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Challenge of Fastech 360 Aiming for Additional Evolution of the Shinkansen

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Challenge of Fastech 360 Aiming for Additional Evolution of the Shinkansen SSpecialpecial featurefeature articlearticle Challenge of Fastech 360 Aiming for Additional Evolution of the Shinkansen Takashi Endo Director General, Technology Planning Dept. and Research & Development Center East Japan Railway Company maximum possible in commuting to the capital region. Further 1 Introduction extension of railroad tracks is planned and competition with airlines JR East’s Shinkansen network comprises of a total of five directions will heat up even further. A further increase in speed, which in turn starting from Tokyo, providing approximately 1,300km of high provides reduction in time required to reach destination is required speed rail infrastructure. The network is comprised of three railways, to achieve competitive superiority. In addition, improved safety, Tohoku, Joetsu, and Nagano Shinkansen, and also includes direct compatibility with the environment, and increased comfort are also service between conventional and Shinkansen tracks for Akita and sought after. Yamagata/Shinjo. As a result, a large number of the major cities in Therefore JR East is proceeding with a research and development the east Japan area are connected by Shinkansen service. project targeting the establishment of high-speed technology The Shinkansen yearly traffic volume for JR East was 12.1 billion enabling operation at a maximum speed of 360 km/h. passenger-kilometers in 1987. In 2003 the number of passenger- Targeting additional increase in 2 speed kilometers increased to 18.7 billion, a 55% increase. Furthermore, the Shinkansen earnings increased by 49%, from 311.8 billion yen to From the correlation of data collected worldwide regarding the 466.0 billion yen, and making the Shinkansen an important part of amount of time required for high speed railways compared with the the foundation of the railroad business, establishing superiority for market share for railways (compared to airlines), it is clear that high speed travel. reduction of amount of time required is a clear factor in achieving JR East has developed new Shinkansen train cars to accommodate high market share. For example, in France, when the TGV high- the five direction Shinkansen network. Examples of the new train speed operation from Paris to Marseille was achieved shortening the cars are the E2 series,the E3 series designed for direct service between amount of time required from just over 4 hours to 3 hours, the conventional and Shinkansen tracks, and E4 series which use double- railroad market share jumped to approximately 60% (from its decker cars for all cars to increase the number of seats to the previous level of just under 40%). The Tohoku Shinkansen line is being extended to Shin-Aomori and the Hokuriku Shinkansen line is being extended to Toyama. In Rail length (2005) Hokkaido extension Shin-Hakodate 1052.9 km + mini-Shinkansen 275.9 km addition, extensions to Hakodate in Hokkaido and Kanazawa in the Akita Shinkansen (mini-Shinkansen) Shin-Aomori Hokuriku region have been decided and work on them has been Yamagata Shinkansen (mini-Shinkansen) Hachinohe Shin-Aomori extension started. When the Shinkansen extension to Shin-Aomori is complete, Akita the distance between Tokyo and Shin-Aomori will be approximately Joetsu Shinkansen Morioka Shinjo 670 km. Currently, the railroads hold roughly 67% market share Kanazawa extension Yamagata Sendai (Hokuriku Shinkansen) (FY2004) of travel between Tokyo and Aomori compared to airlines Niigata (both Aomori and Misawa airports) and in order to further increase Joetsu Fukushima To Kanazawa Takasaki Nagano railroad market share, an additional reduction in the amount of time Tohoku Shinkansen Omiya required is needed. Ueno Nagano Shinkansen Tokyo Of course, train car performance, the condition of various facilities, safety, environmental compatibility and cost-effectiveness must be investigated to select the level of maximum operating speed to push Fig.1: East Japan Shinkansen Network for. Furthermore, the amount of time required is also affected by 02 JR EAST Technical Review-No.8 Special feature article conditions such as speed on curves, deceleration and acceleration Fiscal Year speed, and stations stopped at. It follows that both business and Establishment of increase in speed promotion project technical standpoints must be considered for making a final decision. (02.04) Verification using simulation and modeling etc. Drive test using However, establishing of high-speed technology for Shinkansen at high speed test train cars Verification using 2005.6～ Component technology bench tests etc. 360 km/h level is not feasible overnight. In addition, implementation development Verification through temporary