'-';".';..";.,'-"-',::;,:;"'-'-',;.:;.::...-.-.-.;"..-.-.-.-.-.;.,.;"..-.;..,.-.;...-.-.,; ....:...-.-.-.-.;...;...-.-~ . ...~ ~~• La Turquie incitée à tourner le dos à l'VE par ses politiciens Il extrémistes G~;'621 !! :

:::: i::!.,.,::::.~~:l~:;_Les "durs" de lapolitique t~rqu:rie~x d~~~iliru~e --~.i. 1997 de l'Union européenne à l'égard d'Ankara et à propos de Chypre, tentent d'inciter ~!la Turquie à lui tourner le dos, mais un consensus est loin d'être acquis au sein

~!...::.:.:i"!'i:' du gouvernement, selon les analystes. Bulent Ecevit, vice-Premier ministre du nouveau gouvernement de coalition droite-gauche de Mesut Yilmaz et connu pour ses positions intransigeantes en politique étrangère, a annoncé dimanche un processus d"'intégration partielle" à la Turquie de la partie nord (turque) de Chypre, ainsi qu'une "révision" de l'accord d'union douanière existant entre Ankara et rUE.

"Nous allons réviser cet accord (d'union douanière) en conseil des ministres et prendre une décision appropriée", a déclaré M. Ecevit à des journalistes en rentrant d'une visite dans la partie nord (turque) de Chypre. :I Le ministre des Affaires étrangères, Ismail Cem, qui accompagnait M. Ecevit, a j! déclaré: "Notre déficit commercial avec rUE était de 5 milliards de dollars en !.! 1995.Après l'entrée en vigueur de l'union douanière en 1996, il a grimpé à 11 milliards de dollars cette année-là". "Nous allons demander à rUE de corriger certaines des provisions de notre partenariat que nous considérons comme mauvaises", a ajouté M. Cem.

MM. Ecevit et Cem appartiennent au Parti de la Gauche démocratique (DSP), formation de tendance nationalist~ membre de la coalition pro-laïque de M. Yilmaz, qui a remplacé fin juin une coalition à dominante islamiste.

Leur position représente une déviation de la ligne traditionnellement pro-européenne de la Turquie, mais selon des responsables de rUE et des analystes, elle n'est pas partagée par le Parti de la Mère Patrie (Anap, droite) de M. Yilmaz.

"En ce qui concerne la Commission européenne, la situation n'a pas changé", a déclaré lundi à l'AFP le représentant de la Commission à Ankara, Michael Lake.

"Nos contacts officiels nous indiquent que la Turquie va continuer l'union douanière et même accélérer la mise en oeuvre de certaines législations qui y sont liées", a-t-il ajouté.

"Il Y a un lobby pro-européen fort au sein de l'Anap qui ne laissera pas M. Ecevit endommager les relations de la Turquie avec rUE", a déclaré à l'AFP un économiste turc, Burak Bekdil.

"L'union douanière va peut-être créer la première fissure dans le nouveau gouvernement. Une autre possibilité est que la déclaration de M. Ecevit ait été destinée au public turc", a-t-il ajouté.

M. Ecevit s'était opposé à l'accord d'union douanière avec rUE lors de sa conclusion en 1995.

Aux termes de cet accord, la Turquie et les pays de rUE ont levé leurs barrières

65 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

commerciales dans presque tous les domaines, à l'exception des produits agricoles.

Mais la Turquie se plaint de ce que l'UE n'ait pas 'débloqué une aide financière de plus de trois milliards de dollars prévue par l'accord et destinée à compenser les pertes pour l'industrie turque occasionnées par lui, en raison du veto de sa voisine et rivale la Grèce.

Les déclarations de M. Ecevit sont une réaction à l'annonce la semaine dernière par la Commission européenne que l'UE commencerait dès l'année prochaine des négociations d'adhésion avec cinq pays d'Europe de l'est et Chypre. La Turquie, également candidate à l'adhésion, ne fait pas partie de cette liste.

Après cette annonce, Ankara a également durci sa rhétorique sur Chypre, dix jours après les premiers pourparlers intercommunautaires depuis trois ans en vue d'une solution au problème de l'île divisée.

M. Ecevit a annoncé que la Turquie et la République turque de Chypre du nord (RTCN, autoproclamée en 1983) réaliseraient "par étapes" leur "intégration partielle", "parallèlement au processus d'adhésion de l'administration chypriote-grecque à l'UE"..

Mais selon un diplomate européen qui a souhaité garder l'anonymat, cela "ne semble pas changer le statut de Chypre". "La RTCN est toujours une république non reconnue internationalement et soumise à embargos. Quant aux propositions pour une intégration économique, elles sont déjà en place puisque la RTCN utilise la Livre turque comme monnaie". IEkinci: PKK seeks revenge.on DYP

A_rs.ThrklsbDsllylt..... via Perincek I • True Path Party (DYP) Deputy Chairman Hasan Ekinci said on Monday,that outlawed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader party was the central pillar and the backbone Abdullah Öcalan had been attempting to take of Turkish democracy. . revenge on the DYP and its leader Tansu Çiller through Workers Party (lp) Chairman He also criticized the government (or Dogu Perinçek. increasing the price of gasoline by 32 percent. In a press conference at DYP headquarters, In modem democracies. Ekinci said, it was Ekinci said Çiller, who has been accused of .the nation which formed the government and being an agent of the CIA since 1967, and her appointed the prime minister. DYP had been targeted because of the deter- He asserted that only five of the' 55 govern- mined struggle she had waged against the ments in Turkey had not been founded by the PKK. He said that the PKK had prepared fake people. . documents purporting that the Turkish state He claimed that those five governments had dealt in heroin and that its prime minister had been led by Nihat Erim, Nairn Talu, Ferit been protecting the heroin dealers. He pointed Melen, BUlent Ulus and Mesut Yllmaz. out that the allegations had been reported abroad and regrettably. also' discussed in Turkey.' , ' However, Ekinci noted, the German state court had cleared the Turkish nation and the Turkish state from all such charges. He sa~d it Turkish Daily News was regrettable that the state merely remained TUESDAY. JULY 22. J997 a spectator in the face of such developments. Ekinci maintained that his party had never been as unified as it was now. He said his

66 Revue de Presse-Press Rt'view-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baslll Özeti

L B It RAT U N

• A R D I 2 2 J U L L I: T 1 • • 7 La Turquie en froid avec les «Quinze» Lenouveau gouvemementveutrevLser letraité d'union douanière. L:c~urquie veut réviser son gueur le 1er janvier 1996, la tion avecl'islamiste Necmettin trée de Chypre dans rUE avant rd d'union douanière Turquie et les pays de l'UE le- Erbakan, décida de l'invasion qùune solution soit trouvée au avecl'Union européenne. An- vaient toutes lesbarrières com- de Chypre pour venir en aide problème de rile, ou avant noncée hier par Bulent Ecevit, mt:rciales sauf pour l'agricul- à la communauté turque qu'elle soit elle-même admise vice-Premier nùnistre et vieux ture. Mais à cause du veto après un coup d'Etat des extré- au sein de l'Union. Dix jours leader charismatique de la d'Athènes, lesEuropéens riont mistes grecs qui voulaient rat- plus tôt, les représentants des gauche nationaliste turque, toujours pas débloqué les tacher rile à la Grèce. Quelque deux communautés avaient cette décision qui sera bientôt quelque 3 milliards de dollars vingt-trois ans plus tard, les pour la première fois depuis entérinée par le Conseil des d'aides financières destinées à troupes turques sont toujours trois ans commencé à négocier ministres traduit le durcisse- compenser le manque à ga- dans le tiers nord de rile où fut directement aux Etats-Unis ment vis-à-vis des Quinze du gner des industriels turcs. proclamée en 1987 une répu- sous la houlette de l'ONU. Ils nouveau gouvernement turc. Bulent Ecevit était à l'époque blique turque de Chypre devaient se revoir à la mi-août Les autorités d'Ankara n'ont hostile à la signature nord (RTCN) recon- à Genève. guère apprécié d'être exclues de cet accord Revenu ...... nue seulement par En durcissant le ton vis-à-vis des plans d'élargissement de au pouvoir pour la =:: Ankara. C'est à l'occa- des Européens sur ce dossier, l'Union. I:irritation couvait en première fois depuis ..... sion d'une visite dans les autorités turques savent fait depuis plusieurs mois vingt ans à lafaveur de ...."""b... le nord de rile qùilan- pouvoir compter sur une cer- «Nous avons cru que l'Union la coalition laïque PUE...... nonçait avant -hier un taine compréhension de Wa- douanière serait un pas vm une droite-gauche dirigée =:.:::. plan visant à «l'inté- shington. I:envoyé spécial adhésion pleine et entière mais par Mesut Ytlmaz, il ,...... gration» progressive américain pour Chypre, Ri- cela ne s'estpas produit», a affir- compte bien infléchir de la RTCN à la Tur- chard Holbrooke. avait mis en mé le ministre des Affaires la politique extérieure de son quie. Un défi à rUE si celle-ci garde lasemaine dernière rUE étrangères, Ismail Cern, préci- pays en cette phase de malaise entamait réellement des négo- contre des négociations sur sant que le déficit commercial croissant dans les relations ciations pour l'intégration de l'intégration de Chypre qui «ne avec rUE avait doublé entre avec Bruxelles. Fin lettré, so- la république de Chypre qui prendraient pas en compte» les 1995 et 1996 passant en un an cial-démocrate et nationaliste, couvre lereste de rile et reste la efforts menés par l'ONU et les de 5 milliards de dollars à Il Ecevit, 72 ans, était le Premier seule autorité internationale- Etats-Unis pour régler cette milliards de dollars. Aux ministre qui en 1974, à la tête ment reconnue. La Turquie re- question. termes de ce traité entré en vi- d'un gouvernement de coali- jette catégoriquement une en- ••••

Abdullah çatlt was one of the most important names in the WEDNESDAY,JULY23.1997 Turkisb Daily News criminal organization which had penetrated the government and which appeared following the Susurluk accident. He was wanted as a suspected murderer and had escaped from prison and before the traffic accident in which be died occurred he is reported to Çatl! was have travelled around Ankara like a minister. Eymur added that çatlt was to be found in a room in the king's suites in five-star botels where many important statesmen stayed. Eymur added to his words he had relayed this information to journalists ugur Mumcu may bave been killed for what he knew walking about about Cath. At the second stage of Tuesday's hearing of the Susurluk trial, evidence from policeofficers who had been arrested on charges related to the criminal organization in the government. Eleven defendants, ten of whom were under arrest, continued. Among like a minister these was Ibrahim ~ahin who had been the deputy director of the A former administrator of the National Special Operations Department of the police. Korkut Eken who Intelligence Organization Mehmet EymÜf, was a former high-ranking member of MIT also attended the trial. a witness in the Susurluk case, said that çath Eken told the court that during the years that he had worked had gotten out of control at the end for MIT,Thrahim Sabin had been an instructor for the special IstlmbuJ - Turldsh Dally News operations teams. Écen himself denied charges that he had received money will! which he bought a house and car. He said • The case related to the Susurluk traffic accident is Continuing that he knew Tank Omit who had worked for MIT and who has in the Istanbul No.6 State Security Court. The former administra- disappeared and is pres~ed dead. However he denied that he tor of the National Intelligence Organization (MIT) Mehmet had any knowledge of Umit's disappearance. Eyrour in testimony Tuesday related how what was said about Eken admitted under oath that he bad known Abdullah Çath Abdullah çatlt was very attention-getting. Eyrom continued, "At since 1988 and bad also known him when he was usin~ the false the end he got completely out of control and became so powedul identity of Mehmet Özbay. The court trial was continwng at the that he could even have me removed from my job." time the newspaper went to press.

67 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de LaPrensa-Basl11 Özeti

LE MONDE / MERCREDI 23 JUILLET 1997 LaTurquie dénonce le sort quelui réserve l'Union européenne le v!c~-.premierministre, B~lent Ecevi.:aP!'ell~à une revIsion de l'accordd'union douanIere signe avec lesQuinze, qu'fi juge défavorable à son pays. 1\ annonce, par ailleurs, une «intégration» de la partie turque de Chypre ISTANBUL turques, qui non seulement ontdfi de notre correspondante avaler le fait que la 1\1rquie n'ait La 1\1rquie est-elle en train de pas été inclue dans les plans to.urner le dos à l'Europe? La d'élargissement de l'Union euro- question s'était initialement posée péenne, annoncés les 16 et 17juil- en 1996 avec l'arrivée au pouvoir 'let - ce qui n'aurait pas dfi être une du premier ministre islamiste Nec- véritable surprise -, mais égale- mettin Erbakan, mais c'est mainte- ment le fait que les négociations nant l'attitude du gouvernement . en vue de l'accession de Chypre à taie formé pour lui succéder qui re- l'Union débuteraient prochaine- met le sujet à l'ordre du jour. ment. Ismail Cern avait alors quali- En visite à Chypre pour célébrer fié la décision européenne d'« in- le. 23

68 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prel1~a-Baszn Özeti

L'étoile ternie de Tansu Ciller, ancien espoir des Turcs et des Européens « vous êtes jeune et ambitieuse, et des avantqges de la l'Rrt de ser- l'Etat d'urgence, ce qui vaut bientôt je. vous ferai briller comme une vices ltrangers », tandi~' que. son à son parti' le surnom de «police troile », aurait dit le président Su- mari, Ozer Ciller, un richissime academy». Ses détracteurs lui re- leyman Demirel à Tansu Cillerlors- homme d'affaires, aurait, lui, falsi- prochent son inconstance. Tout au qu'il la lança en politique en 1991. fié des documents pour minimiser long de la campagne électorale les nombreux biens que le couple pour les législatives anticipées, en PORTRAIT possède aux Etats-Unis. décembre 1995,elle n'a de cesse de Même en économie, Ce n'est pas la première fois que diaboliser les islamistes - «plus semblables accusations sont por- dangereux pour le pays que le PKK » la réputation tées contre l'ancien premier mi- (Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan, de l'ex-premier ministre nistre turc, jadis adulée. Entre 1996 marxiste-léniniste, en lutte armée a rapidement faibli et 1997,pas moins de trois commis- contre Ankara depuis 1984).En né- sions d'enquête parlementaires se godant l'accord d'union douanière sont opposées à son renvoi devant avec l'Union européenne,elle se Jeune professeur d'économie à la Cour suprême pour y répondre présente comme. «le meilleur rem- l'université du Bosphore, à Istan- de malversations dans la vente des part contre l'islamisme»; et puis, bul, celle-ci connut, dès lors, une monopoles d'Etat Tofas (automo- sept mois plus tard, elle fait alliance carrière politique fulgurante qui al- bile) et Todas (électricité)ou éclair- avec le chef des islamistes,Necmet- lait culminer en juin 1993,lorsqu'à cir l'origine de sa fortune person- tin Erbakan. f' 0'1 quarante-sept ans, elle devint pre- nelle - selon les allégations, Si à chacun de ses voyages à 0'1~ mier ministre, une première dans 50 millions de dollars (environ l'étranger, elle promet une amélio- ..... w l'histoire de la Turquie. «Belle et 300millions de francs) dont beau- ration de la situation en matière de -' -' blonde» comme la décrivaitle quo- coup de biens immobiliers en Tur- droits de l'homme dans son pays, :::J tidien Hümyet, affectionnant les quie comme aux Etats-Unis - ac- sa gestion de cette question est m tailleurs blancs de bonne coupe, cumulée principalement lors de son catastrophique. Le conflit qui, de- N es cette sémillante Stambouliote, an- séjour à la tête du gouvernement puis 1984, oppose dans les pro- w glophonecar éduquée aux Etats- entre juin 1993et juillet 1996. vinces du Sud-Est les militaires aux cr:: u Unis, représentait alors pour des militants kurdes armés du PKKs'est cr:: millionsde Turcsl'espoir du renou- I!CHEC POLmQUE w durcit. En novembre 1996, l'ac- ~ veau tandis qu'à l'étranger elleétait La comparution devant la plus cident de Susurluk,qui révèle à une perçue comme le «visage euro- haute juridiction de l'Etat a étéévi- w population interloquée les liens 0 pten lO de la Turquie. «Avec sa tée à MmeCiller grâce au vote des existant entre la mafia, la police et z a BMW blanche et son tailleur blanc députés du Parti de la prospérité lés politiciens, ne laisse planer au- ~ elle incamait le succès des classes (Refah, islamiste). Ce parti isla- cun doute sur les méthodes des w moyennes, un rêve que la Thrquie miste, qui fut à l'origine de ces de- « équipes spéciales JO, ces comman- -' aurait voulu partager avec elle lO, ex- mandes d'enquête est devenu en- dos antiguérilla mis sur pied par pliqua un jour la sociologueNilüfer suite son partenaire dans la MmeCiller et son entourage et qui Göle qui, comme MmeCiller, fut coalition gouvernementale. Mais portent la responsabilité de cen- étudiante à l'université du Bos- aùjourd'hui, la nouvelle coalition taines de disparitions et d'exé- phore. au pouvoir parm) déterminée à en cutions extrajudiciaires. Sur deux Cinq ans plus tard, 1'« troile» a finir avec les «affaires ». «Le gou- mille deux cents assassinats «non singulièrement pâli : vouée aux gé- vemement ne restera pas simple élucidés» répertoriés en Turquie monies par la presse pour son al- spectateur face à la corruption », a depuis 1983,mille huit cents se sont liance avec les islamistes (elle était déclaré le nouveau premier mi- produits pendant la période où devenue ministre des affaires nistre, Mesut Yihnaz,lors de sa pre- Tansu Ciller était premier ministre étrangères dans le précédent gou- mière intervention télévisée. Les selon des statistiques fournies par vernement, celui de l'islamisteNec- défections qu'a enregistrées ces le ministère turc de l'intérieur. mettin Erbakan), désavouée p.ar dernières semaines le groupe parle- Même dans son domaine de pré- l'élite laïque pour sa piètre gestion mentaire de MmeCiller,celuidu Par- dilection, l'économie, la réputation du pays, fortement contestée au ti de la juste voie (DVP),pourraient de cette diplômée de Yalea rapide- sein de son propre parti dont les ef- en outre favoriser la levée de son ment faibli. L'inflation atteint des fectifs fondent comme neige au so- immunité. sommets: de 71% annuels en 1993 leß,lâchée, enfin,par ses principaux Plus généralement, l'hémorragie lors de son accession au pouvoir, alliésd'hier - les militaireset le pré- de députés frappant le DVPest ré- elle passe à 150% en 1995pour pla- sident Suleyman Demirel, son vélateur de l'échec politique de fOMer à 80 % à l'heure actuelle. En- «parrain» en politique -, Tansu MmeCiller.A son arrivée à la tête du fin, malgré sa soumission au haut- Cillerse retrouve, pour la troisième vieux parti conservateur, en 1993, commandement militaire, celui-cia fois en deux ans, sous les projec- elle écarte la vieille garde, les an- tôt fait de se détourner d'elle, une teurs de la justice. Leprocureur gé- ciens compagnons de Demirel, et fois son allianceconclue avec les is- ntral de Turquie, VuralSavas,a de- s'appuie sur de nouveaux cadres, lamistes. Selon le quotidien Hür- mandé, le 2 juillet, à la Cour de pour la plupart issus du Mouve- riyet, les militaires auraient donné sfueté de l'Etat d'examiner les' ac- ment de l'action nationaliste (MHP, des consignes auxaavtces de l'émi- cusations de corruption qui pèsent extrême-droite nationaliste) du co- gratioß. • d'empêcher toute sor- sur elle. Selon la plainte déposée lonel Turkes. Elledistribue ies pro- tie du territoire de l'ancien premier par Dogu Perincek, le chef d'un motions aux préfets chargés de la ministre et de son mari. parti d'extrême-gauche, elle .est sécurité dans les Pégionsdu Sud-Est soupçonnée d'avoir« reçu desfoneis peuplées de Kurdes et soumises à Marle Jégo

69 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de LaPrensa-Basm Özeti

LE MONDE I MERCREDI23 JUILLET1997

COMMENTÄIRE. CHANGEMENT Une opinion déçue DE CAP ? par les milieux politiques AJris avoir fait. peur aux.Occi" ISTANBUL sut Yilmaz.a annoncé que l'Assem- dentauX en se donnant, pendant de notre correspondant blé~ nationale n'aUrait pas droi(à un an, un chef de gouverriement La coalition forinée par le pre- ses vacances tant que la loi qui pré- ~ Islamiste, NecJTIettin Erbakan, la mier ministre Mesut Yilmaz a beau voit l'allongement' de l'enseigne- . Turquie serait-elle en passe de re- être entrée en fonctions dans des ment primaire obligatoire à huit tomber: dans une autre dérive qui, circonstances particulières - le années n'a pas été adoptée. Cette eReauSsi,inquiète: .celledu natio- gouvernement précédent ayant été réforme très controversée était nalisme? forcé de démissionner sous la pres- une ;des mesures préconisées par Les propos. tenus ces derniers .sion des militaires -, ses premiers les généraux afin d'empêcher que jdurs .par M. Ecevit vice-premier jours au pouvoir suivent un scéna- les élèves ne se dirigent vers des rflinlstre dans le nouveau gouver- rio désormais bien familier: rem- écoles religieuses dès l'âge de onze .. nement, pourraient le laisser pen- placement des hauts fonction- ans, et auxquelles le gouvernement sero En visite dans le nord de naires, suspension des projets précédent s'était opposé. L'intro-. Chypre, occupée par l'armée lancés par l'administration précé- duction de la loi, prévue pour cette turqu~ depuis vingt-trois an~, dente et, dans un pays où l'infla- semaine, promet des débats ani- 8ulent Ecevit vient en effet d'an- tion demeure constamment autour més au Parlement: les islamistes Mncer coup sur coup que cette dè la .barre des 80 %, introduction. s'y opposent violemment et, à l'in- partie de l'ite allait être progressi- des inévitables augmentations de térieur même du Parti de la mère verflent « inté9rée » à la Turquie prix. patrie (ANAP) de M. Yilmaz, des ,... et que l'accord d'union douanière Cette fois-ci, dès l'obtention du voix s'élèvent contre ce projet. Le cr> cr> qui lie Ankara' à l'Europe devait vote de confiance de l'Assemblée programme gouvernemental pré- ». nationale, le gouvernement a frap- voyait des améliorations dans le I- être« révisé w pé fort: l'essence a augmenté de ....J M. Ecèvit retrouve ses accents domaine des droits de l'homme ....J annexionnistes et an.ti-européens. 32 %, le sucre de 35 %, les prix des mais lé sujet, notamment un projet ::> ..... Il joue avec la frustration que communications téléphoniques d'amnistie pour certains jouma- M N peuvent engendrer dans la popu- ont renchéri de 50 %. Pour transi- listes emprisonnés, n'a pas encore 0 latioh certaines prises de position ter de l'Europe à l'Asie en voiture, été abordé par le nouveau cabinet. w les Stambouliotes devront désor- a:: de l'Europe: en l'occurrence, l'in- u tention d'engager des négocia- mais payer 250 000 livres tUrques CHASSE AUX SORCltRES 7 a:: w tions d'adhésion avec les autorités alors qu'une semaine plus tôt La coalition insiste également ~ chypriotes internationalement re- 100 000 livres suffisaient. Ces me- sur l'indépendance des tribunaux. w connues (les grecques), et le fait sures ne contribuent évidemment La multiplication soudaine des 0 z que l'Europe rie mentionne pas la pas à la popularité de la nouvelle procédures judiciaires contre les 0 Turquie parmi les pays suscep- administration. Déçus par leurs membres de l'ancien gouverne- ~ tibles de la rejoindre un jour.. politiciens, sans grand espoir de ment - les demandes de levée w ....J M. Ecevitest fidèle à lui-même: changement majeur, les T\1rcs s'in- d'immunité parlementaire contre il était aux commandes en 1974, téressent avant tout. à ce qui les les députés islamistes radicaux, la lors de l'intervention à Chypre; en touche de plus près: le coßt de la possible fermeture du Parti de la 1995, ilavait exprimé son hostilité vie. prospérité, les procès intentés au projet d'union douanière avec Le gouvernement n'a cependant contre MmeCiller pour corruption, l'Europe. Mais qui gouverne à An- pas entièrement perdu de vue les l'ouverture d'une enquête par un k.ra ? Le premier ministre, Mesut élections anticipées qui devront procureur militaire sur la base Yilmaz. n'est pas sur Ces pt)Sitions vraisemblablement être organisées d'une accusation selon laquelle anti-européennes. Les milieux en 1998. Ainsi, les fonctionnaires l'ancien premier ministre aurait été d'affaires non plus. On peut sup- ont reçu une augmentation de sa- un agent de la CIA -crée en fait. poser que l'armée n'approuve pas laire de 35 % et le ministre d'Etat l'impression, qu'un ou deux cas la remise en cause .par,M, Ecevit responsable de l'économie, Gunes mieux documentés aurait pu dissi- d'une politique traditionnelle- Taner, il clairement signalé qu'un per, qu'une chasse aux sorcières ment tournée vers l'Europe, pas véritable plan d'austérité n'était est en cours .. plus'qu'elle n'approuva, il ya pas prévu. La coalition a hérité Cette coalition de .la dernière quelques années, son soutien afti- 4'une situation financière déplo- chance, formée pour bloquer le rè- ché à .1'Irak. Il n'est donc pas dit rabIe, mais elle espère la stabiliser, tour au pouvoir dès islamistes, est qu'Ankara change de cap. On sinon la redresser, en augmentant tiraillée de tous côtés. Avec l'in~ peut toutefois craindre que les ses rentrées, notamment par le fluence de Bulent Ecevit sur la poli" méandres .de la pc;>litique inté- biais de réformes fiscales limitées .tique étrangère, avec les exigences . rieure turque ne fassent manquer et par les pJ,ivatisations qui, selon du Parti républicain du peuple un moment particulièrement pro- Ie gouvernement, devraient rap- (CHP) de Deniz Baykal, qui falt de pice ~ la présence à Athènes d'un porter 4 milliards de dollars cette la réforme de l'enseignement une gouvernement ouvert au dia- . année. Le Parlement vient d'adop- condition Sine qua non pO\b. accor- logue, les efforts redoublés de la ter une loi qui permettra désor- der son soutien au gouvernement, communauté internationale pour mais à des compagnies privées de avec l'armée qui veille, avec les at- régler le problème de Chypre - bâtir les centrales électriques dont tentes de son propre parti, le pre- pour en finir avec les contentieux la T\1rquie a besoin pour satisfaire mier ministre Mesut Yilma~ dis- qui affectent la région. ses besoins en énergie. . pose d'ùoe marge de manœuvre Pout satisfaire les militaires qui très limitée. Claire Tréan veillent au grain et ses partenaires de gauche, le premier ministre Me- N.P.

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Turkish Daily News WFDNESDAY,JULY23,l997 in Washington. A group of Jewish-Americans from Jinsa, one of the most effective US defense giants ask lobbies in Washington, visited Turkey last month. A senior Turkish officiw told the Turkish Daily News that Turkey requested the lobbyists' support in effom to break the stop- support in breaking page of arms transfers to Turkey. Another source said that Jinsa was playing a key role in organizing the pro-Israeli lobbies in Washington to help Turkey, a country which has. US shadow embargo been paying œns of millions of dollars to other lobby companies in the METEHAN DEMIR to persuade them to break the shad- United States to defend its interests. The dispuœ over the transfer of ÂJIbnI- TrutisIJ Ddy Nen ow embargo against Turkey, especially concerning delivery of the arms to Turkey has become one of • Struggling to overcome the shad- frigates. "After massive, froitless the main topics of discussion at ow embargo staged by anti-Turkish efforts to break the shadow embar~o every level between Washington and lobbies in theU.S. Congress block- which blocked delivery of Turkey s Ankara. The U.S. administration has ing arms transfers to Turkey, frigates, Super Cobras and Sea been reluctant to send any proposals American defense giants are enlist- Hawks for more than a year, we concerning arms sales to Turkey to ing the he!'p of the pro- Israeli lobbies requested the lobbies' support to Congress for a long time. The Whiœ in Washington. overcome these difficulties in the House reportedly hasbeen under Following an agreement made by U.S. Congress," said a senior officiw strong pressure from anti-Turkish, NATO allies Greece and Turkey on from an American defense giant Greek and Armenian lobbies in the July 8-9 in Madrid on a set of princi- Turkish and Israeli ties, espeèially in U.S. capital. ples designed to improve their trou- the defense field, have been Recently, Capitol Hill has been bled relationship, the U.S. adminis- strengthened following a series of sending sign&s thM it would transfer tration started to send positive sig- military agreements. Recently, the arms to Turkey. Senior American nwsthMitwouldaccderaœeffom numerous pro-Israeli lobbyists in diplomatic sources both in to deliver the arms to Turkey within Washington visited important fig- Washington and in Ankara wso con- a few weeks. Sources wso said that, ures in Turkey and Turkish officials frrmed the repom, saying that in addition to these developments, reportedly requested their support in Congress had given priority to the powerful pro-Israeli lobbies had Washington. The Israeli administra- issue of Turkey's frigates and would raised the pressure on anti-Turkish tion has also reportedly increased its approve the delivery of the ships lobbies and on certain ConJUessmen support for Turkey in Its difficulties soon. Workers' Party leader claims Turkish Daily News military info given to PKK THURSDAY. JULY 24,1997 ISÛlnbuJ- Turkish Daily News tothe PKK.. P~rinçek went on to say that, _"': orkers' Part~ (IP) leader Dogu despite all efforts, the operation date Pennçek has cl3.lmed that the last mil- was conveyed to CIA which in turn itary operation conducted by the warned Greek secret service. Turkish Anned Forces (fSK) in "Tratiyiki (Strate~y) magazine Northern Iraq was communicated to which is known for Its close connec- the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) tions with the Greek General Staff by the U.S. Central Intelligence ~v~~ the dat~ of this secret opera- Agency (CIA) and the Greek secret tion 10 Its 32nd Issue which came out service. At a press conference in May," said Perinçek, underlinin~ Wednesday at IP headquarters, the cnsis in trust between the Turkish Perinçek referred to fonner ambas- General Staff and the junior partner in sador Sukru Elekdag who earlier the co&ition, the True Path P~ (OYP) which is led by Tansu ÇIUer wrote that the Northern Iraqi opera- who has been accused of being a CIA tion which started in last May was spy by Perinçek himself. Perinçek kept secreJ from the fonner Refahyol ~ncluded. by connecting many right- coalition government by the Generw WlOgmedia groups to CIA; these Staff, because, as a high-ranking gen- groups have attacked Perinçek eral told Elekdag, the army feared the ~use of his controversial wIega- government would leak infonnation tions.

71 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

US reli~ous freedomreport positiveonRP uGuRAKINO their affiliated operations. The US officials washington- Turkisb Daily News Ecumenical Patriarchate in Istanbul has The report noted that there have been consistently expressed interest ii1 no obstacles in the way ofthose U.S. • A State Department report on reli- reopening the seminary on the island of officials who wanted to talk to the lead- ' gious freedom in 78 countries around Halki in the Sea of Marmara. The semi- ership of religious minorities iil Turkey. the world, with special focus on the nary has been closed since the 1970's "U.S. Embassy officers -:- as well,as persecution of Christians, threw a rather when the State nationalized most pri- other U.S. Government officials who positive light on the way religious vate institutions ofhigher learning." visit Turkey - meet frequently with , minorities in Turkey were treated dur- the Ecumenicw Patriarch of the ' ing the tenure of the coalition govern- Aed-tape Orthodox faith, the Armenian Patriarch, ment led by the Islamist Welfare Party The bureaucratic red-tape that prevent- and other religious leaders to discuss (RP). ed maintenance of such sites was criti- their concerns about religious liberty in According to the report prepared and cized. Turkey. , presented to the press on Tuesday by "Bureaucratic procedures relating to U.S. officials also meet with Turkish Assistant Secretary of State John historic presen'ation impede repairs to government officials to discùss these Shattuck, director of the Bureau of some religious facilities. Under the law, matters. InMarch 1996, First Lady Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor religious buildings that become Hillary Rodham Clinton, the U.S. Affairs, "the Government formed in "extinct" (because of prolonged Ambassador. and other U.S. officials July 1996 has sought a more coopera- absence of clergy or lay persons to staff convened an ecumenical meeting of tive relationship with religious minori- local religious councils or for lack of religious leaders in Turkey to address ties, particularly in Istanbul, according adherents) revert to government posses- specific concerns and promote greater to prominent members of these commu- sion. Some non-Muslim minorities, tolerance among religious groups. The nities." particularly the Greek Orthodox and, to meeting was lauded by all participants a lesser extent, the shrinking Armenian as an historic event," the report said. Annenians: No delay Orthodox and Jewish communities, are facedwith the danger of losing some of "The state ministry responsible for the Asylum policy religious minority communities gave their houses of worship," the report said;.,. finally, the repoI1inclQped a critiçi~ the ArmeniaRPatriarchate permission, , of Turkëy's asyluinpolicy; spèciffcally to rebuild a church in Anatolia and Focus on Christians towards those Iranians and Iraqis seek- informed the Patriarchate that requests ing refuge in Turkey. to restore some other properties would The report, as promised, focused particularly on the problemsand issues of "The U.S. Government has protested be approved immediately," the State Turkey's practice oftuming back Department report said. ''These Christians in Turkey. Iranian and Iraqi asylum seekers. On requests have all been approved witli-, "Most religious minorities are con- numerous occasions, U.S. officials have out delay." centrated in fstanbul. The number of Christians in the south has been declin- expressed serious concern to Turkish 'Ecumenical Church' ing as the younger Syriac generation government officials about inadequate The report was also positive in general leaves for Europe and North America. opportunities for asylum applicants to but had a few reservations on the treat- Minority religions not recognized under register with Turkish authorities. ment received by the Greek Orthodox the Lausanne Treaty may not acquire The United States has urged the Church in Istanbul's Fener district, additional property for churches. Government of Turkey to extend the which is referred to by Christians as the The Catholic Church in Ankara, for registration period beyond the current "Ecumenical Church." Turks, pointing example, is confmed to diplomatic 5-day limit, and to permit applicants to to the fact that the church is a Turkish property. The State must approve the register at facilities staffed by profes- institution, do not accept that the Greek operation of chtrrches, monasteries, sionally-trained officials in population Orthodox church is ecumenical in synagogues, schools, and charitable centers. Turkish officials have agreed to nature. religious foundations, such as hospitals meet with UNHCR officials to discuss ''The authorities monitor the activi- and orphanages." the report com- the handling of applications in the ties of Eastern Orthodox churches and plained. future," the report concluded. Turkish Dairy News

THURSDAY. JULY 24, 1997

72 Revue de Presse-Press Review-BerJzevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

~.'O'• ,'.',. ./. i." ,:.S'" I~ .U,'.'. S'. Jeudi 24 juillet 19Bï • .. f . ..;:" l, .', ~. . ,r ~ ;c '~:'l ~. i. , .., ~a~ > n"",.' 'ce. - •• -.-.... , ',. Justice et Liberté

Un comité de soutien au peuple Kurde très actif Participation au train pour la paix

Créé au moment de la pourSUit Josene Hamon. guérre du Golfe en 1881, le C'est pour cela qu'est organisé comité de soutien au peu- ce train de la paix, par la ligue ple Kurde mène un combat turque des droits de l' homme et pour la reconnaissance de diverses organisations alleman- ce peuple opprimé. PoUr des, auquel le comité local de lutter contre le. e.aetlon. soutien au peuple Kurde va parti- récentes de la Turquie, un ciper. En effet, l'écrivain Yves train pour la paix va .. ren- Jouan, actuellement en résidence dr. au Kurdl.tan, tin aoit, à la maison louis-Guilloux. va se dans lequel .. trouv.... un rendre à 'Diyarbakir. en accord représ.ntant du comité avec la fédération des œuvres laï- briochln. ques (FOL). qui l'emploie. Yves Jouan est l'auteur d'un recueil de poésies, "Azadi», écrites après Un train européen pour la paix, un voyage au Kurdistan où il se constitué de dix wagons. remplis rend pour témoigner de l'oppre- pour l'essentiels de journalistes. sion du peuple Kurde, "qui ne d'écnvains et de personnalités. demande que la reconnaissance comme Mgr Gaillot, partira de dans une fédération et non plU. Bruxelles, le 26 aoüt pour se ren- Josette Hamon, représentante du comité de soutien au peuple kurde. qui aura un émissaire dans le train pour la paix. l'autonomie ... dre à Diyarbakir. capitale du Kur. distan. "Ce nln doit servir • alerter l'Europe sur la llIIuatIon Pour financer ce voyage et SQU- du peuple Kurde, explique Josette PKK, le parti pour l'autonomie du les montagnes du Kurdistan. tenir le peuple Kurde, le comité a besoin de la bonne volonté de Hamon. représentante du comité Kurd_n. " Dans laquelle elle a engagé de soutien au peuple Kurde. Une 65000 hommes. Motif invoqué, chacun et notamment des asso- situation Intolérable, qui lait que Participation de Yves lutter contre le terrorisme du ciations qui le composent. 15 millions de peraonnes lOnt Jouan PKK. "Oes villages sont rasés el clairement niées. Et notamment des civils tués et l'europe reste Renseignements au centre so- par la Turquie, qui suspecte tout Récemment encore la Turquie sans volx. prëte même à accepter cial du Plateau, tél Kurde de connfvence avec le a lancé une vaste offensive dans la Turquie au sein de l'Union ", 02963361 80.

