Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions

Septembre 2009 Europe Desk Reporters Without Borders 47, rue Vivienne - 75002 Paris Tél : (33) 1 44 83 84 78 - Fax : (33) 1 45 23 11 51 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.rsf.org Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions state of the media in seven selected regions selected seven in media the of state the of description systematic a providing by situation the of picture differentiated more a depict to aims Borders Reporters Without chance. by just usually although public, the to way its In found has information country? far-flung encouraging as well this as years, alarming recent of regions the in press the of freedom about What mism. opti for grounds few offers power of center the from capital. coming Yet,information the Russian the in press printed diverse relatively the radio broadcaster “Echo and Moskvy” the by playedrole independent the to point they Kremlin. by the control to subject whyis This are stations television national the that deny don’t executive the of clear. representatives Even relatively is situation the Moscow, In landscape. media the in ted in cracy” Russia, demo then this must also be reflec greater on chance a a take as “to desire intentions Medvedev’s interpret to is one country. If a of development democratic the for indispensable is press the of Freedom 2009 signals. April encouraging were in Gazeta Novaya to reporter interview exclusive first the his giving Medvedev President and and 2009. This early in Baburova Anastasiya Markelov Stanislav lawyer double rights human the Russian the after of murder talks for Kremlin the to Gazeta, Novaya independent the of in-chief Muratov, editor-Dmitry invite did Medvedev President hand, other the On situation. the with familiar those by disconcerting as seen be only could which media, country’s the of state the with satisfaction his expressed also repression.” Yet, he than better is “freedom that remarked and judiciary independent an in demanded Kremlin the of tone head lity. new The new the - possibi a such fact, indicate to appeared Moscow In country. the in democracy of development the in point ning tur positive a marked occasion the that med assu West the in politicians and mentators com many president, new Russia’s as 2008 When Medvedev Dmitri took on office 7 May ------picture of the limitations as well as the lee the as well as limitations the of picture diverse a provides that report a is result The the crisis. financial and with economic the of dealing effects the also in and media, business and politics of role the monopolies, ownership possible distribution, concerning questions are there addition, In journalism? independent for basis economic an create can that methods ness clever busi nalists? with publishers Are there among jour How is self-censorship pervasive role? a play also conditions economic do or media the plagues that state Russian the only truly it Is free?” “relatively being as regions Russian 86 of 19 judged Map Glasnost shed publi annually last its in Foundation Defense What developments? does it mean, for example, when the Glasnost positive been there danger.even or pressure have Where to ject - sub are provinces Russian the in journalists and editors-in-chief, publishers, newspaper extent what to and if out find to We wanted the and tainted Sverdlovsk in region. Moscow criminally conducted the also to in Russia’sVladivostok Far East. Research was Urals in the Perm of city liberal the from and games, world as the site chosen of the 2014 Olympic the to to showcase Russia’ssouth, the settled north in Sochi extreme thinly Russia’s from in them Archangelsk took task The the of site. state on media the assess to regions Russian selected seven to traveled – Willershausen Albrecht, Florian in and Erik Gathmann, Moritz Ballin, Aden, André Mareike accredited – Moscow correspondents German as work expert also who country the on with knowledge researchers five 2009, of mer - sum the In Russia. in freedom press of atlas is to draw investigation up an of this goal The room maneuver. for and opportunities to attention draw regions, in particular to also but of journalists difficulties and plight on the gaze our sharpen to meant only not is picture Russia. This of 1 - - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions focused on hot spots such as Chechnya. as such spots hot on focused capital,Russian Western is primarily attention the Russia.Besides in freedom press of tions bas last the as up held regularly are Echo Moskvy station radio the and Gazeta independent Novaya The Moscow. in based media now are relatively well informed about the of situation experts and journalists Western country? enormous this in situation true the reflect adequately Freedom Press Worldassessments and figures 2008 Index. these Yet, do the in tries coun 173 of out 141 ranked result, Russia a killed. been have As journalists 20 than more Putin 2000, March in president Vladimir as power Since assumed 2006. of autumn the in Politkovskaya Anna the journalist of general renowned murder been the before has long knowledge this – dangerously live Federation Russian the in journalists Critical Borders Reporters Without Sager Dirk and Pörzgen Gemma despite reporting conditions. adverse ground independent their stand through to manage colleagues jobs, their for their fewof a concern growing resign journalists of out circumstances given the to themselves many While media nessmen. the that in the of interests oligarchs or serves busi local means authorities frequently state Russia from economic independence that clear becomes it journalists. all, Above Russian to available room way Black box regional journalism regional box Black Introduction - - - etr junlss netgtn pes free press investigating journalists Western mean? actually does “independent” What Dubna. and Shukovsk, Klin, as such region, Moscow the in cities other and in exist media critical and Khimki control,independent under while of completely media the have suburbs authorities local Odinzovo, Moscow the In cities. individual be between differences can vast there region same the within Even staff. its of member a still and Setchina, editor-in-chiefPerm former Echo of Anastasia says problems,” any to led hasn’t stance critical our why wonder people tions, competi journalism to broadcasts our mit in Perm are allowed to write. we “When sub colleagues their what of dream only can lists journa local Sochi,where of venue Olympic the in similar are Conditions Journalism. of East Association Far the of Bulach,Chairman Sergey says dramatic,” increasingly becoming is in freedom press situation to respect “The with region.Primorye to region greatly from varies maneuver for room Possible foundation. Eurasia New the by sponsored project a Program, Russian Media Print the Independent of head Eismond, Maria notes unmistakable. has for been “The raised,”threshold criticism remains however, era, Putin the of start the since tendency general The regions. the in media on Kremlin the by influence direct of cases any found hardly Borders of Without Association Reporters from researchers fact,the In ced. the convin (ANRI), Press of Regional Independent director cutive regions,”says Koshman, the exe - in Anna the exist to press independent an allows “The Kremlin Russia. in everywhere but media, gas the control and Lukoil and oil Gazprom like monoliths where Norilsk, as such and resources Tyumen natural in in or rich