THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND THE OFFICE OF TRANSPORT AND TRAFFIC POLICY AND PLANNING (OTP)
DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLUEPRINT FOR THE SECOND MASS RAPID TRANSIT MASTER PLAN (M-MAP2) IN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND
FINAL REPORT
MARCH 2019
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ALMEC CORPORATION ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. TOKYO METRO CO., LTD. CREATIVE RESEARCH AND PLANNING CO., LTD. 1R JR(P) 19-022
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SHRSOHLVKLJKZKLOHUHJDUGLQJWD[LXVHU·VKRXVHKROGLQFRPHWKHVKDUHRIORZLQFRPHLV ORZ7KHUHLVQRODUJHGLIIHUHQFHRIKRXVHKROGLQFRPHFRPSRVLWLRQEHWZHHQFDUDQGUDLOZD\ XVHU 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car 22.0% 52.5% 16.7% Eсϴϲϳ Car 4.8%11.1% 19.3% 27.6% 20.4% 10.4% Eсϴϲϳ Motorcycyle 40.9% 47.1% 8.0% EсϮϳϰ Motorcycyle 17.2% 20.8% 18.2% 19.0% 16.1% 3.6% EсϮϳϰ Taxi 13.1% 73.1% 6.3% Eсϭϳϱ Taxi 5.1%7.4%10.9%8.0% 49.7% 15.4% Eсϭϳϱ Air-con public bus 26.8% 66.7% 3.0% Eсϭϵϴ Air-con public bus 11.6% 17.7% 4.0%15.2% 41.4% 7.6% Eсϭϵϴ Non Aircon public bus & Non Aircon public bus & 17.6% 69.3% 9.2% 6.5% 18.5% 10.1% 26.8% 28.6% 5.7% Public Van Eсϯϯϲ Public Van Eсϯϯϲ BTS/MRT/AR L/SRT 14.7% 71.9% 10.3% Eсϳϴϯ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 6.6% 19.2% 15.1% 23.1% 21.5% 10.1% Eсϳϴϯ Paratransit 32.5% 57.5% 7.5% EсϰϬ Paratransit 12.5% 12.5% 17.5% 12.5% 40.0% 2.5% EсϰϬ Other 33.3% 51.7% 10.3% Eсϴϳ Other 14.9% 26.4% 16.1% 18.4% 19.5% 3.4% Eсϴϳ Total 21.6% 61.9% 11.2% EсϮ͕ϳϲϬ Total 7.7% 16.0% 15.1% 22.7% 24.9% 8.8% EсϮ͕ϳϲϬ No answer 1. 10,000 or less 2. 10,001 - 20,000 No answer 1. 10,000 or less 2. 10,001 - 20,000 3. 20,001 - 30,000 4. 30,001 - 40,000 5. 40,001 - 60,000 3. 20,001 - 30,000 4. 30,001 - 40,000 5. 40,001 - 60,000 6. 60,001 - 80,000 7. 80,001 - 100,000 8. 80,001 - 100,000 6. 60,001 - 80,000 7. 80,001 - 100,000 8. 80,001 - 100,000 Baht/Month Baht/Month Personal Income Share by Chosen Mode Household Income Share by Chosen Mode 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 3HUVRQDODQGKRXVHKROG,QFRPHFRPSRVLWLRQE\&KRVHQ0RGH 6KDUHRI&DUDQG5DLOZD\XVHUE\+RXVHKROG,QFRPH 7KHVKDUHRIFDUDQGUDLOZD\XVHUE\KRXVHKROGLQFRPHLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWKHVKDUH RIFDUXVHUEHFRPHVPRUHWKDQZKHQWKHLQFRPHOHYHOEHFRPHPRUHWKDQ %DKWPRQWK'XHWRWKHVDPSOLQJELDVRQO\WKHVKDUHRIFDUDQGUDLOZD\LVVKRZQ ĂŚƚͬDŽŶƚŚ More than 80,000 58% 42% 60,001 - 80,000 51% 49% 40,001 - 60,000 