73 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de LaPrensa-Baszn Özeti

THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY, JULY 27,1997

By. STEPHEN KINZER VAN, Turkey - More than 1,000 Kurds Fashion Two Identities miles separate a defiant peasant named Baran, who lives in a refugee's hovel outside Van, in eastern in a Fearful Turkey lfurkey, from a polished and suc cess- il • .fuI Istanbul jeweler named Cemal. S .~ . The gap in perception and experi- ; 'Ë ehce between the two is even wic1er. ~ 8 All-they have in common is that they ~ .= are Kurdish citizens of Turkey. ~:ä "1 am a Kurd, but what difference : 3 ~oes th~t mak~?" asked Cemal as he oS ~sat. behmd a glass case full of gold ~ Q.l. bt'acelets and earrings. "I'm Turk- ii -5 ish. I love Turkey. Never once have I coi ~ had a problem because I happen to ~g have Kurdish blood. Everyone is Vi ö equal in this country." c:: Tq Baran, who fled his ancestral :g village rath~r than be pressed into . 5. the pro-Government village guards, U things look very different. i "My identity as a Kurd is the most :.::l. precious thing I have," he said as his ï~son listened solemnly. "If I give up Q.l that identity, I can do anything in this. -5 country, even become president 1li."But no matter what they do to -5 : file, I will never abandon a hundred ] •generations of tradition in my fam- .tD: i1y. I was born a Kurd, and nothing C'O. can ever make me a Turk." >. These two men, both of whom ~ asJted to be identified only by their 8. first names, represent the twin para- ~ aig~s of Kurdish life in Turkey: i ,\).ntijtheir world views can somehow ë pe .reconciled, the Government will Tinct. it all but impossible to resolve 'Ë On~ Ofthe world's bitterest and most ~ intI'àctable ethnic conflict~. . ~ .~'It is a cOnflict that has produced , ~ .fuore than a dozen rebellions over . 'Q). the last 80 years, cost untold ~ amounts of blood and treasure and S p\llarized public opinion here and • Q.l a~road. The current revolt, led for. ~ the last 13 years by the Kurdistan .g~prkers Party, has taken more than 3 20,000 lives, mostly in fighting in ~ .e~tern Turkey. u: . At a recent meeting here in Van, ~ about 50 miles west of the Iranian ~ ..border, senior Turkish military and ~. intelligence officers agreed that the lltonflict cannot be resolved militari- ~ ly. But like countless others who ~flave pondered the problem, they >. failed to find a formula under which .S . Turks and Kurds, the country's two .!!3 principal ethnic groups, could .live -~ together without fighting. !:E The. Kurdish issue is so divisive o that there is even debate about how :;ï many Kurds live in Turkey. A lead- :g. ing demographer, Cern Behar, re" ~ . cently estimated that as many as 10 Q.l million people speak Kurdish. in a E country with a total population of 63 c& million. Several million more Kurds live in Iran, Iraq, Syria and other nearby. countries; concentrated in a

74 Revue de Presse-Press ReVlew-. Berheva ka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentra de la Prensa-Basl11 Özeti region that has historically been whirlpool. known as Kurdistan. "If you speak Kurdish, you be- The decades of revolts since the come Kurdish," he said. "Maybe establishment of the TUrkish Repub- that is what they are afraid of. They lic in 1923 have made Turkish au- don't mind allowing courses in any thorities deeply suspicious of nearly other language, even Japanese, but all Kurdish political, soc~al and cul- when we want to learn our language, tural movements. In their view, the they see it as a threat." .line separating guerrillas . f~m Some prominent Turks have be- peaceful intellectuals and politicians come convinced that the Kurdish often blurs. question can be resolved only if Tur- As recently as 1981, a member of key becomes more democratic. A Parliament was sentenced to three group of them recently formed an years in prison for asserting: "There organization, the Foundation for the are Kurds in Turkey. I am a Kurd." Research of Societal Problems. Ac- Since then - and especially after the cording to its manifesto, it aims at late President Turgut Ozal broke a promoting "democratic pluralism" longstanding taboo by declaring that as an alternative to "authoritarian he was partly Kurdish - laws have Fighting has killed some 20,000 centralism.' , been loosened. It is no longer illegal people in eastern Turkey. It has begun a series of confer- to.speak Kurdish in public or to play ences at which figures on both sides Kurdish music. tionalism fearing such a party would of the Turkish-Kurdish divide seek a Turkish officials often assert that serve as' a wedge for separatists, common platform. Kurds enjoy the same rights as other have used varioUs tactics to assure "The challenge now is. to recon- citizens. Thousands of Kurds are that none survive for long. struct Turkish institutions to make highly successful in many fields, and The People's Democracy Party, this a truly democratic country by some estimates more than one- which is now a principal civilian which embraces multiculturalism, political democracy and the rule of fourth of the members of Parliament voice of Kurdish nationalism, was law" said Dogu Ergil, an essayist are of Kurdish extraction. These subjected to fierce criticism after anl university professor who is the facts make it difficult to argue that someone tore down the Turkish fla~ foundation's director. "Without those Kurds suffer.systematic discrimina- at its 1996convention and replaced It things, the war in the east will go o~, tion. with a guerrilla banner. Criminal Kurdish leaders, however, say the people who benefit from the war Will charg~~ were filed against pa~ path to success is open only to assim- remain powerful and the Kurdish leaders and 31 of them were conVict- problem will never be solved." ilated Kurds. The Government has ed in june of subversive activities strongly resisted Kurdish demands and sentenced to prison terms of up for cultural and political conces- to six years. sions. President Suleyman Demirel The most famous Kurdish prisoner spoke for many Turks when he' in Turkey is Leyla Zana, who was warned that such concessions would among eight members of Parliament lead to "compromise after compro- convicted in 1994on charges of "sep- mise with no end." aratist speech" and supporting ter- The Turkish Republic was founded rorism. She is now serving a IS-year after a rebellion against the terms of prison term. and her supporters re- the 1920Treaty of Sèvres, in France, gard her as a martyr of democracy . under which most of what is now . But many Turks consider the s¥.'m- Turkey was to be divided among pathy for Ms. Zana ludicrousl~ naive. European powers. The trauma of. "Leyla lana is a separatls~ and that experience. has bequeathed to her party was a direct extension of Turks a "Sèvres syndrome," which the guerrilla insurrection," said a Kemal Kirisci, author of a new study former Foreign Minister, Coskun of the Kurdish problem, described as Kirca. "Advocating s~paratism is il- ".the deep belief that the outside legal in Turkey, as it should be. We world is always trying to take the have a very strong desire to keep our country away from you." country from splitting apart as she As a result, many Turks fear that would like." giving autonomy to Kurds would lead In 1991a group of Kurds decided to to demands for independence, and set up a foundation to promote Kurd- that their country would split apart ish culture, and last year it was in themanner of Yugoslavia or the finally given legal status as the Soviet Union. Kurdish Cul~ural and Resea~ch "This is not something unique to Foundation. In May it began offenng Turkey but what is specific here is Kurdish language courses, but the that T~rkey has nurtured this fear courses were quickly shut down by and integrated it into the state appa- the police. The chairman of the foun- ratus so successfully that most pe0- dation, Yilmaz Camlibel, has ~n ple are only now beginning to ques- notified that criminal charges Willbe tion it," Mr. Kirisci said. "In m~y filed against him. ways, the key question in Turkey IS At the foundation's headquarters how to overcome that fear, the fear in Istanbul, the bathrooms are .la- that minorities and minority rights beled Mer and Jin, the Kurdish represent a threat to the unity of the words for men and women. But there country." . are no students to use them, and Mr. Efforts to forge a political party to Camlibel ruminates in his office un- speak for the Kurds have failed sev- der an allegorical painting that eral times. Opponents of Kurdish na- shows Kurds being sucked into a

75 0'\"" ~ SATURDAY,JULY26,1997 (1) Turkish Daily News (::l ~ (1) 1:l.. (1) ...'V (1) Cf) Cf) (1) I Jordan reveals prince had brought Syrian message to Demirel ...'V (1) do something positive for the solution of the Cf) Ambassador Kabariti: 'We will General Cevik Bir, deputy chief of staff. Cf) Kabariti, speaking to the TDN before his problem. But, before the Netenyahu government ~ do our best to mediate between departure for Amman, after ten years in his diplo- leaves power, it is hard to say that positive steps (1) Syria and Turkey' matic post, the last two of which he was the dean could be taken. ;:;;.(::l of the diplomatic society in Ankara, also pointed Those who cannot see beyond their noses e I out that King Hussein and all of his representa- make dialogue impossible. But, until they go, tx:l SAADEI' ORUÇ tives abroad have always served to .normalize much damageswill be done," he said. . (1) Ankara • TurklsbDaJJy international relations. Karabati, at the same time, expressed his ~ News (1) expectation that Turkey will play a major role for c:::! • Saleh Kabariti, Jordanian ambassador to 'sr.ell. Turkish ties peace in the Middle East. "It not only means hav- Cl Ankara, said that his country would do its best ~abariti, also head of the ~egl!lar monthly g~ther- mg a semi-military relation with Israel, you have ~ for the normalization of ties between the. two lOgSof the 17 Arab countnes m Ankara (which . toput your own weight in Israeli policy regarding "Q neighboring countries, Syria and Turkey. . . take place in the Jordanian Embassy), comment- the Arab states," he said. ~ (1)) Kabariti, brother of the former Jordanian prime ed that nothing changed in Turkey's attitude I minister, talkin~ to the Turkish Daily News man regarding Arab countries after it developed closer Iraq and northern Iraq ~ (3" interview on Fnday, said that Jordanian Crown ties, especially in the fields of defense and mili~ Meanwhile, criticizing the ongoing United u;. Prince Hassan Bin Tallal, in his visit to Ankara tary, with Israel. Nations (U.N.) embargo against Iraq, ...... on June 12, brought a message from Syrian Emphasizing that the establishment of a strate- Ambass'ador Kabariti stated that the region'speo- 1::) President Hafiz Assad tohis Turkish counterpart gic cooperation between Turkey and Israel will pie have been sufferin~ from the embargo. Jordan . Cf)...... Süleyman Demirel. . be an odd one considering the relation between IS the only country which has a priority regal'ding 1::) ~ Pointing out that both parts seemed to be Arab'states and Turkey and will do nothing.for the embargo and IS able to conduct limited. ~rAde ~ 1::) adamantly in!favor of this kind of dialogue, he the region, Kabariti also commented that . with Iraq for purposes of local comsumptI6"" I said: "Prince Hassan brought a message from Turkey's strategic cooperation must be with the only. t1 (1) Assad which King Hussein bad received during 17 Arab.states which will serve Turkey's inter- Turkey has also applied to the U.N. for a simi- ;::: his talk with Assad the day before the prince's ests much more. lar exception, on the grounds that the Turkish ...... visit. Demirel and Hassan, in their closed meet- "Turkey is a part of the Middle East. economy is being affected badly by the embaq~o. d 1:l.. ing, widely discussed Syrian-Turkish relations. I sincerely hope that all Arab-Turkish ties will Talking about Turkey' s cross-border operation (1) improve' in the future. We cannot neglect Although the visit was described in the press to in northern Iraq" Kabanti made the following 1::) be onlr co.ncerned with the Turkish cros~-bo~der Turkey," he said. remarks: "In pnnciple, we are against the 'inva- - 'V operation 10 northern Iraq, one of the malO auns Discussing the Middle East Peace Process, the sion' of the Turkish army into Iraqi territories, ~ of the visit was to reduce Turkish-Syrian ten- Jordanian diplomat pointed that the United States regardless of any factors. ;::: Cf) sions." had not done what a superpower should to 40 We also conSider that northern Iraq is an Iraqi 1::) "I came here to represent Jordan's King with regards to the Israeli-Palestanian conflict. I matter and completely a local problem. When it tx:l Hussein and to express his views. Jordan is con- "TheJewish lobby in the United States and all comes to U.S.-British-Turkish sponsored peace 1::) cerned about the operation continuing in northern over the world advances the rights of the Israelis. efforts for northern Iraq, after so many meetings Cf) Iraq," the prince had told reforters. Of course, one of the most important factors in nothing has changed. ~ He met President Demire accompanied by worsening the situation is the Israeli government The Kurdish problem in general is a complex 0: N Sönmez Köksal, the undersecretary of the itself. issue;so that the Turkish, Iraqi and Iranian (1) National Intelliçence Organization (MIT), the Israeli President Ezer Weizmann and the other Kurdish problems must be discussed in the spec- :::-. then Prime Mimster Necmettin Erbakan and . moderate and logical personalities are trying to trum of that complexity." Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Outi

Çiller. Reportedly, Çiller even paid up front an undisclosed sum to Tamraz 50 that he could argue the case for the Baku- Ceyhan oil pipeline to President Clinton, CIA's top Iraq whom Tamraz claimed was a "friend" of bis. But Clinton did not even know Tamraz and thus Tamraz had to go through the hoop to gain access to the White House. On four occasions he managed to do so, manhelped only after contribpting SI71 ,000 to the president's election campaign chest. 'AII that is now a fart of a more genenl Congressiona investigation on campaign finance abuses. To go back to our story - the National Tamraz into Security Council rang a loud alann bell and cut off Tamraz's access. They said Tamraz's plans were not realistic. At that point, Tamraz, through the Democrat~ blationaJ Committee.. contact. White House ed his old r,als at the CIA. Couldn't the "Company' perhaps {)repare a new and improved report on him and send it to NSC to clear the shadow hanging over hi. Tarnraz was once hired by the name? fonner prime minister of Turkey, Ent.r: '8ob' Tansu Çiller. Reportedly, The identity of Tamraz's CIA contact was Çiller even paid up front an a mystery up till now. Washington Post's veteran writer Jim Hoagland, who has undisclosed sum to Tarnraz so been lambasting the CIA without mercy that he could argue the case for for its Iraq fiasco over the last couple of the Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline to months, half-revealed who Tamraz's CIA buddy was - he was "Bob." President Clinton, whom Tamraz "Bob" was the nickname for "the a,ent claimed was a 'friend' of his !n charge of the failed military camralgn ID northern Iraq, agency sources tel me," wrote the Pulitzer-prize winning Hoagland, whose sources are usually a cut OOVaAJaNa above the rtst. w...,.,... TIutirII JWr Ne", "Having sailed throu~h a perfunctory lie detector test on his role In I~ and been • The fates of the rich and not-so-famous put back to work, Bob finds hiS career at sometimes become intertwined in ways risk today not for his work on coup plots that would even the most imaginative [against Saddam Hussein) but for his role Hollywood scriptwliter would envy. in dialing for campaign dollars," Hoagland Think of Roger Tamraz - the interna- wrote on June 24. "Welcome to Clintonian tional oil-man,banker, CIA informer and Washington, Bob," he concluded. INTERPOL fugitive, who was arrested and Or he could have concluded the way tra- released lait month in Georgia. ditional Turkish tales start: "Once there Tamraz wu once hired by the was, and once there wasn't." former prime minilter of Turkey, Tansu PUK's busy schedule visits Sbazad Saib, the PUI('s representative inADbra. TalabaDi WashlnpoD Dext week told the Turkish Daily News on Friday. Talabani is ex~ted to discuss che Ankara Senior PUl{ official said ~, the U.S.-Britain-Turkey s~nsored peace .efforts for N. IraQ, with U.S. officfals. to be visiting Abdullah ÖCalan : The PUl( has &ad concerns about the process for some time, claiming that Turkey wu set to the Â.IIbI'II - TIutiIft DlIIlT Ne", abandon its impartial position, esoecïally after recent cross-bOrder operation of the Turkish army • Jalal T_I__ ni, held of che aortbem kaqi into northern IraQ• Kurdish ~, che PIIriotic UDioa of Kuidistan The Turkish FOreign Ministry and che General (PUK), Will VISitche U.S. capital next week. Staff have said that the operation in northern Iraq

77 Reulle de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rzvista. Stampiz-Dentro de la Prel1sa-Basm Özeti .

was launched at the request of Iraqi Kurdish ,Workers' Party (PKK), Abdullah Ocalan. PUK leader Massoud Barzani. official Saib, however, denied the reports. "y!e: More than SQ,OOOTurkish soldiers p~cipated have no contacts with the PKK," be said. . '. in the operation in an area of northern Iraq con- .In aretate

SUNDAY. JULY 27.1997 . Turkish Da#y News The AKIN group , , ,,' . AKIN is a Washington-based Kurdish'advocacy group which is widely believed by Turkish observers tobe;just a front (~r the outlawed USCongressmen PKK. ., " ', .. i • The PKK is "a vicious terrorist organization,"according to the U.S. State Department, which is since 1984 fighting the Turkish state for the long-term goal of an independent Kurdish stateto be çarved ourof plan topush for Turkish southeast. .". . . . ' . PKK is banned as a terrorist organizàticin in many European coun~ ~es, including Germany and France. ' ,.' , " AKIN, denies any organic relationship between itself and the PKK although AKIN members do not attempt té:>}lide their sympathies for release,. . . of~ Zana. the PKK's cause. ' , , . When AKIN's director Kani Xulam was arrested ~yU.S. federal A letter to President Bill Clinton officials last year on federal charges 9f passport fraud, PKK leader Abdullah ~an was quoted in a Kurdish publicationpublished in is signed by. 100 House members Germany as saying that "withXulam's arrest they'pulled off just one, strand of hair from our head." . .' • WashlngtOD- Turkisb Daily News .One hundred members of the U.S,House of Representatives have agreed to si~ a letter to President Bill Clinton' urging him "to raise [Leyla] lana's case with US to.sellTurkey. the Turkish . " authorities at the highest level and . seek her innnedi": . ate ànd Uilcondi-, tional releàSe" " arms worth$75 ID from prison in, Turkey, according to the American Kurdish InfonnatÏon ... . toequipfrigates Network (AKIN). Leyls Zans The U.S. House has 435 members. Pentagonsemis notification to Congress; four Zana, a former member of the Turkish Sea Hawks may also be transf~ soon Parliament, was tried at a Turkish court "": ". . and found guilty of treason in 1994. ' :~'. She is currently serving a I5-year prison term. ' "uiiuRAKiNo'" .'. ," Some'oftbeHouse members that circu- W.BS~ingtO~."Turkish , Daily News' '. : lated the letter and.urged their coll~es I to sign .Qß. ~ave spoken outfrequentlym the past against Tùrkey on a variety of • The complimentary ,' ., , issues, like John Porter (R) of lllinois,and gestures from. .. I Washington to " "', Frank Wolf(R) ofVirguna.Elizabeth Furse,(I?) <>fOregon aIid Esteban :rorre~ yllmaz government (0) ofCalif9rnia are the other anti-Turkish, . that started with the , members who sponSored the effort. , release of three ' frigates apd removal of '(urkey from scope of n..sA:(IranLibya

78 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro dl; la PreJ/sa-Basm Ö:::eti

Sanctions Act) sanc- to Steam" condition with all combat systems in an tions continued on Friday with another expected operational status." positive development in Turkish-U.S. military Turkey has already received eight Knox class assistance program. frigates in 1993 and 1994. Pentagon on Thursday sent the necessary noti- "Turkey will have no difficulty absorbing these fication to the Congress to sell Turkey $75 mil- weapons and equipment into its naval forces" a lion worth of ammunition and related equipment Pentagon press statement said. 'There are n~ offset package to ~uip the three decommissioned agr;eements proposed in connection with this sale." Peny class frigates that will be transferred to ~ ~.S. government and contractor technical and Turkey. logtstic.s m-coun~ personnel requirements wiD be And that's not all: Sea Hawk helicopters seem determmed foUowmg consultations with representatives to be on their way to Turkey as well. Last year's of the Turkish navy," Pentagon said. frustrating freeze on military transfers is thawing rapidly in the aftermath of Islamist Erbakan gov- SeaHawks ernment' s resignation and the Turkish-Greek A Pentagon official has also confrrmed for TON that "declaration of principles" in Madrid. the State Department also sent on Wednesday the The frigates became an object of controversy required notification to the Congress for the transfer of for the last two years when House International four Sea Hawk navy helicopters to Turkey. and Senate Foreign Relations committees raised objectiOdS to the transfer of these frigates to Turkey, Why different notifications? upon intense pressures exerted by anti-Turkish ethnic "Notification" is a statement of approval prepared by lobbies and some human rights advocacy organizations. the relevant U.S. departments allowing the U.S. One of the frigates will be given on a grant basis. The Congress to put their own stamp of approval on the other two will be leased on a long-term basis. anns ~feQ in .que.s~on. ~pendinç.on ~m~rnre of The crucial mémbers of the Congress, Sen. Paul the sale~ 10 question; the nOtificatio.n IS somethnes'pre- Sarbanes (0) of Maryland and Rep. Benjamin Gilman pared dIrectly by Pentagon and sometimes by the State (R) of New Yark have lifted their objections to the pepartment. A Pentagon official explained to TON that transfer last 'Thursday. Greece will now also be able to Jf the ann sales in question is "commercial" in nature receive three Adams class destroyers which Sen. Jesse then State l>c?~ent's. Export Licensing Bureau p~_ Helms, chairman of the Foreign Relations committee, pares the nobfi<:a~on,,~lth Pentagon' s approval. linked to the delivery of the Turkish frigates. If,however,lt.ls a .go~ernment-ta-government" sale, then the nOtifica~on IS prepared by Penta~on, with Thel. the State .De~ent s approval. The $75 millton anns Ù.S. Department of Defense listed the contents of the ~kage 10 question, for example, is classified as a $75 million anns package as follows: 1) 300 rounds of government-ta-government" sale. 40 nun high explosives; 2) 24,000 rounds of 20 nun Since Sea Hawks, like the denied Super Cobras ammunition; 3) shipyard/port support services and post count as a "commercial" sale, its notification was Pre- transfer activities relating to "hot ship" and "cold ship" pared by the State Department, with Pentaçon's turnover ofthree PERRY class frigates from the U.S. approval. There was no significant opposition to the Navy; 4) U.S. Government and contractor technical and S~ Hawks, the ~entagon official explained, because it logistics'personne1 support services; 5) personnel train- did not draw the Ire of human ri2hts advocates. ing and training equipment, maintenance, repair and 'The ~ opposition to the Super Cobras stemmed calibration services for shipboard equipment; 6) publi- frQm the clatm that they could be used in the Southeast cations and technical data/drawings; 7) support equip- and northern Iraq against Kurdish civilians. That's what ment; 8) spare and repair parts, and 9) "other elements the opponents of the sale argued," the official said. "But of logistics support necessary to prepare the three the S~ Hawks ~ naval helicopters. And it is not PERRY class -frigates for transfer to Turkey in a "Safe financlaIly practical to modify them for the southeast." Think tank: 'Turkey could help Israel launch strikes against Syria and Iran' ~ ~ -c~ l!f -- .>0 ~ 5... The Policy Watch paper on Turkish-Israeli >' Military Cooperation ~nned by military analyst ~ ~ Michael Eisenstadt said Turkish cooperation ~ w:_'ashJngto ß__Turtlsb_OOUR__ DaJ1_AKlN_ry_N_e~_ may enable Israeli jets to launch strilces against ~ ~ iL__ Iranian nonconventional targets near Tehran, as well as c(eate serious difficulties for Syria on .A military strategic analysis issued by the land, sea and air in case of a war over the Golan Washington Institute for Near East Policy Heights. detailed the possible repercussions of the military cooperation agreement signed between Turkey Dimensions of cooperation and Israel in February and August 1996. The pos- Eisenstadt said the Turkish-Israeli military sibilities mentioned are not the kind that will cooperation agreement, although its exact con- gladden many hearts in Tehran and Damascus. tents are still a secret, consisted of "protocols

79 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

regarding officer exchanges, visits by military dele- and Golan in wartime, Eisenstadt said. Just by tying gations,naval port calls, access to training areas, up those Syrian troops in north, like it did Iraqi troops Joint air and naval training, cooperation in the areas during GulfWar, TUrkey can again help Israel, of counter-terrorism and border security, and defense Eisenstadt said. industrial cooperation. In addition, Israel and Turkey are believed.to have strengthened longstanding intelli- Air help gence ties." Turkey could also help the Israeli Air Force in war againstSyria: -. Striking Iran ''In the air, Turkey could allow damaged Israeli . After mentioning the frequently. reported Israeli- . aircraft to land at Turkish air bases and permit Israeli Turkish cooperation on upgradÏ!lg Turkish Phantom combat search-and-rescue crews trained to snatch . F-4s and Popeye missiles, etc.; E1SeI1Stadtexplained downed pilots to o~rate from its soil. This would the ways in which Turkey may be helping the Israeli allow the Israeli Air Force to be more aggressive and Air Force get ready for deep strikes into Iran: take greater risks when attacking targets IDnorthern "The air force training exchange agreement calls Syria." . for Israeli aircraft to train in Turkey four times a year. "It could likewise allow Israeli attack helicopters, . During the first visit, in April of last year, eight Israeli aircraft, and commandos hunting Syrian Scud Missile F-16 fighters spent a week at Akinci air base near launchers in northern and central Syria to operate Ankara. Such visits are mutuallr beneficial. They . from Turkish stagin~ areas, and it could allow Israel enable the Israelis to gain expenence flying long- to use the series of air bases that run parallel to its range missions over mountaInous areas (a skill that border with Syria for combat missions, raisinS the would be necessary for missions over Iran), and pr0- r.>ssibility of attacks against Syria by way of lts vide greater 0.pportunities for overland training than weak underbelly.' This could compel Syria to reor- are available IDa small country like Israel. This ganize its air defenses - oriented pri.marily to deal enables pilots torefine their competitive skills, since with Israeli threats from the southwest or. west - to it is much barder fQI'pilots to visUally identify enemy enhance coverage of the north of the country. aircraft over land than over water. Thickening air defense coverage in the north will ''Israel has reportedly established intelligence lis- mean thinning coverage of the center and southwest' tening pQsts (along the Turkish-Iran border), and of the country." . Turkish cooperation would ~tly facilitate Israeli air "For its part, Tûrkey might exploit the opportunity strikeson Iran's nonconventional weapons infrastruc- offered b~ a war to launch air strikes on PKK targets ture, much of which is located near Tehran. (Israeli in Syria,' he added. . aircraft could stage from and/or refuel over Turkey, greatly increasing their striking range)," Eisenstadt Not realistic now said. , . . The Washington institute analysis concluded that such scenarios, although not realistic currently, still Intelligence links will have a psychological impact on the adversaries in Israel and Turkey were also previouslyreported to the region. Turkey could still help Israel throu~yas- share intelligence data concerning their mutual adver- sive support and IDtelligence sharing, 'and proVlding saries, like Syria. "Israel is also reportedly helping refuge for damaged Israeli aircraft and warships, for Turkey to' secure its border against Kurdish PKK example. [Kurdistan Workers' Party] terrorists operating from "(Current) political realities JUle out Israeli aircraft bases in Syria, Iraq,. and Iran, drawing on its.own and warships operating from Turkish territory in . experience in securing its border agamst terroristS in wartime. Turkey woufd gain little by openly support- South Lebanon." . ing the Israeli war effort, which would make TlIrkey a target for Syrian retribution (i.e. more terrorism) and Hitting SyrIa . Arab political censure. Turkey is, therefore, more , The paper said Syria has much to consider now in likely to quietly render assistance to the Israeli war case of a future war.. . ,. effort, providing intelligence, missileearly-warning ''Though neither agreement signed thus far is data, and refuge for damaged Israeli aircraft or war- believed to contain provisions for joint contingency ships. In this way, it will help Israel punish a ttouble- , planning or war-fighting, the {>Osslbility that Turkey some neighbor an~ the good will of Israeli politi- could assist Israel ID wartime 15 a complicatin~ cal and military 1 . without incurring major Syria .has to consider. Inthe future, President . risks." '. . will have to face the possibility of fighting Israel in "To the degree that this enhances Israeli (and the Bekaa and/or the Golan, while looking over his Turkish) deterrence, it will have a tangible impact on shoulder toward Turkey." the balance of forces in the region, even if current Turkey does not have to l'articipate in a war to help political and military realities preclude a formal Israel. The two or three diVlsions located near Homs alliance between the two countries," the analysis con- and Aleppo that are earmarked to reinforce the Bekaa . cluded.

80 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

u.s. Won't Oppose Trans-Iran Pipeline $1.6 Billion Gas Project Would Ease Tehran's Economic Isolation

pipeline passing thrÖugb its territory. By Dan Morgan The Caspian Sea reaion .holds the Industly analysts also expect other ~orld' s largest oilllld gas reserves out- and David H. Ottaway co~panies such ~ Mobil Corp., Washington Post S~rvic~ side the Gulf, but Mos4:o)V historically which has a production-sharing con- has looked on these resources as a leas- tract in Turkmenistan, to profit from WASHINGTON ~ The Clinton ad- term reserve for its own needs. any opening of thatlandlocked coun- ministration has decided not to oppose a Russia has been the traditional market try. But any perceived overtures to $1.6 billion pipeline that would carry for Turkmenistan's gas reserves the huge quantities of Central Asian natural Iran risk stirring passions in Con- world's third-largest. For that ~n a gress, with U.S. investigators now gas across Iran, in the fust significant ~-Iranian pipeline would advanc~ a easing of WashingtOn' s economic iso- looking into a possible link between maJ~ goal of U.S. policy, to provide Iran and the bombing of a U.S. mil- lation of the Tehran government, ac- multiple outlets for Caspian energy re- cording to U.S. officials and other serves that do not run across Russian itary compound in Saudi Arabia that sources. territory, U.S. officials said. Amer- caus~d the deaths of 19 American The 3,200-kilometer (2,OOO-mile) ican officials made it clear they servicemen last year. pi~line project, now being undertaken would prefer non-Iranian 'routes for The administration' s acceptance of With taCit U.S. llC

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, MONDAY,JULY 28, 1997

81 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Rich or Poor, Kurds in Turkey Are Torn by Age- Old Identity Struggle

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officers agreed that the conflict cannot 1920Treaty of Sevres. in France. under By Stephen Kinzer be resolved militarily. Like countless which most of what is now Turkey was Neu- Yo,.k 'Iimcs Sl'I'ric(' others who have pondered the problem, to be divided among European powers. VAN; Turk,ey - More than 1.600 they failed to find a formula under which That trau'ma has bequeathed to Turks a kilometers separate a defiant peasant Turks, and Kurds could live together "Sevres syndrome," which Kemal Kir- named Baran, who lives in a refugee's without fighting. isci, author of a study on the Kurdish hovel outside Van, in eastern Turkey, The Kurdish issue is so divisive that problem, described as. "the deep belief from'a polished andsuccessful Istanbul there is even debate about howtnany that the outside world is always trying'to je~eler named Cemal. Kurds live in Turkey. A leadingdemo- take the country away from you." , The gap in perception and experience grapher, Cern Behar, recently estimated Many Turks fear that giving auton- is even wIder. All theyhave in cornmon that as many as 10 million people speak omy to Kurds would lead to demands for is that they are Kurds in Turkey; Kurdish in a country with a total pop- ,independence, anc,i that their country "I am a Kurd but what difference does ulation of 63 million. Several million would split apart like Yugoslavia . that make?" asked Cemal as hesat be- . more Kurds live in Iran, lt:aq, Syria and Efforts to forge a political pàrty to hind a glass case full of gold bracelets other nearby countries. speak for the Kurds have failed several and earrings. "I'm Turkish. I love Tur- The decades of revolts since the es- times. Opponents of Kurdish national- key. Never once have I had a problem tablishment of the Turkish Republic in ism, fearing suéh a party would serve as l;>ecauseIhappen to have Kurdish blood. 1923 have made Turkish authorities sus- a wedge .for separatists, have used vari- Everyone is equ~ in this country." picious ofnearly all Kurdish political, ous.tactics to assure that nohe survive for . .To Baran, who fled his ancestral vil- . social and cultural movements. In their long. . lage rather th~ be pressed into thepri>- .view, the line separating guerrillas from The People's Democracy Party, government villageguards, things look peaceful inteUectuals and politicians of. which is now a principal civilian voice of very different... . ten blurs. Kurdish natioOlilism, was subjected to . "My:identity as a Kurd is the most .As recently aS,1981, a member -pf fierce criticism after someone tore down precious thing lhaye, ~'.he said as his son , Parliament was sentenced to three years the Turkish flag at its 1996 convention listenedsoleninly. "If I give up that for asserting: "There are,Kurds in Tur- and replaced it with aguerrilla bllnner. identity, I can do anything in this coun-, key. I am a Kurd." Since then ,,- and Criminal charges were filed against try, even becom~,'president. especially after the late President Turgut party leaders, and 31 of them were con- ,"But no matter what they do)o me, I Ozal broke' a long taboo :})ysaying he victed in June of subver.sion and sen- will never abandon,ahun4red gener- was partly Kurdish - laws have been tenced io termsof up to six years. ations of ,tradition in my family. Iwas eased. It is no longer iÜegal to. speak The most famous Kurdish prisoner in born a Kurd, and 1)othingcan ever make Kurdishin public or to play Kurdish turkey is Leyla Zana. who was ,among me a Turk...... :. . music. eight members of Parliament convicted The!>etwo men, bOth of whom asked Turkish officials: oftenas~ért that in 1994 on charges' of .. separatist to be identified only by,jJteir frrst names, Ku.rds enjoy the same rights' as other speech" and supporting terrorism. r~pr~sent th~in p~adi~ms. of Ku~dish citizens.Thousands of Kurdsare suc- In 1991. a group of Kurds decided to cessfulin many fields, .and by .some set up a foundation to promote Kurdish life to Turk~i1)nttl therr world VIew!>. can somehow;:.'be:reconciled, .the gov- estimates morethan.a fourth ofthe mem- culture~and last year it was finally given ernmentwill:Wi.4itall but impossible to bers of Parliament are of Kurdish ex- lega,lstatus as the Kurdish Cultural and resolve one of the wor;ld's most bitter traction. This makes it difficultto argue Research Foundation .. and intractable'ethnic.cdnflicts. , that Kurds suffer discrimination. . .In May, it began offering Kurdish Itis a conflict th~t has producedmore . . Kurdish leaders, hQwever, say the language courses. but the courses were. than a dozen rebéUions o.ver .the las180 : path to success is open only to assim- quickly shut down by the police. The years, costuntold~amouitts.of~lood and' ilated Kurds. The .government has chairman of the fOlindation. Yilmaz treasure and.p61a.rïzed opipiQI}.here and .strongly resisted Kurdish demands for Camlibel, has beep notified that criminal abroad. The c!1tœ.ntrèvolt, Iêd for the cultural 'and pOlitical concessions. Pres_ charges will be filed against him: last 13 yearS by the KùrdiStaii.Workers ident Suleyrnan Demirel spOkef.ormany "Ifyou speak Kurdish, you become Party, :hastaken more than 20,000 lives, Turks when hewa.med that such con- Kurdish," he said. "Maybe that is what mostly in eastefl11ùrkey.. . cessions would lead to "compromise' they are afraid of.They.don't mind al- . At a reeentmeeting in'Vllfi' abOut 80 after compromise with no end. " . lowing courses in any other language, kilo~eters (50 riùles) west ';of Iran, se- The Turkish Republic. w'as founded even Japanese but when we want to learn nior Turkish militarY and intelligence after a rebellion a~ainst the terms of the our language, they see it as a threat."

INTERNATIONAL. . 'HERALD TRIBUNE,. MONDAY,. JuLY 28,1997

82 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Monday, July 28. 1997 Turkish Daily News Dar orces, con use •Issues, sanguine• pre •Ictlons• 'ThemiUtaryappar,ently have "many of the successes, as well as the 'dered that one failures, of Turkey in the 1980s and 1990s never consl are a memorial to the often underrated reason why poll'tl'cl'anshav character of this typical Turkish army . e officer." Turgut Özal, who in a sense rode become so irresponsible is to power on the general' s shoulders, was, by comparison, "a showy civilian." because the army commanders, ~'...Turgut Özal was to take most of the Roger like overbearing parents, have international credit for building the so- called Turkish economic miracle of the Norman refused to allow them u"imate ~980s. But the fact remains that the 'b'l'ty f th' &; I ground was cleared and guarded by reSpOnSIIl or elr aCllons Evren, the 'peasant pasha', plodding fter a brief and exhilarating president and anti-terrorism crusader gallo.p over the centuries of who could boast in his diary that he had steppes and Seljuks, an Wh.r. have all the kept the same formica dining table for enjoyable canter among the prlnclpl.s gone? twenty years ..... Ottomans and a swift trot Nicole and Hug~ Pope. (the latter of whom. The Popes are not alone among Athrough the Atatürk years, Turkey appe~ed, e!lgagmgly, m the pages of the mformed foreign observers, to evince a Unveiled" reins in as it approaches the Tur~sh DaIly News on the day of t~e cautious admiration t'or the Turkish mili- sixties and thereafter gives the impression b?Ok s launc~ as Huge Pope) have mter- tary, "the single institution most trusted of negotiating an obstacle course. Not that vIewed practIcally everyone ?f note - by the Turk in the street." "Even the . .. . , Turgut Ozal, Kenan Evren, Süleyman d T ki h K It n~gotIates It badly, but It s a tall order Demirel, Bülent Ecevit Al arslan TU k oppresse ur surds in the south-east to gIve a coherent account of the confu- Necmettin Erbakan T~su ~iller Ap~ e~, distinguish clearly between the often sion of issues and profusion of political Öcalan, Massoud B'arzani, Doga~ Güre~ s~an.da~ous be~aviour of the police and groupings characteristic of modem Ya~ar Kemal and Orhan Pamuk, to nam~ dISCIplIned UnIts of soldiers," they point Turkey. Uthe book were.aimed at the but a few - and clearly know their way ~ut..But they are also ~~are that t~e con- specialist, it might have been less con- around the tangled skems of Turkish tmumg power of the mdltary-donunated cerned to introduce all the parties and to p~liticallife. It .therefore comes as some- National Se~u~ty. Council is a threat to outline all the major areas of debate, but thmg of ~ surpnse t~at none ~f these char- democ~acy m !~dIrect as well as direct the target is the general reader and no pre- act~rs, WIth th~ p~.Ial exceptIon. of Özal, ways. Th~ nulItary apparently have vious knowledge is therefore assumed. achIeve much mdlVldual stat~re m the nev.e~~onsldered that one reason why The result it must be admitted is some- ~akgesof aknthebook.IAtkfirsft thIS seemed pOhtICIanShave become so irresponsible '. ' .li e a we ess, a ac 0 anecdote an is because th d l'k what ~ortuous, WIth the narra~ve con.tinu- objectivity tending to grayness, but it ma . e army comman ers, I e a~ly dIsturbed by the need to msert dISCUS-in fact be a:true r~flection of the nature ot overbew:ng parents, h.a,:e.refused t? allow Sions of womens' rights, the Alevi minor- conteniporary ;Turkish politics;. with the the!TIul~~ate responslblhty for theIr ity, the oil pipeline question, the rise of deac! weight of procedural complexity and actIOns. the Islamists, the complexities of the situ- parliamentary arithmetic, the jealOUSIes ation in northern Iraq a short history of .and the backstabbings.confining and ~hlch dark forces? Cyprus and so on To'rheir credit the ~finmg wli~cal debate. In a rare NIcole and H~gh Pope clearly feel a great th h . . . .' mOQ1entof candour, the Popes write inde.al of affectIon for Turkey. They like its au ?rs ave .o~tted h~e of.Importance, th~iic.pncb1sion: '~By the late 1990s all "nch complexit~," the "amazing adven- ~d In the opm.IOn,?~thIS revlewer~ sense of principle and moral standar'ds ture of change,' the compassion, the Turkey UnveIled IS~e best avatla~l~ had left Turkish politics," and accuse humour, th~ "sense .of the tragic" and, like general account of the hIstOry and polItIcs recent Turkish leaders of "long-term ?ther ~ongtlme foreIgn residents, they are of postw~ Turkey, strongly recommend- political irresponsibility." ImpatIent of theßib criticis~ fired at ed as an mformed and balanced account Interestingly, Kenan Evren receives :rurkey fr?~ pomts w~st. ThIS pu.ts them of what's been going on here in recent sympathetic treatmentfrom the authors 10the I?ositlon, s.ometimes, of actIng as decades. "His critics have cast him as an ogre'" apologIsts for th10gs they would ~robably th . b .. .. . ' rather not countenance. They renund us ey wnte, ut gIve It as theIr opinIon that quite properly, that aspects of Turkish life

83 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

"overlap with the rougher practices of (Turkey's) Middle Eastern neighbors," and that there are still "dark, sometimes murderous elements at work who believe in imposing their ideologies on the coun- .try.by force." Ho, hum. One won<;l~rs ... 'whiCh elements exactly. Not the military, obviously, and not. apparently the Islamists, at least in their officiai manifestations. Erbakan is "wily and opportunistic" and "a despotic leader" within his party, but there is considerable sympathy for the achievements of the grassroots organizations which try to "give dignity to those left behind by Turkey's economic boom," and of the Welfare-controlled municipalities. Particular a,ttention is drawn to the "intellectually advanced" women activists within the.Welfare Party who combine religious belief witha sincere compassion. for the downtrodden and voiceless. The emergence of the Welfare Party (RP) as . the first party of Turkey is seen by the authors of Turkey Unveiled" not as an upsurge of fundamentalist extremism, but as resulting from the weakness and corruption'ofthe other parties as well as from an inevitable reaction to the severity of the Kemalist s'eculanst ideal. The Popes note, however, that the RP stopped short of condemning the Sivas massacre of July, 1993 and wonder whether'.the party under Erbakan will manage to control its less moderate elements. .

One-sided attitudes No doubt, the "dark forces" are to be sought among the extreme ultranational- ists (thl' "~i'1iqt'r" Grey Wolves). amnn!! the m~ln) m.ltïa~ and the "state gangs," among pro-Hezbollah activists, but "Turkey Un veiled" understandably avoids unveiling such matters. It is also judicious in its coverage of the Kurdish i.~sue,but whatever else could it be? qca~an collects a series of uncompromis- Ing Judgements. Barzani compared him to Idi Amin, Barzani's nephew referred to him as "totally crazy" and Talabani called him "a madman." In an interview with Hürriyet newspaper, Öcalan for his part "Tur1

to grayness, but it may in fact be Madame Mitterrand comes in for some implied criticism for unleashing expecta- It comes as something of a a true reflection of the nature of tions that neither she nor anyone else surprise that none of the main contemporary Turkish politics, could satisfy, and for being content with a very one-sided attitude toward a complex .characters, with the partial wit~ the dead weight of procedural issue. "If she wanted a fresh view, she

84 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti chose not to look for it," the authors tell circles in Central Asia, in Russia oandelse- sounds like damning with faint praise, the us and, more tellingly, report the episode where, the mushroo~n~ of Turkish non- chapter that precedes the conclusion sug- in which Mme. Mitterrand's own transla- g

environment and the 1Ocreas1Ognumbers ç 0 (b ')' obI nationalist perspective" that an argument of Turks rec~iving training and impibing at relonrung or ypass10gan ImJX.>ssl y blew up in which he was asked to leave. ideas in the West. "The Turkish popula- cumbers0thme~ureau.crh~cy,the hou~1Og "Madame Mitterrand has lit a light for tion," they say, "... is learning to speak program, e astorns mg success 10 con- us," said one Kurdish writer, but.although up." verting the Turks into a thorQughly busi- they do not directly say so, one suspects Let's hope they're right. Yet one won- ness-minded people," tax reform, the free- that the Popes think it might haye been ders whether the major division within the ing of foreign travel - all these ate better if she had not. After all, Ocalan country will prove to be not that between roundly applauded. himself was saying a year later that "there the affluent west and the impoverished And there is evidence that the Popes, is no question of separating from east but between the sectors of the popu- who interviewed Özal in 1989 and twice Turkey." The writer who spoke of Mme. lation able and willing to jump on the var- during the following year, found him a Mitterrand's light, incidentally, was "shot ious bandwagons headed for a Western- colorful and attractive personality. dead in September 1992 at the age of 76, style prosperity and those who, for one Certainly he comes alive i~ these pages probably by a state-tolerated death reason or another, are unable to do so. much more vividly than Demirel or squad." The accumulation of conspicuous wealth Ecevit. He liked driving fast in fast cars As usual, the origins of the conflict in seems to accelerate year by year and cases with arabesk music blaring from the the Southeast are sought historically - in of extreme or relative poverty show few stereo. "Come on Semra," he was once the international scheming of the first signs of declining. overheard saying to his wife as they decades of this century, in the Kurdish "We used to have a collective con- climbed aboard their BMW, "stick on a rebellions during the flI'st years of the sciousness," the Popes quote Korkut Özal cassette and let's have some fun." He republic and in the brutality with which as saying. "We lost it in the Kemalist rev- enjoyed food and Courvoisier brandy and they were suppressed, as well as in ner- olùtion." And the writer Murat Belge bold moves that surprised even his closest vously shortsighted policies of successive claims that "since military discipline associates. When he applied for Turkish Turkish governments almost ever since. replaced personal standards, there is no membership of the European Union in The Popes emphasize that the great morality left. Society lacks a social pro- 1987, it was done,the Popes tell us, majority of Turkish .Kurds neither liv~ in ject for the future. against the advice of almost every. ambas- the Southeast nor WIsh to see a separate Individuals only have private pro- sador in Ankara. "In Turkey," Ozal said, Kurdish state. This is und~niably true, and jects." The flI'st modem factory in the "a politician should have a big heart, and should be properly apprecIated by out- Kyrgyz Republic, the Popes tell us, was il an even bigger stomach to absorb the siders taking an interest in the Kurds' Coca-Cola bottling plant financed and punches." predicament, yet the reader of Turkey built by a Turkish businessman. This Perhaps a few more years are needed Unveiled" cannot but. be aware .of the. "~ymbolized all that the Turks had shown before a fair assessment of the "Özal rev- quandary faced by wnters of a lIberal dIS- they could do best in the east." No doubt olution" can be made. Those who remem- position who live and work in Turkey it does, but among those who will wish to ber the grim chaos of the late 1970s tend when dealing with the Southeast. No applaud the enterprise, there will be oth- to be indulgent toward Özal, and those intelligent observer can fail to be horrified ers who will f10d a bitterish irony in the who see in the free market economy the at the crassness of certain official poli- tale. If only it could have been something panacea for all ills tend to forgive the man cies, yet only those making no pretence of other than Coca-Cola! his excesses and his mistakes. "Turkey impartiality or those ignorant of local Unveiled" accuses him of "obstinacy, conditions and regional history can see egotism ad short-sightedness" as he the matter in black and white. "Turkish 'Whatever reactionary outrages "clung to office," and describes him as ~urds have been oppressed by their own being "saved" by the Gulf Crisis - and tribal society, by their tribal lords, by the politicians. the police and the by his typically rapid and robust reaction their poverty," the Popes rightly point out. ml'laary may 'Inflicton Turkey _ to it - yet yo~ get a clear sense that the Il authors view Özal' s contribution as the Collective consclousn.ss including the ever-present most invigorating since Atatürk, and For this intractable issue, and forother something more than this as well. There almost equally knotty problems,' the possibilftyof further milftary are a number of references in the book to authors of"Turkey Unveiled" appear to interventions - there islittle they the "heavy burden" of Atatürk's "contro- believe, or at least to hope, that a broadly- versiallegacy," to the idea that although based economy, an increasingly well-edu- cated and politically active citizenry and can do to stop the people's Atatürk's policies may have been appro- the ever-strengthening ties between ith th priate for the '20s and '30s, Kemalism Turkey and the wider world will keep the convergence w . e rest itself has become somehow fossilized, too country on the right track. "Whatever of the world' rigidly secularist. reactionary outrages the politicians, the The implication is that the Turkey of police and the military may inflict on the '80s needed Özal, or someone like Turkey - including the ever-present pos- A big h•• rt .~d • big stomach him, to blow away some cobwebs and sibility of further military interventions - If there is a hero of"Turkey Unveiled" it unloose some shackles. But there were there is little they can do to stop the peo- is probably Turgut Özal. It's true that the casualties of the Özal revolution too, and ple's convergence with the rest of the authors readily admit Ozal's failings and one wonders how far "principles and world," the Popes write in their conclud- failures, and their summing-up is cau- moral standards" in politicallife were mg paragraph. They stress theeconomic tious. "The benefits have probably out- among them. enterprise showed by Turkish business weighed these failings," they write. If this

85 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

Die türkischenMedien. . unter. staatlichem, Dmck Reformversprechen der neuen Regierung '1i1 keinem Land der Welt sind mehr Journalisten in Haft als in der Türkei. Türkische Medienleute sind zudem häufig das Ziel von polizeilicher Gewalt Die neue Regierung hat eine begrenzte Amnestie fùr inhaftierte kedaktoren beschlossen und den Schutz der Presse- .ff'). freiheit versprochen. Solange die Machthaber aber nicht bereit sind, Tabuthemen diskutieren zu l~sen, kann von Meinungsfreiheit keine ~ede sèin.

A. R. Ankara, im Juli Die .Situation der türkischen Presse ist voller Widerspruche. Auf der einen. Sei'tebesitzt .das Straflosigfœit im Mord/all Göktepe? Land eine reichhaltige Medienlandschaft - das Angebot der Kioske -'811Zeitungen und bunten A. R. Eine Vorstellung von der Einäugigkeit der . Magazinen ist üppig, auf der nationaler Ebene. türkischen Justiz 8ïbt der Fall des im Januar 1996 konkurrieren 16 Fernsehstationen und 35 Radio- . getöteten Journalisten' Metin Göktepe. Göktepe, sender mireinander,und die türkischen Journali~ . Reporter einer linken Tageszeitung, war bei der sten geniessen Freiräume in der Berichterstattung, Berichterstattung über eine Demonstration zusam- von denen ihre Kollegen in den östlichen men mit Hunderten von Personen festgenommen Nachbarländern nur träumen. können. Auf der . unddann in Polizeigewahrsam zu Tode geprügelt anderen Seite stellt die Türkei regelmässig. trau- worden. Die Affike sorgte ror. grosses Aufsehen rige Rekorde auf, wenn es um die Zahl der einge- und fllhrte zur Anklagegegen 48 Polizisten. Voil' ihnen stehen Il unter Mordanklage, Bis zum heu- kerkerten Journalisten oder um jene der behörd- . tigen Tag hat sich keiner der Polizisten vor Gericht lich geschlossenen Medienbetriebe geht. Laut verantworten müssen. Dies,. obwohl in dem Pro- dem in New York ansässigen Committee to Pro- zess bereits 6 Anhörungen stattgefunden haben tect Journalists (CPJ) wareriin der Türkei ,zu und obwohl der Richter ... mit grosser Verspätung Jahresbeginn .78 Journaliste~ in Haft.. Dies. si~d - gegen 5 :Personen Haftbefehl erlassen hat. mehr als in Athiopien, China, Kuw3.1t Nlgena Anderthalb Jahre nach dem Tod Göktepes laufen und Burma zusammen, die in der CPJ-Rangliste die der Tat dringend Verdächtigten noch immer die nächsten Plätze eiimehmen; Die Organisation frei herum. Zur Verzögerungstaktik der Justiz ge- ist der Ansicht,dass die hllufige Kriminalisierung hört, dass der Prozessort «aus SicherheitsgrOn- von Medienleuten den Anspruch der Türkei ver~ den» zweimal in andere Städte verlegt wurde. Auf ~potte ein demokratischer Staat zu sein. Für ein den -Fall angesprochen, stellte Ministerpräsident Land ' das die Aufnahme in die EU fordert, ist Yilmaz den. Prozessverlauf als fragwürdig hin. diese' Bilanz in der Tat bes~ämend. . AnderePolitiker sind nicht so aufgeschlossen. Justizminister "Sungurlu gab sich in dieser Frage Zuneluilende Repression unwissend, up.d der Parlamentspräsident, Kalemli, . Betroffen smd in erster Linie Reporter; Redak- glaubt nicht, dass im Fall Göktepe Fehler began- gen wurden. . . toren und Kolumnisten prokuntischer und extrem linker Zeitungen. Die' zahlreichen Gesetzestexte. . Straßosigkeit filr die inzwischen vom Dienst . die einVorgehen gegen unbequeme. Autoren er- ., suspendierten Polizisten wäre ein verheerendes möglichen, werden dazu mi~sbr~:ucht, umalle. Signal ..Die Regierung, die sich sonst gern mit dem Einschätzungen über den. Krieg m densüdost. .Hinweis auf dieUnabhäDgigkeit "der Gerichte 'als iürkischèn Kurdengebieten. die nicht der offIZiel- ~nzustänWg erklärt, ~,:~jc~ ..4i.eliDl~.ni~t aiJ~ " len" Linie entsprechen, als Propaganda für é:lie der Verantwortung stehlen, denn. es obliegt" der PKK-Rebellen. alS Geflbrdung der nationalen Polizei, die Täterdingfest zu machen und dem :Einbeit oder als Aufnlf zum Rassenhass zuklassi. Richter zuzufilhren. Yilmazliat letzte Woche dem flZieren. Diè Justiz verwendet dieses" Arsenal - Innenniinister einen entsprechenden Auftrager- . vor allePl das Antiterrorgesetz von 1991 und Arti- . teilt. Am Donnerstag. sinnigerweise dem Tag der ~el 312 des Strafgesetzbuches - zunehme~d auc~ Presse, fand die bisher letzte Verhandl\!1lg statt. gegen die.etablierten •.aup.ages~ken M~dlen: Seit Die Anklagebank blieb einmal mehr"unbesetzt. Anfang Juli stehen beispielsweise der Elge~tümer. ein Redaktor und .ein Korrespondent der liberalen Die ùn Juni abgetretene Regierung des Islami- Tageszeitwig «Yeni Yüzyil» wegen ~ep~tismus.' sten Erbakan hat in ihrer einjährigen Amtszeit. propagandaund Unterstützung emer illegalen niéhts getan, umdie Pressefreiheit zu stärken. im Gruppe unter AIiklage.' weil sieein Interview mit Gegenteil. Laut dem Vorsitzendendes türkisc~en einem angeblichen Mitglied einer bewaffneten Presserats. Oktay Eksi. hat sich .die Situation islamistischen Organisation veröffentlicht batten. .unter Erbàkan eindeutig verschleChtert. Türkische Der Zeitung droht die Schliessung. Journalisten des laizistischen Lagers werfen der .Fast gleichZeitig wlrrde' ein Karikaturist wegen. früheren RegierUng neben der Duldung von Ge-. Beleidigung des Militärs zu einer Haftstrafe von. waltakten gegen Verlage und Medienleute vot elf Monaten verurteilt, weil er in einem Cartoon. allem vor. eine Einschüchterungskampagne be- die ."" seit dem Susurluk-Skandal vom letzten trieben zu haben. In d~r Tat wusste sich die Herbst bestens belegten - Verbindungen zwischen Regie!Ung

86 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dcntro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

Schutz der Pressefreiheit engagieren, haben Mitte ~ejVÜSst, zum Teil aber au~ als .ungenügend kri- Juli die TOrkei besucht und die neue Regierung tiSiert worden. Geplant s10d 10 dieser ersten von Ministerpräsident Yilmaz sowie andere wich- Phase keine Gesetzesänderungen, sondern ledig- tige politische Exponenten mit ihren Bedenken lich die bedingte Aufbebung von Haftstrafen so- konfrontiert. Sie forderten unter anderem die wie die Suspendierung von laufenden Prozessen. Neubeurteilung der Rille von inhaftierten Journa- Machen sich die Redaktoren innerhalb von drei listen und die Aufbebung von Gesetzesnormen, Jahren wieder des gleichen «Verbrechens)) schul- auf Grund deren Medienleute verfolgt werden. dig, wandern ~i~ erneut ins Geflln~. Die ge- Der Fall des früheren Chefredaktors der pro- plante Amnestie 1Stdaher höchstens eme humani- kurdischen Tageszeitung «ÖzgOr Gündem», Ocak täre Geste, aber keine echte' Liberalisierung. !sit Yurtcu, ist in den letzten Monaten zum Sym" bol geworden rur die unhaltbare Gerich~praxis in Ein Dschungel von Strafnormen der Türkei. Yurtcu verbüsst derzeit eine fast 16jährige Haftstrafe, weil er die Publikation von Ob Yilmaz sein Versprechen einlösen kann, Artikeln erlaubte, die Kritik am Vorgehen gegen nach der Sommerpause die Revision' medien- die kurdischen Rebellen übten. Von den 32 Ver- feindlicher Gesetzesparagraphen an die Hand zu fahren, die gegen Yurtcu angestrengt wurden, nehmen, ist ungewiss. Nicht nur der berüchtigte sind einige noch im Gang, so dass sich seine Frei- Artikel 8 des Antiterrorgesetzes, der Propaganda heitsstrafè verlängern könnte. «Niemand in der gegen die Einheit des Staates unter Strafe stellt, Welt ist je zu so vielen Jahren Gefängnis verurteilt sondern das gesamte Dickicht von angeblich rund worden fùr Artikel, die andere geschrieben 15~ ~on;nen, die zur Einschränkung der .:Presse- haben», wird Yurtcu vom CPJ zitiert. Sein Fall ist frelhelt emgesetzt werden können, mÜ$ste gelich- keine Ausnahme. Die Reporters sans Frontières tet werden. Der Ministerpräsident deutete zudem nennen das Beispiel des Anfang Jahr verhafteten die ~otwendigkeit von Verfassungsänderungen BOlent Balta, der die unterdessen geschlossene an, die das Parlament nur mit Dreifünftelmehr- «Özgür GOndem)) während knapp zweier Wo- h~it ~chliessen lœ"on. Im Vordergrund dürfte chen geleitet hatte. Die kurze Zeit reichte aus, um hier Artikel14 stehen, der unter anderem die ter- eine Lawine von elf Prozessen vor dem Staats- ritoriale Integrität des Staates höher gewichtet als sicherheitsgericht gegen ihn auszulösen, die bis- die verfassungsmässigen Freiheitsrechte und da- her Haftstrafen von 46 Monaten zur Folge hatten. mit ebenfalls gegen die Berichterstattung über kurdische Autonomieforderungen verwendet wer- Die Regierung Yilmaz räumt eio, dass die Lage den kann. Die Machtposition von Yilmaz' Min- der Journalisten verbessert werden muss. Wohl derheitsregierung ist prekär, und die Gefahr ist auch unter dem gewachsenen internationalen grass, dass sie selbst bei gutem Willen an den par- Druck hat. sie rasch gehandelt und vergangene lamentarischen Hürden scheitern wird. Woche eine Vorlage zuhanden des Parlaments verabscbiçdet, welche die Freilassung einiger Ge- Voraussetzung fùr ein Ende der Verhaftungen fangener -~eRede ist vonetwa acht - ermögli- sind ohnehin nicht Gesetzesänderungen, sondern chen würdo;' Es handelt sich um Journalisten wie primär die Bereitschaft der türkischen Macht- Yurtcu, die wegen ihrer Tätigkeit als verantwort- haber - die Armee eingeschlossen -, Tabuthemen liche Redaktoren und nicht wegen eigener Artikel diskutieren zu lassen und unbequeme Meinungs- belangt worden waren. DieSer Schritt ist zum Teil äusserungen nicht gleich als ~taatsfeÎ11çilicheAkti-

Die prokurdische Zeitung «Ozgür Gilndem» ist nur eines von vielen türkischen Presseerzeugnissen. die unter staatlicher Verfolgung zu leiden hatten und schliesslich verboten wurden. (Bild Holger Burkhard)

87 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

vitäteIubzustempeln. Die 1995 unterdem Druck setze mehr als von Anläufen zu Gesetzesrefor- der EU erfolgte ~evision des Antiterrorgesetzes men, die nur allzu leicht scheitern können. brachte zwareinigen Journalisten die Freiheit, änderte insgesamt aber nichts an der Repressions- Folter und Einschüchterung mentalität. Aucli die neue Regierung rechtfertigt Einschränkungen der Meinungsfreiheit allzu gern Die VeI'UIteilung von Journalisten ist nur eine rit dem Hinweis auf das «Terrorproblem» im Facette des pressefeindlichen Klimas in der Tür. Südosten. Selbst sogenannt «liberale» Kabinetts- . kei. Kritische Medienleute werden in Ausübung mitgijeder verstecken sich hinter dein Argument, ihres Berufes auch häufig Opfer von Polizei. die Öffentlichkeit sei gegen eine Liberalisierung. gewalt.Laut Angaben der ReporterS sans Fron- weil dadurch Terroristen Auftrieb erhaltenkönn- tières sind 1996 31 Joutnalisten in Polizeigewahr- ten. Dabei fmdet in dieser Frage gar keine richtige sam gefoltert worden, in. den ersten fünf Monaten öffentliche Debatte statt. dieses Jahres weitere 13. Dazu kommen zahllose gewalttätige Übergriffe der Ordnungskräfte. Wäh- Manche Regierungsvertreter bestreiten zude~, rend die Justiz wenig Mitleid mit Journalisten dass es sich bei den Verhafteten nur um Journali- zeigt, werden kriqtinelle Polizisten mit Samthand- sten handle. Doch selbst wenn unter diesen auch schuhen angefasst (siehe Kasten). Auch ausländi- Verfasser von üblen Hetzartikeln sein soUten, sche Reporter werden in ihrer Arbeit, besonders rechtfertigt dies das Ausmass der gegenwärtigen in den Notstandsgebieten des Südostens, massiv Restriktionen nicht. Der Direktor des Internatio- behindert. Zum Repertoire staatlicher Einschüch- nal Press Institute, Johann P. Fritz, plädiert für terungsmassnahmen gehören ferner die Beschlag. eine grössere Gelassenheit des Staates gegenüber nahmung von Zeitungen und die Schliessung kri- Blättern Init extremen Inhalten, die ja meist nur tischer Medien. Wegen ihrer Meinung verfolgt eine geringe Reichweite hätten. Andere rit ge- werden zudem nicht nur Journalisten, sondern walttätigen separatistischen Bewegungen kon- auch Schriftsteller und oppositionelle Politiker. frontierte Staaten wie Grossbriümnien, Frank- Meint es die Regierung ernst mit ihrer angekün- reich .oder Spanien hätten mit weniger Repression digten «Revolution», so müssen auf die publizi- bessere Erfahrungengemacht. Fritz verspricht tät$trächtige Freilassung einiger prominenter Re- sich zudem von einer Diskussion Init den Staats- daktoren weitere Schritte folgen .. anwälten über die allzu enge Auslegung der Ge-

Göktepe murder suspects turn themselves in The lawyer of the surrenderedpolice officers, Orner Ye~ilyurt, says his clients were notfugitives but 'honorable police officers'

Ankara - Turkish Daily News Korkmaz would also turn themselves in soon. The six who surrendered yester- • Six police officers who have been day have been placed in custody, the accused of beating journalist Metin authorities confirmed. Göktepe to death have given themselves up ~o ,the;authori.tie~,;{eP9rted the Lawyer: ,IHonorabl~clients' A:natolia news agency: mie announce- The lawyer of the surrendered police ment was made by Justice Minister Oltan Sungurlu. officers, Ömer Ye~i1yurt, said his clients were riot fugitives. . . The officers, Suayip Mutluer, Selcuk Bayraktaroglu, Murat Polilt"Fedai He addedthat after being questioned, Korkmaz and Burhan Koç, and police there was no need for them to appear in chief Seyidi BattallÇöse, have never court. appeared in court while the Göktepe Ye~ilyurt said his clients had not trial has been undeJ;Way and were unable attended the trial because they were to be found for the past few weeks .. afraid of being "lynched" by mobs. He Sungurlu said they surrendere;d to the also claimed governmentalleaders had state prosecutor's office in Afyon. . acted incorrectly and misjudged the sus- Aryon State Prosecutor Ali Velioglu pects. said the other police officers, Ilhan He said his clients were "honorable" Sarioglu, Saffet HizarCl and Metin Turkish police officers ..