Caucasus regions North Tatarstan, as the and such Bashkiria, regions governed rian authorita in only not constraints economic and political to subject is journalism Critical region to region from varies reporting Independent 2 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions Volnaya Kuban from the Krasnodar region. Krasnodar Volnaya the from Kuban and region) (Moscow Serpukhov of city the in Oka-Info newspaper the with case power. the was Such in those of side the on biased or mayor clearly the was reporting the governor, of although mention specific no was there where examples many found Borders Without Reporters regions, its the in During research journalism. independent pro motes it mean necessarily not does cipation parti state without operated outlet media A format. news a to them ted edi were instead they as and office press the fired by sent was stories broadcast to refused he after region Krasnodar the in station a of editor-in-chief the contrast, By region. the of Altai case the in seen be can as dence, some in of indepen degree a certain maintain regions editors the Moscow, from come funds budget the Although status. special a Rossiya of something enjoy reports, do broadcaster regional with television influential the provide which (GTRK), Company and Radio Television State Russian the of outlets institutions. state of mouthpiece regional The outlets media these as the of the serving Soviet tradition maintain of many day, this To or by region,owned the partially district, wholly city.or are stations television and radio of majority a and newspapers regional Many reporting. in rence 3. any without owned media interfe Privately owner the by control rial edito strong with media owned Privately 2. contracts” through “information state the by influenced or state 1.the by owned Media account: into taken be must differences media. following the The of orientation the political the on influence exerts owner an great how and media owns the who is importance greater much Of fre are oversimplifications. misplaced quently “liberal,” or “opposition” as such reality. the in popular Even descriptions West, Russian the to inappropriate simply is free” as categorized be or or “dependant,“not “free” “independent” simply can media that assumption here. The apply don’t categories descriptive rigid that fact quickly the by be confronted will regions Russian the in dom ------nion is on display. on is reality, nion In however, of none opi of diversity a that think might cially, one - superfi Viewed opinion. popular for battle downright a conduct to media own their use power for vying groups various Altai the the region, of and city region) the (Moscow as Serpukhov such places, some In nent. oppo economic or political the compromise to is media this of goal the as principles, tic journalis to adherence any seldom is There low. extremely also is governor. quality The or mayor current the main oppose to is their purpose as “oppositional,” as be described generously only can groups media Such Deripaska. Oleg garch oli the by financed indirectly is example, for Arkhangelsk, in Severo-Zapada Pravda paper manner. opaque completely a in The financed newspaper the i Klin),Pravdaof town the in Soglasiye is it or as (such initiative citizens’ some of organ the as itself probably present to prefer will it Instead, newspaper. a such of imprint the in mentioned not is owner the war. information of Frequently, name real the the in views their across get to outlet media own their up start they – involved gets ties, authori the with conflict in businessmen of group a cases the most Even in “opposition,” Primamedia. of Savitzki,owner the the state, from I just won’t believe him,” says contracts Alexander advertising without do can he that claim the makes newspaper a large of state publisher the from “If contracts. revenues advertising Vladivostok of the consisted in region, leader market the Primamedia, online of budget the of percent is immense.contracts Last year, more than 50 television the time.”such station any of “at significance The of work the inspect to the right has city the addition, In quality.” thetic and aes as on well content dations as artistic recommen “offer to right the granted reby - the is client quarter. The each bodies state of activities the on reporting of minutes 960 Poisk aside station sets TV television the and Klin of mayor’s city the the between of office media.contract The independent formally of instrument an loyalty the ensure to power in those by used are contracts Information control of instrument an as contracts” “Information 3 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions Anna Koshman, there are around 20 further director 20 around are Koshman, there Anna ANRI by estimates to According conditions. political and nomic eco difficult despite players business or cal politi by be “bought” themselves letting not in with resolute remain that associated ANRI not outlets media regional Russian other also are 2007. There late in Group Media WAZ of German Tula,the by purchased was which city the region),in (Altai Sloboda per the and region),(Moscow the KursSvobodni newspa Nedelya Klinskaya the include Press (ANRI). They Regional Independent the of of Association banner the under united have pers of newspa regional fifty than 2004, more Since Association Russian The Press Regional Independent – ANRI contracts. information through state the from ruble single a received even never state without has media this of media majority financing. vast The no be can there that claim the rest to puts regions. alone existence investigated Their the of all in found be could media independent of examples tion, civil or competi hard Despite organizations. society leaders, business players, political of interests the from independence to here refers word the “independent” media, where The third group of consists truly independent exists. media” any “agitation hardly contrast, by Perm, of region ral libe the criticized.In be can conditions local where or views their express can politicians opposition which the in media any longer In no is media. critical Moscow of suburb Khimki, for instance, there and newspapers,” independent truly suppressing of agitation policy their of because “political these for blame to themselves have only frequently local governors and Mayors attacking officials. government articles with local businessmen by financed action an in mailboxes to distributed are newspapers of thousands of tens that elections before case the often is It directed always and side. the “opposing” against reported is mation infor negative Only objective. is media this ------Krasnodar region) and the Moscow business Moscow the and region) Krasnodar the the of (in the Gazeta Novaya critical as such government, is newspapers (Krasnodar Even papers Sochi region). in their Kurier regional of Krasnodarski percent One 80 to content. up with regions 25 in newspapers publishes It model. resting inte an presents house publishing Provinziya The editions. regional 40 Komsomolskya over with tabloid Pravda the by dominated These currently exist in many regions and are outlets. media Moscow of subsidiaries gional suprare the of consists group additional An line. official the only state spouts usually to which media, contrast stark in – press pendent inde the of pages the in opinion readers’ for region, room Moscow of deal great a is there the in Journalists of Association Russian the from Chernyshova Natalya stresses