57% 43% 30,001 - 40,000 59% 41% 20,001 - 30,000 39% 61% 20,000 or less 45% 55% No answer 41% 59% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 6KDUHRI&DUDQG5DLOZD\XVHUE\+RXVHKROG,QFRPH 'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ6XUYH\RQWKH'HYHORSPHQWRI%OXHSULQWIRUWKH6HFRQG0DVV5DSLG7UDQVLW0DVWHU3ODQ 00$3 )LQDO5HSRUW 3DUW,, 'HPDQG)RUHFDVW6XE:RUNLQJ*URXS 7\SHVRI3ULYDWH9HKLFOH5HVSRQGHQW&DQ8VH'DLO\ 7KHVKDUHRIZKDWNLQGRISULYDWHYHKLFOHUHVSRQGHQWFDQXVHGDLO\LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH RIEXVXVHUDQGUDLOZD\XVHUFDQQRWXVHWKHFDURUPRWRUF\FOH 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Car 4%2% 67% 26% Eсϴϲϳ Motorcycyle 4% 49% 5% 43% EсϮϳϰ Taxi 17% 3% 59% 21% Eсϭϳϱ Air-con public bus 39% 9% 39% 12% Eсϭϵϴ Non Aircon public bus & Public Van 38% 17% 33% 12% Eсϯϯϲ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 44% 8% 31% 17% Eсϳϴϯ Paratransit 45% 5% 43% 8% EсϰϬ Other 59% 7% 22% 13% Eсϴϳ Unknown None Only motorcycle Only car Both car and Motorcycle 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 7\SHVRI3ULYDWH9HKLFOH5HVSRQGHQWFDQ8VH'DLO\ 'HSDUWXUHDQG'HVWLQDWLRQ3RLQW 'HSDUWXUHSRLQWDQGGHVWLQDWLRQSRLQWLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHPRVWRIGHSDUWXUHSRLQWV DUHZLWKLQNPIURP&%' 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 'HSDUWXUHDQG'HVWLQDWLRQ3RLQW 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Ϭй ϮϬй ϰϬй ϲϬй ϴϬй ϭϬϬй Ϭй ϮϬй ϰϬй ϲϬй ϴϬй ϭϬϬй Ăƌ ϯй ϰϬй ϰϵй ϴй Ăƌ ϭϴй ϱϲй Ϯϯй DŽƚŽƌĐLJĐLJůĞ ϭйϮϬй ϲϴй ϭϭй DŽƚŽƌĐLJĐLJůĞ ϭϯй ϲϮй Ϯϯй dĂdž ϱй ϱϳй ϯϱй Ϯй dĂdž Ϯϭй ϱϰй Ϯϭй ŝƌͲĐŽŶƉƵďůŝĐďƵƐ Ϯй ϱϵй ϯϱй ϱй ŝƌͲĐŽŶƉƵďůŝĐďƵƐ ϭϲй ϱϲй Ϯϲй EŽŶŝƌĐŽŶƉƵďůŝĐďƵƐΘ͙ϭй ϳϭй Ϯϱй Ϯй EŽŶŝƌĐŽŶƉƵďůŝĐďƵƐΘ͙ Ϯϰй ϲϬй ϭϰй d^ͬDZdͬZ>ͬ^Zd ϭй ϯϵй ϱϰй ϰй d^ͬDZdͬZ>ͬ^Zd ϭϲй ϳϭй ϭϬй WĂƌĂƚƌĂŶƐŝƚ ϯй ϯϴй ϱϬй ϴй WĂƌĂƚƌĂŶƐŝƚ ϯϯй ϱϱй ϭϬй KƚŚĞƌ ϯй ϯϳй ϱϮй ϴй KƚŚĞƌ ϭϴй ϲϴй ϭϰй dŽƚĂů Ϯй ϰϰй ϰϴй ϲй dŽƚĂů ϭϴй ϲϮй ϭϴй hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĞĨŽƌĞϲ ϲ͗ϬϬͲϲ͗ϱϵ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĞĨŽƌĞϲ ϲ͗ϬϬͲϲ͗ϱϵ ϳ͗ϬϬͲϳ͗ϱϵ ϴ͗ϬϬͲϴ͗ϱϵ ĨƚĞƌϵ ϳ͗ϬϬͲϳ͗ϱϵ ϴ͗ϬϬͲϴ͗ϱϵ ĨƚĞƌϵ Departure Time Arrival Time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ϲϬϬ Within 5km ϲϬϬ 5 to 10 km ϱϬϬ ϱϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϯϬϬ ϯϬϬ ϮϬϬ ϮϬϬ ϭϬϬ ϭϬϬ Ϭ Ϭ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĞĨŽƌĞϲ ϲ͗ϬϬͲϲ͗ϱϵ ϳ͗ϬϬͲϳ͗ϱϵ ϴ͗ϬϬͲϴ͗ϱϵ ĨƚĞƌϵ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĞĨŽƌĞϲ ϲ͗ϬϬͲϲ͗ϱϵ ϳ͗ϬϬͲϳ͗ϱϵ ϴ͗ϬϬͲϴ͗ϱϵ ĨƚĞƌϵ hŶĚĞƌϭϱŵŝŶ ϭϱͲϯϬŵŝŶ ϯϬͲϰϱŵŝŶ hŶĚĞƌϭϱŵŝŶ ϭϱͲϯϬŵŝŶ ϯϬͲϰϱŵŝŶ ϰϱͲϲϬŵŝŶ ϰϱͲϲϬŵŝŶ ϲϬͲϵϬŵŝŶ KǀĞƌϵϬŵŝŶ ϲϬͲϵϬŵŝŶ KǀĞƌϵϬŵŝŶ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ϲϬϬ ϲϬϬ More than 20km ϱϬϬ 10 to 20km ϱϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϰϬϬ ϯϬϬ ϯϬϬ ϮϬϬ ϮϬϬ ϭϬϬ ϭϬϬ Ϭ Ϭ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĞĨŽƌĞϲ ϲ͗ϬϬͲϲ͗ϱϵ ϳ͗ϬϬͲϳ͗ϱϵ ϴ͗ϬϬͲϴ͗ϱϵ ĨƚĞƌϵ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ĞĨŽƌĞϲ ϲ͗ϬϬͲϲ͗ϱϵ ϳ͗ϬϬͲϳ͗ϱϵ ϴ͗ϬϬͲϴ͗ϱϵ ĨƚĞƌϵ hŶĚĞƌϭϱŵŝŶ ϭϱͲϯϬŵŝŶ ϯϬͲϰϱŵŝŶ ϰϱͲϲϬŵŝŶ hŶĚĞƌϭϱŵŝŶ ϭϱͲϯϬŵŝŶ ϯϬͲϰϱŵŝŶ ϲϬͲϵϬŵŝŶ KǀĞƌϵϬŵŝŶ hŶŬŶŽǁŶ ϰϱͲϲϬŵŝŶ ϲϬͲϵϬŵŝŶ KǀĞƌϵϬŵŝŶ 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 7UDYHO7LPHE\'HSDUWXUH7LPHDQG5HVLGHQFH$UHD 7UDYHO&RVW 7UDYHOFRVWE\PRGHLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH,QFDVHRIDLUFRQEXVDQGQRQDLUFRQEXV WUDYHOFRVWLVORZFRPSDUHGZLWKRWKHUPRGHDQGPRVWRIWKDWFRVWVEHORZEDKW 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car 9% 21% 52% 18% Eсϴϲϳ Motorcycyle 9% 59% 31% 1% EсϮϳϰ Taxi 1%6% 26% 67% Eсϭϳϱ Air-con public bus 84% 13% 4%0% Eсϭϵϴ Non Aircon public bus & Public Van 88% 10%2%0% Eсϯϯϲ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 13% 51% 34% 2% Eсϳϴϯ Paratransit 33% 48% 18% 3% EсϰϬ Other 78% 18% 3%0% Eсϴϳ Total 27% 31% 32% 11% EсϮ͕ϳϲϬ 0-25 26-50 51-100 over 100 ĂŚƚ 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 7UDYHO&RVWE\0RGH 'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ6XUYH\RQWKH'HYHORSPHQWRI%OXHSULQWIRUWKH6HFRQG0DVV5DSLG7UDQVLW0DVWHU3ODQ 00$3 )LQDO5HSRUW 3DUW,, 'HPDQG)RUHFDVW6XE:RUNLQJ*URXS 8VDJH)UHTXHQF\RI&KRVHQ0RGH 8VDJHIUHTXHQF\RIFKRVHQPRGHLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHPRVWSHRSOHGRQRWFKDQJHWKH PRGH 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Car 5% 93% 2% Eсϴϲϳ Motorcycyle 5% 93% 1%EсϮϳϰ Taxi 0% 98% 2% Eсϭϳϱ Air-con public bus 6% 93% 1%Eсϭϵϴ Non Aircon public bus & Public Van 12% 87% 1%Eсϯϯϲ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 2% 96% 1%Eсϳϴϯ Paratransit 3% 88% 10% EсϰϬ Other 11% 87% 1%Eсϴϳ Total 5% 93% 1%EсϮ͕ϳϲϬ Unknown erveyday weekdays less than weekday 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 8VDJH)UHTXHQF\RI&KRVHQ0RGH 7KH5HDVRQVIRU0RGH&KRLFH 7KHUHDVRQIRUPRGHFKRLFHLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHDQG)LJXUH y &DU FRPIRUWDEOHDQG3ULYDF\DUHKLJK y 7D[L FKHDSHVWFRVWQRQHHGWRZDONURXWHFRYHUDJHDQGSULYDF\DUHKLJK y 0RWRUF\FOH VKRUWHVWWUDYHOWLPHFKHDSHVWFRVWDQGFRPIRUWDEOHDUHKLJK y $LUFRQEXV FKHDSHVWFRVWQRQHHGWRZDONDQGURXWHFRYHUDJHDUHKLJK y 1RQDLUFRQEXV FKHDSHVWFRVWDQGURXWHFRYHUDJHDUHKLJK y 