88 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de fn Prcllsn-Bns111 Özeti

TUESDAY,JULY2Q,I997 Turkish Dairy News . USDefense University: Army-Refah clash far from over In April, the Turkish General Staff declared that the danger posed by Islamic fundamentalism had become the top threat for the republic, replacing even that posed by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and Kurdish separatism. The INSS panel thou ht otherwise

TON-Selahattin Sönmez

89 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

U~UR AKINCI sec~ty ~ was ~ost certainly. more a arp'ued that although public relauons camp81gn than reality, accord- /::) . Washington. Turkish Dally News mg to many ob~rvers. It is contradicted by the pressures the ~~~~~~~rt~&;e~d~r:; military put on the PART -I- supporting PICKterronsm, and the l;trge-scale, • • ------:------cross-border operation launched in May into RP-DYP coalltlon wO new think tank strategic northern IraQ." . - assessmentreportsontherecent Tw~ poles . .seemed like a solution- developments in Turkish politics Dunng the roundtable, the partIcIpants' • warn that the clash between the views repvidea !hat Islamists not be allowed to participate U.S. Department ofDefel1$e.solutiOD; o~ ease ~e 't'ay to ehmtnatmg 10 any future government. 2) If Demirel . •future slIwlar cnses. proves unable to keep the new government 'Outmoded secularism' on a controlled CO\lTSe,they could again In f;he"Concl~ions" chapter of the first paper, R.f~h ~upport Increas~ . seek the Cabinet's resignation. 3) They entitled "Shap1Ogthe U.S.-Turkey Strategic A maJonty of the INSS panelIsts, reflectIng could stage a takeover, as they did in the Partnership," Yaphe reports that "some outsidea view de~ended.by quite a few A:nerican 1960s, 1970s, and in 1980." experts at the INSS roundtable believe the '9bserverslOcludlOg the CongressIOnal However. if there is another coup in General ~ta!f!fUlY represent ~ ot!~~_ or Research Servi~e.' argued that although the ~urk~t s future, "u~like previ.ous 'mterv.en- anac~tic Ideal of secularism 10 a: socrety ';pressures the mtlitary l'~t on the RP-.True tIon~..y1 t~e 1960&,::75)s.:anq,,10 ~980. Ws - that wants to return to more traditional values Path Party (DYP) coalItIon seemed lIke a one may have lacked as broad a consensug.-, and customs.;' solution in the short-run, it _actually deep- and may underscore how illusory Ataturk' s The TON learned that one of the "outside ened the crisis. reforms are for a growing number of ex~" who defended this idea at the said . .Thi~view was opposed vigorou~ly by a . Tu~ks," the INSS rep~rt claimed. meeting was a former employee of the CIA mtnonty of theroundtable, accordmg to a Some analysts belIeve that the General who currently works at a Washington think TON source. -.. Staff is try~ng to repla~e coup ni~orswith a tank. . "The generals' efforts to stop Islamtst- plan of actIon for PreSIdent Demtrel and the The May meeting was attended by Turkish proposed changes in education by closing democratic, secular forces to 'do the right professoJ'Sfrom three different U.S. universi- religious schools .;. and introducmg eight thing. '. In t~is case, an äl.ternative solution ties, and representatives from the Pentagon A ma iority of the - an mtenm ~e~~oc."rattc government - and the State Department as well. .. ~ _ may be a possIblhty, _Yaphe wrote. '''Manyobserversandanalystsregarc;lthe INSS p.anelTsts .. .' military's efforts to set the domestic and for- ," , Impltcatl~ns for US . eign policy agendas as heavy-handed and out ~eflectTng- a vTe Ya~he cautIoned that..the futu~e ISnot of touch with Turkish reality " the report con- ,,_ .. "W straIghtforward for the Ytlmaz government - tinued. , ' ' d II-'. d d.b '. 't ~d that Washington needS to step carefully- In April, the Turkish General Staff declared eie ne. ~ qulea smce T~key coul~ g~,tpr'ou8h-the s~e that the danger posed by Islamic fundamental- +.. A .. . s0t;t of confronta,tIon- after theel~C!IOns. ism had become the top threat for the republic, lew merlCan 'The

rightist, centrist parties remain divided by a When the TON asked Dr. Yaphe if these without sending misleading signals." weak leadership, allegations of corruption, very recent developments were not the har- "U.S. officials in Washington should and factionalism, then the stage could be set binger of a new positive phase in Turkish- consult more re~larly with senior Turkish for a repeat of this year's confrontation." U.S. military relations, she cautiously and military and ciVIlian leaders on issues of correctly recalled that as positive as these common concern, especIally if shifts in U.S Un ... lI.ble.• Uy? d~velopments were, Congress had still not .PÇ'i~y.pe~spestiy~s. ar~.in¥Qly~d., The INSS pomted out that there was a . gIven them final approval. "P~lclpatton In'confid~dçe.~illiding eX~r growing sense of unease among the Turkish cises and contacts between mid-level offi- o 'generais as to the degree to which they Turkish gener.ls cers, officials, and academics in Turkey and could rely on Washington on the issues that The report continued with its generally neg- the United States could also be expanded." mattered the most for Turkey. ative assessment of the Turkish military's "[There is] .,. a growing sense in Turkey involvement in civilian politics. Limits to mlllt8ry .ctlvlsm - that the United States may be an unreliable "If the Turkish General Staff continues The INSS recommended frank exchange ally - the General Staff has been unhappy its pattern of intervening in the political between the Pentagon and the Turkish over longstanding arms procurement prob- process, it will expect U.S. support; the General Staff concerning the degree to lems and sees what it perceives to be an generals are unlikely to heed warnings that which military's political activism will be arms embargo as a major impediment to their actions place Turkey's fragile democ- supported by Washington. relations. It does not share the somewhat racy at risk. "The Turkish military needs to know that relaxed attitude the United States seems to The generals interpret comments by while the U.S. government supports a secu- have regarding Russia, the Caucasus or senior U.S. administration spokesmen on lar Turkey, the United States and Western Syria. American and European criticisms. of Turkey as a secular state as supporting their Europe would not support a military coup, tbe lack of human rights, especially regard- course of action. The Turkish generals and that such a coup would undercut ing the Kurds, are irritants and ignored," theprobably perceive the strategic relationship Turkish efforts at further European integra- . INSS report said. - already tense-over Ankara's buddinR tion. Efforts by the military to ban the The Clinton administration has recently relations with Tehran and Baghdad - to be Refah Party entirely"or to deny Islamist del- made a number of positive gestures towards going through a temporary phase, one egates seats in Parhament would weaken the Ytlmaz government by thawing the which is bound to improve because of Turkey's democratic image," the report freeze on the military orders. It successfullYTurkey's geostrategic importance." ended. argued that Congress should lift its objec- . tion to the transfer of three frigates and ~nt Must restore trust notifications to Congress about a $75 nul- In tbe "recommendations" section, the INSS lion deal involving an ammunition and started with a bold recommendation: equipment package, as well as four Sea "The United States needs to restore a Hawk navy helicopters. sense of trust with the Turkish military ~::.~~~~USDefense University: 'Divergent interests eomplicateUS.Turkish relations' Turkish-US relations held in May 1997 at the UljUR AKINeI National Defense University (NOU) with the Washington - Turkish Daily News participation of academicians, think tank experts and representatives from the U.S. Two allies portrayed as at odds Defense and State departments. It should be over arms transfers, Russia, EU PART -II- noted that neither NOU nor INSS necessarily represent the official views of the Pentagon. membership, NATO expansion n a second paper prepared by the Institute of National Strategic Sh.red Interests 'The June change in government is Studies (INSS)# which is a part of. INSS noted that "the United States and the Pentago~-arr:tliated Natt~nal Turkey share a broad range of strategic inter- unlikely to resolve these differences' Defense Umverslty (NOU) ID ests, includin$ promoting solid and stable Washington, think tank experts governments ID the Caucasus and Central suggested that there were a number Asia, enhancing shared economic and trade Turkey might fail to ratify of emergent issues between th~ relations, cooperating on global issues such NATO enlargement' United States and Turkey that created fric- as terrorism and anti-narcotics efforts, and tion. "[p]erceptions of diverging interests monitoring Iraqi and Kurdish activity in , . . . complicate U.S.-Turkish strategic relations," northern Iraq through Operation Northern TurkIsh mtlltary may take a hard- concluded the paper written by Dr. Judith S. Watch." But still, the.focus of the report was line stance on Aegean and Cyprus iFfaphe and ViSIting.fellow Dr. Sean ~y. on what the two allies did not share. . 1" ". b '1' d' 'The June change ID government, whicb saw mterna SItuatIOn ISsta I Ize the resignation of Erbakan, is unlikely to Three are.s resolve these differences," the authors con- The institute report focused on the following cluded. three areas of "divergence": Arms transfers, The INSS 'paper is based on a closed-to- NATO expansion, and Turkey' s application the-press poltcy-roundtable conference on to become a full member of the European

91 Revue de Presse-Press Review-.Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Starnpa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Q). '"::J >- . Q) -g~ .... ~ "gl:! co", -'"CD CD l!!Cil "'c -0.cu :Boo CD::) .~~ "'- u",ara; :ijûi o~ ;';:::(1) 1:ë' .2>~ ."',lIl c.=~~ cot:: lIlO Q)o. .= a. 8"lIl::J::J co2 Q)~ l!!.o ..-Q) .,.Q) .c ..• ..l<::; ue .... 0. Union (EU) and Western EUfClpeanUnion apparently stillthink that the recent thaw in .of the ColdWar, after,which "Turkey per- (WEU). arms transfers to Turkey (e.g. Frigates; Sea ceived that its iml?0rtance to the United Hawks) does not represent a dramatic changeStates as a front-hne state in the NATO- Arms embargo in the situation, especially sirice Congress . Warsaw Pact standoff was steadily diminish- ''The greatest source of tension has been has not yet voted on the various transfers ing." . what many Turkish military officers and waiting in the queue, despite the reluctant The second event was the GulfWar, when civilian officials view as an "undeclared U.S.support from the House International and "for the frrst and only time, NATO's Article arms embargo"on Turkey," the report said. Senate Foreign Relations committees. V collective defense arrangement was for- "Failure to resolve weapons procurement. . mally invoked in response to Iraqi threats to issues could erode ties with the United States Two events . Turkish territory." But the INSS concludes and send Turkey in search of more reliable . The report pointed at two events that that, "subsequently, Turkey has remained a security partners and weapons suppliers." changed the strategicimportance of Turkey key strategic crossroads for the United Most of the participants at the roundtable for the United States. The frrst was the end States, bridging the geographic boundaries 92 Revile de Presse-Press Rcuinv-Ber/zevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Bas111 Özeti

between Europe, the-Middfe East, and "Ankara apparently views NATO enlarge appear convinced that the Central Asiä: ment plans as having too much of a Central solution to most, if not all, At this point, we think an analysis penned European focus while ignoring areas to the of Turkey' s domestic eco- .in January 1996 by Alan Makovsky of the south where Turkey believes security chal- nomic instability lies in Washington Institute for Near East Policy le~ges are more likely to arise," the report membership in the EU," the draws a more pertinent conclusion from the SaId. report contmued. same premise. Makovsky pointed out that "There is an irony not lost on many Turks The report pointed to "NATO responded tothe danger of an Iraqi that, having stood at the gates of Europe as a .some "complicating fac- attack on Turkey only with great reluctance front-line state against the Soviet Union, for- tors" concerni~g Turkey's and then in a meager and nearly worthless mer Warsaw Pact countries are likely to join EU membership: 'Turkey fashion" which "diminished [Turkey's] con- the EU before Turkey." has a strong private sector economy which . fidence in NATO security guarantees." . should make it attractive for international (Reluctant Neighbor; Turkey's Role in the Russia investment. Nonetheless, public sector Middle East; Henri Barkey Ed., USIP press, On Russia, Turkey and the United States do institutions are generally .unstable, overe~- 1996; pp.152-53). Thus, if anything, the not see eye to eye either. ployed and unde~roductlye, and. corruptlOn chances are that .the Gulf W~ thrc:a~als~ "The United States places a high priority ISraI?pant ... Despite rel.atlvely hlg~ and acted. to undenmne the Turkis~ mlhtary s ~n pcu:tnershipwith Russia, but Turkey has consistent growth rates 10 the T~rkls~ econ- trust 10,We~tef!1and U.S. readmess to defend hngenng .doubts about Moscow' s intentions orny, Turkey has an 80 percent lOflatlOn Turkey S vltallOt~rests. . . along therr common borders. In particular. rate,.and governmeryt r~form has ~een slow, U.S. C.ongresslonal opposItIon to Super Turkey worries about adjustments to the c.ausm~ general ,~esltatlOn among 1Oterna- Cobra, frigate ~~ ~e~ H.awk sales, on the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty which tlOnall~:vestors. . one ~~d, and dlmlmshing U.S. force pres- would increase the Russian militarypresence The 1O~reased role of. the EU, cOmlng at ence 10 gene~~! on the o~er, of course on its southern flank. Additionally, Turkey the sam~ time as decreasl~g levels of U.S. ~eepened the divergence:, It fuel~d the fe~l-views RuS~ianinvolvement in the Caucasus econ?mlc enga&ement, remforce~ t~e. ~ngamong the Turks ~at Ank~a s sU:a~eglc .th great suspicion." T~r~sh ~erceptlOn of U.S. unr~hablhty; Importance to the Urnted States ISdechmng. Wl thiS 10 spite of the fact that semor U.S. offi- Since the height of the Cold War in the NATO. card . cials have ex{>licitly endorsed Turkey's 1960s, the United Stat~ has reduced its An ObVlOU~proof of the t~n~lons ~etween aspiration to Join the EU." force yresence from mere th~ 20,~ per- the!~o alhes wa~,Turk~y s lOtentIon to use .. "Prospects for an i~vitation to Turkey to sonne and dependents at 20 mstallatlons to .the NATO card, that IS, threate!l to vc:to Jom the EU appear shm for now, despite l~ss ~,an 8,000 pers~nnel at six installa- NA!O expanslOn unless Turkey IS admlt- Turkey's best efforts and U.S. support," the hO?S, .the report s~d.. . ted lOtOthe EU. The INSS noted that . report noted.cp!fectly. Greece's opposition 'This number Will likely decline further Turkey bowed to a U.S. request to refralD to Turkey WIthlDthe EU and frequent criti- with the planned closing of a U.S. radar site from such ~ veto but the future may hold cism of Turkey in the EU on the Kurdish at Pirinçlik and the anticipated reduction of sOTe surpnses. . .. . -. and human rights issues do not help Turkey personnel at lncirlik. . Further comph~atlOg ItS relatIons WIth. either, the auth~rs noted. U.S. security assistance to Turkey has 10 NATO, Turkey 10 early 1?9,7 threatened .The future WIth the EU does not look declined from $500 million in grants in 1991 to veto NATO enlarge~e!lt If It was not bnght, INSS concluded: "Many Turkish to $175 million in market rate loans in gr~nted !uIl member~hIp 10 the EU. In officials may perceive the EU's slow 1997," Yaphe and Kay wrote. dOl!lg thIS, Ankar~ dIrectly challenged the approa?h. as eyidence o! a,?ew "cultural But, the Erbakan government's dealings Umted States,.whlch ~as N;'\~O enlar~e- and rehglOus Iron curtalO, or even a new with Iran were not greeted withjoy in ment aS!1 ~Orel$npohc~ pnonty, to gam Christian crusade, that will not open to Washington either, the report notes. The dis-. support 10 ItS dlSp,\:1teWIth t~e EU; unfo~u- Ankara." appointment seemed to be.mutual to a certain nately for Turkey ~ caIculatI~,ns, the Umtec extent. St~~es has n~ :v?te JO the EU. . Trouble with Greece and Cyprus ~nk~ra ImtIa}ly bowedlo U.S. reque~ts The report also mentioned the U.S. role in Israel card that It wlthdr~w ItS veto threat. but ~ere IS quelling the Turkish-Greek conflict over In this context, Turkey's defense cooperation ~o~e unc.ertamty .wheth~r Turkey ~lIl the Aegean and .the c~nt~nuing tensions in agreement with Israel acquires a new signifi- a.blde by I~SpromIse or l.fthe .Turkish par- ~yprus on RUSSianmisslIes and other cance, since both Israel and Turkey use the 1,IamentWill appro.v~ r!1tIficatlOnprotocols Issues. same U.S.-made weapon systems. The rap- fOT n~w me~bers JOl~lOgNATO. Turkey . "U.S. observers are left with llIUlllpres- prochement may mobilize the Je~is~- ;111 .lIkely raIse questlOns of cos~s. burden- ~Ion that Turkey has no inte~ti~n of a~tack- American lobby to support Turkish mterests. hanng, and ~once~s over ~ussla. The ID~.Greece but woul~ do so If It pe.rcelved a at the U.S. Congress as well. "~urkish ge!ler- Issue of Turki~~ na~lOnal pnde could also mlht!1fYth:eat or. beheved Greece ID~en,~ed als may believe that their pursuit of securlty m~ddle ~he ratIf.lcatlOn process. Turkey enOSlS(umon) With Cyprus once agaID. and defense cooperation with Israel will gain'mlght fall to ratIfy NATO e~largement "This im~ressi~~ is ~eeming~y reinforced them new and sophisticated weapons sys- absent ~ p~pular consensus 10 support of by the TurkIsh mlhtary s adoptIon of a new terns as well as a powerful voice in the pohcy. defense concept that focuses primarilyon Washington:' the INSS said. NATO scholars at the.RAND.. internal threats and a ~rowing willingness CorporatIon, WhIch did by senior Turkish mihtary officials to open NATO expansion much ~ork on N:<\TO a dialogue with Greece. Nonetheless, the Turkey has a different take on the issue of e~panslOn, ~e~~nbed such a prospect remains that the Turkish military NATO expansion as well for two main rea- dls~an~1?0ssl~1lltyto TON might return to its previous hard-line stance sons, the INSS report explained: 1) Turkey as SUICIdaI. on the Aegean and Cyprus issues once the thinks too much emphaSISis laid on Eastern internal political situation has stabilized." EU'. importance - Europe whêreas Turkey thinks strategic ''The United States may be More consultations security threats are much greater in southern regarded as Turkey's best The INSS recommended that the United areas; and 2) Turkey's EU membership is investment partner, but the S~tes consult the Turks more on a number sidestepped while Turkey is àsked to ratify EU is Turkey's largest trad- of !,ssues. . . the expansion of NATO, by siding with the ing partner. Many Turkish The l!rnted ~tates needs to bro~den ItS same countries today which Turkey once officials, including senior consu~tatlOns WIth Tu~key ~n elemen~s of stood against to guard the NATO borders. General Staff members. changmg U.S. strategic reglOnal relatlOn-

93 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka'Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

shil?~' particularly on. issues repecting. tions with Turkey ..In ?rder t~ ret.ain consultations would help create a more sta- pohtlcal and economic tre,nds l!l ~ussla, the Ankara's coop~ratlon IÏ1 m(;>D.ltonng ble environment. Washington should möve Ca':1casus, and Central ASia. SimIlarly, the Saddam Hussem a~d ~~ntammglran~ both quickly to support confidence building UOlteçl~tates m.ustaccept the f8:ctt~at likely to be U:S. pnontlesfor some tIme tOmeasures among Turks, Gïeeks, and Tl;1rkey s chan~mg nee~s mean It Will çl~al come, the Umted States may need to make Cypriots to ease tensions in the Aegean and WIth the Islamtc world. concessions on arms exports." consolidate any gains in Greek-Turkish relations. Similarly, high-level support for More a~ms '. M~Ye more quickly . an open EU process will help keep Turkey If the U~lted States. needs more T.urkish !hIr~ly, the I.t'-!'SSrecommended the admm- grounded in the West and promote stability _ cooperation to momtor Iraq, then It needs Istration act With more ~esolve and gre.ater in Central and Eastern Europe." to be more "flexible" on arms transfers, the speed to help' ease Turkish-~reek tensl~ns INSS recommended. and help bUild more trust With the Turkish ''The United States may need to be more establishmen.t...... flexible in assigning priorities in its rela- "U.S. partIclpatIOnm negOtiatIOns and

TurkishDaily News WEDNESDAY, JtIT..Y30,1991 Critics of new education policy take to t~~~ting~!!~ets Violence: Eleven people were reportedly injured . tion law. believ~p th~t it , during the demonstrations. Among them were waul?, cause th~ ~losmg .•. . . . down of the religrpus schools If It IS Journalists who were severely beaten by the approved by the Parliament. The new law, police and hospitalized for apparently no cause in fact, will not 'OnI; shut ~o~n th~ secondary segments 0 the religIOUShigh Ankara • TurIcJsb DaHy News schools, but also the other middle schools, or combine them with existing elementary • Thousands of right-wing were injured during clashes. education institutions.' dem.onstrators gathered in Several thousand people But many of the conservatives, includ- downtown Ankara starting came to Ankara, some even a ing the supporters of the Islamist Welfare early Tuesday morning to . day before the demonstration, Party (RP), believe that the push for an protest the new education poli- from Istanbul, Kocaeli, "ulÛnterrupted" compulsory education sys~ cy which will increase the Sakarya, Bursa and Konya tern was a military-led attempt to curb the compulsory education period provinces and convened at number of religious school-goers. to eight years on a continuous Ktztlay Square e.arly in the The matter was fli'st brought to the sur- . basis. Many of them werecriti- morning, delaying tens-of face by the military-led institution, the cising the new minority coali- thousands of Ankara residents National Security Council (MGK), which lion government that will driving to work who were asked the former Islamist-Ied government allow the closure of the sec- unable to use Ataturk . . to convert the compullOoryeducation sys- ondary segments of the reli- Boulevard. As the DUmberof tem to an uninterrupted one. gious high schools, as well as demonstrators increased from . Although former Prime Minister and other middle schools. . 300 early in the day to several RP leader Necmettin Erbakan signed the The police, whb blocked the thousand, the police moved MGK document, he later was reluctant to streets of Bakanliklar as well them to a location in front of take steps on that issue. Erbakan's support- as thé downtown' s main the Ministry of Education. ers do not object to an eight-year system, artery, arrested 55 people who Many carried Turkish flags, or but favor a five-plus-three system m which tried to demonstrate in front of banners saying "Don't touch a five year elementary education is fol- the General StaffheadquarterS. my school," and chanted reli- lowed by three years of middle school It was also reported that the gious slogans. Many also were attendance. police had sprayed water on . cursing and throwing stones at Meanwhile, the Anatolia news agency the demonstrators to disperse . members of the press who said the draft law on the new education them and allegedly beat three were trying to cover the event. policy would be discllssed on Thursday by journalists. A number of The demonstrators, most of the parliamentary commission dealing ambulances were sent to the whom are thought to have with the education issues. The bill, which area to transport those who strong religious back~ounds, proposes amendments to three different

94 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevok1l Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

Thousands of people who objected to the closure pf the secondary segments of the religious schools took to the streets of Ankara on Tuesday. They chanted religious slogans, saying they would not allow the 'closure" of religious schools. Some of the demonstrators were seen in religious outfit which actually breached the Dress Code. Security was tightened in Ankara and traf. fiC was blocked in the center of the city, preventing hundreds of motorists from arriving to work Of' time. Phn/", Ali ". 'al Ulay & Selahattir Sönrnez

laws on education, will also be debated by legal. Another group wanted to Walle to the Planning and Bud~etary ComDÙssion, the Prime Ministry building, but were since it requires massIve financing. again stopped by police dogs. Independent Islanùst deputy Hasan The protests also took place in the Hüseyin Ceylan, who was forced to resign province of Konya, RP's stronghold. from the RP because of his outspoken atti- Konya Governor Namlk Gülen said vehi. tude, joined the crowd which welcomed cle convoys which were trying to gather him with pro-Islamic slogans. "It is normal for protests were dispersed by the police, for the supporters of religious schools to and no one was arrested. Gülen said speak out about thcir dcmands on thc many of the protesters who were in the streets since it was also done by many vehicles and traveling in small groups other civic organizations," Ceylan, also a honked their horns. One of the convoys religious school graduate, told the crowd. was stopped by the police and the driven A number of other RP deputies also p~otested by clapping their hands. appeared in the rally, asking that the Konya's Security Chief, Turan Bulus, demonstrators not cause any trouble that was reportedly observed talking with the would badly hurt their cause. demonstrators who later dispersed. In the There were a number of isolated inci- area of Kayseri protesters in their cars dents during the protests in Ankara. A who blew their horns were fined by the number of men with beards and religious police. garb tried to enter the Parliament, but the police kept them away. The police, who argued with the demonstrators, said their request was not

95 Revue de Presse-Press Revicw-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

State Department supports. Turkmen- Iran-Turkish gas line Turkish military are claimed line from Tehran to Tabriz also exists. But the connection from Tabriz to the Iran-Turkish to .be against Iran route borderdoes not exist ~t, the source said. Iran, which reportedly also built the line Washington. Turkish Daily News inside Turkmenistan in exchange fo( gas, is expected to complete the Tabriz- Turkish • The u.s. State Department reconfirmed on Border line in late 1998. Monday what has been mape explicit by the White House over the weekend: The U.S. Keep fees low supports the gas pipeline between . Concerning the uneasy issue of the transit Turkmenistan and Turkey,even.though it fees that Iran would be earning from the crosses through Iran. . .' . pipeline, Foley said "We believe that Turkey Last week, Assistant Secretary of State and Turkmemstan have an interest" in seeing Alan Larsen testified before a Congressional that the fees are "low and in alignment With committee that the pipeline's Iranian itinerary market circumstances." did not violate the ILSA (Iran Libya . He said the U.S. position alSQreflects the Sanctions Law) which prohibited any third desire to encourage emerging countries to party from investing over $40 million in . develop their natùral resources and to help Iran's and Libya's petrochemical industries. Turkey, "an old and loyal NATO ally." Turkish state pipeline company BOT AS, which is involved in the gas pipeline in ques- Not ideal route tion, will not come under ILSA scope, Larsen Foley also noted that the United States state. believes that the route through Iran is "not the Deputy spokesman for the State ideal route" to bringTurkmenistan's natural Department. Jim Foley, said on Monday tha~ gas to the West. "We preferred a trans- Turkey was going to receive Turkmen, not Caspian route". that could also serve to devel- Iianian, gas in accordance with the Turkish": op Azerbaijan gas resources, he said. . Tudanen agreement signed in May 1997. Turkish military agrees? Iran policy remains the same According to an insicfer TON source who But that did not mean that the administration asked to remain anonYmous, the Turkish mili- was mellowing towards Iran, Foley said .. tary is also n.ot comfortable at all with a There has been no change in U.S. policy in pipeline that wouldbe passing through Iran any way nor any signal to that effect." he and, as an option, wants to see a trans- emphasized. "It is U.S. poijcy and law to seek Caspian underwater line instead. to deny Iran the resources. it needs to pursue The main reason for military's opposition terrorism and weapons of mass destruction by is said to be the support Iran gtves to the PKK means of deterring investments in Iran' s oil and Iran' s determination to export the Islamic and gas sectors. We are applying that law dili- revolution to Turkey, the source said.1n early gently." 1997 the Iranian ambassador to Ankara creat- Last week, 222 members of the U.S. House ed a storm by openly defending Shariat as a of Representatives, including 10 committee regime fit for Turks. As a result he had to be chairmen, si~ed a statement reaffmning the recalled to Iran. need to contmue to isolate the Iranian regime. A second alternative that the Turkish mili- 'The bottom line" is that Turkey is going tary favors is the use of an existing natural gas. to buy gas from Turkmenistan, not Iran, Foley pipeline that detours from north of the said. Caspian Sea and extends all the way down to Georgia. With an extension from Georgia, Pipeline not ready yet Turkey could still get Türkmen gas even if it Currently, the natural gas pipeline from would be more expensive to do so tha~ way, is Turkmenistan to Tehran is just about to be how the TON source summarized the Turkish completed, an insider source told TON. The General Staffs allegë

96 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basl11 Özeti

INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, WEDNESDAY, lIlLY 30, 1997

Police in Ankara Break Up Protest

Reulers Yilmaz's office chanting. lion to eight years from five, ANKARA - Police using "Government. resign!" The bill would also close batons, dogs and water can- About 6,000 people, many many religious schools. non broke up a protest Tues- wearing Islamic-style skull- Mr. Yilmaz was quoted in day by thousands ofIslamists caps and waving Turkish the press Tuesday as saying marching through Turkey's flags. demonstrated in the that he would push the reform .capital to challenge the gov- center of the city. through Parliament by the ernment's effort to curtail re- "Break the hands of those end of next week. who try to lay a finger on the ligious education, • TlUkey lo Gel U.S. Ships Witnesses said the police Koran!" they shouted, refer- repeatedly charged demon- ring to the holy book of Is- The United States is going strators outside the Education lam. ahead with the transfer of. Ministry after hours of rowdy Witnesses said the chant- three former U.S. Navy frig- protests. Armored cars rued ing could be heard inside mil- ates to Turkeyafter reaching water cannon at the crowd. itary headquarters. where top agreement with members of At least two people re- generals were briefing the Congress who had been ceived head wounds, It was cabinet on security threats. blocking the move, Reuters not clear whether they were The Turkish media said Is- reported from Washington. protesters, journalists or un- lamist activism was at the top The State Department made dercover members of the seof the meeting' sagenda. the announcement Monday. curity forces. The police prevented the . Members of Congress put Dozens of police officers demonstrators from marching the deal on hold after a naval in riot gear, some with dogs, on Parliament to protest the confrontation last year be- charged a group of about government's attempts to tween Greece and Turkey 1,000 protestersmarching to- pass a law that would extend over an uninhabited island in ward Prime Minister Mesut compulsory secularist educa- the Aegean Sea.

LE MONDE I JEUDI 31 JUILLET 1997

Turquie: reddition de six policiers impliqués dans la mort d'un journaliste ANKARA. Six policiers parmi les quarante-huit impliqués dans la mort d'un journaliste se sont rendus, lundi 28 juillet, à Afyon (Ouest), a art- . nonœ, mardi, le'ministre de laJustice, Ohan Sungurlu. fi s'agit d'un directeur de la police et de cinq policiers contre lesquels la justice avait lancé des mandats d'arrêt. Le journaliste du quotidien de gauche Evrense~ Metin Goktepe, vingt-sept ans, avait été battu à mort après son arrestation le 8 janvier 1996, à Istanbul, alors qu'il couvrait les ob- ~ues de deux détenus tués lors de la répression d'une mutinerie dans une prison de la vllle. Aucun des poHciers impliqués n'avait assis- té aux audiences du prOCès ouvert le 18 octobre 1996. Par ailleurs, la police a violemment dispersé, mardi, quelque cinq mille Islamistes qui manifestaient à Ankara contre un projet de loi devant entratner la fermeture des sections secondaires des écoles d'enseignement religieux d'Etat. - (APR)

97 Revue de Presse~Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê~Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti GENERALS ANDPOLITICS

of his own conservative Motherland Party, its old adversary the Democratic Left,and a Theincreasing loneliness small splinter group. The generals would have had an immediate crisis on their hands ifwelfare and itSally in government of being Tu~key since last July, the True Path Party, had beaten Mr Yilmaz.Only two weeks earlier a majority of parliament's members had Acounnythat could be the meeting-place of democracy and Islam is in danger signed a plea that Welfare and True Path ofbecoming a no-man's-land between them. This can be prevented should stay in office. The necessary votes were, in the end, cajoled or bought. But the URKEY,say the geopoliticians, is the mildly Islamist government. This has made crisis is far from over. Tmost important member of the new, ex- it harder to argue that Turkeywas at last set- Even if Mr Yilmaz's majority survives panded Atlantic alliance; and they may tling down to be a real democracy, a place the year, which is by no means certain, well be right This is a huge place, with the where,the people take the.decisions.And if , some hard questions have to be answered. biggest land area and the second-biggest the generals have miscalculated-if the Ko- All those ,involved-the generals, Mr population of any NATO country east of the ran-toting Welfare Party, which they have Yilmaz and Welfare's leader, Necmettin Atlantic. It has the biggest army of them all, now pushed out of power, comes back into Erbakan-have to try to work out what sort including America's, and though' its sol- officeat the next election on a wave of Mus- ofcountrytheywantTurkeyto be. diers do not have the most modem weap- lim resentment-they will either have to ons they are dogged and uncomplaining live with a new government that will Theywentoverthe top fighters: there are gentlemen in England among other things be much more suspi- The generals' answer is that they want Tur- still abed who rememberGallipoli and Kut cious of their pro-western foreign policy, or key to remain the secular state created 70 ai-Amara. Above all, Turkey stands where do an Algeria and squash the election. years ago by their hero Mustafa Kemal Ata- Germany did in the previous period of A little time was bought when Mesùt turk, "Father of the Turks";They went into NATO'S existence: on the front line, face to Yilmaz, the beneficiary of the generals' in- action last February armed with Article u8 face with ,the big problem. Now that the So- tervention, got a rather wobbly vote of con- of the constitution, under which the Na- vietarmy no longer looms over Germany, fidence last Saturday (a majority of 2S in tional Security Council-five senior offi- NATO'S eyes have turned southward, to the the sso-member parliament) for a three- cers and four civilian ministers under the bubbling mixture of oil and Islamism and party coalition he has stitched together out chairmanship of the country's president- decrepit authoritarian regimes can say what it wants done to pre- called the Middle East: a bubbling serve "the independence of the which will not be kept from boiling state" and "the peace and security of over by diplomacy alone. society".They gavethe prime minis- The trouble is that the alliance of ter a list of 18 things they wanted the democracies needs Turkey fur done to reduce Islam's influence on tWo 'different reasons, and both the workings ofgovernment have been put at risk bywhat is now ! :Mr Erbakan, relying on his par- happening in Turkish politics. liamentary majority, fudged and The, military Value ofTurkey is dodged. The generals replied with a that it sits next door to Saddam Hus- creeping barrage. sein's iraq, to the mullahs' Iran and l , Further demands were made on to the unpredictable dictatorship of I the government, including its ap-' Syria's Harez Assad Its own armed proval fur the dismissal of military furce's, the bases it provides fur al- officers considered too pro-Welfare. lied aircraft and Warships and-not A handful of big firms that had least-its quiet ability to control the shown sympathy for Welfare got a flow of the Tigris and Euphrates riv- 'dressin~down. The lady in charge ers into Iraq and Syria are all ofTrue Path, Tansu Ciller, who had weighty pieces in the regional bal~ used her coalition with Welfare as ance of power. But Turkey has been an umbrella against the charges of of even greater value for a different, corruption raining down on her, political reason. Until recently, it came under renewed attack. To- h~d looked like the one fairly solid wards the end, the newspapers sud- example of a Muslim country that denly revealed that a government was also a working democracy. It ministry had been tapping the sol- looks less solid now. diers' telephones. Most curiously of On February 28th, Turkey's gen- all, the country's chief prosecutor, erals stuck their hand into politics shortly after saying he didnot think again (they had three full-scale such a thing could be successfully coups between 1960 and 1980)by is- done, brought a suit before the Con- suing a list of instructions to the stitutional Court calling for the Wel- 19

THE ECONOMIST JULY 19TH 1997

98 Revile de Presse-Press Review-Berlzevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prcnsa-Basm Özeti

GENERALS AND POLITICS fare Party to be banned. courage the wearing of scarves in schools of the secular regime. They were started, Not all of these things were organised and other buildings. But that is hardly rea- with the generals' blessing, back in the from military headquarters, though many son enough to ban a party. It even seems a 19505,and most of the existing ones were of them undoubtedly were. Nor have the rather liberal idea, when you reflect that founded in the 1970S and 1980s; not one generals had unanimous support among peasant mothers whose soldier sons have was added during Welfare's just-ended secular Turks who enjoy a western-style been wounded in the civil war against year in government. They are run, and in- way oflife: the main businessmen's associ- Kurdish rebels are made to remove their spected, by the state. They are also popular ation, in a list of proposals to improve daily headgear if they want to visit their with parents, since they tend to be more or- Turkish democracy, suggested abolishing boys in a military hospital. derly than other schools, and to get better the National Security Council. But eventu- Probe a little deeper than the public results. The generals want to cut the ground ally the pressure worked. Mr Erbakan said prosecutor does, and you dig up two fur- from under them by building more non-re- he would go; a vain attempt was made to ther charges. One is that Welfare has al- ligious secondary schools. But that would get the prime ministership transferred to lowed money to be brought into the coun- seem to clash with many parents' wishes, as Mrs Ciller; President Demirel said he pre- try, and has perhaps itselfprovided money, well as adding to the government's over- ferred Mr Yilmaz; Mr Yilmaz won some for Masonic-like secret societies dedicated spending. If Imam Hatip graduates subse- more defectors; and on July 12th he got his to spreading the Islamist word. This mayor quently do illegal things, they should be ar- majority, and the generals got their way. may not be true. It is hard to tell, because rested. But unless a disproportionate The problem with all this is not just that apart from one or two clear-cut episodes- number of them do, the case against these their victory could be short-lived. A schools does not seem to stand up. sizeablechunk ofMrYilmaz's major- After this, the charge-list grows ity last weekend consisted of the Re- even mistier. Mr Erbakan has sup- publican People's Party, but this ported the idea of building a party has refused to join the govern- mosque in Istanbul's Taksim Square, ment and would like a new election which is a bit like proposing a Chris-- in 1997,whereas MrYilmaz wants to tian revivalist centre in Piccadilly waituntil nextyear. Motherland and Circus. The Welfare mayor of a small the Democratic Left, the two chief town earlier this year invited the Ira- parts of the new coalition, will not nian ambassador to a Muslim reviv- find it easy to run a joint govern- alist rally, which was provocative but ment programme (the Democratic no dafter than a communist mayor Left is keen on bigger pensions for in cold-war Western Europe inviting public-sector workers, Motherland the Soviet ambassador to his country wants to cut the budget deficit and to a joint denunciation of capital- do some more privatisation~ ism. Various Welfare people have Turkish parties are anyway much said heated things at public meet- given to fragmentation; pieces regu- ings. A few of these are worrying (Is- larly drop off and join other parties, tanbul's mayor is quoted as saying and it is only half-jokingly said that that democracy is like a tram: you the average parliamentarian's price take it where you want to go, and is between $2m and $5m. Mr Yilmaz then you get o~ But most were just is a clever enough politician, but not politicians saying in the rough ac- the only one with the technique of cent ofAnatolian politics that, ifthey making converts. He is also rather a get elected, the other side had better dull dog,with little taste for big ideas Erbakan displeased the ghost of Ataturk not try keeping them out of office. and no known ability to capture people's imagination. He could have trou- such as the arrest at Istanbul airport of a 1he ftavourofthe 19305 ble holding on to that 25 majority. mari trying to smuggle in money from Is-- To be sure, allislamic revivalists need to be Butthere is a bigger reason for worrying lamists in Germany-most of the evidence examined through narrowed eyes. Some of about what has happened over the past five offered is distinctly murky. "Our control them are ignorantly and brutally dicta- months. When you inspect the list of ac- system is very good." "The information is to torial: look at the Taliban in Afghanistan, cusations that are said tojustify the Welfare be found in Welfare's computer system." and the wilder specimens in Algeria, Egypt Party's removal from government, they This is less than wholly convincing. and Pakistan. But not all are like this. turn out to be remarkably vague. The other chief complaint of the de- The mainline revivalist parties in Tuni- fenders of secularism concerns religious sia, Egypt and Jordan have said that they Not proven education. Turkey has about 500 Imam wish to operate within a democratic sys.- The chief prosecutor's reasons for saying Hatip ("Parson-Preacher") secondary and tem-multi-party freeelections, alternation that Welfare should be banned include high schools-a small fraction of the total of government and all. Malaysia's Islam- only a couple of things actually done by number of schools for children of that age- ist$, in that country's admittedly creaky Welfare during its past year in govern- which offer a modest dose of Muslim edu- semi-democracy, are obeying the rules.The ment-its attempt to insist that women cation to ll-to-I4-year olds on top of the reg- heartening discovery of the past few years is should be allowed to wear head-scarves in ular state curriculum but a much larger that the Muslim world's revivalist move- public buildings, despite a ban dating from dose, up to a third of the total week's work, ment is not a uniform entity; it is a spec- Ataturk's time, and MrErbakan's invita- to those above 14- The secularists' fear is trum, ranging from incurable authoritar- tion to dinner at the prime minister's house that these schools will pour out a flood of ians to devout searchers after God's will of some controversial people who, good fanatical young graduates like the Taliban who are nevertheless prepared to accept the gracious, "attended in attires in violation students of Afghanistan. people's judgment With any luck, Turkey's of revolutionary laws". It is perfectly true Unfortunately for the secularists, how- plump if occasionally excitable Mr Erbak- 20 that the Welfare-led government did en- ever, the Imam Hatip schools are a product an, and most ofhis party, are at the moder-