that, all taboo. usually mayor is For local or governor everyday people’s regional the on on reporting Critical is concerns. focus the in which but coverage, political include does that journalism roots” “grass of type they a promote why is This Koshman. says business,” with the powerful. “They as see newspapers a conflicts picking in interested not are shers - publi part, most the For concept. successful economically its with regions other four to expanded has tabloid which and news” positive with “quality a as itself sees which Tula, in Sloboda the is lessness.”example prime tooth A “political of degree certain a display newspapers these time,of many same the At apolitical nationwide as Pravda.” his such “Pensionerskaya magazines from assured the is publishes independent,be afford to income his because can newspaper. He Severodvinsk” Byelousov “Vecherni region, Vyatsheslav Arkhangelsk stricken economically severely the in north, far the In books. and calendars magazines, papers,pensioner ment advertise magazines, glossy as such material printed through “apolitical” primarily earned flagship, its as serves newspaper the is money publisher a Usually,house, although and publishing small a founds basis. financial stable a enjoy newspapers these of members.Most her to addition in newspapers independent 4 - - - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions to discover any influential political bloggers in to bloggers discover anypolitical influential impossible was it web- communities, in social based active are and diaries online keep Russians of majority a though texts. Even PR Journalist of on of all the consist articles Internet “paid” Sverdlovsk percent Polyanin, 80 to up the that estimates Association, Dmitri of credibility. Chairman little enjoy also here newspapers sources.Online other from information publish only media most therefore, and, money make to opportunity little presents However,medium. still used it much- a into developed has regions Russian the in Internet years,the few past the Over in Lemma Vladivostok. Radio and Moskvy Echo include Examples Yekaterinburg higher. somewhat is Yekaterinburg broadcasters radio dent in Kanal - indepen of region). number (Sverdlovsk The 4. independent in those by power. up is A and the private positive exception bought been have regions of number a in channels independent merly from financed or state regional budgets. In channels recent years, for those are players press.Dominant printed the than media sive - inten financially more are which radio, and television among diversity less much found Eismond.Borders Reporters Without expert media the television,”says or radio than way lee greater have newspapers “Independent the which years. for itself found has in paper plight to economic little the doing remedy market, its in place third in Recent paper the show statistics critical. readership regional and sharp remaining while position neutral from a surprisingly report to choosing region, instead the in battles nomic eco and political ongoing the despite stance confrontational a take not does instance, for Vladivostok, in VestiArsenyevskiye The vive. the on rely of to staff their sur and self-sacrifice idealism and insecure financially often are papers Such income. of source sole the since.as little serves changed newspaper The has and 1990s early the in part most the for arose model business of warriors.”sort “lone This of consists group media of type One media the in warriors Lone papers.” their from “mother support financial any receive don’t regional they but spin-offs, have (Perm) Kommersant journal - - - - oenr fVaiotk prpitd seven appropriated Vladivostok of governor the 2008, of quarter second the in example, to relations contracts. are given state information the For close and with media private buildings, tion, owned addi state equipment.In technical the in “invests” in free for practically work to paper the allows wages, media.staff paysloyal and state The state for subsidies their with market the distort tures On the hand,other the regional power struc euros). (27,000 page per rubles million 1.15 charges 130,000) of run (print Kommersant journal business Moscow the (800 while rubles euros), 35,000 for advertising of a Arkhangelsk page sells 10,000) the of run as (print Business-Class such paper A regions:regional the in market advertising the of comparative state the on clarity some some provide to figures are poorly Here still is developed. market advertising the that is a content sign editorial without papers sing adverti of existence very the (Arkhangelsk), Lipnizki Alexey publisher the to According budget papers sprouting up by the thousands. in boom recent years has led to a of plethora such low economic countrywide The nue. reve- advertising their of portion large a of media other deprive and mailboxes distributed in freely are papers the copies, 100,000 than more often of business.runs print With lucrative in resulting bottom – to advertisements top with from filled instead are content, but editorial no practically Russia. have of They “advertising regions all so-called in exist hand, newspapers” one the On publishers this. deficit.for a reasons two are There regional report that their weekly or daily papers show many region. Moscow Nonetheless, the the in market to newspaper respect with association journalist same,” the says Yelenathe from Chernyshova all them read they but newspapers, regional over advantage natural their about media. complain national a “People hold media nal distances, great regio by separated often are Russia, or cities districts in neighboring which like country populated yetthinly massive a In market the distorts thereby and – media own its feeds state The regions. investigated the 5 - - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions xss o xr ifune” as the says Danilow, influence,” holding, media up a small built has who which Dmitri exert businessman Arkhangelsk to exists “Media interests? own his promote to it use can’t he if outlet media a subsidize politician or businessman Russian a should Whyness. busi or state the on dependent is that media in dent of is ownership quite simply in unknown colleagues indepen their content Editorial Europe. of Western situation compared the be with hardly can work journalists under which Russian The extreme conditions tune” the call piper the pay who “Those expenses. its reduce drastically to forced is the boom, from economic and insolvency is now facing profited greatly has years recent them,” in financed region,which Koshman. Moscow says The now until have who men, business of problems economic the or cuts budget state by affected aren’t “They crisis. from the winners as emerging of opportunity the have media Independent increase. small a shown have information” serious “provide that newspapers of circulation the that notes she time, same year. the previous At the to advertising comparison in percent 45 around revenueof in Koshman decline Anna average 2009, an of reported summer the By hard. media 2008,regional of hit summer the in Russia reached which crisis, financial The nistration. admi and city the by financed papers newspapers other advertising free with compete to able being longer no after 2003 Sochi in nerves paper frayed with weekly up gave also region), (Krasnodar independent the of few a ago. years Ivanov, Georgi editor-in-chief Sergey competition unfair to victim fell Podrobnosti newspaper journalist independent whose Panasenko, based