Enhancement to installation on currently next generation of research and development with clear goals is important for existing train cars Shinkansen The following at actual speed Bullet Train cars and actual load and ground prioritizing future Shinkansen business strategies as well as providing High speed testing Acquisition of ・Development based equipment (currently existing train cars) base data Newly built high speed test train cars ・Adjustment various selections. (Train cars specific to ・Verification Shinkansen tracks) ・Confirmation of reliability Investigation of the overall (New Shinkansen train etc. Furthermore, technology enabling high speed is advanced through train car system configuration cars for existing railroads) Design and installation of implementation of innovations in all fields such as train cars, tracks, ground based equipment Results achieved to date electrical power, signal communication, civil engineering structures, (such as STAR 21) operations and maintenance, and balancing the system configuration. Fig.2: Shinkansen speed increase project promotion process Therefore, the continuous engagement in technical development to enable higher speed includes Shinkansen safety and compatibility that need to be met for implementation of a new goal were extracted with the environment, both of which are necessary for future from all areas, and development of component technology was evolution to a higher level. pushed forward. Component development started with computer Concept for the next generation analysis and simulation, and performance and durability testing were 3 Shinkansen repeated for device and part level testing, as well as at the prototype In order for the Shinkansen to gain popularity and have superior biggie and prototype structure. Furthermore, in order to obtain high competitiveness as a high-speed transportation there are several speed running data for current train cars and equipment to necessary conditions that must be considered. contribute to component development, 320 km/h to 360 km/h high- First is the assurance of safety and reliability. These are fundamental speed tests were performed using E2 series and E3 series train cars on conditions required for high-speed railroads. Furthermore, the Joetsu and Tohoku Shinkansen tracks. consideration must be given for unexpected events, such as the In addition, the achievements obtained through component Niigata-chuetsu earthquake, and it is essential that countermeasures technology development were collected for the train car system, and are set in place to allow the realization of ultimate safety. the Shinkansen high-speed test train car “Fastech360” was Second is the pursuing of reducing of time required for traveling to completed. In order to perform overall evaluation and verification of cities long distances away through implementation of high speed the running stability, effect on ground facilities and environment, traveling with improved stability. This is the basis for competitive and comfort in train cars, drive tests started on the Tohoku power for transportation. Shinkansen tracks on June 25, 2005. Sections where high speed Third is harmony with the environment. It is essential that noise and testing is being performed are shown in Figure 3. vibration generated through running be suppressed below permissible Daiichi-Arikabe T Improvement to overhead line equipment Daini-Arikabe T levels. From a certain perspective it can be considered that Sendai Improvement to noise barriers countermeasures for these issues hold the keys to future increases in Repairs to train stations speed. Train car base equipment Furukawa Kurikomakogen Fourth is the improvement in comfort. Superior quietness and Morioka comfort inside cars even while running at high speeds are Spiral array microphone Improvement to overhead Ichinoseki T wiring equipment Temporary stop signs Shin-Hanamaki fundamental requirements for vehicles, and reaching a destination in Kitakami Mizusawaesashi a relaxed manner is a point where railroads are superior to both Ichinoseki Repairs to train stations airlines and automobiles. Ichinoseki Mizusawaesashi Kitakami Kurikomakogen Furukawa Shinkansen General Outline of development for Sendai Vehicle Center 4 increasing Shinkansen speed JR East is targeting implementation of increased speed for the Fig.3: High speed running test sections (Sendai - Kitakami) Shinkansen and has established the "Shinkansen High-Speed project". The development of increased speed technology is primarily Technologies of the Shinkansen high speed 5 operation test train car Fastech 360S being promoted at Research and Development Center of the JR East group. Figure 2 shows the “Shinkansen speed increase project 5.1 Formation summary promotion process”. The Shinkansen high-speed test train car Fastech 360S (type E954) At the outset, the knowledge accumulated
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