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GENERALS AND POLITICS ate end of the spectrum. , The fact thatthe leaders of the anti-Wel- fare campaign will have none ofthis says much about the psychology of Ataturk's Turkey. No, they insist, you can never trust a politician with the Koran in his hand; these people are trained to say one thingand do another; we secular Turks know in our bones that they are plotting to force a fundamentalist dictatorship on us. There is a neurotic edge to the way many secularists talk about the awkward, rather earnest,just- up-from-the-country sort of people who make up most of Mr Erbakan's following. This may be becàuse, when you look at it, the Ataturk definition of secularism is not quite what most otherwesterners mean by the word. There is still a flavour of the 19305about today's Turkey. It is notjust the most of today's Europeans and Americans the second lot make, subject to the same self-consciously heroic statuary, the assur- than it has with that of France's 19th-cen- proviso. Full stop;That is democracy. ances that "the army knows what the pe0- tury rationalists. Itis not merely an insis- In reply, the generals could say that ple want", the still far too big state sector of tence thät religious believers should keep their only concern is to preserve the rules of industry.The Turkey that Ataturk built two- the propagation oftheir ideas within the democracy.They do not support or oppose thirds ofa century agowas constructed out rulës ,ofthe democratic system. It is a prefer- any particular body of ideas; they merely of a now rather old-fashioned mixture of ence for excluding their ideas fromthe pub- want to make sure that the voters can make nationalism and rationalism. lic~rena altogether~Itisnot impartiality to- the choice, and change their choice next The nationalism was not too bad: the wards religion so much as a turning of the time iftheywish.Given Mr Erbakan's com- Turks treat their Kurdish minority very back ùponit.And this iswhy in 1997Turks mitment to the same principle, the generals badly, and they are stubborn about their in- who have inherited Ataturk's secularism will go back to their military business and terests in Cyprus" but Ataturkian Turkey and Turks in search of an Islamic revival watch the next election with impartial in- has never been a serious threat to its neigh- find themselvesgaiing at each other across terest. They might add, satta voce, that if bours. The rationalism part, alas, now feels a gulf of incomprehension. anybody really does break the rules they

like something out of a dusty past. I will know what to do about it. For most Europeans and Americans, a Iftbeydon't by If something like this happens, the secular state is a state in which the church Ifthegulfis to be bridged, both Mr Erbakan Turks can resume normal politics. Ifit does cannot dictate to the government and, in and the generals have tO,stretchout a hand. not, they face an increasingly isolated fu- America at least, the symbols and ceremo- Mr Erbakan can reasonably argue that in ture. A continuation of the army's cam- nies of the two are kept firmly separate. But his year in the prime ministership he did paign against the Welfare Pa~maybe this does not mean that for most people in ,not Visiblybreak any of democracy's rules. even a court order disbanding the party- the West of the 1990S the business of gOV" Hemight add that his fureign policy, apart will give new ammunition to the people in ernment can be conducted without refer- , from a smirk towards Iran and a humiliat- the European Union who say that Turkey

ence to some kind of moralorder. ,,': c .ing vi$it to Colonel Qaddafi's Libya, was will never be democratic enough to be a full The rational pursuit of self-intereSt is just the sort of thing the generals wanted: member of the EU (even though its eco- the necessary basis ofhuman activity but, if his government stayed a loyal member of nomic qualifications for membership are a country is to be worth living in, all those NATO, kept knocking on the European in some ways better than those of most of competing individual self-interests have to Union's door, and even let the Turkish the Eo'Sother current applicants~ It would operate within an agreed set of rules. The army get on with its cosy new programme also make it harder for the United States to rules may be derived from a belief in God, of military co-operation with Israel. insist on Turkey's military importance to or they may be constructed bya consensus But Mr Erbakan could go further. He the NATO alliance, since the countries now of non-believers; but in either case they will could formally commit himselfto the dem- seeking to join NATO are being told that draw upon the instinctive part of the ocratic .credo already voiced by open- they first have to prove they are good demo- mind-the tug of compassion, the intuitive minded Islamists in other countries. crats.And Iran's mullahs will be even more sense of right and wrong-as well as the What people believe or do not believe, anti-Turkey than they are now. purely rational part. Christian Democrats sàys this credo, is their own private busi- If the generals have got it wrong, on the and Christian socialists in Europe, Chris- ness; the state should keep its nose out. But other hand, and their harassment of Wel- tian revivalists in America and commu- both believers and non-beliévers should be fare wins indignant Islamists more votes in nitarians on both sides of the Atlantic free to put their ideas about the govern- Turkey's next election, the next Turkish gov- would all nowadays agree on that much. ment of the country, wherever in heaven or ernment is likely to be colder to NATO, less For Ataturk, though, rationalism was earth those ideas are said to come from, to interested in Europe, and on even pricklier king. To be useful, he said, religion "has to the country's voters. If they and their allies terms than its predecessors with the hard- conform ... to science and knowledge, to getthe support of a majority of the voters, nosed and ungodly men who run Iraq and logic." The phrase Ua moralorder" would they can put their proposals into law, pro- Syria.Either way, a country that could have probably have struck Ataturk, with his be- vided these laws do not clash with the been a demonstration of the compatibility lief in the absolute supremacy of reason, as country's constitution (which must itself ofIslam and democracy would be drifting something murky dug out of the medieval have the voters' approval~ Ifat the next elec- off into a lonely limbo between the two. receSsesof the Islamic mind. tion a different lot of people with different That is not what the democracies need, and This is why his sort of secularism has ideas win a majority of the votes, the first it is not what most Turks want. less in common with the secularism of lot will stand down and accept the changes • 21

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INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE, FRIDAY, AUGUST 1, 1997

Did 2d Gas Plume Hit U.S. Troops? Iraqi Depot Hit in Gulf War May Have Exposed 1housa1Uh American-led military alli- For more than five years Iraqi civilians may have been :ByPhilip Shenon anc~ had released a plume of after the war, the Defense De- contaminated as well. Nn<' York Times Sen'ice chemical weapons. partment had insisted that it James Turner, chief inveS'- BUFFALO, New York- They said that preliminary had no evidence to suggest tigator for the White House The United Nations has an- computer models suggested it that American troops had panel, said that Tuesday's announced that clouds of chem- was unlikely that the cloud been exposed to Iraqi chem- nouncement on Ukhaydir was ical weapons may have been had reached American troops ical 'Yeapons - and no an- "obviously a significant de- released from a second large in Saudi Arabia, although swers for the thousands ofvet- velopment" given the possi- Iraqi ammunition depot in the more modeling was needed erans who had complained of bility that many more troops vicinity of American troops before it could be ruled out. mysterious health problems. were exposed to chemical during the 1991 Gulf War, •'Obviously you don 't Last year, however, the weapons than previously thought. raising the possibility that the want to end up alarming Pentagon reversed itself and •'We need to do modeling number of troops exposed to people about a situation like announced that it had re- .to determine whether there chemical weapons cou.ld be this," said Robert Walpole, ceived evidence from the far larger than the Pentagon's who is overseeing the CIA United Nations suggesting was any U.S. dow.nwind haz- ard from that bombing," he latest estimate of as many as investigation of chemical ex- that American troops had posures during the Gulf War. been exposed to a cloud of the said. 100,000. The committee, which in- UN weapons inspectors He acknow ledged that if all nerve gas sarin when they c!udes scientists and physi- said Tuesday that Iraq in- of the hundreds of rockets had blew up a sprawling Iraqi de- CIans, was created by Pres- formed them only last year been des~oyed at the site, the pot in the southern Iraqi vil- ident Bill Clinton in 1995 to that hundreds of rockets mied plume of chemicals would lage of Kamisiyah, in March have "come close" to Amer- 1991, shortly after the war. investigate the ailments being, with mustard gas and nerve reported by thousands of Gulf gas had been stored during the ican troops in Rafba, but he Initially, the Pentagon sug- War veterans. More than war at the depot in Ukhaydir said that it was highly un- gested that only a few hun- 100,000 veterans have sought in southern Iraq, about 185 likely. dred American soldiers might special medical checkups miles (295 kilometers) north ,l'his is the second time in have been exposed to chem- from the Defense Department of the Saudi city of Rafba, two years that the UN ical weapons released from and the Department of Vet- where thousands of American weapons inspectors have Karnisiyah. But the estimate erans Affairs. troops were deployed. provided the Pentagon with has grown repeatedly over the In a report in January, the The United States received unwelcome news about the last year, and last week the this evidence earlier this year. possible exposure of Amer- Pentagon announced that its committee said that chemical weapons were probably not On Tuesday, the Pentagon Ican ,troops to chemical .latest computer models and the Central Intelligence weapons. They are testifying showed that the plume of responsible for the veterans' health problems, although it Agency confmned that the in Buffalo at a regional meet- nerve gas had passed over as called for millions of dollars Iraqi site had been bombed on ing of the Presidential Ad- many. as 98,900 American in new research on the health Feb. 14, 1991, and that the visory Committee on Gutf troops, or about lout of every effects of exposure to low United States now presumed War Veterans' Illnesses, a 7 American soldiers who .levels of chemical weapons. that the bombing by the special investigative panel. served in the war. Saudi and Clashes in northern Iraq claim nearly 300 lives Ankara • Turldsb DtUl}' News points. tl t high 1 1 • . Ankara said it held the 0 ration to su rt recen. y. a a - eve meebng m . . . • The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) the KOP in restoring ~ ~d to replaJ>po Washington whe.re he was strongly cnticIzed announced more than 200 members of the Baghdad' s lack of authority icithe area. and warned to WIthdraWsupport of the PKK. outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) The clashes reportedly mostly took place The PUK is one pf the two main Kurdish and 32 KDP members were killed during close to the Iranian border with northern Iraq. gro. ups that haveheld power in northern Iraq clashes in northern Iraq in the last three I has bee th . ed _ months, the An~tolia news agency reported. t . n reported that the PKK is forcing smce e area gam autonomy from The Turkish Armed Forces have staged a young people out of their camps and pushing Baghdad after the 1991 Gulf War. con~iderable withdraw~ from no£!hern Iraq, them to fight due to low numbers in the orga- A shaky cease fire has been held between . leavmg few troops behind, followmg nization left in northern Iraq. the PUK and its main regional rival, Massoud Turkey's cross-border operation into the area Young people who protest an order to fight Barzani's KOP, since the two sides ended where two ~~aI Kurdish groups clash. for tl)e ~KK are reportedly executed on the months of fighting last summer. KDP positions were attacked jointly by spot Eight of these youngsters, including six PKK and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) unidentified bodie.~,were found executed Turkish Dairy News fighters, according to the Anatolia reporter after they refused to fight. who was briefed by KOP officials at check The leader of the PUK, Jelal Talabani, was SATIJRDAY ..AUGUST2,1997

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process since i~ inception. Washington, a key player in the Iran: Wasbington peaceJ?rocess, h~ dem~d.ed that non- Arab "Iehran end Its objections to the peace moves and halt alleged support to ~ups such as Muslim militants .playing dishonest who (a(i!et rsrii~lis. TWbMtfsüicide bOmbers"on " Wednesday killed 13 ~ple in' ' Middle East role Jerusalem's main JewIsh market. Khamenei, whoselslamic republic has repeatedly denied any links to ter- Rafsanjani, in talks with Assad, calls rorism, ~d Washington "is being dis- .for continued struggle against Israel ~onest With Arab states by fully back- 109 Israel''' and called for coordination among Muslim countrieS to "confront Tehran- Reuters threats by their enemies". He praised Syria's "brave and explicit" policies of • Iran on Friday called on Arab states to "cor- refusing to bow to Israeli pressure. rec!" their policy toward Israel and accused the Iran's outgoing President Akbar Umted States of playing a dishonest role in the Hashemi Rafsanjani, in talks with Middle East. Assad earlier, called foi"a continued Israel "is an illegitimate entity ...and its ' struggle against Israel, Iran's official nature is against peace," Iran's spiritualleader news, agency !RNA said. ' Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was quoted as saying '. ''The Iranian president said .that the by state television during a meeting with visit- Islamit:Républic ...stressed the neéd for ing Syrian President Hafez al-Assad.' , struggling against the Zionist regime," He said Arab states "must correct their the agency s~d. Rafsanjani added that stance toward (Israel) and the so-called Middle they had to dISCUSSthe Increasing mili- "East (>eace erocess" which "proved to be fruit- tary links between Israel and Turkey less and an Illusion" as Iran had predicted long - seen by Damascus as a threatening ago. ". " ' step to encircle it - and the Middle Iran and Israel have been bitter enemies East economic summit scheduled for , since Iran~s 1979 Islamic revolution. Iran says Qà.tar in November that is supposed Israel has no right to exist and has been vehe- to I!1crease Israeli integration in the mently opposed to the Middle East peace regIon:

Washington givesN. Iraq $4 ID aid PUK leader Talabani pr~vide ~4 mil~on f~r humani-" .,. . tartan rehef projects 10 that mes to stay away' area," State Department from the press Deputy Spokesman James B. Foley announced on Friday. It is not clear yet which "pro- : Washington- Turkish Daily news jects" will count as a "humanitarian" one. • The Clinton administration In the past the Central announced that $4 million will Intelligence Agency (CIA) poured millions first to the be provided to "northern Iraq" opposition group Iraqi . for "humanitarianrelief pro- National Congress, and then to jects." the Amman-based Iraqi This sounded very much National Accord. Both opera- like the aid also mentioned by tions collapsed when Saddam the visiting Iraqi Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani, leader of Hussein helped KOP drove the Patriotic Union of north of 36th parallel in Kurdistan (PUK). Talabani September 1996, and capture held week:long meetings in the PUK-held regional admin- Washington with various istration center of Irbil. This administration senior officials time around, Mr. Talabani said discussing "reconciliation" he urged the administration to issues and implementation of make its support overt and not UN Res. 688 and 986, accord- covert. , the northern governorate of ' ing to PUK.., . "The funds are intended to Sulaymaniyah," Foley contin- "The United States, as part a~elionite the exceptionally ued. "This contribution will of its continuing commitment dIfficult humanitarian prob- complement other relief efforts to northern Iraq, has decided to lems that exist in and around throughout the north by the

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United States, U.N. agencies, the United Washington, for reasons unknown and Kingdom's Department for International despite what was announced by the State Development (DFID), the European Union, Department to.the contrary, did not invited the Turkish Red Crescent, non-~overnmental KDP' s Masoud Barzani this time around for organizations, and local institutions." si~ilar tal~. Talabani said on Wednesday he "The United States looks forward to contin- will be gomg to Ankara soon to discuss ued cooperation with the U.N. to ensure effec- money matters as well. tive implementation öf Security Council Resolutions 986 and 1111 throughout Iraq, Avoids press including U.N.-administered programs to Talabani, despite the extent of his week-long address the exceptional humanitarian needs contacts in Washington, tried to stay away among vulnerable groups in northern Iraq," from the press as much as possible. He, for Foley continued. exam{>le,gave .a presentati?n at a well-known "As with all its efforts concerning northern Washmgton thmk-tank which was closed to . Iraq, the United Stales will continue to respect the press. The reception that was given in his the unity and territorial integrity of Iraq." honor at the Washington Kurdish Institute was It is not yet known through which agency also clo~ed.to !he press. Again, the press was or mechanisms this money will be adminis- ,sent no mVltatlon to the lecture he'll be deliv- tered in northern Iraq, without creatin~ an ering on Saturday at Georgetown Holiday Inn. imbalance between PUK, its arch-rival Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP), and the TurkisbDaily News SUNDAY,AUGUST),I997 Turkmens .

•• Unal of Justice Ministry presents 'Southeast report' to Parliament In his study, which took nearly b~ucrat for.~y years, discussed ~e one of the leading figUres involv~ in the tri. K~dish question 10th~ frame~ork of I~t~r- als in the EuroPean Court of Human Rights two years to complete, Ünal na~<;mallegal proceedings, setting up SI!ID- against Turkey, has suggested a series of pro- makes his comments mostly in larlties betw~n the .Southeast question 10 posals for the solution of the issue, which can the context of 'defending Turkish Turkey ~d ~te~a~onal samples, such as be summarized as "steps to be taken in order the conflict I.nBn~. Seref Unal has report- to dispel intemaqonal pressure." rights in the 13 years of military ed;1~done this study 10dependently of any In bis report Onal, discussing the issue in struggle against the separatists' DllD1s!TY' .. the light of the ongoing cases in the This report ISthe third broa~ study on the European Court of Human Rights, criticized Southeast.. Professor Dogu Ergil, who wrote the demand !tom some circles for a "political SAADETORUÇ the ~lrSt,discuss~ the Southeast .from a soci- solution to the Kurdish issue," accusing olog1cal perspective for !he Turkish Union of these circles of having "malicious inten- Ankara • Turlcisb Dally News Chambers and Commodity Exports. tions" and being against the territorial • Associate Professor ~eref Onal, the head Afterwards, ~fe~sor BUlen! Tanör dis- integrity of Tur~.ey. . of the European Community Coordination cus~ the regi~n ~ CfonOID1C!enns for ,the ln bis report Unal emphasized that Turkey . Desk of the Ministry of Justice, presented his Turki~h ~dustnalists ~d Bus10essmen s must.~e some ~dditional steps, ~uch as study entitled '''The struggle agamst terrorism ASSOCiation. . . . appomting expe~enced ~ple With clean and the southeast question in the framework In the context o~lDtem~t1o~alla~, Onal ~ords .t? ~ecunty posts 10the Sou~east to ofinternationallaw" to Mustafa Kalemli the compared the Turkish legislatlon Withthat of Wipe cntiCISms of Turkey's human nghts Parliament Speaker and Oltan Sungurlu, the ~estem devel~ped countries and interna- abuse~. Accordin~ to him, the problem is the minister of justice last week. tiOnal conventions. . . . ~havlOur and attitudes of the.people apply- Onal, who has been an experienced The bureaucrat, ong1n~y a lawyer, who IS mg the laws, not a lack of le21slatlon.

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Regardi~g the Kurdish presence in the constitutions, adding that Turkey has used Southeast, Unal wrote: "Most citizens of the German Constitution as a guide for the Kurdish origin living in the southeastern OHAL. "There is no reason to criticize the ar~ of our country, mi~ated towestern village guard s.ystem applied in the regIOns of Tui'key especIally after the yeàr Southeast, for the reason that most countries 1950 and numbers decreased in the use special forces against terrorism, such as Southeast. " Delta Force in the United States, the Special __He ends his study referring to the remarks Air Services (SAS) in Britain, GS-9 in that former Turkish President Ismet Inonu Germany etcetera," he points out. addressed to Lord Curzon in the Lausanne Administrative, political negotiations: "The Turkish government also belongs to the Kurds for the reason that the ~nd judicial control real representatives of Kurds take their Unal suggests more central administrative, plaCes in the Turkish Parliament and join the political and judicial control for the OHAL administration of the country equally." region, for the reason that authority given to officials in the region causes many problems. ~inority rights - Torture Unal discussed the issue of minority rights in Commenting that torture is one of the issues a broad sense in his 200-page study, also putting !urkey in a t!oubledsituation in the refe~ng.to a remark by Max Van der Stoel, mternatIonal arena; Unal says that even the high commissioner for minorities for the t!t0ugh so~e ~riticism comes from subjec- Organization of Security and Cooperation in tIve orgarnzatIons such as Amnesty Europe. _ - International, Helsinki Watch and Turkish "I can not derme what a minority is, but I Human Rights Association, Ti.1rkeyhas to can recognize one when I see one;" says take steps, such as to abolish the "Law for Stoel, whose or~anization repre~ents the situ- Prosecuting Civil Servants," ation of minoritIes in the world. Rights According to Ünal, there is a lack of legislation in the world regarding minorities. :'The ,main reason for the Southeast question ISantI-propaganda made by some circles - -Even the defInition of a minority has still not -been deCided. ", - regarding the economic, social and cultural "It is impossible for our Muslim citizens underdevelopment orthe region. Since the of Kurdish origin to be defIned as a'minori- ~conomi~ and soci,alli~e h~ nearly stopped ty' because' of the proceedings in the m the regIOn, the SItuatIonISgetting worse LausaIUle Treaty which outlined the facts and worse. There are such regions even in most developed countries," he says in his about. Turkish Republic after the Turkish study. - ' , War of Independence. Accordin~ to the Lausanne Treaty only non-Muslims are Arguing that citizens of Kurdish origin defIned as minority. In fact, although those have had all constitutional rights and have of Kurdish origin had been d~fInedas ~ot ~n faced with any kind of discrimina- minorities, it would have been impossible to tIon, Unal has proposed some economic make new arrangements for them. Belonging improvements to be made, such as opening toaminority is an 'individual right', but not new working areas. He referred to the - a collective right. The present state of inter- Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) as having..a"special importance." _ -,- nationallaw does not reco~nize the collective right of minorities. This fact was repeat- Unal also urged the of citizens Kurdish edly expressed in the relevant conventions origin who have become rich to make with the warning 'the ri~hts of people investments in the region. ' belonging to national nunorities,'" he point- Language ed out. '~ the section ofhis study entitled '~Cultural - UN conventions ' Rights" he considers the possibility of using Ünal also suggests in,his repOrt that Ankara Kurdish names. ' - should approve the United Nations (U.N.) - But while discussing relations with the ü;:mv~nt;ton,on Preventing all kinds of Racial state, he' defends the current situation in DIscnnunabon, the U.N. Convention on which Kurdish is banned. "People who are Civil an~ Political Rights and the U.N. ' not able to speak Turkish are provided with Convention on Economic, Social and help by fI~ding them a ~an~lator," he s~ys. Cultural Rights. Turkey is one of the few Regarding broadcastIng m Kurdish, Unal -countries, which has not approved these yet suggests that the state TV, Turkish Radio "It is difficult to explain why Turkey still h~ and Television broadcast in Kurdish. not approved these conventions which has Consid~ring we formation of private Kurdish been approved by all countries, even by ~ statIons, Unal repeats the current situa- Rwanda where Hutu and Tutsi clans kill tIon as the following: "Our citizens of each other," he says in the report. Kurdishorigins can have TY stations broad- OHAL, Village guards - casting in Turkish." Regarding the Emergency Rule (OHAL) Regarding education in Kurdish, Ünal _ System cuq~ntly being applied in the-' proposes instituti.ons ~d.assoc~ations open Sou~east, Unal suggests the system should courses for Kurdish trauung, academic ~ lifted gradually, as repeatedly promised in _researches-to be made on Kurds and Kurdisha governmental platforms. ' - - in universities. . '~e state does not have to give instruc- Ünal briefs that the OHAL system is a ,tton m a language other than the officiallan- - democratic institution which operates as a guage but priyate schools can be established security plug and ispresent in all Western to train in Kurcijsh," he said, adding that 'nobody would be interested in private 104 Kurdish schools. Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

TurkisbDaily News MONDA y, AUGUST 4. 1997 Ministries argue over how to solve human rights

Foreign Ministry report: 'General down by the Constitutional Court and most of the deputies were arrested after the Staff rejects the abolition of Article 8' Parliament had lifted their immunity. Currently, Leyla Zana, Orhan Do~an, Report suggests high-profùe cases Se.lim Sadak_a,nd.:Hatip Dicl~~~ ia.Ankara Prisofteach liennng' L5 ,years sentence&. such as the Metin Goktepe and the DEP be speedily concluded Army wants to maintain Article 8 Significantly, the report noted that the Office of the General Staff rèjected even discussion SAADETORUC on whether or not Article 8 of the Turkish Penal Code, known as the Anti-terrorism A1Jk.era • TurIdsb DaHy News law, should be reviewed or abolished. The report is proposin" the following considera- • The Foreign Ministry proposes a series of tion on Article 8: 'Further legislative solutions for improving Turkey's human changes must not affect the struggle a~ainst rights record in Its report presented to the terrorism negatively, but enlarge the limits Prime Ministry, which reportedly includes of freedom of expression." many reactions from the Ministry of Justice The report also suggests abolishing and Ministry of Interior. The report has not yet been officially imprisonment for members of the press. ''The releasing of journalists and writers released to thelress because of continuing discussion~ an d.isput~s about its content imprisoned due to Article 8 and Article 312 among vanous 1ll.1D1stnes. . of the Anti-terror law will only be a gesture, The human rights report prepared by the but the current legislation will remain as Foreign Ministry, which was made available before," stated the report. to the Turkish Daily News, breaks down the Additionally in order to prevent torture issue of human rights into four categories: the report suggests that the highest level of • Allegations of torture the state make a declaration against it. • Allegations of disappearances • Institutional improvements Turkey'. Importanc • • Modernization of the police organization". In the first section of the report, Turkey is described as the only secular, democratic DEP cas. Muslim state and, with Israel, one of two A senior Turkish diplomat told the IDN that democratic states in the region. The report because the trial of deputies of the pro- notes that the democratic standards in Kurdish Democracy Party (DEP), their Turkey Were improvin~ day by day. As an arrest and the closing of the party was a sig- example, the repc;>rtpolDts to the flourishing nificant st~p backwards in TUrkey's human of private teleVIsion channels, The main rights record, the report suggests that there obstacle to freedom of expression, notes the be a quick conclusion to it and other high- report, is how to measure it against the need profile cases that have marred Turkey's for the unity of the state. Image abroad. The report also suggests quick action on the Metin Goktepe murder Ombud.man case, and the case involving the torture of The report also suggests that a position for teens in Manisa. an ombudsman should be created. As in The DEP case, in particular, is one that is European countries, an ombudsman would much discussed among western countries be responsible for ~ediating.on behalf of the when looking at Turkey's human rights. public who are having difficulties sorting out record. The DEP, which mainly consisted of various administrative, military, judicial or politicians of Kurdish origin, was closed other problems.

105 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Dienstag, 5. August 1997 • NT.178

Rückzug der türkischen Armee aus der Politik? Weitgehende Umbesetzungen an der Spitze der Streitkräfte . . Bei den diesjährigen BefOrderungen in der türkischen ~ee. sind am Woche~~nde al!e vier Kommandanten der Teilstreitkräfte ersetzt worden. Mit diesem Wechsel konnte die jüngste Periode, in der die Generäle massiv in die Politik eingriffen, zu Ende gehen. it. Istanbul, 4. August. Ho~~ung auf eine Normalisi~rung .in der Inne~- pohtik aufkommen. Im KonflIkt ZWIschenIslaml- Vier Tage lang hat der Oberste Militärrat der sten und Armee galten beide Generäle als Falken. Türkei über die diesjährigen BefOrderungenin ?ie Militärexperten gehen davon aus, dass General-. höchsten Ränge der Armee getagt, bevor er seme stabschef Karadayi die Umbesetzun~en dazu be- . Resultate am Montag Staatspräsident Demirel zur nutzte, um die «politisch allzuaktiven Mitglie- Billigung überreichte. Dem~ach ~d ...;.e~a~- der» aus der' Führung der Sicherheitskräfte zu tungsgemäss - General IsmaIl Hakki Karad~YIfur entfernen. Die Auswechslung der vier Komman- ein ~eiteres J~ Genera1s~bsc~ef der türkische.n dailten garantiert zudem Ruhe in den Sicherheits- StreItkräfte bleiben. OtTenslchtll~ha~f KaradaYIs kräften. Spekulationen, wonach Erkaya und Wunséh hinblieb General CeVlk BIr stellvertre- Koman ihre Ämter für ein weiteres Jahr behalten tender Genera1~tabschef. ~ada~ und Bir, der würden, drohten zeitweilig unter den Offizieren, im Konflikt mIt den IslamIsten ID den letzten die ihre eigenen Beförderungen blockiert sahen, Monaten immer wieder mit ausführlichen Presse- Unruhe auszulösen. erklärungen als «inomzieller Pressesprecher» der beunruhigten Omziere auftrat, sind die einzigen Beruhigung in OCCizierskreisen Repräsentanten der alten Garde. Die Komman- Pie Frage, ob die neuen Kommandanten in danten der vier Teilstreitkräfte;.. Landstreitkräfte, politischen Fragen tatsächlich zurückhaltender als Marine' Luftwaffe und Gendarmerie. - wurden ihre Vorgänger sein werden, dürfte die Türkei überras~henderweise ersetzt. Der Wechsel in den noch lange beschäftigen. Unumstritten ist aber, Reihen der Generäle wurde in der ÖtTentlichkeit dass der Rücktritt der Regierung ~rbakan eine mit Erleichterung aufgenommen. Die türkischen deutliche Beruhigung in den Kreisen der Offiziere Soldaten seien in die Kasernen zurückgekehrt, und der mehrheitlich westlich orientierten Elite lautet das Fazit der türkischen Presse. Die Umbe- herbeigeführt hat; Die Tatsache, dass die Regie- setzupgen sollen das Ende elner unruhigen Zeit rung von Mesut Yilmazbemüht .ist, den Wün- signalisieren, in der die Generäle erneut maSsiv schen der Generäle entgegenzukommen, wirkt auf interveniert und sich zum regulierenden Faktor die Arineeführung ebenfalls beruhigend. So hat der türkischen Politikerhoben hatten. die Regierung unmittelbar nach ihrem Amtsantritt fûr die Operation der türkischen Armee im Nord- Spannende Sitzung irak zusätzliche Gelder iri der Höhe von 130 Bil- lionen türkische Lira freigesetzt. Die Regierung Diese Periode hatte letzten Fèbruar begonnen, des Islamistenchefs Erbakan hatte dies otTensicht- als die Generäle ausserhalb .' der Haup~tadt lich verweigert und damit den Zorn der Generäle Ankarain der Islamistenhochburg Sincan Panzer auf sich gezogen. Pie Generäle würden sich nicht rollen liessen. In dbi folgenden Monaten steiger- mehr aktiv in die Politik einmischen, liess Kara- .ten sie ihren Druck, bis die von den .Islaniisten. dayi durchblick~n. Wie er kurz vor der Sitzung dominierte Regierung im Juni zurücktrat. Hinter d~s Obersten Militärrates sagte, habe der Kampf den Kulissen war damals die Rede davon, dass gegen den radikalen Islam bisher zu den Pflichten' die Februar-Intervention hauptsächlich von om- der Armee gehört. Von nun an sei die islamisti- . zieren der. mittleren Ränge getragen und vom sche Bewegung aber lediglich eine der Fragen, die Chef der Marine, Admiral Güven Erkaya, gelenkt die Armee aus Interesse venolgen werde. worden sei. Dass Erkaya sowie der Chef der Gen- darmerie, Koman, pensioniert wurden, lässt die Kurd's don't want to.goback Istanbul. TurIdsb D8/lJ News Rights Association who it was proclaimed Human Rights . with international office. had disappeared.. Association, if these '. human rights laws. • Kurds who were living '. The Kurds who were At the present tinie people are sent back to in Turkey's Southeast identified individually Efe is in Germany and Turkey they may per- l- Anatolia region where by name have taken the German court' s deci- haps be tortured again ~ 2: they allegedly under- refugein a church fol- sion would mean that he and disappear while in ~ -.é went pressure and tor-.' lowing a court decision will be sent back to . custody. ~ !;; ture before taking refuge in Ger:many's Saxony Turkey.. The report further -2:-> G in Germany have said State that they should be Along with Efe. said that Gérman offices os:; ~ that they do not want to returned to Turkey. are Ramazan Aka, should help those q >= be sent back to Turkey. Among them were Hasan Sincar, Sevki refugees who escape ~ ë3 Their current dilemma Abdullah Efe who Gök and Abdüfbaki from Turkey and take ~ ~ was explained in a press was taken into custody Özben. refuge in Germany and ~ Q conference held Tuesday in 1996 with his father According to the that they ought not to be ~ ~ at the Istanbul Human .Isa Efe at Derik and statement made by the sent back in accordance 106 I .

Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Turkey's aggressive EU drive may 'backfire,' European officials claim "This in turn will cause fresh anger in Europe and leave Ankara facing outbursts that are totally counterproductive, but which are a direct result of its own attitude," the source said. European diplo- SEMtH D. IDtz matie sources in Ankara concede that the latest Ankara- Turkish Daily News human rights report prepared by the Foreign Ministry and submitted to the prime minister "is a • Turkey's aggressive drive aimed at try- welcome recognition of where the real problem ing to join the "Europe train" at the lies," vis-a-vis Turkey's EU bid even ifit is "long European Union's Luxembourg summit in. overdue recognition." December may be backfiring. .But they have doubts firstly that this report Signs are emerging that this drive is wIll have the necessary effect on the Ministries of considered "counterproductive" in Europe Interior and Justice, where it is expected to be where it is said to be having the opposite resisted, and secondly whether the recommenda- effect to what Ankara wants; namely, to tions in the report can be implemented in time for enhance Turkey's chances in terms of its them to make any significant impression in EUbid. E~ope and sway the EU at its Luxembourg sum- . Meanw~ile, Ankara's attempts to show mIt. It!\elfas belOg better placed economically "The essential problem here is that individual than the countries the EU is due to start EU member states, the European Commission, accession talks with in 1998, are being and the European Parliament have all been given so many assurances in the past by Turkey on charact~rized as ."alienating" by more than one semor EU diplomat based in Turkey. democratization and human rights - assurances which were subsequently contradicted by actual ."Tu~ker is not gaining any leverage events - that, to be quite frank, Ankara has no WIt~thiS hn.e of.argumentation in Europe, real credibility on this score," the EU source told b':1tInstead ISahenating itself from coun- theTDN. tries such as Poland which are its tradition- "The only yardstick left for Europe to go on al friends and which do not like being after so many broken promises is actual develop- shown in a bad light by Ankara's efforts to ments. It is something of a 'we will believe it gloss its own image," one senior EU diplo- when we see it' attitude now," he added. EU mat told the Turkish Daily News. diplomats also acknowled~e the fact that "times Ank~~ reacte.d angrily to the European have changed for Europe,' and that political, Commlssl~n which in July recommended social and economic factors are also working to t~at accession talks start with five coun- Turkey's disadvantage at the present time. tnes plus "Cyprus," meaning Greek Using Poland as an example, they admit that c.yprus, but omitting Turkey. Turkish this country still has sÇ>meway to go in terms of dlplom~ts, while conceding Ankara's poor its economy and even to some extent its democra- credentials on human rights and democracy, neve~heless have been insisting that cy, to fully meet European standards. But they the TurkIsh economy is much better than say the Poles are "attune" to the favorable, and a~most all the countries with which acces- somewhat "emotional" attitude towards their sIon .talks are to be held in 1998. In an country by Europeans, who by and large consider . angrily worded statement Ankara castigat- Poland as an "undeserving victim" of events out- ed the European Commission at the time side its control this century, and therefore want it to be fully anchored in Europe. for its "big mistake" and said it hoped that EU . ,~y be~ng "attune" ~ this way, they say Poland leaders would correct this at their Luxembourg IS working day and mght" to send "the right sig- summit at the end of this year. nals" to a politIcally receptive Europe "both in "It is precisely this attitude of trying to brow- terms of its plans and in terms of its deeds." beat us into a certain mode of behavior that is ~ey add that Turkey i~ not .only far from rebounding on Turkey," another EU source told sen?ing any such convIncIng SIgnalS,but there is the Turkish Daily News. "The reality of the situa- al~o the fact that while its economy may be "on tion is that the Luxembour~ summit will sustain the right track" it still continues to have serious the European Commission s recommendation," deficiencies, one of the most serious being unem- he added. ployment. "What worries us is that Turkey - with its "With the problem of chronic unemployment aggr~ssive drive to get into thi~f~y photo, that in Turkey there is no politician in Germany, for meetIng or that conference - ISgOIngto react example, who can appear to be ~ving the green doubl~ an~y if it fInds out that the Luxembourg light to Turkish membership. GIven the prevalent sumnut will not correct the Commission's 'big fears ~ that country of be~g flooded by mistake, '" this source added. Anatolian peasants, especIally when there is so

107 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

much economic and social tunnoil following uni- It is noteworthy however, that they also laud fication, the so-called 'German resistance' to the attitude of Turkey's new Foreign Minister Turkish EU membership is not something that is ~smail Cern - although they have serious doubts . coming out of Helmut Kohl, as is widely believed .. If his government can survive-or achieve anything . in Turkey, but is an across-the-board phenome- 'concrete. non," is how one EU diplomat put it to the TDN. They are particularly pleased with Cern' s argu- The bottom line for most EU diplomats in ment that "it is notthe end of our world" just Ankara is that they do sincerely believe in because the European Commission has made an Turkey's place in Europe but see that there are no unfavorablerecommendation, and with his sug- "overnight miracles" in the making in this regard. gestion that Ankara should continue with its Turkey's pushiness on this score, they maintain, "European vocation" regardless of the is not only working to its detriment, but also mak- Commission, while also taking advantage of the ing the task of Europeans who believe in this other options open to it in its region and else- country's vital importance and its eventual place where. in Europe more difficult. Military planes bomb . PKK camps at Iraqiborder F-4 planes and helicopters the operation was continuing but Ankara - Turkish Daily News launched the operation in the early they gave no details on the number hours of Wednesday and utterly of casualties. The bodies of five ter- • Turkish security forces, supported destroyed the five PKK camps - rorists killed in previous clashes by aircraft, bombarded five newly- Kelmehmet, Besta, Yassikaya, were found near .the village of built camps of the outlawed. Karakovan and Meydankol- whiCh Akduman during a search of the Kurdistan Worker' s Party (PKK) at were built by Kurdish separatists area, Anatolia said. the border of northern Iraq on who managed to escape. during the Wednesday, the Anatolia news cross-border Operation Hammer last agency reported. May, Anatolia said. Authorities said

Talabani .meets UN secretary-general

A KDP delegation will visit . enforce resolution 688 which Ankara just after Talabani, demands that the government of Iraq ~ease repression of its citi- Turkish officials say zens. He called for continued vigi- Ankara' - Turkish Dally News . lance by the international community with regard to the plight of the • JalalTalabani, the leader of the Kurdish people, and the need'to . nort~er:n Ira9i opposition group, the provide guarantees for their future security and safety," said the state- Patnotlc Umon of Kurdistan (PUK) ment. . metwith U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, in New Yorkon Talabani is coming to Ankara T~esday t<;>di.scuss the Iraqi "cam~ . after talks in London next week. In palgn of ethmc cleansing," the puk addit.ion, a senior Foreign Ministry declared in.a press release on offiCIai told the Turkish Daily Wednesday. . . News that a Kurdistan In the statement released by the I?emocratic Party (KDP) delega- PUK, it was also reported that . tIon will be visiting Ankara after Talabani and Annan discussed rele- Talabani leaves Ankara. vant U.N. Security, Council resolu- It has not been clarified yet tioris against Iraq, such as resolu- whether or not the delegation tion 688. willbe headed by Massoud "Talabani urged the U.N. to Barzani, the KDP leader.

108 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Despite Talabani's 'forward position,' US aims a 'holding operation' But whether Barzani was also invited or the other. Talabani's welcome in 'Is something cooking in northern not, the real question is, what does the Washington w~s America's .way of saying Iraq?' Most experts disagree Clinton administration hope to accomplish that the 13arzam:Saddam ~lliance w.as not by pampering Talabani like a king when his accep~ble -. WIthOU~saymg anything a~ou arch-rival is not present for one reason or Barzam- Turkish relauons - and the UnIted u(juRAKINO another? States would do something about it, a source claimed. WashinJ!olJ~ Tur1dsb DaJly News Aiming at Bananl ere was the KOP's All the administration officials, former-offi- Taiabanillke. Baghdad too? Massoud Barzani while cials, think-tank scholars and Kurdish Yet, almost all sources again agreed that, Jalal Talabani was chauf- source~ we contacted in Wasl?ington for this despit~ Talabani's reputation as "Tehran's feured around Washington analysIs agree on the same thing: that ~e man," It was a dog-eat-dog world out there, in his wine-red Lincoln admInistration wanted to send a very suff and there was a real possibility that Continental? signal to Massoud Barzani "to mend his Talabani could also throw in the towel and Down in northern Iraq, reportedly fight- ways." . . . cut a deal ofhis own with Saddam Hussein ing the PKK at this time of writing and .One cl~,se observer of iraqI a1'f~ I?utIt as well. So Washington may have decided "suffering big losses," according to a TON thIS wal: There are two very cntIcallssues to wean Talabani away from Tehran as well source. That must be part of the reason why in all 0 northern Iraq: Erbil and money. as not leaving him with any excuses to flip his two brothers in Washington abruptly left Massoud Barzani has got them both and is sides and run to Saddam's arms, the ana- the city within the last few days, heading for not sharing them with anybody. This is the lysts argued. northern Iraq. administration's way of saying Barzani bet- . .. ter change his monopolistic attitude." Debate within PUK Bananllnvlted? How Barzani's monopoly came about is "There has been a debate within the PUK The State Department's I?ress office assured of course as important for Washington as for some time," an insider source told TON. journalists that a similar Invitation had been the end result. The Barzani clan had always "Some within the PUK said, 'we waited for sent to Massoud Barzani as well, but he did controlled ~e Turkish border and thus had the United States to do something for too not res~nd. When TON checked, the full access to the proceeds from the Habur lon~. The United States toyed around with Barzam family said it absolutely was not border gate. the Idea of an opposition but did not help us true and Massoud Barzani received no invi- But Erbil's ca()ture back from PUK when Saddam attacked us. The KOP not tation whatsoever. So we called the relevant forces happened m September 1996 only only got Turkish support but captured Erbil bureau of the State Department, to find out with the support of Saddam Hussein' s too. And even then, Washington did not if they would counter the KOP claim. But Republican Guard divisions. It was an punish or condemn Barzani. So what' s hold the bureau merely gave a suspicious "no alliance that shocked the Kurdish world, mg us back from getting our own deal with comment." . given the fact that thousands of Kurds as Saddam?'" So it looked as if Barzani did not $et an well as dozebs from Barzani' s own family "On the other hand, the Iranians, which invitation after all. A TON source SaIdthat, had been killed in the past by Baghdad's are seen in the PUK's corner, also could not when an informal probe through back-chan- forces. do much when Saddam and the KOP invad- nels showed that Barzani would not accept ed the north last fall," the source said. "So an invitation, in order not to lose face, the News Analysis coverall, there exists some good arguments State Department decided not to send an within the PUK why they could get closer t invitation at all. Baghdad. And the Amencans are aware of Another State Department official, how- Since then, despite the "Ankara Process," that too." . ever, insisted that Barzani was definitely . there has been a discernible rapprochement sent an invitation. We tend to believe that between Ankara and the KOP, on the one PR leak. he was not. hand, and between PUK and the PKK, on To compound the squeeze on Barzani, both

109 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Talabani and Ahmad Chalabi of the Iraqi "But, two: you should not leave the National Congress (INC) have also escalat- Ankara process. You have nothing to gain ed a very-targeted public relations war by doing so. Stick with the Ankara process,; against the KDP. and we'll help you materially, if modestly, There are many reports ofTalabani and tobalance the situation." , Chalabi harping to the administration about "And thirdly," the administratio~ offi- the $1 million per day that the KDP alleged- cials reportedly_!~ldTalabani," cut all your- ly earns from truck traffic at the Turkish- ties with the PICK, once and for all. Quit Iraq border. There have been unsigned playing the PKK-card against Ankara. anonymous documents appearing lately on' Honor the October '96 declaration that you , journalists' fax machines giving very signed with the KDP, in which you guaran- detailed expositions of how the Barzani teed the security of the Turkish border by family is making millions from trucking oil, keeping the PKK away. Yolt'have not done _ black-market cigarettes, and even drugs. that and it's time you do so.Ïhat way you Nechirvan Barzani,.for example, a broth- will also not create a reason for the Turkish er of Massoud, supposedly personally troops to enter northern Iraq in hot pursuit makes $20,000'.amonth from each gas sta" of the PKK." " tion that he owns in northern Iraq, and he owns 300 of them. And his business partner September test is sUPl?osedlynone other than Uday September will be a test ofWashington's Hussem, Saddam's son. Anti-KDP sources efforts (or, perhaps, gamble) to strengthen in Washington claim that is how Nechirvan the Ankara process by rolling out the red- paid $1.5 million dollars for a villa in Great carpet for Talabani, and thus, by the same Falls, a plush sùburb near Washin~on. The token, hopefully providing an incentive for allegation could not ~e confirmed mdepen- Barzani to keep Baghdad at arm's length dently by TDN. , ' , and return to the fold. And all this is happening while the par-. But the trouble is there are many in ties are allegedly getting ready to D'leet ' Turke)' who don't hate Saddam the way again in Ankàra in September for yet an.9th- Amencans do and believe in doin~ some- er round of "Ankara talks," with Turkey as thing to compensate for the $30 blllion loss the host, aDd the United States "ana Britain Turkey suffered by honoring UN-sanctions as partiCipants. The previous meeting on against Iraq. July 17-.18 was canceled, reportedly at , . If ~an~ell~tion of the July 17-18 meetin~s Turkey's request. Chalabi is expect~ to pay Jalal Talabanl ISan mdlcation, progress between the Iraqi a visit to Ankara at the end of this month. ' Kurdisb.p!U1ies and revampiQg of the "Iraqi Wherever Talabani went in Washington, oppos~tibn"~i1cluding'.thq 'fllI'lromans, he introduced himself as the naturalleàder Assynans, and Arabs as well) will take a lot of the "united Iraqi opposition" against, . . ' more than dramatic moves to promote- Baghdad. ',' ," . . The maJonty of ~~ sources, howe~er, for tactical reasons - one local leader over At one thi.I1ktank, he even produced let- discounted the possibilIty that Talabam the other ters of support from nine IraqI opposition might be anointed as the leader of the new- . groups, all, of course, endorsmg his le~der;. and-improved Iraqi (Kurdish) opposition, to ship. But since even the KDP and the', " replace Barzani. Amman-based "Iraqi National Accord" are Given the deep personal animosity still technically a part of the defunct INC, between the two Kurdish leaders, Barzani such letters probably do not carry much wou}d'n~ver defer to.Tal!lbani ..sources said. weight anyway. ' If there was anyone who deférred it was Talabani, they said, who agreed to have Something cooking? ' Barz~ be part of the INC. Troika, with an Some sources said, although they did not ex-Iraqi-general and a clenc. Turkish Daily News have any proof of it, th~t all this attention, Holding operation lavished on Talabani could be the sign of To sum it all up, despite the "forward posi- yet another American attempt - following tion" taken by Talabani by promptly accept- the collapse of the whole CIA-infrastructure ing (nay, perhaps engineering) SATURDAY;AUGUST9.1~7 in northern Iraq in the fall of 1996 - to' Washington's invitation and aggressively "organize" a new "oppositioneffort'~ against pushing himself as the man on a white Saddam. Talabani himself insisted that.all horse, Washington is mostly interested in a U.S. support this'time around should be. "holding operation," most experts think. overt, and not covert., "We haye to get Saddam Hussein and we After all, the censpiracy-minded' are the only ones who can do it," Talabani ' observers argue, there is an activist reportedly told the U.S. officials behind Secretary of State in office who, in her closed doors. "But we want help and maten . March 1997 speech at Georgetown . al aid since the KDP is hogging it àll." University, openly said that Saddam .• Hussein has to go. Shortly after that, Bruce Three messages Reidel of the National Security Council, The United States, in an effort tobalance made it clear at another conference that the the out-of.,.U.S.-orbit KDP, reportedly said United States would continue to "contain" the following to Talabani:' " Baghdad to the bitter end. So perhaps this "One: We care about the Kurds. We will' new American team is willing to take the continue to protect them from Saddam's' " risks that another Secretary of State, Warren wrath. We'll make sure they get food and ' Christopher, did p.ot want to take. medicine."

110 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Oelltro dc III Prcl1sll-BllSlJl Özeti Einseitige Reform des türkischen Bildungswesens Eindämmung der religiösen Mittelschulen als Hauptziel Die Debatte über die angekündigte Verlängenmg der obligatorischen Grundausbildung von fünf auf acht Jahre überschattet seit Wochen das politische Leben in der Türkei und heizt den Konflikt zwischen den Islamisten und ihren Gegnern an. Bei ihrer Reform wagt sich die Regierung Yilmaz nicht daran, den Inhalt des SchulstofTszu verändern, der laut Experten «längst überholt und rassistisch» ist it. Istanbul, 9. August «Die Herrscher in Ankara wollen die Imam- und gehen zur Arbeil Rund Il Prozent der Hatip-Schulen schliessen.» Diesen Satz sagt Ibra. Jugendlichen zwischen 11 und 19 Jahren besu- him Solman, Direktor des Vereins der Absolven- chen die religiösen Imam-Hatip-Schulen, die die ten der Imam-Hatip-Schulen (Predigerschulen), ganze Sekundarstufe abdecken. Dieser Bildungs- immer wieder und wird bei jedem Mal zorniger. weg wurde nach der Mitte der siebziger Jahre fUr Gegenüber breiten sich die grosszügigen Anlagen Familien der ärmeren Schichten zu einer populä- der Fatih-Moschee aus. Das zentral gelegene ren Alternative. Die religiösen Schulen waren Istanbuler Viertel Fatih macht seit Mitte der acht- nämlich oft mit besseren Lehrkräften als die staat. ziger Jahre Schlagzeilen. Hier kann man die Re. lichen Mittelschulen besetzt und versprachen vor Islamisierung der türkischen Gesellschaft deutlich allem der Jugend aus den anatolischen Provinz- erkennen. Die Frauen gehen verhüllt, die Männer städten oder den Slumvierteln der Metropolen tragen den Bart der Gläubigen, und die meisten sozialen Aufstieg. Als Paradebeispiel für den Er- Kinder besuchen die religiösen Koran-Kurse und folg der Imam-Hatip-Schulen gilt etwa der Bür- Imam-Hatip-Schulen. Fatih ist eine Hochburg des germeister Istanbuls, Erdogan, Kind einer Familie politischen Islams in der Türkei. Bis im Juni, als aus dem Armenviertel Kasimpasa. Mit der Ein- die islamistische Regierung Erbakan zurücktreten führung der achtjährigen Grundausbildung wird musste, ßösste das Gebiet den westlich orientier. den Imam-Hatip.Schulen der Nachwuchs ent- ten Bürgern Furcht ein und den Islamisten Zuver. zogen, der für Indoktrination empflnglich ist. sicht, dass der Tag, an dem sie die Macht ganz Noch hegen die Islamisten die trügerische übernehmen würden, nicht weit sein könnte. Hoffnung, wonach der konservative Flügel der mitregierenden Mutterlandspartei (Anap) gegen Entschlossene Gegner das Bildungsgesetz stimmen werde. Die neue Dieses Selbstvertrauen scheint Anfang August Regierungverfugt aber kaum über Freiraum. Die gebrochen zu sein. Das angekündigte Gesetz Über Generäle sind erst in ihre Kasernen zurückge- die Erweiterung der obligatorischen GrundausbiI. kehrt, nachdem der Regierungschef Yilmaz ihnen .dung von fünf auf ~ht Jahre hat die Islamisten versprochen hatte, die Bildungsreform zu realisie- verunsichert. Es sei ein «mörderisches» Gesetz, ren. Dass das Bildungs. wie das Kulturministe- erläutert Solman. Sein Hauptziel sei nämlich rium Kadern von Bü1ent &evits Partei der nicht, die jungen Generationen besser auszubil- Demokratischen Unken (DSP) übergeben wurden, sondern die religiöse Ausbildung zu elimi- den, gilt den Militärs als Garantie dafür. nieren. Solman 'stellt eine Rechnung auf: In der Türkei gebe es 1 300 000 Absolventen von Imam. Mutter aller Rassen Hatip.Schulen. Weitere 650 000 Jugendliche wür- Im Gebäude des Verbands «Union im Bil- den gegenwärtig in solchen Institutionen studie- dungswesen» (Egitim Sen) ist die Stimmung ge- ren, und 250000 Kinder besuchten Koran-Kurse. dämpft. Die anwesenden Mitglieder betrachten Rechne man die Familie der Absolventen dazu, so die Debatte zwischen Armee und Islamisten mit ergebe dies eine Zahl von mehreren Millionen Distanz. Es herrscht hier die Überzeugung, dass Bürgern, die bereit seien, für ihr Recht auf reli. die Re-Islamisierung jahrelang vom Staat gef6r- giöse Ausbildung zu kämpfen. d~rt. wurde als Mittel gegen die linke Bewegung, Solman lässt die Drohung mit einer Konfronta- die un letzten halben Jahrhundert als die grösste tion bewusst mitschwingen, offenbar weil er Gefahr galt. Die Fakten sprechen dafür: 375 der weiss, dass das andere Lager genauso entschlos- 600 Imam-Hatip-Schulen wurden von Regierun. sen ist Sechs Jahre nach dem Zusammenbruch gen des heutigen'Staatspräsidenten Demirel eröff. der Sowjetunion hat das türkische Establishment net. Demirel will heute aber den Kampf gegen die den politischen Islam erstmals _als.Gefahr Num. Islamisten führen. General Kenan Evren, An. mer eins deklariert. Auch die Generäle hatten ihre führer des Staatsstreichs von 1980, hatte ferner ZahIenspiele gemacht Sie behaupten, die islami. den obligatorischen Religionsunterricht einge- stischè Wohlfahrtspartei .würde im J~ 2000 bis führt und den Zufluss saudiarabischer Gelder in zu 36 Prozent d.er Stimmen auf sich yereinigen, Institutionen des Bildungswesens ermöglicht. ~oUte die religiöse Ausbildung -wie--bisher fort. Beim neuen Gesetz kann laut den Experten von gesetzt werden. So wurde die achtjährige Grund- Egitim Sen von einer Bildungsreform nicht die ausbildung zum Grundpfeiler einer Strategie zur 'Re~e sein .. Dabei wäre eine Reform dringend Bekämpfung der «islamistischen Gefahr» erklärt. nötig. So gIbt es zu wenig Schulräume, und die Die obligatorische Grundausbildung dauert in Lehrer sind mit einem monatlichen Durch- der Türkei fünf Jahre. Die Sekundarstufe besteht schnittslohn von 450 Franken unterbezahlt. Klas- aus einer dreijährigen Mittelschule sowie aus dem sen mit durchschnittlich 70 Schülern haben zur ebenfalls dreijlihrigen allgemeinbildenden Gym- Folge, dass die Bildung auf reines Auswendig- nasium (Use). 24 Prozent der türkischen Kinder lernen reduziert wird. Das grösste Problem dürfte verlassen gemAss einem Anfang August veröffent- allerdings inhaltlicher Natur sein. Wie Egitim Sen lichten Bericht der Internationalen Arbeitsorgani. in einem Bericht festhält, ist der Schulstoff «rassi- sation im Alter von 10 bis 14 Jahren die Schule stisch, chauvinistisch und sexistisch».

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Jeder ~hultag beginnt in der Türkei mit einer gabung unschlagbar seien, dass die Türkei aber Zeremonie. Wie Soldaten stramm in Reihen auf. von Feinden umgeben sei, die nur darauf warte- gestellt, schreien die Kinder: «Ich bin ein Türke. ten, das Land zu zerstückeln. Ich bin aufrichtig undfleissig. Meine Existenzsoil . Ob dieser Schulstoff, der sich auf Bücher des der.EXistenz der türkischen Nation dienen.» Was Erziehungsministeriums aus dem Jahr 1932 stützt, die Schüler im Unterricht über ihren nationalen der jungen Generation helfen kann, sich etwa auf Ursprung erfahren, unterscheidet sich stark von . einen Beitritt in die EU vorzubereiten oder die dem, was im Ausland als geschichtliche Fakten grossen Probleme der Türkei zu überwinden, ist gilt. Die türkische Rasse sei die Mutterrasse der fraglich. Die «Reform» der Regierung Yilmaz gesamten Menschheit, haben die Lehrer zu unter- geht jedenfalls auf diesen Aspekt nicht ein. Die richtett, und dass aus der türkischen Sprache, der Debatte beschränkt sich lediglich auf die Frage, «ältesten und besteq», alle übrigen Sprachen ge- ob die Grundausbildung mof oder acht Jahre lang boren worden seien. dauern soll. Das neue Gesetz soll nächste Woche dem Parlament vorgelegt werden. Wieviel seine Wirre Debatte Realisierung kosten wird,. bleibt auch für die Regierung noch ein Rätsel. Die zuständigen Mini- Die sogenannte «Sonnentheorie», vom Repu- ster haben sich nämlich bisher nicht einigen kön- bliksgrfinder Kemal A~türk entwickelt, darf dem nen und nennen Zahlen, die zwischen 300 Billio- Dogma der kemalistischen Armee entsprechend nen und 1,5Billiarden türkische Lira (3 bezie- nicht angetastet werden. Offenbar. gemäss einer hungsweise 15 Milliarden Franken) variieren. Anordnung des vom Militär dominierten Sicher- heitsrates erfahren die Kinder ferner, dass' die Türken in ihrer J(rjew;kunst und militärischen Be- Turkey dismisses S. Mrica's helicopter embargo

METEHAN DEMIR . Turkish Defense Industries Undersecretarlat (SSM) from Ankani -Turkish Daily News the tender last May. Just weeks before Turkey's $3.5 billion bidding for the attack helicopters, South Africa lifted • Turkey has played down the South African govern- its previous embargo against Turkey which had been ment's decision to veto the so-called sale of 12 Rooivalk implemented two years earlier. A senior defense official attack helicopters to the country. said that they had asked the Foreign Ministry whether to High-level military and diplomatic sources told the include South Africa in the bidding. The result was nega- Turkish Daily News on Monday that there is no need to tive because the country' s maneuver to lift the embargo take such a decision into consideration because Turkey. on the eve of bidding was considered to be solelyin did not request and will never request any helicopters order to have a piece of the "cake." News agencieS, including Anatolia and Reuters, over from South Africa. They pointed out that Turkey has the weekend quoted 'The Sunday Independent" which already opened a bid for helicofters. said that the decision to block the 1.2 billion rand ($257 Ankara also blasted Pretorias official protest iS1>ued ~llion) sale of helicopter gunships to Turkey was made by the Undersecretariat Defense Industries (SSM), the at the last meeting of the National Conventional Arms key decision making body in the defense industry. It said Control Committee on July 17. "Turkey is guilty of com- that such reports that Turkey has requested helicopters mitting human rights violations against Kurdish from S. Africa are baseless and also Denel Aviation refugees, which include the bombardment of Kurdish finn's demand to sell helicopters to Turkey was rejected refugee camps," LaUrie Nathan of the Centre for Conflict by Turkish officials. . Resolution told the paper. 'The .Rooivalk could have beed used for this purpose." Members of the committee Reasons for S. Africa'. negative were not available for comment ön the report. attitude toward Turkey The reported decision followed an application by the South Africa's~one-sided initiative to veto the so-called, arms industry seeking guidance on whether to proceed but apparently, non-existent request for 8ttack helicopters with negotiations for the sale of the helicopters to was probably the result of their removallast May from Turkey. Confmning the reimposition of the embargo this Turkey's $3.5 billion tender to produce at least 145 week, committee chainnan Kader Asmal was quoted by assault helicopters with a foreign helicopter manufactur- the Sunday Independent as saying that the decision had er, said defense sources. South Africa probably planned been taken follo~ing consideration of Turkey's domi- to take revenge for this exclusion by creating stories that nantposition in the region, its continuing human rights they vetoed a helicopter sale to Turkey, said sources. violations and its illegal occupation of part of Cyprus. Despite its willingness to have a piece of Turkey's Meanwhile, offIciais of Denel Aviation, the represen- $3.5 billion pie to produce assault helicopters, a fIrm tative fum in Turkey for the Rooivalk helicopters said from the Republic of South Africa was excluded by that there was not any negotiation with Turkish officials

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for the helicopters, but if any sale happens from South nies that were asked to submit bids are as follows; the A- Africa to any country, Pretoria must approve the sale. 129 International (Mangusta), built by the Italian compa- South African "Embassy officials in Ankara said that their ny Augusta; the French-German designed Tiger, built by country has a consistent policy in the sale of any the joint venture Eurocopter; Russia's Mi-28 Havoc and weapons abroad adding that probably, the Denel compa- Mi-24 Hind helicopters. Also in contention are ny demanded permission from the government's com- American products such as Bell-Textron's King Cobra, mittee to sell such helicopters to Turkey. an advanced version of the Super Cobra, McDonnell Douglas's Apache Long Bow, and Sikorsky and What is Turkey'sactual helicopter plan? Boeing's joint design Comanche Reconnaissance and According to the current plan, Turkey will produce either attack hehcopter (RAH-66) model, which is also a an "assault" helicopter or a "third generation" helicopter stealth helicopter. to meet its needs ili the 21st century, utilizing a foreign In the long term, Turkeyalso plans to increase the helicopter manufacturer with maximum local ~~t number of its fleet of both assault and general purpose Turkey began the "Request for Proposals" (RFP) helicopters to 750 by producing them in its own facilities process on May 30 wit.h seven foreign helicopter firms with maximum local mput. Turkeyalso plans to sell heli- who are to submit bids for the $3.5 billion, 145 attack copters to third countries including Turkic states in the helicopters project. Helicopters produced by the compa- future. Dori Gold: N etanyahu knows that Syria supports PKK

Turkish concerns Turkish Daily News WEDNESDAY,AUGUST 13.1997 Some Turkish leaders are concerned that Israel would sign a p~ace agreement with Syria without, however, exertmg any pressure on Syria to cut its 'For the peace process to succeed, all terror support for the PKK. must be eradicated in the region' Some Turks are also concerned about the degr~e to which Israel is motivated to support the Turkish theses on the allocation of precious water UGURAKlNCI resources between Turkey and some of her southern neighbors. . Washington - Turkish Dally News Israel herse.lf is being challenged by some of her Arab neighbors for allegedly over-utilizing the • Dori Gold, Israel's ambassador to the United limited underground water reserves of the region. Nations and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's one-man think-tank, said the new Likud government was aware of the anti-Turkish Contra.t to Peres terrorism supported by Damascus. Ambassador Gold's response to the TDN was in static contrast to that of former Prime Minister Talking to the Turkish Daily News after a presen- Shimon Peres, of the Labor Party. tation at the Washington Institute for Near East When TDN asked the former Israeli Prime Policy on the future of the Middle East Peace Minister Shimon Peres, during a National Press Process, Ambassador Gold said: "Prime Minister Club appearance in Dec. 1995, if Israel was plan- Netanyahu is very much aware of the support Syria ning to keep the Turkish concern for PKK terrorism has provided for the PKK against Turkey. He is on the table in its negotiations with Syria, Peres very much aware that in order for the peace process acted as though he were baffled. to work and be comprehensive, terrorism must be To this reporter's question whether Israel eradicated throughout the region." would insist that Syria expel the PKK as part of an Peace without victims overall peace agreement between 1-srael and Syria, "I was once in a meeting of [now] Prime Minister Peres responded: "I am sorry, where did Turkey Netanyahu and rTurkishl President Demirel - and come in the story? .. I wouldn't like to speak about lhis was during when we were in opposition," Gold a situation which I am not sure that I am fully aware continued. of ... " "One of the statements made was that Prime Minister Netanyahu seems to be fully 'peace should not be made at anybody's expense.' aware of what Mr. Peres admitted he wasn't back in And I think everybody knows what that means," 1995. he said. 113 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Talabani in Turkey forsupport Turkish Dally News Thursday, August 14. 1997 against 'Arabization' ofN. Iraq . Local Turkmen are reported- recently visited the region, conf1imed discussing a joint administration for ...... db' t the so-called "Arabization" campaign the cities of Kirkuk and Sinjar. The 1y a1so concerne a ou '. . by the Iraqi government in northern Kurdish parties are playing all of their Baghdad' s'efforts to 'ethni- Iraq. A northern Iraqi source talking cards." . . . . cally cleanse' the region to the 1DN cl~ed tha~ B~ghda~:. J:ie added that S.heikh Jafer and .' appeared detenruned this tlme to eth- Fendun Abdulkadir, both from the meally cleanse" northern Iraq and that PUl(, met with Tariq Aziz and one of SAADETORUÇ it was imple~en~g this campaign Saddam's sons in Baghdad only a few Ankara - Turklsh Daily News under resolutIons It adopted on July 6 . days ago. He maintained that the KDP and July 28. was also in contact with Baghdad at • Jalal Talabani, the leader of the Northern Iraqi opposition sources the levelofthe party's politburo . northern Iraqi Patriotic Union of . are also claiming that Iraqi strongman Another source told the 1DN that Kurdistan (PUK), arrived in Ankara Saddam Hussein has plans to bring a PUK leader Jalal Talabani was work- on Wednesday after completing a long million Pales~ans ~om ~banon ing for the expansion of the United visit to Washington, whère he had and se:ttle ~em m theIr regIOn. The Nations imposed no-fly zone in north- extensive talks with U.S. officials; say ~s Will a.dversely affect the em Iraq, which currently extends to Talabani was due to hold talks. with Kurdis~-donunated demography of the to the 36th parallèl. Foreign Minister Ismail Cem and the regIOn. ", ,Suchand extension will reportedly other senior Turkish officials today on The two resolutions adopted by bring the Kurdish Sorani tribe, cur- the situation in northern Iraq. .Baghdad inJulyenable.a1l.-Arabs to rently falling outside the no-fly zone, While in the U.S. capital, Talabani, . settle in Iraq, to have Iraqi identity under the protection of this arrange- expressed his concern about the . papers and to acquire land on Iraqi ter- mént. The Sorani Kurds are said to be "Arabization" of northern Iraq; . ritory. '.' .' .. ' ., supporters of Jalal Talabani and his He was expëcted to repeat the same The July 6 resolution is said to PUK. Local Turkmen are also said to complaint in his talks in Ankara. enable all Palestinian supporters of the be supporting the PUl(, on this with The Turkish side, on the other . Iraqi Baath Party leadb.y Saddam the condition that a Turkish military hand, will reportedly pressure him to Hussein to enjoy exteDSlve advantages force be replaced in that (egion or if me more clear concerning his attitude in Iraq. These resolutionS are said to this isnot possible for the whole towards the outlawed Kurdistan . be "messages to the Wes(' relating to region to be demilitarized. Workers' Party, which has bases in the exclusion of Iraq from the Middle A senior Kurdish source main- northern Iraq. Ankara will also warn East peace process. tained that former Deputy Prime him against his "flirting with Iran," Minister and Foreign Minister Tansu sources told the Turkish Daily News. PUKand Baghdad? . Çiller had discussed this issue with the The other key Kurdish faction in '. Meanwhile, Davud Baghistani a . leader of the Turkmen Front, Sinan the region, the Kurdistan Democratic KurQish human rights activist who is Çelebi and Talabani during the PUJ('s Party (KDP) lead by Massoud close to KurdiSh politiCalleàders in previous visit to Ankara in January. Barzani, has established ties with northern. Iraq; told the 1DN by phone Baghdad, which both the PUK and the from Erbilon Wednesday that both Turkmen are said to be concerned the iraqi Kurdish factions were in con- about. A Western diplomat, who . tact with Baghdad. wished to remain anonymous and who "The PUK and Baghdad have been

August 14.1997 Washington repeats otTer to start TU.-DaIlVNewsconditionaldialo2Ue with Tehran UGUR AIONeI . ,., destruction:" '.. . . Washington - Turklsh Dally News Iran's newly elected president Mohammad Khatami announced the new cabinet. Iran's for- .• As a possible harbinger of a future shift in mer UN representative, Kamal Kharrazi, is Washington's containment of Tehran, the U.S. named Iran's new foreign minister, replacing Ali State Department re~ated on Tuesday its previ- Akbar Velayeti. In answering a question con- ous offer to start a dialogue with Iran if two ' cerning the reading of the State Department on main conditions are met: ' Khatami's new foreign minister, department 1. Iran should offer authorized representatives spokesman Jamie Rubin said, "As far as a specif- ror a dialogue but not third parties w,orking. . ic reaction, we~oQ't have (,lne at this time." through back-channels, and ' .2: Iran' s~ould satisfy ~e "three conditions" by Watching carefully glVlng up itsSUpport (or mternational ,terrorism; But Rubin repeat~:l'that "Unfortunately, so far, opp~siti?n to the Middle East peace process; and we haven'tseen,anyindications when it comes to qUitting its program for "weapons of mass , the three areas.that we'œconcerned about, tha~

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there has been fundamental change. But as the president has said, we regard the election as an Iraq shoots Its foot mteresting development On the issue of the reason why the United States We're watching it very carefully, and we're is blocking the acquisition of a number of ambu- watching very carefully to see whether there are -lances by ~raq,. Rubin said the difficulties Iraq modifications in any of those three areas that was expenencmg under the food-for-oil deal, as spelled out by U.N. Res. 986, was due to "con- would make a difference." "Are you saying that modification in anyone stant attempts of the Iraqi government to find of those three areas might provide the reasons why they are belOg discriminated pretext or context with Iran, or an opening?" a a~ai~st, even as !he international community Journalist followed up during the regular press tnes Its ~st to. gIve them every opportunity not to shoot Itself 10 the foot and to help their peo- briefing. "If there is a willingness on the part of the ple." But on ambulances, Rubin said he did not Iranian side to have an authorized dialogue in have the details. which those three issues - all three issues - are on the table, we have long said we'd be pre- Russian tanks to Syria pared to have such a dialogue. Those are the On ~he is~~e of the Russian offer to upgrade Issues that put Iran in a category that has led us Synan rruhtary hardware by giving Damascus T- to engage in rather dramatic economic sanctions 55 tanks, RubIO said, "Syria is on the terrorist and rather determined efforts to get support for list, and we don't particularly see any reason those sanctions around the world," RubIO said. why it should get more weapons."