Yekaterinburg news press becomes a real business,” says the from the state.when the come only will “Freedom contracts” “information by fed those or competitors state-run against compete to intensive cost market have chance little television and radio technologies. the in latest broadcasters the Private with media own its equipped recently has administration local the region, Moscow the In services.” mation “infor binding legally finance to budget the from euros) 163,000 (approx. rubles million - - - - - oefl n ta cn eie h ft of fate foreign the completely is governors, and decide mayors can that and powerful supervisory the of shoulder over the looks that authority a Estate, Fourth the as media serves the that Olga notion The Arkhangelsk. says in control,” Journalism of Tretyakova, societal Faculty the of head of a system in “element an as media the regard institu tions state of representatives most tion, - tradi Soviet and Russian with accordance In life. everyday in subtle more are much freedom press suppressing in and Krasnodar methods as Vladivostok. State liberal, be such to known not regions in even exception, the be to tend violence of cases amputated. Yet, such be to had leg one and fingers months,while many for coma a in lay He home. his of front in beaten brutally was Moscow, of suburb a in published paper tion opposi an Pravda, Khimkinskaya of in-chief Beketov, editor- Mikhail 2008, November In journalists against Repression 2009. May in men unknown by up beaten was journalist” “assignment an as fought years two for administration city who the against region), (Moscow Serpukhov of city the from Solotaryov Maxim journalist the Similarly, assailants. unknown by injured to mayor resign. the A time later,short upon he was attacked and called Lipatov region), (Moscow Klin of city the in newspaper” demonstration “opposition and Truth). (Harmony Pravda I the a Soglasiye At of in-chief Lipatov,editor- Pyotr of case the is example danger. physical in themselves find One easily can politicians on take to willing Journalists in found Western Europe. advertising has little in common with the type of election media. existing in This PR paid through nents election. oppo their an compromise to attempt before Others year the mailboxes in newspapers, own free for distributed massively their then are which up set Many politicians precarious. particularly is election campaigns during journalists of situation The long have rule. this to accustomed been journalists Russian Most the tune.” call piper the pay who “Those politics. from possible as away far as keeps claims he © RSF © 6 - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions h fntos f tae no. n many In union. trade a of functions fulfill not the does and state the with affiliated closely In is association association. local the places, journalist many local their from support receive rarely trouble in Journalists trouble? in journalists helps Who officials. state by against instigated them,those even cases of majority the win they why don’t seriously, work their take is member this and simply law,” Koshman. saysRussian ANRI to adhere journalists “The sionalism. profes of lack a of result the is journalists of prosecution judicial cases, most in that view the holds from ANRI Koshman region. Anna that in media the of position powerful the of proof in as serves which journalist, decided the of favor judges cases, of majority the In mayor. the or for officials government by slander court to brought been frequently journalists have liberal comparison, by Perm, In cases. the of thirds two lost and – 200 businessmen fought against cases paper court his journalism, of years 18 Severa. Alexander In Pravda newspaper Arkhangelsk the says of editor-in-chief telephone,” former the Sacharov, the on ten threa “only Politicians directors. factory or entrepreneurs by pursued usually by are,contrast, media regional against cases Court regulations. fire of violations alleged the find to rooms of press “administrative checks department fire of or pections use ins tax as such organs, state the by resources” on report unanswered. remain Koshman says that frequently ANRI members inquiries official conferences and news to entry allowed or ted own invi not are simply line.of journalists Critical their out steps that press any developed punish to methods have organs state hand, other the on and, articles, their shing publi before self-censorship practice already official. hand,journalists one the court.On to media government a rarely takerepresentatives Government such of responsibility the under frequent sphere a within scandal any on ted of told - repor they as soon as authorities by threats media independent All officials. state to - - - - - image advertising consists of public relations public of consists advertising image Russia, media. In Russian of part typical a are and order) = zakaz Russian advertising the (from “zakazuka” Image Arkhangelsk. journalist from experienced an Goubzova, Olga money. for fact,” that says denies one no And ethos.fessional material publish “Newspapers many of a exhibit their colleagues lack of pro that particular, complain in association, nalist - jour the of the representatives Regional press.” of corruption the press rather of but lack freedom, a not is problem acute most “the that claims even region in Sverdlovsk the association journalist the from Polyanin difficulty.Dmitri financial of times in zations organi criminal even businessmen, and politi cians, to services their sold have they that conversations, confirmed personal journalists In population. Russian the among greatly red suffe has Union, journalists of reputation the Soviet the of collapse the since years the In – ethics nal self-censorship professio from astray led and journalists Russian advertising Image lawyers. provide organizations cases, the difficult larly particu In freedom. press local of state the in correspondents on reports weekly in send that disposal regions many their at have They Russia. over all from cases document and Borders Reporters Without with closely work the which and Foundation, Defense Situation Glasnost Extreme in for Center Journalism the organizations Moscow the by played is role important an cases, such In had journalist coma. a in lay and beaten the been already after Khimki of suburb Moscow the in situation difficult the on ted stations, television state repor only including organizations, media Large shows. such Beketov however, Mikhail of case the late, as too come reports Oftentimes, protection. media of degree certain a manner, offer this and, regions in the in freedom press to limits on report occasionally media Transregional ties. authori local with relations good than tant - impor more as members of protection the regard who Yekaterinburg, chairmen and association are there Perm as such regions, 7 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions ling to stand by their principles. by their to stand ling Instead, many col wil journalists her few very are “There criticizes leagues. sharply Sochi, says. from list he without further problems,” - journa Kravchenko, Svetlana independent an little huge a encountering limits the test to possible is incomprehensible. “It this finds Averkiyev Igor activist rights civil Perm The mayor. the of criticism ral gene as taken be could this because – is city the dirty how or streets of condition the on reports publishing from back shrinks portal E1.ru, online Yekaterinburg the of in-chief