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Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
Baltic Sea Icebreaking Report 2015-2016
BALTIC ICEBREAKING MANAGEMENT Baltic Sea Icebreaking Report 2015-2016 1 Table of contents 1. Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Overview of the icebreaking season (2015-2016) and its effect on the maritime transport system in the Baltic Sea region ........................................................................................................................................ 5 4. Accidents and incidents in sea ice ......................................................................................................... 12 5. Winter Navigation Research .................................................................................................................. 12 6. Costs of Icebreaking services in the Baltic Sea ...................................................................................... 12 6.1 Finland ................................................................................................................................................. 12 6.2 Sweden ................................................................................................................................................ 12 6.3 Russia .................................................................................................................................................. -
Baltic Sea Icebreaking Report 2012-2013
BALTIC ICEBREAKING MANAGEMENT Baltic Sea Icebreaking Report 2012-2013 1 Table of contents 1. Foreword ................................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 3. Overview of the icebreaking season (2012-2013) and its effect on the maritime transport system in the Baltic Sea region ........................................................................................................................................ 5 4. Costs of Icebreaking services in the Baltic Sea ...................................................................................... 12 4.1 Finland ................................................................................................................................................. 12 4.2 Sweden ................................................................................................................................................ 12 4.4. Estonia ................................................................................................................................................ 13 4.5 Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Germany ............................................................................................... 13 4.6 Denmark ............................................................................................................................................. -
1972 Implementation, Testing, Inspection and Approval Note By
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 ALBERT EMBANKMENT LONDON SE1 7SR E Telephone: 020-7735 7611 Fax: 020-7587 3210 Telex: 23588 IMOLDN G IMO Ref. T3/1.01 CSC/Circ.119 13 December 2000 Original: ENGLISH INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR SAFE CONTAINERS (CSC), 1972 Implementation, testing, inspection and approval Note by the Secretariat 1 The Secretary-General has received, in accordance with article IV(2) of the International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC), 1972, the information set out in the attached annex*. 2 This circular replaces the information provided in CSC/Circ.115, which is hereby revoked. 3 CSC Contracting Parties, which have not yet done so, are invited to submit similar information. 4 To keep the list as up to date as possible, Contracting Parties, which have previously submitted relevant information, are invited to review the list and notify the Secretary-General of any changes required. *** *Annex English only. I:\CIRC\CSC\119.doc CSC/Circ.119 ANNEX ORGANIZATIONS ENTRUSTED TO TEST, INSPECT AND APPROVE CONTAINERS ARGENTINA Implementation Prefectura Naval Argentina Direccion de Policia de Seguridad de la Navigacion Av. E. Madero 235 1106 Buenos Aires República Argentina Telephone: + 54 1 34 1812 Telefax: + 54 1 331 2876 Telex: 18581 PREFEC AR AUSTRALIA Implementation Chief Executive Australian Maritime Safety Authority P.O. Box 1108 Belconnen ACT 2616 Australia Telephone + 61 6 279 5000 Telefax: + 61 6 279 5866 Testing, inspection and approval American Bureau of Shipping Bureau Veritas Det norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyd Lloyd's Register of Shipping Nippon Kaiji Kentei Kyokai and Nippon Kaiji Kyokai I:\CIRC\CSC\119.doc CSC/Circ.119 ANNEX Page 2 BAHAMAS Testing, inspection and approval American Bureau of Shipping Forty-five Broad Street New York, NY 10004 United States of America Germanischer Lloyd P.O. -