Friday, August 15, 1997 Turkish Daily News

Süddeutsche Zeitung o~~r words, who are held by the all-powerful 1D.1litaryto be a greater threat than the Kurdish "separatists." That is an astonishing judgement when one remembers that NATO's second-largest army has Kurdish wound failed over 13 years to defeat the "handful of terrorists" the military says are fighting to create Kurdistan, a sep~ate country for the Kurds who now hve primarily in continues to bleed, southeastern Turkey, but also in northern Iraq and Iran. The second reason is that the east of the country is about as familiar to but Turkey's Turkey's so-called secular elite as the jungles of Borneo. If you are prosper- ous enough, there is no need ever to visit towns like ~Irnak. Siirt, Bingöl or leaders ignore it... Batman. Even. ~litary consc~pts from affluent families manage to avoid the area Masses pay the price of elite's serving their tours of duty as translat~rs at NATO headquarters or perhaps at continuation of civil war bases along the sunny Aegean: It is the sons of peasants and workers who are WOLFGANG KOYDL dying in the civil war. But while rich Turks may know nothing of Istanbul. Sueddeutsche Zeitung "Kurdistan," they are determined it shall never be independent. • At times you would almost think "Kurdistan" And then there is the third reason - a was in Germany, not Turkey. In German towns general ban on discussing the Kurdish the war against Kurds trying to establish their proble!ß..imposed under article eight of own separate state excites strong emotions among the cnmmal code. Anyone brave the large Kurdish refugee population and others, e~ough to disagree even marginally but here the conflict is-rarely mentioned. It might get some coverage in Turicey when the WI!h official policy is accused of sepa- ~sm, and can count on years in army sends another severalthousand troops to pnson. hunt down Kurds across the border in northern Iraq. Otherwise, there are only the terse military Rescinding article eight is out of the communiques claiming that 30, 40 or 50 "terror- questio~, following the general staff s ists were found dead," as the officials put it. complamt that even the recent faint- Three reasons are ~iven for the generallack of hearted attemp,t to relax the law slightly went far. 'Further legislative public interest. Most Important, the Turkish state too IS currently preoccupied with the struggle against changes should not interfere with the the so-called "reactionaries" - the Islamists, in struggle against terrorism, but they

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should expand the borders of freedom chief Abdullah Ocalan considers him~ of opinion." it said. self in a league with the prophets, a parage the very suggestion of a politicai The ban even blocks discussion of leiM of Messiah of the Kurdish people. solution as "malicious," muzzling any the cost of the hugely expensive war. Considerhis Stalinist henchmen' s peaceful organization which comes to Yet a t'ublic debate would quickly , method of continually fimling new be seen as a potential dialogue partner make It clear that everyone. including women to carry out their suicide bomb- with the Kurds. the military and its fellow travellers - ings - it is as simple as it is perfidious. So, what can be done? Experience pushing for the continuation of the con- A PKK fighter wiij.'induce a peasant has shown that foreign pressure - be it flict is working against Turkey's ulti- girlinto a sexual adventure; but now, in .mate interests. ' the Kurdish culture, she has lost her arms embargoes, demonstrations or ide- A few facts are sufficient to illustrate honour, and suicide is often the only alist appeals - brings nothing. The pres- this: according to official figUres,the way out. But if she dies by strapping a . sure must come from within Turkey. war costs eight billlon dollars annually, bomb to her stomach and approachin~ a . The Kurdish wound must start to which is twice the country's total military installation, she is told she wIll hurt - even in IstaJibul, Ankara and the tourism earnings. Every second, the war at least die with her honour intact - and other Turkish citi~ and towns far away costs more than a Turkish schoolteacher serve the party. from the front lines. Otherwise, earns in a month. Cau~t between the state and the "Kurdistan" will continue to feel more a The war is also damaging Turkish separatlsts are ordinary Turks and, part of Germany than of Turkey. (OPA- business, forcing firms to transfer pro- Kurds. The former recognize that some duction which should have been done formal recognition must be given the GNNS) in Turkey to neighboring countries. country's Kurdish minority, and the Editor's note: This article was pub- Moreover, it is forcing thousands of latter accept that there can be no lished in yesterday's edition of peasants out of their villages; with , Kurdish state completely outside of Germany's influential daily nowhere else to go, they head for the Turkey. Sueddeutsche Zeitung. The TDN decid- cities of western Turkey, where there is There is a solution which could free ed to publish it to show to our readers no work for them, creating political and as well as the Turkish intelligentsia social dynamite whose explosive power the c~:)Untryfrom this nightmare: dia- can hardly be estimated. logue. Yet it seems farther away than what the Western press thinks about Worst of all, the war is driving Kurds ever, the PKK having moved on from the problem in Southeast Turkey and into the arms of the Kurdish Workers teachers to postal officials as its latest the.wide discrepancies on how we see Party (PKK), an organization whichtarget group. The Turkish state, the mil- the problem and how they view it. many people hate almost as much as the itants reason, must be eliminated from army. the regIon in all its manifestations. Not surprisingly, perhaps, for PKK Officials of the state, meanwhile, dis-

Security tightened Turkish Daily News against PKK attacks to FRIDAY. AUGUST IS. 1997 coincide with Aug. 15

Ankara • Turldsb DsHy News take action because of the successful measures taken by security forces, Sari said, "The most com- • Abdulkadir San, governor of the mon activity of the separatists nowadays is robbing Emer~ency Rule Region (OHAL), said that villages." " ' , secunty has been tightened in the southeast Investigations against terrorist activities have region of Turkey to coincide with Aug. 15, tbe been increased in Hakkari, Mardin and $lmak, date on which the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' which are near northern Iraq and Syria, the region- Party (PKK) launched its first terrorist actions in al governor' said. 1984. On Aug. 15, 1984, witb a raid on the towns of "All the officers in the region are on duty," said Eruh and Semdinli near Hakkari, the PKK the governor, the Anatolia news agency reported announced the establishment of its military wing, on Thursday. . . the National Liberation Army of Kurdistan Emphasizing that the sep1l1"atistsare unable to (ARGK).

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1 Revue de Presse-Press Rcuicw-Berl1ez'okll Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prellsa-Baszn Özeti

I Talabani assures Ankara onPKK I •

JalalTalabanl.the leaderofthe PatrioticUnionofKurdistan.whocame to Ankarainresponseto an Invitationbythe newTurkishForeignMinisterIsmailCem had broadtalksonThursdayrelatedtothe futureofnorthemIraq. IDN Ali f'>,sl VI.y to that issue and will not permit any terrorist activities in the area. We discussed the steps to 1?e taken within the territorial integrity of Iraq," said Öymen. After the working lunch between senior Turkish foreign ministry and military officials Turkish Dairy News FRIDAY. AUGUST 15. 1997 with the PUK delegation, including Muhammed Tofiq and Shazad Saib of the PUK, Talabani told reporters that they had discussed the so-called . -, Arabization in northern Iraq, Turkey's security Consensus reached on stoppmg u.s. ~Iplomats. . ,interests and the Ankara Process. When asked N I from becoming a 'terror ,B!1efing r~port~rs about th~ (orelgn mm-about his talks in the United States, Talabani said . raq .. Istenal meetmg 'Ylth Talabam, ~ymen that he and U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan base,' says Undersecretary Oymen c~mmented t~~t It had been fnl\t~ul, and . had discussed the expansIOn of the no-fly zone in CItedTalabant ~ remarks abou~ hIs commIt-northern Iraq to the 34th parallel. ment to.Turkey s st~ggle agamst the PKK. Öymen, however, said the issue was not on Ankara. Turkish Daily News The Implementation of the Ankara Turkey's agenda. Turkey has suffered because 0 , . ., Pr~~ss (efforts s~nsored by.Turke~, the use by separatists ofnorthern Iraq as a base • Dunng wld~-rangmg talks m Ank~a.' Botam and the Untted States, mcludmg ~e for their attacks against Turkey. Jal~l Talabam, .the leader of the PatrIotIc Turkmen. Front and the ~assoud Barzam- Since Nov. 1996, Turkey has been hosting t~e Unt<;>nof K~rdlstan (P,-!K),.assured TurkeYled Kurdistan DemocratIe Party (KOP~, to Ankara Process to help achieve a settled peace m . of~ls group s cooperatIon.m the fight , bring ~ace to northern Iraq) an~ the dls- the region and solve the related problems, such as agamst the outlawed Kurdistan Workers pute With the KOP over the shanng of the sharing of the revenues from the Habur border Party (PKK). ,revenues of northern Iraq were reportedly gate, which is still controlled by the KDP. - Talabani was received by Fo~elgn the main points of discussion. Talabani has been expressingconcerns for Minister tsmail Cern before hav~ng lunch There is a consensus between Turkey some time over a cross-border operation by the with Undersecretary of the Foreign and the PUK against allowi1]g northern Iraq Turkish army against the PKK bases in ~orthern Ministry Onur Öymen. to turn into a "terror base," Oymen told Iraq, claiming that its rival Kurdish faction, the Before and after.the meeting i~ the. reporters. KOP, was given priority. The operation was car- Foreign Ministry, Öymen met With semor "Talabani told us that they are sensitive ried out in KDP-controlled territory.

117 t-.l t-.l 00 ~ Reformation or deformation ofeducation (';) ~ ~ (';) ~ (';) The parliamentary commission How can one explain the lack of sufficient 'V zest in the Parliament? First of all, every party in ~ CIl that investigated the Susurluk the.Parliament has been in power at some time. CIl (';) affair discovered enough hard None of them took the eight-year proposal from I the rusty shelves of the Ministry of Education 'V~ evidence to implicate (and Opinion (';) (for it has been there for the past thirty years) CIl possibly to indict) important and tried to put it into effect. They did not even rJl ~ try. But the most pathetic example of political (';) bureaucrats and politicians. But ~ expediency that borders on misanthropy (not to ~. the commission immediately closed use a harsheradjective) is the case of Mr. e up like an oyster to hide its pearl Mehmet Saglam, the Former Minister of I lJ:l Education (DYP) who led his party's preparation (';) of the proposal for eight-year ininterrupted pri- ;:;. (';) Dogu mary education bill, and now voted against it. i:.? ~ It seems that the inspiration for Educational Cl ~ reform comes mainly from extra-parliamentary £"" he corruption and criminalization of the lrgil <::s- forces. These forces have not changed their "Î} political-administrative system became l':l minds to regulate and interpret religion as the ~ ~ clearly evident in the aftermath of the ~> state ruling secularist (not secular) elite sees fit. . I . Susurluk accident. The association of a ~--- T The old republican tradition of "if it is absolutely ~ ~ fugitive criminal who was later alleged to have necessary, it must be under our control" does not ~-. drug connections, a police chief and a Parliament (ii' investigation still continues. Due tothat pres- make a secular regime but it butresses the politi- ~...... deputy elected because of his status as a tribal sure, the Parliamentary Commission on cal-cultural dominance of the ruling elite (the l':l chief tan, who is also the leader of an anti-terror- (Jj Constitutional Matters and Justice met once secularists) over all spheres of societallife...... ist mercenary tribaloutfit in a luxury car loaded . again on Friday Aug. 15 1997 to debate over the ::: l':l However, today's society is much better orga- o with assasination weapons has not been account- necessity of lifting the parliamentary immunities z ~ nized and much more varied than in the 1920s Cl ~ ed for yet. Without claryifiying this odd and con- of Mr. Mehmet Agar and Sedat Bucak. Both :> l':l and 1930s. That is why the CHP (Republican I troversial association, the ramifications of cor- DYP deputies are accused of being a party to -<: People's Party) has voted against the clause that >- Cj ruption and criminalization breeding in the sys- questionable deeds. Six deputies from ANAP c:: (';) put the control of religious education under the Cl ;::s tem cannot be unearthed and stopped. If not the and the DSP (the coalition partners) did not c:: ...... administration of religious affairs. Indeed article radical/fundamentalist protests against this what show up to take the vital vote. Thus the parlia- '"-l d 4 of the "eight-year continuous primary educa- we call "Western and secular" system will go on mentary initiave to take an x~ray of corruption 9" ~ tion bill" has been rejected by a vote of 300 as ~ brewing. Then we do what we always do and and possibly eave the way to the cleansing of the ~..... opposed to 214 "yes" votes. This article was l':l turn to the army to save us. Democracy, rule of system was killed by the members of the very - law and social justice, all those modem values government which took office on moral grounds. proposing that a government agency take on the . 'V responsibility of all religious education for all ~ which we have forsaken so far will once again I wonder what excuses these party leaders will ;::s be sacrificed to uphold "our way of life." We make up if Refah emerges triumphantly from the creeds of all Turkish citizens. CIl Haven't we learnt anythingfrom recènt histo- l':l will probably go on ignoring the stark reality that next general elections? .. I ry? It is the state's control over culture, econo- lJ:l it is the absence of these qualities which corrupt Another disappointment of parliamentary per- l':l formance has surfaced during the vote for eight- my, and sociallife and the state's increasing ;!l and incapacitate the system. ;::s The parliamentary commission that investi- year continous primary education. The difffer- incapacity and deterioration that has led to politi-:- gated the Susurluk affair discovered enough hard ence between the "yes" and "no" votes way only cal fragmentation. In turn fragmentation .has led 0: to conflict among social-cultural groups. This N evidence to implicate (and possibly to indict) 35. If this education reform was the sine qua non ...... (';) important bureaucrats and politicians. But the of towing away from the trap of traditionalism contentious climate has also pulled the state into -. commission immediately closed up like an oys- and bringing it closer to Western civilization, political conflict as a contending side. This mis- ter to hide its pearl. Fortunately public and one would expect that the law makers of Turkey take must not, never, ever be repeated again. media pressure put on Parliament for further would have more enthusiasm. But alas! It happens over and over again. Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

TurkisbDairy News WFDNESDAY.AUGUST20. 1997 .Turkish gangs Five inmates on are major drug. hunger strike traffickers. taken to hospital Ankara-Deutch Press Agency in Britain. • Five inmates from a high-security prison in the eastern Anatolian town of ElaZJ.~, who have been on hunger strike for a month. were taken to hospital Monday due to their ailing . . health, the semi-official news agency Anadolu • The British Customs and Excise.s National reported. Investigation Service bas recently released a A total of 21 prisoners went on a hunger strike a month ago, demanding an improve- report stating. that. Turldsh. • san.gs18.~ate. dominating the heroin trade inBritain. According to the. . ment in prison conditions, the report said. report, TurlcSate central to dIUg smuggling . The inmates' demands include an end to ~onsin'Britain...... •...•...•..•. ..•..••••. . solitary confinement in single cells, a solution The report claimed that gangs weœ aggres- to their health problems, the purchase of sively uqeting BritaiJi to increase their iriaItd newspapers and ma~azines for convicts and and to satlsfy a trend towaids the ~ona1 detainees, an extenuon of visiting times and use of heroin. The Tudcish gaDgs were believed better treabnent to their visiting relatives. to be benefiting from an inCfeaied ~ona1 An official from the Turkish Human Rights use of the drug by non-addicts. Association (tHO) told the German Press The repOrt said that agents ~ overseas Agency dpa that only four prisoners had been had infiltrated smu~ ...• eDabling . taken to hospital and that 19 prisoners were on the National Inves~on~ remove. hunger strike, with 40 other inmates givin~ many of the gangs aDd seize dr'4w ~ortb bi!- them support through a rotating hunger strike. Iioru. of pounds. The ~ said that this '~ne- All of them were political prisoners and tration strategy' waSalSo applied to 'l'uddSh members of the outlawed Kurdish Workers' operations. based in north or east London. It said Party (PKK), which has been fighting for independence in southeast Turkey for the last that~i~ ... ad.. ~~~<>;ff~ ...'and.....<..•. ,manY.of . the gapsSh8d DIUA.ÇU up.~.'~ .. 13 years, she added. Thls IS not the first time Turkish gangs have The nID official explained that the the •been accused of such crimes. The issue was first inmates' aim on going on a hunger strike was raised by the British media some timeago with to achieve their humanitarian rights. Their an emphasis on allegations of the involvement problems ranged from beatings when opon. ofTudcish state offiCials in the dIUg trade. Tom their admission to prison or during transfer to Sackwell, a Home Office minimol Under the pre- another one to their personal belongings being vious Conservative ~erDDJeDl has accused kept away from them. Turlcish state authorities of not taking. the~~- "'Ybese are problems are seen not only in sary measun:s to preventdIUg ~ œto . the ElaZJ.~prison, but in every prison in Europe. and Scotland Yard Sl~ties have Turkey. flie Justice Ministry's recent move to made claims that 80 perœul of heroin arriving in keep inmates in single cells makes the solu- Britain came from or ~ through Turkey. tion of problems, which can be remedied It is not only TurldSh gangs that stand through solidarity, impossible," she said. accused, but The 'l'urkis6BiDk, which has three In Turkey, prisoners are traditionally kept branches in Britain, is under investigation by che in wards, holding some 20 people. Bank of England after allegations dial the bànk The nID official noted that a human rights was Used by Thrkish drug aeaIers fQr money delegation under the chsirmanship of um laundering. deputy chairman Eren keskin will go to the ElaZJ.~prison today to neagotiate with the prison officials and the prisoners to end the strike.

119 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Bàhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti US weapons in Turkey: 'Need more action and conviction' Stresses Turkey's strategic visions, Turkey has the right to use U.S.- ation there since January 1995," the report ' supplied weapons for'self-defense and said. importance, and PKK terrorism internal security. This includes combating criminal acts directed against the state and Three factors 'Security situation terrorism." " Three factors helped improve the security improved in Southeast' ble situation and reduced "collateral damage" Credi " , to civilians, the report said. ~esearching. all~gat1ons filed by human, 1) Turkish forces introduced a "principle Washington - Turkish Dally News n~~ orgam~tions, the State pepartrne~t ' of 'appropriate foree' to ensure that only SaId, 'we beheve some allegations of sen- that force necessary to defeat the identified • A report on the use of U.S.-made ous. human ri~hts abu~s by security forces enemy would be employed ... U.S. offi. weapons in human rights violations in dunng operatIons agamst the PKK are cred- cials' conversations with civilians in the Turkey noted that the Turkish military took ible." Equipment o~ U.S.-o~gin "has likely region and press reports suggest that 'col- the right precautions and adopted the right been,used ~~T:~ns:~g~JJ1st the PKK lateral damage' to civilians and private human rights measures. during which human rights abuses have property has been reduced." However, what is lacking is the imple- occurred," the report said. 2) Shifting the fighting to the mountains mentation, said the report entitled "U.s; also reduced the 'collateral damage,' the Military ~uipment and Human Rights Evacuations report said. "Security forces now conduct Violations' prepared by the U.S. State "It is likely that U.S. equipment was used large-scale anti-PKK operations primarily Department and sent to the Appropriations in support of the evacuation of vilIa~es," , in remote locations, minimizing the POSSI- Committee of the U.S. Congress in June, the report added. That was "a conscIous , bility of civilian casualties." 1997. strategy of limiting locallogistical support 3) "Turkish units developed the capabili- ''The key to further progress will be firm to the PKK," the report explained. ty to fight at night and put more emphasis implementation of these standards [adopted, on infantry and commando operations, by the Turkish Armed Forces], monitonng And compensations thereby better targeting the PKK, and of behavior in field operations, transparen- It was also noted that the Turkish govern- interdicting terrorists before they enter pop- cy and cooperation with investigations of ment has a program to compensate such vii. ulated areas. This initiative appeared to abuses, and aggressive prosecution and stiff lagers for their losses. But the report added ,have further reduced the incidence of sentences for violators. Plans, intentions thatthe compensation is not large enoughunintendedharm to civilians," the report and principles must be accompanied by and more funds must be budgeted in the said. action and,conviction," the report conclud- future. " ed. Most of the U.S. weapons and heli- Recent changes in Turkish law allow copters (including M-16s, AR-ISS, M-203 better representation for detainees as well grenade launchers) are used by police "spe- as shorter detention periods. The Turkish cial tearns," the report said. military also adopted a "principles of behavior" doctrine, and human rights train- Unsubstantiated ing programs fQr~~tIl;Qffl~'a~ qnUs~ But the rePort could not prove every allega- men. tion. For example: "Eyewitness accounts The report, which is prepared as a fol- alleging use of U.S. equipment in extra- Turkish Daily News low-up to a similar report again submitted judicial killings or torture are difficult to by the State Department to Congress in substantiate. " ,WEDNESDAY.AUGUST20, 1997 June 1995, claims only about 3 percent of the.human.ri$hts violation cases filed end Improbable up ID co~vlctions. "Given the nature of the abuses, we believe the ,~seof U.S.-supplied'military equipment Turkey's Importance in torture cases is lInprobable:~ the repOrt Before laying out its main conclusions, the add~. ' report stressed Turkey's "great strategic importance" as a "pivotal country affecting Improving security U.S. interests in Europe, the Middle East, The,U.S. mission personnel were given full the Caucasus, and Central Asia." access to Turkish civilian and military offi- Underlining the fact that most of the cials, and they were helped in traveling to alleged human rights violations occur dur- southeastern cities to conduct interviews. ing the operations carried out against the InJanuary 1997, for example, the U.S. PKK, the report stressed that PKK is "a ter- officials traveled to Gaziantep, ~anhurfa, rorist orgamzation" and "represents a threat Mardin, ~lmak and Diyarbaktr. Four to Turkey's security." months later, in April 1997, they again traveled to Malatya, Diyarbaktr, ~anhurfa, "If-defense Elazlg and Kahramanrnara~. Within' sucb a context, Turkey is justified in "[U.S.] Mission personnel, traveling using U.S.-made weapons, the report said. throughout the southeast region have wit- "According to U.S. security assistance pro- nessed an improvement in the security situ-

120 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Kurd rebels say Iran kills three ONVl members in Iraq interactive CNN«om. 21 August 1997 Web posted at: 02:31 CST, Dubai time (22:31 CMT)

DUBAI, Aug 20 (Reuter) - Iran's main Kurdish opposition group said on Wednesday Iranian agents killed three of its members in northern Iraq.

The Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), in a statement faxed to Reuters from its Paris office, said "terrorists of the Islamic republic" on Tuesday attacked a van carrying a number of its members, killing three men and wounding nine.

The statement named the three as Saeid Moradi, Esmaeil Namaki, and Ali Zakaleh. It said the attack occurred outside the Kurdish-held town of Dukan, 40 km (25 miles) from the Iranian border.

There was no independent confirmation of the report. The KDPI said last week two of its members and a local man were killed and four other Iraqi Kurds were injured in an armed attack in the Kurdish-held city of Sulaimaniya in northern Iraq. It blamed Iranian agents.

Iranian Kurdish rebels have waged a low-intensity guerrilla struggle against against Tehran since state forces drove most of them into Iraq after major offensives in the early 1980s.

In July 1996 Iranian troops crossed into northern Iraq to hit KDPI bases.

• Massoud Barzani, leader of the one of the leading Kurdish factions in northern Iraq, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), stated that they did not invite the Turkish troops into northern Iraq for the cross border operatlon of the Turkish Army whose objective was to clear the area of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PICK). Talking to an Iranian daily, Barzani added that his party had not been opposed to the Turkish military's operation because they believed that the PICKhad left them with no alternative. "If the PICKleaves our area, we will not have to struggle with the PICK", said the Kurdish leader. Answering a question about the current situation with regard to the presence of Turkish troops in northern Iraq, Barzani said that only small armored groups remained near the borders of Iraq, Syria and Turkey in the area of the opera- Barzani says tion. 121 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Turkey attempts to derail 'Peace Train' Interior Minister Murat B~eskio~lu said, "We have been following the so-called effort called the "Peace Train." Our observation is that it is linked with terror. This is an effort that involves us and our neighbors. Our foreign Ministry has been contacting the countries in question and we are helping them in this regard."

Em SEMIHA KÜFLÜ the "Peace Train." Our observation POS), Ulla Jelpke (German Ankara - Turkish Dally News is that it is linked with terror. This deputy), Angelika Frankhausen is an effort that involves us and our (Swiss deputy), AttilIa Ballogh • A group of European députies, neighbors. Our f?reÎgn Ministry . -(British Labour Party). union representatives, human rights has been contactmg .thecouhtrtes 10 Yves Juoan (French author), activists, intellectuals, clergymen, question and we are helping them Guyot Màdeline (head of the Peace Turkish intellectuals and deputies, in this regard~" . and Freedom Movement), and Uve political partyrepresentatives and He added that the people orga- Steinberg (German POS) are unionists are planning to travel nizing the campaign are people among the European intellectual from Brussels to Diyarbakir Aug. . who have close contacts with the and activists 'participating. 26-Sept.1 on the "Peace Train," in PKK. Among the Turkish intellectuals a project aimed at promoting Ankara first contacted Belgian supporting the campaign are democracy and -apolitical solution authorities through the Turkish singers Ahmet and Leman Sam, to the Kurdish conflict in southeast- Embassy in Brussels, explained its famous actress Mujde Ar, ern Turker. view on the subject and requested . aeclaimed poet and playwright The tram is scheduled to depart that the train 9-0tbe allowed to Murathan Mungan, Journalists. from Brussels on Aug. 26 after a leave from BJ;Ussels. Ertugul KürkçU,Ental Öz, YlImaz rally and will be met with a weI,. 'There was no legal foundation coming ceremony at every stop:- Odab~l, Cezri1iErsoz, political - for us to execute such a request and. parties People's Democracy Party Koln, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, we think banning the Peace Train is , (HADEP), F~om and Solidarity Sofia and Istanbul, where it will - a mistaken attitude and would send Party (ODP) and the Istanbul con- stay one day and leave after taking of a négative image. Itwouldalso Turkish participants on board. The stituancy chairman of the generate negative publicity for .Repub~ican Peoples'. Party (CHP) train will then proceed to the south- Ankara. We really had trouble east in order to arrive in DiyarbakIr and uDlons. ' understanding their attitude," a reli- on Sept. l, World Peace Dar. Turkish offiCiaIscreated a big- However, Turkish authonties are able source close to Brussels said. ger fuss over the Peace Train than ' The same source said, "Ankara attempting to derail the train. would have occurred if they had asked Brussels not to give assis- Foreign Ministry spokesman allowed it to make its way through tance to the train. We think this Sermet Atacanb said Wednesday Europe and Turkey peacefully and that Ankara considers the Peace means preventing the train from unhindered. Train campaign, organized under leaving," the auspices of the Der Ap~ll Von Turkish officials in Sofia asked Hannover organization, as 'an ini- the Bulgarian authorities not to per- . tiative linked to.the outlawed mit the train enter Bulgaria, Kurdistan Workers' P~ (PKK)." "because it is a PKK. terrorist "We believe that this mitiative is provocation and both countries a propaganda effort linked to the . have a confmned stance against Turkisb1J.aily News terrorist organization and we have terrorism," another reliable source contacted the necessary authori- toldTON. ties," he said. The Peace Train ap~ to be As to what precautions would be ' attracting more Turkish intellectu- fRmA Y. AUGUST 22,1997 taken about the train, the official als who want a peaceful solution to responded; "Whatever is neces- -, current conflict than international sary." " . participants. ' Ankara has been doing every- The campaign still has a wide thin~ "necessary." The Foreign - list of both mternational and Mimstry inade demarches in all the ' national participants and support- . capitals on the train's itinerary and ers. requested th~y not let the train pass Some .of the European deputies through tl)eil'countries. . planning to take the trip are: Alan Interior Minister Murat Brooks (British Labour Party), Ba~eskioglu said, "We have been Ronald Fink (German Greens following the so-called effort called Party), Andrea Dornbush (German .

122 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Turkey looks for new options beyondEU New relationship with Europe mooted The Turks have flatly rejected other pre-conditions to their membership, including demands that after setbacks in bid to join the fold they improve relations with Greece and aflee to a resolution of the Cyprus problem. "We WIllnever WOLFGANG KOYDL /lsWJbul- Sueddeutscbe Zeitung submit to such a deal," Gürel vowed. At the same time, Turkish leaders have been • In his more than five years as Gennany's foreign min. careful not to commit themselves to an alternative ister, Klaus Kinkel has had his share of lows, but his last policy if EU membership' cannot be obtained: Cern trip to Turkey had to be one of the lowest. at one point cited a poSSible free-trade arrange- In his entire time in Ankara, the beleaguered Kinkel ment with the United States, but recently denied was the target of diplomatic putdowns, combined with any such policy was in the works. an endless stream of abuse and snide remarks. Though Still, closer links to the United States and Israel put more aggressively than ever before, the reason for. are being pondered. "With both states we are his hosts' anger - Turkey's frustrating and unsuccess. linked through security interests," the foreign min- ful_guest to become a member of the European Union ister said, "but our relations must not be limited to (EU) - Was a longstanding, one. this field." The Europeans curse the Turks' pushiness, and the Behind all this speculation is a dream of many Turks complain of Turks who look forward to the day when they can European hypocrisy. And tell the arrogant Europeans they are no longer both are ri~ht. needed. A western diplomat here summed it up Since KlOkel's unhappy thus: "There may come a time when the EU will visit in late March there be interested in Turkey but Turkey will no longer has been a change of. be interested in the EU, because it will have so power in Ankara and a successfully developed other orientations." definitive change in the That day, however, is certainly a long way off, political tone out of the and the EU remains by far Turkey's most impor- Turkish capital, if not in tant trading partner. Germany alone takes 22 per- actual policies. cent of all Turkish exports; only eight percent go A frnt indication came with Turkey's surprisingly to the United States. mild reaction to the recent release of the EU There is also a large Turkish population in Commission's Agenda 2000, which foresaw member- Germany, which makes the bilateral relationship ship for Greek Cyprus but not for Turkey. An apparent- deeper and more complex than a simple trading ly unflustered Foreign Minister tsmail Cern responded one. that while EU membership remained a goal for Turkey, Turkish officials, for example, have often spo- it was far from an obsession. Indeed, Cern and the other ken of the "positive role our German friends have members of Turkey' s new foreign policy team, Deputy played in the EU" on issues pertaining to Tur~ey. Premier Bülent Ecevit and the state minister responsible And yet, Gürel pointed out, "Among the Turlàsh for relations with Europe, ~ükrü Sina Gürel, have struck public, the impression may not go away that European officials as far more self-confident than most Germany is the biggest obstacle to our European of their predecessors. All three come fro~ the goals." . Democratic Left Party, which has always subscribed to Chancellor Helmut Kohl will get a firsthand a fairly energetic brand of Turkish nationalism. look at Turkey's evolving policies when Prime For the first time, Turkey announced that it would Minister Mesut Yllmaz visits Bonn late next look for alternative orientations in its foreign policy if month. An official in Ankara said YIlmaz and the EU failed, ils Gürel put it, to come up with a "con- other Turkish leaders want Kohl to provide a crete pre-accession strategy" for his country. He warned "clearer" perspective on Turkey's chances of that Turkey .would have to "newly evaluate" its relations entering the EU. with Europe if there were no progress toward EU mem- It is highly questionable, however, whether bership. Kohl will risk such a commitment so soon before Gürel did not say, however, if he would make next year's parliamentary elections. (GNNS) his own concrete proposals for the "concrete strategy," and acknowledged that the "EU has the right to set objective criteria" for potential members, not SUNDAY,AUGUST24,1997 only on economic questions but also on human rights. "We owe it to ourselves to attain these high standards," he said. "That is regardless of the EU, Turkish Dairy News and is only a question of time."

123 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista, Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basln Özeti

washingtonpost.~ I t1Dm1'lIalsl site IndexllIardll heÎIII-

Turkey Islamic Party Seeks Support

By SI/zan Fraser Associated Press Writer Sunday, August 24,1997; 4:18 p.m. EDT

ANKARA, Turkey (AP) -- Turkey's former prime minister quietly has turned to a French right-wing leader and European nations he spurned while in power, seeking help fending of(attempts to ban his pro-Islamic party.

Welfare Party leader Necmettin Erbakan met with France's far-right politician Jean Marie Le Pen in an Aegean resort town last week to discuss Erbakan's view that banning the party is incompatible with democracy. Party officials confirmed the meeting after reporters found out about it. '

"I shall start a campaign within the European Parliament against Turkey on the issue," the Turkish daily Hurriyet quoted Le Pen as saying in its Sunday edition.

Erbakan resigned as prime minister in June under military pressure after he advocated stronger ties with Muslim countries, including Libya and Iran, and opposed Turkey's bid for membership in the European Union. In May, Turkey's chief prosecutor demanded the party be shut down for pro-Islamic policies he said violated the constitution's secular tenets. '

The prosecutor's indictment cited speeches by Erbakan and other party members as evidence Welfare was trying to establish an Islamic regime.

The party maintains the charges are based on media stories blown out of proportion.

To rally more foreign support, Welfare is translating into English and German a 215-page preliminary defense brief it already has submitted to the court, Hurriyet reported. The brief would be sent to the European Human Rights Commission and members of the European Parliament, according to the newspaper.

A decision is expected in a few months.

A second party, the pro-Kurdish Hadep, also could be banned because of its alleged links to an outlawed Kurdish rebel group.

Some political analysts oppose Welfare's closure on the grounds that it could increase sympathy for Islamic movements at a time when the party's popularity appears to be declining.

A predecessor to Welfare was closed by the supreme court in 1971 and the party appears to be prepared. It reportedly has transferred assets to trusted individuals to evade possible seizure by the treasury.

If the court outlaws Welfare, Erbakan could be banned from politics. He reportedly already has handpicked a leader for a new pro-Islamic party in the offing.