Kireyev, editor- anxiety. Alexander phantom a merely is it whether or justified is fear this debate extent what of to as colleagues matter Russian among a is It party. concerned the of reaction the fear they because issues quite also critical from away keep is Journalists common. self-censorship of nomenon phe Journalism. The of Faculty corrupt. Arkhangelsk the from as Tretyakova Olga says the population,” among unpopular journalists very are “Journalists view Russians court. the sued newspaper,a before heard be to paper.yet has own case The her publishes who and Russia of Party Communist the for newspaper. a Yeremeyzeva, a in parliament the deputy local reading face Yeremeyzeva’s with pig a of illustration an featured sement paper.adverti the job by The paid reward a for exchange in politician the on may possess they information any provide to readers its all to appealed Shelkovchanka time, the the same At Yeremeyzeva.” Natalia deputy local of the into the investigation activities detailed and systematic a conduct to ready journalist of newspaper circulation distributed copies. for 50,000 professional was “a ad The a has and - oli garch the local a to belongs of paper Moscow. The vicinity the in in published Shelkovchanka, an in 2008 advertisement March in place took nomenon phe scale. this of example ugly especially nent. An moral oppo economic the or political a compromising on articles write to paid thereby lower are Journalists step ther articles.fur a represents genre zakazuka The news genuine are these that believe to public the for being intention the businessmen, or politicians for journalists by written material ------one euro. one for rubles 43 around to 34 from 2008 mer sum since fell euro the against ruble the of to do with the fact that the is course partially journalists, of low. quite salaries etc.are advertising, This for prices the of euro the equivalents that reader the to seem might It Remark: Russia. in journalism for independent function model safety and also personal in of terms roletheir their to respect with first – support double Such high profile therefore journalists require and who have yet to develop a ethos. professional orientation seeking still colleagues ger model,younrole for especially important an Vestieastern far in as Vladivostok.serves She newspaper Arsenyevskiye the of respondent as fearless, Savadskaya, Maria is cor political the just but known, well Less conflict. avoid not does yet and region turbulent politically a in Svobodni objectivity maintains newspaper who Altai, in Kurs the of publisher the known Russia, throughout Now instance, for is regions.Yuri Purgin, country’s the in lists journa and publishers committed are there Politkovskaya, journalist Anna Moscow dered journalism. mur dent the to nature in Similar indepen of image the characterize quently of leeway for profile journalists,high frewho degree certain a remains there Nonetheless, lets. out such few too sion. Yet,simply are there persecution, of represjudicial sorts or other calls, phone threatening from fear to nothing have disposal their at lawyers good and has lawsalso the obeys that outlet media dent - indepen politically and financially a in work who Those applies: following the however, Russia, of regions most In hall. city in studio its has which FM, Gorod broadcaster radio the Yekaterinburg of staff editorial the from heard be can you,” feeds that hand the bite course. “Youdictated don’t the from swerve journalists its have to afford cannot nessmen busi or politicians,state, the by “fed” Media says. citizens,” she fellow their of interests the articulate to than top on those with themselves prefer to ingratiate 8 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions an mny y upyn Ki ad other and Klin supplying by money earns that house publishing a founded have shers publi its but sustainable, financially itself, not in is, Nedelya Klinskaya Klin. The of city the in Nedelya Klinskaya the and Dubna of city the in newspaper Mira Ploshad the as such media, independent to home are cities Many landscape. media extensive an of creation the in resulted has region Moscow recent the in of years boom the advertising and media, economic state-fed the Notwithstanding administrations. city and district with contracts” “information called the so- through financing to additional obtains state loyal Media finance. to helps it that studios local and stations of network a posal dis its at has as government radio, regional the well, and television of terms In wages. technology, modern staff with paid it and ped regional 50 over house, a new in publishing equip newspapers integrated press the of ministry regional the 2005, in of reform media framework the Within region. the Moscow in positioned well are media state The attack. the from red recove not of has today even and coma a into city fell he that the beaten severely in so was Khimki, newspaper opposition an of editor-in-chief Beketov, the Mikhail 2008, December In region. Moscow the in nalists provide jour with conflicts on information organizations monthly monitoring by media reports Now, freedom. press in rested many for inte experts was media for incognito terra years Moscow around ring wide kilometer 150 geography. approximately The its of terms in capital the Russian the of under shadow only not is region Moscow The economic competition private for conditions good yet power, state media Strong Region: Moscow The ------ietr f h sae racse GTRK broadcaster state the former of the director Belyayev, Vadim says region,” Krasnodar the in left media independent no practically are positions. “There government with line in reporting its kept since administration has and regional the by bought NTK, was broadcaster, the private regional in largest media former great. The very the is region on Krasnodar influence Political exist. not did candidates tion opposi the if as reported region Krasnodar the in media the of all practically campaign, election the During candidate Kremlin. the by favored the Pakhomov, Anatoly by won was part, took Nemzov Boris politician tion mayoropposi in for the 2009, which April in election controversial situation. The political local the affects therefore it and significance national of project prestige a 2014. is in This the – thing Olympic city the in held be to one Games Winter just on centered has Sea, Black the on spa Russian well-known most Sochi,now,the in years some everything For and adaptation difficulties financial Between region: Krasnodar the in and Sochi in Media mayor’s the office. of organs information pure as serve media ced finan all. state at The media independent no Odinzova, and Khimki as are there practically Moscow, of such vicinity the in located cities in contrast, By another group. unofficially economic or or political or one for officially mouthpieces become have media the of all raging, currently is resources over gle of Serpukhov,city the strug where a political environment.In political tense a in neutrality its maintain to managed has newspaper the pages,but its in mayor find the of criticism harsh won’t Readers advertising. with sively exclu filled papers with districts neighboring 9 - - - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions h Pr rgo: rs freedom Press scratches with region: Perm The way. their in get who nalists jour combat to people business and officials government many by used instrument an are cases libel Situations, 1500 Extreme in Journalism around (then for