Public the Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Finnish Waters Deliverable No. D WP6 5 01 Date
Title Efficient, Safe and Sustainable Traffic at Sea Acronym EfficienSea Document Access: Public The Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Finnish Waters Part A: The Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Open Water Part B: The Risk Reducing Effect of VTS in Winter Navigation Deliverable No. D_WP6_5_01 Date: 21.10.2011 Contract No. 013 efficiensea.org Part-financed by the European Union Public DOCUMENT STATUS Authors Name Organisation Kati Westerlund Finnish Transport Agency Reviewing/Approval of report Name Organisation Signature Date Tommi Arola FTA Tuomas Martikainen FTA Document History Revision Date Organisatio Initials Revised Short description of n pages changes 1 19.11.2010 FTA First draft of Part A 2 30.11.2010 FTA Part A: Corrections, diagrams, additional text 3 31.03.2011 FTA Appendix 4 Part A: Additional statistics and text 4 06.04.2011 FTA First draft of Part B 5 05.07.2011 FTA Front page Combined two reports 6 21.10.2011 FTA Combined common parts of Part A and Part B. Combined the text ‘Background’ from both reports to the one single. efficiensea.org Part-financed by the European Union Public Abbreviations/Definitions AIS Automatic Identification System COLREG Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea CPA Closest Point of Approach DW Deep Water (Route) DWT Dead Weight Tonnes GOFREP The Mandatory Ship Reporting System in the Gulf of Finland OOW Officer of the Watch SRS Ship Reporting System TSS Traffic Separation Scheme TSZ Traffic Separation Zone VTS Vessel Traffic Service VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT; Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuslaitos until 1st December 2010) efficiensea.org Part-financed by the European Union Public TableofContents Abbreviations/Definitions ....................................................................................... -
Safety Considerations and Approval Procedures for the Integration of Fuel Cells on Board of Ships
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS AND APPROVAL PROCEDURES FOR THE INTEGRATION OF FUEL CELLS ON BOARD OF SHIPS Vogler, F.1 and Dr. Würsig, G.2 1 Risk Assessment & Mechanical Engineering, Germanischer Lloyd AG, Vorsetzen 35, Hamburg, 20459, Germany, [email protected] 2 Risk Assessment & Mechanical Engineering, Germanischer Lloyd AG, Vorsetzen 35, Hamburg, 20459, Germany, [email protected] ABSTRACT The shipping industry is becoming increasingly visible on the global environmental agenda. Shipping's share of emissions to air is regarded to be significant and public concern lead to ongoing political pressure to reduce shipping emissions. International legislation at the IMO governing the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions from shipping is being enforced, and both the European Union and the USA are planning to introduce additional regional laws to reduce emissions. Therefore new approaches for more environmental friendly and energy efficient energy converter are under discussion. One possible solution will be the use of fuel cell systems for auxiliary power or main propulsion. The presentation summarizes the legal background in international shipping related to the use for gas as ship fuel and fuel cells. The focus of the presentation will be on the safety principles for the use of gas as fuel and fuel cells on board of ships and boats. The examples given show the successful integration of such systems on board of ships. Furthermore a short outlook will be given to the ongoing and planed projects for the use of fuel cells on board of ships. 1.0 EMISSIONS IN SHIPPING 1.1 Emission in Shipping Global warming, acidification and degradation of air quality are environmental impact categories high on the international agenda. -
Structural Challenges Faced by Arctic Ships
NTIS # PB2011- SSC-461 STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES FACED BY ARCTIC SHIPS This document has been approved For public release and sale; its Distribution is unlimited SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE 2011 Ship Structure Committee RADM P.F. Zukunft RDML Thomas Eccles U. S. Coast Guard Assistant Commandant, Chief Engineer and Deputy Commander Assistant Commandant for Marine Safety, Security For Naval Systems Engineering (SEA05) and Stewardship Co-Chair, Ship Structure Committee Co-Chair, Ship Structure Committee Mr. H. Paul Cojeen Dr. Roger Basu Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Senior Vice President American Bureau of Shipping Mr. Christopher McMahon Mr. Victor Santos Pedro Director, Office of Ship Construction Director Design, Equipment and Boating Safety, Maritime Administration Marine Safety, Transport Canada Mr. Kevin Baetsen Dr. Neil Pegg Director of Engineering Group Leader - Structural Mechanics Military Sealift Command Defence Research & Development Canada - Atlantic Mr. Jeffrey Lantz, Mr. Edward