5DLOZD\ FKHDSHVWFRVWFRPIRUWDEOHDQGUHOLDEOHDUHKLJK y 3DUDWUDQVLW FKHDSHVWFRVWFRPIRUWDEOHQRQHHGWRZDONDUHKLJK y 2WKHUPRGHV VKRUWHVWWUDYHOWLPHDQGFKHDSHVWFRVWDUHKLJK 'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ6XUYH\RQWKH'HYHORSPHQWRI%OXHSULQWIRUWKH6HFRQG0DVV5DSLG7UDQVLW0DVWHU3ODQ 00$3 )LQDO5HSRUW 3DUW,, 'HPDQG)RUHFDVW6XE:RUNLQJ*URXS Car Eсϴϲϳ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Taxi Eсϭϳϱ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Shortest travel time 26.5% Shortest travel time 8.0% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 47.4% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 58.9% Reliable/Punctual travel time 39.9% Reliable/Punctual travel time 26.9% High frequency/ Short waiting time 11.0% High frequency/ Short waiting time 17.7% Safety 38.4% Safety 46.3% Comfortable 59.7% Comfortable 44.0% No need to walk 34.1% No need to walk 58.9% Operating time is suitable 11.9% Operating time is suitable 13.7% Route coverage area is covered 23.9% Route coverage area is covered 61.7% Privacy 63.2% Privacy 54.3% Cleanliness 10.1% Cleanliness 6.3% Better technology in service 0.9% Better technology in service 12.6% No choice for other modes 16.8% No choice for other modes 6.9% Other 0.2% Other 0.0% Motorcycle EсϮϳϰ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Air-con bus Eсϭϵϴ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Shortest travel time 58.4% Shortest travel time 17.2% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 70.8% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 83.8% Reliable/Punctual travel time 42.0% Reliable/Punctual travel time 15.7% High frequency/ Short waiting time 11.3% High frequency/ Short waiting time 26.3% Safety 18.2% Safety 38.4% Comfortable 62.8% Comfortable 32.8% No need to walk 25.2% No need to walk 50.5% Operating time is suitable 8.8% Operating time is suitable 18.7% Route coverage area is covered 14.6% Route coverage area is covered 66.7% Privacy 40.5% Privacy 37.9% Cleanliness 8.0% Cleanliness 2.0% Better technology in service 1.1% Better technology in service 1.0% No choice for other modes 15.7% No choice for other modes 6.6% Other 0.0% Other 0.5% 6RXUFH -,&$6WXG\7HDP )LJXUH 7KH5HDVRQVIRU0RGH&KRLFH Non air-con bus & Van Eсϯϯϲ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT Eсϳϴϯ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Shortest travel time 23.2% Shortest travel time 49.8% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 