euros).Center Moscow rubles the to According 50,000 fined and libel with charged subsequently was She house. his to access road convenient more a with neighbor a provide to graves cemetery of closed moving Svetlana the on since newspaper Sochi Delovoy the journalist in reported regional Kravchenko a The before themselves judge. find quickly can ver, howe stories, controversial on report Those region. that Krasnodar against the in committed journalists violence of cases no registered been have there years, recent In the by founded organization. rights human Memorial was which kaz-uzel.ru), newspaper Kavkazki Internet Uzel (www.kav the by region Caucasus north the of whole significant a the not to provided is is news player. it Independent 3000, only Chernomorskaya of lation the to circu newspaper,print Zdravnitsa a with home but is itself Sochi government. the of critical newspaper Moscow well-known of the edition a regional Krasnodarski the Kubani, Gazeta Novaya and the Kurier, as well as Kubane na Pravda are independent the Komsomolskayatabloids as described be still can that papers only The loyalty. political is pay concessions.to tax price and financial The advantages certain enjoy register the in listed media the of media. All the subordinate and regulate to instrument an as served has ter” regis “media so-called the years, For Sochi. - - - - - the area of television, there are no truly cri truly no are there television, of area the such as the Permskiye Novosti and Zvezda. In papers, weekly independent of number a are the of edition Kommersant. daily Moscow independent addition, In there regional the influential is most newspapers the of copies), one (2000 circulation small its Despite companies. large or administration local the of hands the in usually is there found.Media of Perm, though, to there be is variety far less capital regional the beyond cities small the In positions. their pagate pro haveto powerful the vehicles prime the being as journalists Perm the among reputation enjoy TV RIFEI and Vremya Mestnoye station, television RIFEI TV,euros. 280,000 why paid is was This largest the while vices,” ser “information its for administration trict Mestnoye newspaper,Vremya, received euros 106,000 from the dis regional largest the media certain example, For contracts. in information through influence their do exercise authorities however, association, nalist rest in the media. inte to According the jour local financial a of much has administration district nor city the Russian neither circumstances, for Unusual positions. communist socialist- to views liberal-conservative from spectrum the covering newspapers of variety wide a are Perm,least, there of at city the In years. recent in place taken not have very attacks targeted rarely, while occur journalists legal with or confrontations against Threats changed. mentally government subsidies. on To date, dependent has not the funda situation hardly revenues was and advertising was by it primarily as financed independence,” of for degree “high Center 2000 a enjoyed in Perm in media Moscow the that confirmed Situations Extreme the in by Journalism study A other percent. regions,16 achieved in representation parliamentary any Forces of Right (SPS),Union hardly has which opposition the vote,while the of percent 36 only The received Russia, parliament. United party, regional Kremlin the to elections last the during 2006 in liberal. confirmed was being This as Russia in reputation a has Urals, the of west located region, Perm The 10 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions cial backers. The elimination of elections for elections their of backers.elimination cial The and papers it the finan respective their to were tied reporting that examination clear closer became upon was – available media deceptive print of variety wide Sverdlovsk Chernetski. against employ could he The that rival, His media own his Rossel, had Eduard Governor fights. political Arkadi his supported of in cover Yekaterinburg, with him providing that capital regional the of mayor the Chernetski, media side stood one On politicians. two between tion many competi the For by characterized landscape. was it years, media the in factor is a also and struggle this determining tlefield, bat economic and political be to continues manufacturing.region arms The and industry heavy Russian of center region,Perm a the is to adjacent located region, Sverdlovsk The variety little SverdlovskThe media, region: Much via administration district contracts. information the from cing finan to turn to Kommersant as such media independent even however,crisis,forced has problems.”advertising huge current The ring encounte without further little a limits the Igor activist Averkiyev even says, rights “It is to possible test human The reputation. its as good recent as fact, is,in in situation years. media The journalists or media the on sure pres- of Perm in examples any been hardly have there authorities, state by information provide to refusal of cases few a from Apart pro gramming. daily own its of hours six produces it for of tion Echo and Moskvy its part schedule sta well-known the from programs includes which Perm, Echo station of radio the is “voice” Perm independent The stations. tical ------with the local press had lost their posts. their lost had press local the with conflicts had who mayors 2009, those March 1 so on elections regional is the after that strong position their association, the journalist to According Kachkankar. in Chetverg Kachkanarsky the and the Krasnoturinsk of city in newspaper the Krasnoturinsk the as Vecherni such in well, as found cities smaller be region’s can media Independent in decided journalists. of favor been have courts local in cases of majority vast regions. The other to rison journalists compa in strong relatively be to of seems here position media against the cases representative, there court be Although to Kanal. continue 4. from journalist a power,” says their feel again once officials “Government authorities. other or trators adminis city and regional by reporting their report,lists however, journa to influence of attempts Many region. Sverdlovsk the in lists journa against committed few violence of very cases been have there years, recent In published. be to paid and commissioned are Internet the low. on stories the of quite percent 80 some association, is however, by journalist the local to estimates According portals, these of publish.credibility to The afraid be would media other that businessmen and politicians region. corrupt about there stories Sverdlovsk find can Readers the in themselves shed establi also have media online strong Two MediaOne. media company holding Moscow the to belongs station The Russia. for unusual particularly is station sion televi independent truly a of existence The Kanal. 