Godfrey Commercial Regulations and Standards for the Director, Structural Integrity and Performance Division Assistant Commandant for Marine Safety, Security and Stewardship Dr. John Pazik Mr. Jeffery Orner Director, Ship Systems and Engineering Research Deputy Assistant Commandant for Engineering and Division Logistics SHIP STRUCTURE SUB-COMMITTEE AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING (ABS) DEFENCE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CANADA ATLANTIC Mr. Craig Bone Dr. David Stredulinsky Mr. Phil Rynn Mr. John Porter Mr. Tom Ingram MARITIME ADMINISTRATION (MARAD) MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND (MSC) Mr. Chao Lin Mr. Michael W. Touma Mr. Richard Sonnenschein Mr. Jitesh Kerai NAVY/ONR / NAVSEA/ NSWCCD TRANSPORT CANADA Mr. David Qualley / Dr. Paul Hess Natasa Kozarski Mr. Erik Rasmussen / Dr. Roshdy Barsoum Luc Tremblay Mr. Nat Nappi, Jr. Mr. -
Modern Day Pioneering and Its Safety in the Floating Ice Offshore
Modern Day Pioneering and its Safety in the Floating Ice Offshore Arno J. Keinonen AKAC INC. Victoria, B.C. Canada [email protected] Evan H. Martin AKAC INC. Victoria, B.C. Canada [email protected] ABSTRACT al. (2006a), Keinonen et al. (2006b), Keinonen et al. (2000), Pilkington et al. (2006a), Pilkington et al. (2006b), Reed (2006), Tambovsky et al. Floating ice offshore pioneering has been performed since the mid (2006), Wright (1999), and Wright (2000). 1970s. This paper presents the key lessons learned from 5 such operations of wide geographic as well as operational range. The intent FLOATING STATIONARY OPERATIONS IN PACK ICE is to present the safety related lessons from these operations for the OFFSHORE benefit of the future safety of similar operations. Beaufort Sea Drillships KEY WORDS: ice offshore operations; station keeping in ice; ice management; safety in ice. When four open water drillships, upgraded to an ice class and winterized, entered the Beaufort Sea mid seventies, together with INTRODUCTION several ice class supply vessels, the operators had an expectation of having an open water season of a few months each year to be able to Several early pioneers going to the Arctic went all out, all thinking that explore for oil and gas (Keinonen and Martin, 2010). The operation they were well prepared, yet some were clearly not prepared for what itself was expected to be a seasonal summer operation only and not to could happen. Some became heroes while others left their names on interact with ice. pages of history books for not completing their missions, at times paying the ultimate price, losing their lives, equipment and leaving The first pioneering lesson was that the so-called summer season had behind a low level, local pollution to the environment. -
Coatings and Cold Hard Truths | International Paint
Ice Class Vessels Coatings and cold hard truths The sophisticated ships destined to recover hard to reach resources under ice-covered polar seas have required new thinking on design and construction. No matter how profound that thinking has been, however, owner preference for the protective coating Intershield® 163 Inerta 160 has remained a constant. Despite the challenges posed the Arctic Circle promises to yield around 22% of the world’s oil and gas still known to be available. hile the wider harshest of environments. natural gas liquids. newbuilding market Despite the challenges posed by their More than a fifth of Russian territory for ships may only now recovery, the Arctic Circle promises to lies north of the polar circle. The W be showing any signs of yield around 22% of the world’s oil and nation’s Arctic and sub-Arctic regions recovery, few can doubt that sustained gas still known to be available, in the account for 90% of its gas reserves and high oil and gas prices dictate the shape of up to an estimated 90 billion over 20% of its crude oil. Accordingly, future need for increasing numbers barrels of oil, 1,670 trillion cubic feet Russian gas giant Gazprom, for of vessels capable of operating in the of natural gas, and 44 billion barrels of example, has gone on record as saying 1 Ice Class Vessels that field development offshore Russia to 2020 alone will drive orders for over 10 production platforms, over 50 ice class tankers and other specialised ships, and at least 23 liquefied natural gas carriers. -
Role of Classification Society in Arctic Shipping