124 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung Montag, 25. August 1997, Nr. 196 Spielball der Parteien Die Kurden im Norden des Irak leiden unter der Feindschaft ihrer Führer / Von Namo Aziz ieAbendsonne in der Ebene von Ar- ko. Jeder, der etW

125 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti

Krieger der Demokratischen Partei Ku~distansvor einem Bild Mustafa Barzanis Foto ROPI mußte so schnell fliehen, so Barzani, daß er noch Elektrizitat für den Staudamm 'yon der Parteien; dann plünderten Peschmerga nicht einmal seinen Aktenkoffer mitneh- Dukan stellen muß, da sonst die dortigen die Zentren des irakischen. Geheimdienstes; men. konnte. Und diese Dokumente bestä- Generatoren im Stauwasser versinken wür- schließlich plünderten PUK-Peschmerga tigten, was er schon zuvor vermutete: PUK den. die Häuser der KDP-Peschmerga und um- arbeite mit dem iranischen Regime zusam- Die Flucht der PUK hat vielerorts- gekehrt. Auch vor medizinischen Gerät- ,men - und überreicht mir eine Liste mit den 'puren hinterlassen. In dem von Saddam , schaften machte man nicht halt, inder fe- Namen von 360 KDP-Mitgliedern, die in Hussein gegründeten Betonghetto mit dem sten Überzeugung, dadurch die irakische den !l;:tzten beiden Jahren verschwunden Namen Saddam-Halabdscha leben Flücht- Regierung empfindlich zu treffen. Der sind. "Auch Opfer der Meuchelmorde von' , Ù~g~;deren Dörfer von der irakischen Ar- Gouverneur von Arbil zeigt mir eines der PUK", so sagt Barzani wütend. mee in den Jahren 1988 bis 1990 zerstört viden leergeräumten Krankenhäuser. Während des Gespräches flackert .mehr- wurden. Aus einem de~einförmigen Häuser Selbst ein großes Gerät für die Zertrümme- fach dasschwache Licht der Glühbirne und klingen Klagelieder, aus der Tür kommen rung von Nierensteinen sei von den PUK- erlischt. Als wir ein weiteres Mal im Dun- wie Ameisen schwarzgekleidete Frauen. Es Leuten beschlagnahmt, in seine Einzelteile klen sitzen, meint Barzani: "Ist das nicht ist das Haus der 55 Jahre alten, hageren zerlegt und nach Iran transportiert worden. eine mörderische Tat der PUK? Sie haben Mahbuba. Ihr Sohn Bahdschad sei erst 15 Dort sei es mit dem Wissen des früheren 'einige Teile der Generatoren von Dukan Jahre alt gewesen. Plötzlich seien seine PUK-PremierminiSters Kosnit für zwei nach Iran mitgenommen und damit die Freunde gekommen. Sie riefen ihn, er ,solle Millionen Dinar verkauft worden, wie ein Elektrizität in Kurdistan fast' lahmgelegt. " schnell kommen, die PUK sei geflohen und Schreiben belege. Die Stromerzeugung in Kurdistan er- jetzt sei die Zeit zum Plündern. Da,nn seien Entsprechend gesunken ist allgemein die folgt an zwei Staudämmen, Derbendichan alle zum Hauptgebäude der' PUK gegan- und Dukan. Nach dem Golfkrieg waren Achtung vor fremdem Eigentum. Auf dem gen. Es sei ein Jeep mit drei, PUK- Bazar von Slemani (Sulaimanjah) wird mir iranische Pasdaran nach Derbendichan Peschmergas gekommen, einer habe mit ,einmarschiert und hatten alle vier Genera- stolz ein Fernseher gezeigt. Auch ein Beute- ,seinem Gewehrkolben auf den Freund stück. - Eine europäische Hilfsorganisation 'toren explodieren lassen. In mühevoller Bahdschads geschlagen, der andere habe Kleinarbeit wurde wenigstens eine Turbine ließ einige Häuser in der Nähe von Slemani auf Bahdschad geschossen. "Mein Sohn bauen. Am Tag der Fertigstellung stürmten mit èinfachen Materialien von Architekten hat doch noch die Hände hochgehalten, da- wieder zusammengeflickt. Bagdad in die- die Anwohner mit Sack ,und Pack in die mit sie nicht schießen. Und dann traf die Häuser; ihre Wohnungen seieli schlecht. sen frühen Tagen der Unabhängigkeit um .Kugel, zuerst seinen Finger und dann das Unterstützung zu bitten, war ein Ding der Daß die Häuser nicht für sie, sondern für , ,Herz." Nach einer Pause fügt sie hinzu: Flüchtlinge bestimmt waren, stört sie we- Unmöglichkeit. Der Großteil der Stromer- "Ich bin Witwe. Als Bahdschad sechs Jahre zeugung lastete seither auf dem zweiten nig. Und manche, so heißt es, hätten gar' alt war,ging sein Vater eines Morgens vor die besetzten Häuser verkauft. ' 'Staudamm in Dukan. Doch bis zur Ver- die Tür undwurde erschossen. Ich weiß PUK-Mitglieder hatten vor ihrer Flucht treibung der PUK-Leute stellte dennoch 'nicht von wem. Jetzt hat Bahdschad das •deshalb wohlweislich ihr gesamtes Hab und die' elektrische Versorgung' in Kurdistan gleiche Schicksal wie sein Vater. Wenn es Gut in Brand gèsteckt. Das Grundstück kein Problem dar. ' eine kurdische Regierung gibt, soll sie den und Büro von Talabani in Kalacholan, Mit dem Verschwinden der PUK aller- . 'Mörder finden, und dann werde ich ihn ge- dreißig Kilometer von Slemani entfernt, dings verschwanden auch 145 Speed-gou- nauso erbarmungslos erschießen. Auch im war vormals ein blühender Park. Jede verneur-control-Platten - von den Kurden Islam gilt: Auge um Auge, Zahn um Pflanze, so versicherte mir Talabani einmal "Karten" genannt -,ohne die die Genera~ ,zahn" in .einem früheren Gespräch, sei von ihm ,toren nicht betrieben werden können. So PIÜnderri ist fast schon' wie eine n'éue selbst gesetzt worden. Heute weiden auf der lastet zur' Zeit die gesamte Elektrizitätsver- Kultur Uliter den Kurden geworden. Es , verbrannten Erde knochige Kühe. In der sorgung auf der einen zusammengeflickten wurde ihnen oft genug vorgemacht:' Zuerst Fluchtnacht gingen riesige Lager an Le- Turbine von, Derbendichan, die zudem plünderten irakische Soldaten die Häuser bensmitteln in Flammen auf. 126 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

Neben Fensterrahmen, Türgriffen und Schmied Kawe mit dem Kopf des Tyran- ster. Aspirin-Tabletten oder' Jod. Selbst ein anderen verkohlten Resten gelang es der nen Zohak in Händen, trägt seitdem wieder Gesunder wird krank. wenn er in eines der KDP, große Mengen von Unterlagen der ein grünes Halstuch, in der Symbolfarbe Krankenhäuser kommt." Rizgar schweigt. PUK sicherzustellen. Für wenige Dinar der PUK. Die Bewohner Slemanis sind ge- Dann fàhrt er fort: "Die meisten meiner wurden sie feilgeboten und gingen danach spalten. Ein Teil jubelt der Rückkehr Tala- Freunde sind entweder in den Bergen im unter den familien rund. Ein Journalist in banis zu. Der andere - wenn er auch nicht Kampf gegen die KDP, oder sie sind weg Slemani überreicht mir einen Brief von ei- Barzani liebt - ist bedrückt über die Exi- aus Kurdistan. Geflohen nach Europa." nem gewissen User Fakiani an den frühe- stenz des iranischen Geheimdienstes, der Auch er, so versichert er mir, halte es hier ren Premierminister Kosrat: "Wir finden es offenkundig unter der Maske des Roten nicht mehr lange aus. Er verstehe zwar besser, wenn Mahmud Haleni nicht getötet Halbmondes tätig ist. nichts von Europa. Aber als Asylbewerber wird, weil wir ihn in Zukunft brauchen Rizgar, ein Student, fûhrt mich zur Scha- in Frieden zu leben. könne nur besser sein werden." In einem anderen Brief des PUK- stiyaka, einer 60 Meter breiten Straße um als hier zu sterben. "Unser schönes Land ist Peschmerga Siruan Derascha an den Ver- Slemani. "Viele Kurden aus Iran sind hier- schon lange von den Parteien verkauft wor- antwortlichen der Kulturangelegenheiten her nach Siemani gekommen, weil sie den." von PUK, Kadir Hadschi Ali, vom 20. Fe- Schutz vor dem iranischen Regime suchen. Bei der Rückkehr in Richtung Türkei bruar 1994 heißt es: "Wie von Ihnen ent- Seitdem die iranischen Sicherheitskräfte sehe ich bis zur Stadt Koja immer wieder schieden wurde, soll ich der Verantwortli- hier sind, gibt es kaum einen Tag, an dem iranische Militärfahrzeuge mit Katjuscha- che für die Sonderabteilung von Tschamt- nicht einige dieser Kurden aus Iran getötet Raketen. Die etwa einen Kilometer lange schamal werden. Aber Sie haben sich selbst werden. Hier auf der Schastiyaka liegen Front zwischen PUK und KDP hat sich dagegengestellt. Ich war ein Vertrauter der dann ihre Leichen." etwa im Bereich Degala gebildet. Beide PUK. Zwischen dem 23. März 1991 und PUK unternehme nichts dagegen. Das Gruppen haben einander über das Fernglas dem 24. Januar 1994 habe ich 15 Personen einzige, was Talabani tue, meint Rizgar lei- im Visier. Ab und zu rast eine Kugel in fûr PUK beseitigt. Und Jetzt sind Sie nicht se zu mir, sei der Bau einer fünfzehn Millio- Richtung des Feindes. Nach der Rückkehr bereit, mir diese Position zu geben?" Dann nen Dinar teuren Moschee für Schiiten. Ein nach Arbil zeigt sich der Bazar voller Men- werden im einzelnen die Namen der Ermor- Symbol der Bruderschaft mit den Mullahs. schen. Bettelnde Kinder, Frauen, Arbeits- deten - darunter auch drei Frauen -, To- Und das in Zeiten, in denen es kein Brot zu lose, Flüchtlinge. Es ist ein Teil der 70000 desdatum und die Namen der Auftraggeber kaufen gibt. Und vor alIem. wo es in Sle- Menschen, die aus dem Süden als vermeint- genannt mani keine Schiiten gibt, fügt Rizgar hinzu. liche KDP-Anhänger von PUK-Leuten Seit Oktober 1996 ist Slemani wieder un- Wir gehen auf den Straßen Slemanis. vertrieben wurden. ter der Vorherrschaft Talabanis. Das Sym- Junge Männer sind rar geworden. Viele • bol der Freiheit Kurdistans, der über- von ihnen sind verletzt. "In den Kranken- Der Verfasser ist Orientalist und lebt als freier menschlich große, aus Stein gehauene häusern gibt es nichts. Nicht einmal Pfla- Journalist in Deutschland. Ecevit lashes out at meeting between Erbakan and Le Pen

court. Inhis response to CHP chairman Deniz' Bayka1' s earlier criticism that the government had Ankara • Turkish Daily News become tired CJ.uickly,Ecevit said the government has been working in the fastest way ever seen and • Deputy Prime Minister and State Minister that his government would be ready for an early Bülent Ecevit on Sunday denounced the secret election either next spring or fall. He added that the meeting between former Prime Minister Necmettin more they stay in power the more they are able to Erbakan, and French far-ri~ht politician Jean-Marie serve the country. He also thanked to Bayka1 for his Le Pen, which was held Jnldweek at a Turkish sea- support of the government. side town where Erbakan usually spends his holi- days. Speaking at a press conference in Ankara, 88yka1 on Le Pen and government Ecevit said that Le Pen, currently visiting Turkey, Meanwhile, Republican People's Party (CHP) aims to undermine relations between French and leader Deniz Baykal said the meeting between Turkish people living in France by alienating the Erbakan and Le Pen was normal but to have kept it Turks inrrance from the mainstream. If this were to secret from the public was very strange. He added happen, Turks would face great reaction from that in democracies people can meet whoever they French 'p'=ople.Veteran politician Ecevit noted that wish but if somebody does not want publicize it. it such inItiatives could be well achieved by the is very interesting. Welfare Party and the Islamist National View Baykal said that if Erbakan is trying to seek sup- Organization (AMGT) - known as the RP' s port from outside Turkey, especially from Europe, European arm - adding that the anti-Turk and anti- his efforts to attract support from Le Pen are coun- Muslim Le Pen is trying to make contact with tCrproductive. Erbakan's RP in order to encourase them to orga- left wing CHP leader Baykal also criticized the nize the AMGT to pull the Turks ID France out of government over the latest price increases, saying the cultural mainstream and thus causing an uproar that the increases were not related to the eight-year against Turks in France. compulsory education system because when the Le Pen heads the far-right National Front which current government made plansfor this new educa- campaigns fiercely against immigration to France, tion system. there were no plans to increase prices. mostly from Muslim North Africa. Reports said Le Baykal urged the government to fight tax evasion Pen expressed sympathy for the Turkish Islamists in instead of increasing prices that hurt the public. their fight against closure by the constitutional

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Monday, August 25 1997 Turkish Dally.News KDP sources say alleged PKK, PUK cooperation hurts peace

area. Contrary to promises given, violations have increàsed during the last eight weeks," he pointed out. SAADETORUÇ "The PMF has turned into Iitarget. During an . Ankara- Turkish Daily News investigation in the Rewanduz area, the com- m~der of the PMF was the target of a com- . bined attack from the PUK and the PKK," the 'Seven hundred PKK militants are source said. Shazad Saib, the PUK's Ankara representative, however, strongly denied these stationed along the cease-fire line reports, telling the TDN that the region was dif- with the PUK and they are sharing the ficult to protect against PKK infiltrations. same barracks and logistic support' Parties disappointed Both Kurdish rival parties, the PUK and the The United Statesis trying to KDP, are reportedly disappointed in the "Jack of convince the KDP to allow Talabani enthusiasm from the parties involved in the to transit KDP territories, instead Ankara process." "While the KDP is doing its best for peace, paying salaries and releasing of Iran, when travelling abroad prisoners, the PUK refuses to even,attend the , PMF meetings," a northern Iraqi source said, • Northern Iraqi sources close to the Kurdistan . who dermed the Ankara talks as just a continua- Democratic Party (KDP) claimed on Sunday tion of previous Paris and Dublin talks. that cooperation between the Patriotic Union of "The process has come to a dead end and it Kurdistan (PUK) and the Kurdistan Workers' .. needs to be pushed. There are efforts being Party (PKK) has reached an alarming level, made for key meetings to be heJd, such as the even endangering the activities of the Peace ones in Washington and Ankara, but it is Monitoring.Force (PMF), established in the .too early for a Barzani-Talabani meeting frarnework of the Ankara peace process. at the moment," said a source who is The peace process was started after the . close to the KOP. .. . United States, aritain and Turkey convinced the . He also added tttat they do not see any .KDP and PUK to end a bloody dispute between serious stance being taken by the West themand start dialogue for a peace settlement in with regard to the future of Irag. northern Iraq. In addition, Jalal Talabani himself dur- In spite of the fact that Jalal Talabani, the ing his recent visit to Ankara, defined the head of the PUK, in his recent visit to Ankara, process as a "garne." said that the PUK was not supporting the PKK, Similarly, KDP circles are also urging the sources briefing the Turkish Daily News the parties involved in the Ankara process said that evidence of cooperation between the to take a clear position with regards to its .PUK and the PKK was in a PMF report. In the continuation. report, signed by Hasan Kaplan, commander of .Parties targeted in the peace process the force and KDPrepresentative during meet- include the Turkmens, the Massoud ing on Aug. 17, it is said thatPKK militants, Barzani-Ied KDPand the Talabani-Ied after an attack on the KDP-PUK cease-fire line, PUK. There have been'four meetings in escaped into the PUK-controlled area. Ankara which were co-chaired by senior 'The PUK has not only refused to attend Turkish and U.S. officials. PMF meetings since beginnirig of July, but is also acting together with the PKK. We have Iranian involvement captured six PK!( militants and six PUK mem- Claiming that the reason for Talabani' s bers, who together launched an attack against last visit to Tehran was simply "to inform the PMF last week," said the source, who also Iranian officials about the contacts of the gave the number of PKK militants along the PUK in London, Washington and cease-fire line between the KDP and the PUK as Ankara," a northern Iraqi source com- 700. . mented that the PUK is totally controlled "Seven hundred PKK militants are stationed by Iran. along the cease fire line with the PUK. They are "In early July, a hi~h-Ievel delegation sharing the same barracks and logistics support. from Pasdaran met WIthTalabani in the Recently there have been PKK bombings ID the PUK-controlled area of northern IraQ. to

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express their concern about Baghdad- A senior KDP member, when asKea DY PUK contacts. They asked the PUK to the TON about the issue, said that they play the game according to their rules," were ready to make sacrifices for peace in he said. the region. "But we are still working on The TON was also told that the United the issue," he said. States and the olh~r sp,onsoring parties Referring to the withdrawal of the are trying to prepare the nece~sary condi- Islamic' Movement of Kurdistan (IMK) tions for the PUK to use KDP territories from the PUK government, the source instead of Iran, when they are forced to said that Iran had created a provocation leave their area. between the PUK and the IMK in order to Iran and Syria, for a long time, have mediate between them later. been very concerned about the continua- ''The fighting between the IMK and tion of the Ankara process. When the the PUK was staged by Iran. The IMK Turkish army executed a cross-border was forced to join the PUK government operation against PKK bases in north in Suleymaniye. When they decided join, Iraq, Iran was reportedly upset because it we asked the two ministers from the IMK felt that the IranIan regime was under to resign and thanked them for their con- threat from Turkey. tribution," he said. T~:::::.~::The mystery of Susurluk weapons Security Directorate searched worldwide for months for the missing two different serial numbers of the Baretta police force guns and for the records of the arms seized at Susurluk made this possible. Though it was common knowledge for arms experts that Baretta pistols' serial num- The fact that the assassination gun and rifles equipped with bers consisted of one consonant or vowel plus five figures plus another consonant or silencers belonged to the Security Directorate's Special vowel- for example A 56789 Z - Security Operations Section has been concealed for a long time Directorate officials sent to Interpol, not the standard number found on the pistol itself, . . ., h d but the different number found on the barrel, Two months after determmmg that the assassmatlOn gun a that is, A 06421, to be tracked. This caused a belonged to Special Operations, the Security Directorate was s~rio~ de~ and ~ deviation from.the right stilllooking to Interpol, as if it were looking in!o the matter =:ili~B:e::'~t~~~~w::~~:ri_ KEMAL BALCI than the serial number on the barrel. Some of ties about this and what followed was a AJJIœra - TDN Parliament Bureau the bullets found in the car w~r~ .56 mm and lengthy exchange of letters. It took months to 7.12 mm of ~e type called ~1X1e:The guns track down the history of the specific Baretta • Ten months after a traffic accident at capable of fmog. these specIfic kinds of bul- found in the Mercedes. Susurluk revealed the existence of "gangs lets, on the other hand, were missing from Yet, the Security Directorate could have within the state," the incident has yet to be the scene. easily found out about the gun by going brought fully into daylight. The arms found throu~h its own records. An effort in this in the Mercedes (license plate number Security Directorate concealed It? directlon was indeed made but when relevant 06.AC.600) belonging to Sedat Bucak, a In an officialletter it sent on Noy. 3 to the information was sou2ht from the Special member of Parliament, which crashed at Sus~luk pr?s~ut?r's o~ce. which w~ c~n- Operations Section, the latter stalled the Susurluk on Nov. 3, 1996, remain shrouded ductlng the lm~al myestlgatlo~ of the mCl- investigation - deliberately or not - by in mystery to a certain extent. dent, the S~unty Drrecto~te list~ the own- officially replying that they had no records 0 Accordin~ to the findings of the gen- ers of the licensed guns while saymg that the such a weapon. - darmerie umt which arrived at the scene of "other weapons" were being tracked via The Security Directorate also had trouble the accident, there were a number of pistols Interpol. The "other weapons" in question when it tried to track down the kind of and automatic rifles in the car, some ofthem ~ere the "assassination pistol" and,the spe- weapons which would use 5.56 mm bullets _ licensed, along with hundreds of bullets of Cl~ bullets. A w~k .later the Secunty through its own records. Though it was no . various sizes. A special .22 caliber Baretta Drrectorate sent slm~.1arletters to both the secret that only the Special Operations . and special rifles which use 5.56 mm and Istanbul S~te S~u.nty Court and to the Section used that kind of bullet and the five 7.62 mm bullets, drew a lot of curiosity. Gendarmene Cnmmology Department. boxes in which 100 bullets were found in the After examining the Baretta, experts said After these letters a "secret hand" inter- Mercedes carried the inscription Security that the pistol had been modified to fit one of vened in the case s~g a series of mis- Directorate issue, it took a very long time to !he silencers found ~ th~ car and th~t the ser- leading communications which would delay determine how the bullets were I?utin the c lal number on the PIstolltself was different the investigation. The fact that there were and where were the weapons which used

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those bullets. As noted above, these weapons Section. That pistol had been imported to Security Directorate. During that Ume the had "vanished" in the aftermath of the acci- Turkey from Israel by a company named parliamentary Susurluk research commis- dent. HOSPRO and had been among a pärty of sian completed its mandate. The commis- .. To identify the guns which.used 5.56 mm weapons given to the Turkish police force sian could have access to the above-men- bullets a list of these specific type of guns . as a gift. The 10 weapons imported on Dec. tioned information only when the Istanbul was prepared at a police laboratory. 8, 1993 had been dehvered to the Special State Security Court completed its investi- Curiously, as the hst was being prepared, the Operations Section. . . . gation report and sent a brief to Parliament Security Department refrained from provid- . This detail could be documented only. formally asking for the lifting of the legisla ing clear identification as to the 100 Galli after 80 days had passed since the accident, tive immunity of the. two parliamentarians rifles ofIsraeli make which belong to the that is, on Jan. 24, 1997. Along with the implicated in the SusurluKcase, Mehmet - Special Operations Section and which use Baretta, the 5.56 mm bullets and the Agar and Bucak. . , , the kind of bullets in question. Instead of Galli rifles which f1re the 7.12 mm bullets Des~ite all this information the Special giving the trademark of these rifles it simply had been imported by HOSPRO from Israel OperatIons Section is still saying that it has • said "minimachineguns" fmng 5.56 mm bul- and hand~d over to the Security Directorate no records of the Baretta in question. lets were being used by Special Operations as a gift. And the Security Directorate had And there is the possibility that the rifles .teams. handed over to the Special Operations fmng special bullets had not been "lost" Records finally found Section alllOO of the 5.56 mm Galli rifles following the accident but were placed in Forty~five days after the Susurluk crash the and the 20 6.12 mm Galli rifles received as the storage depots where they onginally Security Department said in an official. a gift. ... belonged. report tha~ the Baretta assassination pi.stol .' So it took nearly three months to deter-_~_ belonged 10 fact to the Special OperatIons mme that the weapons had belonged to the

labelled these indirect methods as "low intt~nsity conflict," adding that Bahçeli: Peace the Peace Train was an example of this. The MHP chairman said that the groups protecting the PKK were using professional propaganda meth- train aims to boost ods, which are aimed at accelerating the gro~ of separatist movements in Turkey. . ,..., When asked what would happen if g: separatist activities the people, who would have attended the Peace Train campaign, tried to . .0 AnkBra - Turkish Daily News tions which protect it, are trying to N come Turkey by other means, such give new momentum to the sepa- III as by airplane, Bahçeli responded -:J • Nationalist Movement Party . ratist movement in Turkey," he said . 0> (MHP) Chairman Devlet Bahçeli Bahçeli held a press conference that all such initiatives should be «:J criticized the Western sponsors of on Monday arthe MHP' s headquar- prevented. .' the Peace Train, whohad pla.DJ.1~ to . ters in Ankara, to address the Peace When questioned about not per- travel to Turkey to stop the l3-year- Train issue. He said that some coun- mitting his supporters from the youth old conflict.between Turkish security tries have been using indirect meth- branches to wear blue jeans, Bahçeli j s forces and the separatist Kurdistan . ods to create disturbances among voiced his opposition to blue jeans, Workers' Party (PKK).''The PKK, political, ethnic and religious com- saying that they should wear suits, III befitting of their political views. ~ along with countries and organiza- munities in rival states. Bahçeli

130 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Bilican: We will prevent PKK bases in Black Sea Â.alr.mI - Turtisb Dally News efforts by setting up bilateral with money paid by these states. contacts with related states, in The PKK has no supporters in • General Director of Police order to prevent the PKK from Turkey, there are on1y a few groups ForeeR,Necati Bilican, said on receiving outside support. ofbramwashed people," said Tuesday that they have taken When asked about the Bilican. the necessary measures to pre- PKK's actions in the Black Sea vent the separatist Kurdistan region, Bilican responded that M•• sur.s Workers' Party (PKK) estab- the organization has started to Bilican said that Turkey has con- lishing bases in the Black Sea develop new strategies tacts with Iran, Annenia. Moldavia, region of Turkey. throughoutthe country. the Russian Federation and Georgia. Meeting with the Republic 'The separatists are locked in order to prevent the activities of of Moldavia' s chief of police within the eastern and south- the PKK, and that they have taken for the Gagauz region, Bilican eastern regions and they are the necessary measures against the said that they would instigate a trying to show off by creating PKK's efforts to establish bases in cooperation with Gagauz Turks propaganda. They are killing the Black Sea region. in Moldavia, in the field of people for their own interests, "We have organized groups in security. and they have been receiving exter. the Black Sea region who have had Emphasizing that Turkey nal support. Some states have for- special training in combatting ter- has been struggling against ter- eign policies which are not in rorism," said Bilican. rorism since 1984, Bilican said Turkey's interests, so the PKK is that they have increased their trying to cause chaos in Turkey, Turkish Dolly News.

August 27. 1997

PUKdenies any cooperation withPKK

ÂJJlW'a - Turkish Ddy News • Releasing a statement on Tuesday, the Ankara office of the Jalal Talabani-Ied Patriotic Union of Ethnie cl •• nslng . Kurdistan (PUK) denied news reports about any In another statement released by the P~ It was declared that "ethnic cleansing to 'ArablZC' the cooperation between themselves and the outlawed Kurdistan region" has been carried out ~y Ba~~. Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). "Tbe Kurdistan regional government s administra- It was pointed out in the s.tatement ~t ~e PUK tor of the Kirkuk province, Jalal ~a~her, ~rts that was bonorin~ the Cease-flfC 10 the regIOn. PKK-KDP clashes contmue deep inside Dehoult province, far durinJ the last week. Iraqi authontIes notified 440 away from the PUK-KDP front lines. Therefore, the Kurdish households in the district towns of Jalula and Qara-Tepa to leave their homes for southern Iraq or KDP's allegations of PUK support f~r ~e P~ ~ areas administered by the Kurdistan regional govern- groundless, and are clearly meant to J~tifY Its failure to keep promises made to Turkey to eliminate the ment," the statement announced. PKK: said the statement. Turkish Dolly News The PUK also called upon the sponsors of the peace process "to restrain Mr. Barzani from further adventures and to intensify efforts to bring about a August 27. 1997 speedy and comprehensive implementation of the provisions of the Ankara accord C?fOctober .~~, mcluding those pertainin~ to ending Barzam s Pl!8cy of the revenues of the regIon as well as normalizmg the status of Arbi1."

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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Yerevan assures Ankara: 'We do not assist the PKK' Kaan Soyak of Turkish-Armenian Business Development Committee: 'Baku-Ceyhan via Armenian territories has greater possibility'

Soyak: 'A positive result before next spring' .aku-Ceyhan via Armenia Soyak also stated that a pipeline, to be built between Baku and Ceyhan for the SAADETORUÇ transportation of Caspian oil via Armenian Aakara - TurIdslJ Dally News territories, will have more chance than a pipeline via Georgia. • Kaan Soyak, thehead of the Turkish- . "Turkey has to consider its interests in Armenian Business Development the long term," said Soyak, referring to Committee, pointed out on Wednesday the uncertainty of the Azerbaijani govern- that Yerevan had assured Turkey that they ment's choice for the route to carry did not support the outlawed Kurdistan Caspian oil to Western markets .. Workers' Party (PKK). Armenian businessmen living in the Briefing the Turkish Daily News about United Stàtes are quite willing to make the increasing efforts to normalize ties investments in Turkey, added Soyak. Both between Turkey and Armenia, Soyak said the United States and the Russian that during their contact with high level Federation are very much in favour of Armenian officials, Aug. 1-5 in Yerevan, Armenia and Azerbaijan having good rela- the Turkish businessmen told high ranking tions, said Soyak who also pointed out officials in Yerevan that their precondition that it was really very important for to trading with Armenia was "a clear atti- regional peace. "There are already trade tude against PKK separatism." ties even between Armenians and . Azerbaijanis along the Georgian border," "General Staff has found no evidence that Armenia supports the PKK," claimed said Soyak. Sôyak.. . . Thecommittee, which was established "We stated in Yerevan that no ties on May 3, 1997, held its first meeting could be established between Armenia and between August 1-5 in Yerevan after Turkey, nor is there any indication that the which a protocol was signed. The protocol PKK has received assistance from is .the first documentary step towards start- Amienia," Soyak said. ing relations between the two' countries The main discussion regarding the nor- after 80 years, said Soyak, adding that "we malization of Turkish-Armenian relations are being accepted as an interlocutor by is continuing over whether or not to open the Foreign Ministry." the border crossings between Turkey and The group of Turkish business repre-' Armenia. . sentatives were welcomed at the highest ~emsettin Uzun, governor of Igdir, protocollevel in Armenia and received by appeared optimistic about the opening of the minister of trade and leading Foreign the Alican and DoAukapl border gates, Ministry officials, Soyak said. which is one of the most important ele- "Georgia and Iran have gained much ments of Turco-Armenian relations . revenue because of the indirect trade . "Although the gate is .closed we have a between Armenia and Turkey. But we trade volume of $100 million with cannot only continue direct trade between Armenia conducted via Iran and Georgia. the two countries, but also make Trabzon The estimated direct trade volume with and Hopa [Turkish ports on Black Sea] Armenia would be $500 million," said one some the biggest trade centers of the source.. .. region, instead of Novorosyssk or Poti . Commenting that the opening of the ports," said Bema Serdaroglu, the coordi- border crossing between Turkey and nator of the committee in an earlier inter- !ümeni~ w~l1permit Tu~key to be more view with the TON. lDfluentlalln Central As.àn states, .. She also added that although there is no "Armenia has good ties withthe Central direct trade between Turkey and Armenia Asian states," Soyak said. there is frequent use of.Turkish-made He also pointed out that the American goods in Armenia, making Georgia and Armenian businessmen told them in .. Iran rich from that trade. Businessmen Washington that the Turkish-Armenian from Istanbul will tour Ardahan, I~d1f and hostility ended 10 years ago when Turkey Kars in order tà.establish a common posi- sent aid of wheat and opened the air corri- tion for Turkish business circles to present dor. to the government.

132 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti 'Peace Train' participant~

I. arrive in Turkey by plane •

The late Musa Anter (seated center) with Se mat Bucak (standing second from left), E~ber YaOmurdereli (standing fourth from left) and Ismail Be~ikçi (standing far right). Some 120 foreign activists, seeking permit the Hamburg-Diyarbak1r train to enter Turkish territory. Turkish officials accused the to end the l3-year separatist separatist Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), insurgency in southeast Turkey, arrive which is carrying out a bloody guerrilla war in the country's southeast comer, of organizing in Istanbul, Ankara and Diyarbakrr the trip. More than 20,000 civilians, soldiers and guerrillas have been killed in the conflict Most of the activists include since the PKK launched its insurgency in 1984 European, Aunerican, African to establish a Kurdish state in southeast Turkey. parliamentarians, writers, intellectuals The conflict has also left more than 3 mil- and clergy. labor leaders lion people as refugees, who have been forced to flee from their villages to cities in the region and the west. An estimated 2,759 villages in REMZÏÇAKIN eastern and southeastern Turkey have been lstJmbuJ. Turkisb Daily News destroyed in the fighting. The visitors demanded that Turkey find a • Some 120 foreign activists, including peaceful solution to the conflict, which is European, American and African parliamentar- undermining the country's political and eco- ians, writers, intellectuals and clergy have nomic stability. arrived in Turkey, calling for the end to the 13- "TIus war is not only affecting the Kurds, year conflict between Turks and separatist but the C(ntire{>fople(of Turkey). It is destroy- Kurds, a spokesman for the group said ing the educatIOnal, health, welfare, cultural Thursday. and humanitarian needs of 60 million people," The activists are members of the so-called the organizing committee of the trip said in a "Musa Anter Peace Train," an initiative that written statement. began in 1995 and is named after a famed It said that war was costing Turkey $10 bil- Kurdish writer killed in southeast Turkey in lion a year. ''The future of Turkey is being 1992 by unidentified gunmen. turned over to the traders of war, darkening the They were supposed to arrive by train, but hopes'of the people," the statement said. The began arriving in Istanbul, Ankara and visitors included Italian Communist Party Diyarbak1r by airplane instead after Turkey's Deputy Luka Caceli; French academician Foreign Ministry said on Tuesday it would not Philippe Daumas; and Cenog Dafia, a member

133 Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti

of the British House of Commons. not forbidden by to enter the country would be A member of the French delegation Michael met by tolerance. Kostigaff was hospitalized after he fell at Musa Anter, the Kurdish intellectual and Istanbul Atatürk Interpational Airport and was writer who the peace train initiative is named injured. after, sought most of his life to find a peaceful The activists in Istanbul are expected to solution to the Kurdish question in Turkey. An leave for Diyarbakir by bus from Kachköy on idol among Kurds, he contributed to the recre- Saturday. ation of an ethnic and cultural Kurdish identity Turkish officials said the travelers would in the Republican era through his writings and not be met by any difficulty and those who are speeches. • Turkish Daily News SUNDAY.AUGUST31.1997

Baghdad urges Kurds to end western protection AI-Iraq: The sound and practical solution (to the Kurdish issue) is...to resort to national dialogue destruction of the under the hero and planner of (Kurdish) autonomy, center of conspiracy. the beloved leàder Saddam Hussein and aggression in Arbil under the Baghdad - Reuters against possible attack from umbrella of 'protect- Baghdad . ing Kurds' ," al- • Iraq's official press urged But Iraqi forces intervened. Qadissiya said in a rebel Kurds on Saturday to on the side of the Kurdistan commentary .. end U;S.-led Western protec- Democratic Party led by "Whetherit takes . tion and open dialogue with Massoud Barzani in August .longer or shorter, Baghdad, a day before the 1996.and helped them oust Iraq' s Kurdistan will anniversary of an Iraqi attack rebels of the Patriotic Union not remain Under on a Kurdish enclave in of Kurdistan led by lalal these extraordinary., northern Iraq. Talabani from Arbil, Iraqi conditions," the "It is quite confirmed ... Kurdistan' s administrative that America will not.bring paper predicted. center. AI-Iraq said: ''The any advantage (to the Kurds) Washington, which oppos- . sound and practical and they will not gain any es military involvement in the advantage from outside the area by Baghdad, then solution (to the (Iraqi) borders,'~ the official launched punitive missile Kurdish issue) is... al-Iraq daily said in a com- strikes against Iraqi air to resort to national mentary. defence targets in southern dialogue under the Iraq's Kurdish north, out- Iraq. . hero and planner of side the control of the central "The lightning Iraqi strike (Kurdish) autonomy, government since shortly against the snake's headin . the beloved leader after the 1991 Gulf War oVer Arbil has contributed to the . Saddam Hussein." Kuwait, has been protected by a U.S.-British air force

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