4. channel TV the and Yekaterinburg Moskvy Echo – channel media the radio dent indepen showpiece two boasts region The media. the in reflected also of – then since state existed has truce A struggle. power political the to end an brought 2004 September in governor 11 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions rtaoa ha o te oa Fcly of Faculty local the of head Tretyakova, an as control,” social of says“instrument Olga perspective.media Soviet the strong see They a from media the regards however,elite, still in recent years. journalists against The political violence of cases any been hardly have There distributed freely as such Avtogazeta. papers advertising from revenues with per newspa Class Alexey Business his finances publisher Lipnitski The newspaper. weekly regional the finance to him enabling thereby Russia, of whole the throughout markets he also Vecherni which Magazine, Severodvinsk, Interest Common and publishes Vecherni the of Class Byelousov, publisher Vyatcheslav Business Severodvinsk. – pers newspa independent large two exist There from reports Arkhangelsk. cally sporadi only then since and bureau pondent corres local a its closed Kanal 5. by broadcaster bought were Moscow media holding. television The national newspapers pendent inde two and house publishing single a into integrated been have media quite state region The hard. weak economically otherwise this in media the hit has crisis economic The financed. state are the part most for which gazety), (rayonniye “rayonki” district from information their receive areas other region’s the of inhabitants the whereas landscape, media lively a enjoy Severodvinsk and Arkhangelsk of cities large two the Only landscape. media also the for arefactors determining These regions. weakest nomically eco and populous least country’s the of one The region in Russia’s is Arkhangelsk far north path bumpy a on dom free Press region: Arkhangelsk The ------ao Io Pskro, o isac, s the is instance, for Pushkaryov, Igor politicians. Mayor leading to belong simply they or institutions state with contracts information through controlled are they structures. Either state or business region’s the with intricately entwined is media the of part large A lism. ver, devote to investigative themselves journa Very in fewRussia’s journalists Far East, howe newspapers. provincial own havetheir cities smaller Even region. East Far the in published exclusively are that here sale on newspapers weekly and daily dozen two than media. of more are variety There rich a stock to seem kiosks newspaper glance, city first At import higher duties. of imposition the late with since 2008 halt the a to of come engine has which economic region, an been has Korea. and This Japan from cars used of import the through indirectly or earned directly living residents their Vladivostok China. of and third Japan One of countries neighboring the with links economic and of close has population Primorye The rail. Moscow by apart reason. kilometers good Vladivostok, the region’s capital, are over 9000 for “Far Russia’s East” called is region Primorye The a on leash Media tight region: Primorye The businessmen. by rather but politicians, by initiated not are libel for nalists jour against cases court Most though. in court, charges press rarely They report. critical a after consequences with them threaten journalists and up phone frequently Authorities conferences. press to access allowed not are or information denied simply methods. are “soft” Journalists with press the of freedom Journalism, critically. the limit authorities Local 12 - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions rized by agriculture. by rized natural no characte instead has is industry. It or resources and weak economically is Kazakhstan.region on of The bordering Siberia south the in located is region Altai The media the political establishment splits The struggle region: power Altai The ment. imprison years three to 1999 in sentenced being his navy. in the resulted by This waste nuclear of disposal illegal the and materials vered in cases in nuclear of trade Vladivostok Pasko, Grigori expert military the unco who against that is case famous most nalists. The jour against attacks violent as well as court cases numerous witnessed Primorye past, the In persecution. of fear the is report to journalists of reticence the for reason One that “newspaper the as freedoms.” and rights citizens’ defends itself which to Vesti, Arsenyevskie refers weekly the as such newspapers in found be can landscape media “toothless” largely this to Exceptions December of duties. of import imposition the against 2008 protests suppressed lently border, Chinese on the trade gal vio the and the – and close links between politics,business ille reporting of focus the be could that topics “hot” of range whole a is Yet, there budget. administration regional and city the by financed advertising from come revenues its of percent 50 than more medium,yet news online much-used a is reporting.Primamedia news local some of part, addition the fromdirectly with Moscow most the comes, for programming television gest daily paper in the region. Local radio and lar of the Vladivostok, shareholder majority ------was never apprehended. never was assailant concussion.The a with hospital in time long a for lay unconscious.He Savinkov bat, a baseball overwith him head the leaving in center.the city hit assailant An unidentified daylight broad in attacked violently nor,was news Internet agency,gover the - of critical often was which Bankfax the of tor-in-chief 2008, January 31 On Savinkov, Valery edi the press and government conferences meetings. attending from them bar frequently officials state dislikes, it journalists for difficult work make to order In problems. usual the with struggle must it although authorities, state with problems serious any encountered not has journalism,Altapress critical its Despite 23,000 station. radio 22,information an Radio rates of circulation print ope copies.house addition, In publishing the a Svobodni with newspaper Kurs kiosks. and weekly newspaper independent high-quality the of publishes network Altapress a company, and printing own its portal, Internet has its house own station,radio publishing an magazines. and The newspapers 13 Altapress, publishes of director general success. Purgin, its Yury for house Russia throughout publishing known private a Altapress, the time,At same the the to region is home Altai state. the by financed largely is which of source newspaper, most city or district the local is information the only as often areas and important rural in level district There is hardly any diversity of opinion at the area. rural predominantly this in role The minor neutrality. its a plays information for medium a as Internet maintain to attempts the regional of studio state television Russian Only Bannykh. and Karlin between divided are likewise side. television one and to Radio indepen reporting. as left usually are neutrality, balance and dence, such negative standards with Professional opponent cal politi their damage to or positions political their for support up drum to empire media their used have sides Bannykh. Both Anatoly oligarch regional the and Karlin Alexander Governor between struggle power a by ked For years, the media has landscape been mar 13 - - - - - Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions initiated by the British BBC in 1999, has pro 1999, has in BBC British the by initiated (FNR), Broadcasting Radio Independent for Foundation radio. The in exists media of print sphere the in that to structure similar A political the process. in passive largely are sort this of hand, papers other media, yet, the dent on indepen economically strong, the establishment for Russian allows this large hand, one four the On in cities. plan its realized has model. Sloboda To the date,the WAZGroup to according cities Russian other 20 in newspa pers establish of to intended percent and 75 Sloboda purchased it that reported Group Media WAZthe 2007, late Tula.in In newspaper Sloboda the by promoted model the of spread the press,to reference the a of