ROLE OF CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY IN ARCTIC SHIPPING Seppo Liukkonen, Station Manager, DNVGL Station Helsinki Abstract The core mission of a classification society is “to protect human lives, property and the environment”. In first place the classification societies are fulfilling this function in marine environment, because the classification business in its current form started within sea transportation and shipping. Since then the function of the classification societies has widened to comprise shipbuilding, different kinds of off- shore activities and also some on-shore activities. When fulfilling their function the classification societies are using their own classification rules as their main, own tool. Additionally, the classification societies are often fulfilling their above-mentioned function by working together with and on behalf of the flag state administrations. Here the so-called IMO instruments such as the SOLAS and MARPOL conventions, for instance, are the main basis of the work. Also, international standards, such as the EN-ISO and IEC standards, for instance, and other national and international regulations, such as the Finnish-Swedish Ice Class Rules and Canadian Arctic Pollution Prevention Regulations, for instance, are used by the classification societies. Basically, the work of the classification societies is to ensure that the object in question, e.g., a ship, an off-shore structure, a quality management system, etc., is in compliance with the above-mentioned relevant rules and regulations. In practice this can be done, e.g., with plan approvals, supervision of manufacturing, surveys, inspections and audits. This presentation gives an overview about the role of the classification societies in ensuring and developing the safe Arctic shipping. -
International Association of Classification Societies
International Association of Classifi cation Societies Roy Nersesian and Subrina Mahmood I. Introduction Th e International Association of Classifi cation Societies (IACS), headquar- tered in London, is made up of ten classifi cation societies: Lloyds Register (LR), American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Bureau Veritas (BV), China Clas- sifi cation Society (CCS), Det Norske Veritas (DNV), Germanischer Lloyd (GL), Korean Register (KR), Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK), Registro Italiano Navale (RINA), and the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS), as well as the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) as an associate member. According to the Maritime International Secretariet Services (www.marisec.org), there are 47,700 vessels in the world trading fl eet made up principally of general cargo vessels, bulk carriers, container ships, tankers, and passenger vessels. If vessels smaller than 100 gross tons are included (too small to venture on the high seas or participate in international trade), the world fl eet numbers close to 100,000. Most of the world’s trading vessels – nearly 41,000 in 2008 – are registered with classifi cation society members of the IACS. Th e remaining vessels are covered by non-IASC member classifi cation societies. Classifi cation societies develop and implement technical standards for ships and fl oating off shore oil production and storage facilities. Th ese societies set rules to ensure the structural strength and integrity of the ship’s hull and its internal structure, cargo holds, bridge superstructure as well as the functional aspects and reliability of propulsion, steering systems, power generation, cargo handling, ship control, communication, navigation, emer- gency and other auxiliary systems. -
Final Report European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) Study on Standards and Rules for Bunkering of Gas-Fuelled Ships
Final report European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) Study on Standards and Rules for Bunkering of Gas-Fuelled Ships Final report European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) - Study on Standards and Rules for bunkering of gas-fuelled Ships Report No. 2012.005 Version 1.1/2013-02-15 Disclaimer The content of the report represents the views of Germanischer Lloyd only and should not be taken as indicative of the official view of the European Maritime Safety Agency, or of any other EU institution or Member State. Report No. CL-T-SM 2012.005 Date 2013-02-15 Contents 1 Executive Summary 7 2 Introduction 9 2.1 Objective 9 2.2 Methodological Approach 9 2.3 Limitations to the Study 10 3 Classification of the Bunkering Process 11 3.1 Overview of possible LNG Bunkering Operations 11 3.2 Elements of the LNG Supply for the LNG bunker operations identified 14 3.3 Categorisation of the relevant rule framework of possible LNG supply chains 16 4 Relevant Standardisation Bodies 18 4.1 International Bodies 18 4.1.1 International Maritime Organisation (IMO) 18 4.1.2 International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 19 4.1.3 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 21 4.1.4 Society of International Gas Tanker & Terminal Operators (SIGTTO) 21 4.1.5 Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) 22 4.1.6 Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF) 22 4.2 European bodies 23 4.2.1 European Commission (EC) 23 4.2.2 European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) 24 4.2.3 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) 26 4.2.4