78.0% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 53.0% Reliable/Punctual travel time 28.9% Reliable/Punctual travel time 50.2% High frequency/ Short waiting time 38.7% High frequency/ Short waiting time 41.6% Safety 25.9% Safety 28.0% Comfortable 31.5% Comfortable 60.0% No need to walk 28.6% No need to walk 11.1% Operating time is suitable 16.7% Operating time is suitable 14.3% Route coverage area is covered 68.2% Route coverage area is covered 23.1% Privacy 22.3% Privacy 14.2% Cleanliness 2.7% Cleanliness 5.0% Better technology in service 2.1% Better technology in service 16.0% No choice for other modes 12.5% No choice for other modes 13.2% Other 0.0% Other 0.0% Pratransit EсϰϬ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Other Eсϴϳ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Shortest travel time 40.0% Shortest travel time 60.9% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 72.5% Cheapest Fare/ Costs 66.7% Reliable/Punctual travel time 32.5% Reliable/Punctual travel time 44.8% High frequency/ Short waiting time 12.5% High frequency/ Short waiting time 27.6% Safety 27.5% Safety 13.8% Comfortable 60.0% Comfortable 39.1% No need to walk 52.5% No need to walk 16.1% Operating time is suitable 5.0% Operating time is suitable 9.2% Route coverage area is covered 42.5% Route coverage area is covered 32.2% Privacy 45.0% Privacy 24.1% Cleanliness 0.0% Cleanliness 1.1% Better technology in service 0.0% Better technology in service 0.0% No choice for other modes 15.0% No choice for other modes 32.2% Other 0.0% Other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ar 19% 0%9% 43% 12% 7% 6%1% Eсϴϯϲ Car 20% 66% 13% Eсϴϯϲ Motorcycyle 18% 17% 0% 37% 4%6% 10% 7% EсϮϳϬ 11% 69% 10%0%2%2%4% Motorcycyle 20% 71% 8% EсϮϳϬ Taxi 1%Eсϭϳϱ Air-con public bus 8% 45% 6% 34% 0%1%4%0%Eсϭϵϲ Taxi 9% 83% 7%Eсϭϳϱ Non Aircon public bus & Public Van 17% 38% 13% 23% 1%1%6%1% Eсϯϯϲ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 20% 30% 9% 33% 1%3%3%0%Eсϳϴϭ Air-con public bus 9% 87% 4%Eсϭϵϲ Paratransit 23% 31% 15% 21% 0%5%0%5% Eсϯϵ Non Aircon public bus &… 19% 76% 5%Eсϯϯϲ Other 40% 20% 16% 11%1%1% 9%0%Eсϴϳ BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT 21% 71% 6% Eсϳϴϭ No Alternative Car Paratransit 23% 59% 18% Eсϯϵ Motorcycyle Tax Other 39% 53% 6% Eсϴϳ Air-con public bus Non Aircon public bus & Public Van BTS/MRT/ARL/SRT Paratransit 0 1 2 More than 2 Other Alternative Mode Number of Alternatives mode 6RXUFH 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