the program, even of a speaks “Slobodisation” business.Eismond,of their Maria director ger endan to not order of in topics charged tically cause a is awaypoli shyfrom publishers concern. Most newspapers some of ment develop however, the content, of terms In print for step media. important an the was of assistance program the the with 2004 in of Press (ANRI) Regional Independent formation of Association The newspapers. nal also presents annual awards to the best regio consultation,and and training offers Russia. It the throughout of whole regional newspapers independent networked USAID, has nization is by financed the government American orga the Russian of Program the Foundation. Eurasia New program, The which Media by Print made Independent been information has an respect as this in contribution position important An resource. solid a tain main to able been has Internet signifi the of cance increasing the despite which media, print the for case in the especially media is regions. This for models viable nomically eco of development the is sign positive One for as well as hope concern. for grounds vides pro regions Russian Reporters the in media the of tion situa by current the shows, presented Borders Without report the As Concluding remarks and recom and remarks Concluding mendations ------in. h ognzto Brns Press in colleagues their with Russia’snorth Barents in lists journa independent networks organization International The sions. discus background for representatives busi ness or politicians important with meet to opportunity regular a with journalists vided Friedrich the in Foundation Naumann by Yekaterinburg. It pro organized was time, long Journalists, which,a Liberal for of Club the as such support, of deserving level regional the addition, at In initiatives have there local been constraints. cial finan to due – telephone via or Internet the over – virtually only held are seminars these Moscow.Recently, in however, journalists for seminars training topic-related organized has Khodorkovsky Mikhail through his Open Russia Foundation. from The club support cial Regional of finan receive to Club used also which the Journalists, in united are media the of branches all from journalists Regional Russia. of whole the throughout lawyers media and designers, web managers, media producers, journalists, 15,000 over trained organization the tence, radio. and television exis of EMF, years the 15 to its of According in area the in active the particularly was at EMF The arrested Airport. Moscow was director Aslamazyan its Manana after 2007 April in closed was regions. the in mark office positive Russian Its a Khodorkovsky, left Mikhail also oligarch has imprisoned now the by part in financed which was EMF), – Foundation Media Educated the as known (later program Internews The Oscars.”Russian “radio the as regarded are news features, reporting,and all- as the such categories in at festival closing awarded Russian prizes The Russia. festivals of radio of districts federal the of series all in (radiofestival.ru) a is project tant impor most Podstantsiya broadcast. The to refuse tions sta radio formatted strictly often their with that reports publish can journalists radio which in together forum Internet an (www.podst.ru), up set has and, competitions, and sessions training organizes society. civil of benefit aim, this FNR With the the for reporting and journalism radio sional profes balanced, promote to is goal Its ters. broadcas radio regional for network a vided 14 ------Russia Heroes and Henchmen. The Work of Journalists and the Media in the Russian Regions oriain n esrs o upr and into media, taking support and while journalists assist to measures in coordination good is important most is convinced. What says, she horizon,” the organiza expands “This tions. Russian by hosted forums seminars at and speakers as journalists regional renowned and experts foreign inviting port tions,”saysEismond. does, She however, sup all, condi have they all similar work to under “After Russia. within exchanges net and better works promote to sensible more far as it sees Program Media Print Independent Russian from the contrast, By Eismond Maria financing. sible way to from greater independence state acces an offer could they media, as regional foreign by used concepts business the in ted foreign with media outlets. They wereinteres contact particularly through experience gain to desire the and expressed Without editors-in-chief publishers of Reporters number a even with Borders, discussions In countries. English-speaking to nalists jour send to sense most the make to seems actively to outlet. enough media it a why at is abroad This work well language a speak foreign them of Few skills. language cient insuffi of problem the suffer journalists nal past.” the addition,in In did regio they many as home, work just get they to continue they “once there, conditions working describing when enthusiasm of full the are West in hip although trainees that a complete to sent journalist many resignation some with ned explai Journalist Association, Sverdlovsk the of Chairman work. Polyanin, Dmitiri Even their helpful. less being to as abroad visits such valuable see foreign Others being with as media traineeships journalist and programs exchange praise associations nalist jour of representatives and publishers Many limits. modest with within assistance members legal and training additional its provides which Kuban, the in the founded Voicejournalists of independent case the of association the was where region, Krasnodar Such state. the to allied closely too is association regional cial offi the where regions in associations nalist - jour alternative of formation the by offered also is perspective rewarding Scandinavia. A ------adcp wl b dcdd n h wide the Moscow,capital. country’s in the in merely not and country decided the of expanses be will landscape media Russian the of other. future each The with networking improved as well coun as tries, other in journalism regional on and models financing greater alternative on need information They experience. and views of exchange intensive more a as well as ties, activi journalistic their fulfilling in ragement have shown, many require colleagues more encou investigations our As candidates. ting selec when journalists regional Russian der consi to efforts stronger make should jects Glasnost pro media and programs, the scholarship tions, founda that feel and We Foundation. Defense in Situations Journalism for Extreme Center the – Russian partners our and correspondents Moscow our of help the cities,with small of level the to of down even network, good responsibility a maintaining the entails this Borders, such For as Reporters organizations Without capital. Russian extent the in colleagues greater their than far a to solidarity and port sup our require threatened physically are even who or authorities, the from pressure research, political under themselves find who their doing from prevented are who vinces pro Russian the abroad. fromin journalists Those even scrutiny, efforts increased journalistic under come their of strengths and weaknesses more the that fact thereby the on dependent are They regions. the Russian in journalists and media for conditions difficult the of awareness sharpen to wanted Borders Without Russian Reporters as the we rences, of vastness diffe regional enormous the the and Federation of light In regions. various the in situations different very the consideration 15 ------