49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–10 Edition) § 171.8

§ 171.8 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–10 Edition)

Source and name of material 49 CFR reference

Society of Plastics Industries, Inc., Organic Peroxide Producers Safety Division, 1275 K Street, NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005 Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature Test, 1972 ...... 173.21 Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association, 1020 Princess Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, telephone (703) 549–3010, http://www.ttmanet.org: TTMA RP No. 96–01, TTMA RP No. 96–01, Structural Integrity of DOT 406, DOT 407, and DOT 412 Cy- 178.345–3 lindrical Cargo Tanks, January 2001 Edition.

[Amdt. 171–111, 55 FR 52466, Dec. 21, 1990; 71 FR 78611, Dec. 29, 2006; 75 FR 69, Jan. 4, 2010]

EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER citations affecting § 171.7, see the List of CFR Sec- tions Affected which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access.

EDITORIAL NOTE: At 68 FR 19273, Apr. 18, 2003, § 171.7(a)(3) was amended by removing the entry for ‘‘TTMA TB No. 81’’ under ‘‘Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association’’. The amendment could not be incorporated because that entry does not exist.

§ 171.8 Definitions and abbreviations. Asphyxiant gas means a gas which di- In this subchapter, lutes or replaces oxygen normally in the atmosphere. Administrator means the Adminis- trator, Pipeline and Hazardous Mate- Associate Administrator means the As- rials Safety Administration. sociate Administrator for Hazardous Aerosol means any non-refillable re- Materials Safety, Pipeline and Haz- ceptacle containing a gas compressed, ardous Materials Safety Administra- liquefied or dissolved under pressure, tion. the sole purpose of which is to expel a Atmospheric gases means air, nitro- nonpoisonous (other than a Division 6.1 gen, oxygen, argon, krypton, neon and Packing Group III material) liquid, xenon. paste, or powder and fitted with a self- Authorized Inspection Agency means: closing release device allowing the con- (1) A jurisdiction which has adopted tents to be ejected by the gas. and administers one or more sections Aggregate lithium content means the of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Ves- sum of the grams of lithium content or sel Code as a legal requirement and has equivalent lithium content contained a representative serving as a member by the cells comprising a battery. of the ASME Conference Committee; or Agricultural product means a haz- (2) an insurance company which has ardous material, other than a haz- been licensed or registered by the ap- ardous waste, whose end use directly propriate authority of a State of the supports the production of an agricul- United States or a Province of Canada tural commodity including, but not to underwrite boiler and pressure ves- limited to a fertilizer, pesticide, soil sel insurance in such State or Prov- amendment or fuel. An agricultural ince. product is limited to a material in Authorized Inspector means an Inspec- Class 3, 8 or 9, Division 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, or tor who is currently commissioned by 6.1, or an ORM-D material. the National Board of Boiler and Pres- Approval means a written authoriza- sure Vessel Inspectors and employed as tion, including a competent authority an Inspector by an Authorized Inspec- approval, from the Associate Adminis- tion Agency. trator or other designated Department Bag means a flexible packaging made official, to perform a function for of paper, plastic film, textiles, woven which prior authorization by the Asso- material or other similar materials. ciate Administrator is required under Bar means 1 BAR = 100 kPa (14.5 psi). subchapter C of this chapter (49 CFR Barge means a non-selfpropelled ves- parts 171 through 180.) sel. Approved means approval issued or Biological product. See § 173.134 of this recognized by the Department unless subchapter. otherwise specifically indicated in this Biological substances, Category B. See subchapter. § 173.134 of this subchapter.

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Bottle means an inner packaging hav- for the transport of gases in Division ing a neck of relatively smaller cross 2.3 is limited to a water capacity of section than the body and an opening 1,000 L. capable of holding a closure for reten- Bureau of Explosives means the Bu- tion of the contents. reau of Explosives (B of E) of the Asso- Bottom shell means that portion of a ciation of American Railroads. tank car tank surface, excluding the C means Celsius or Centigrade. head ends of the tank car tank, that Captain of the Port (COTP) means the lies within two feet, measured circum- officer of the Coast Guard, under the ferentially, of the bottom longitudinal command of a District Commander, so center line of the tank car tank. designated by the Commandant for the Box means a packaging with com- purpose of giving immediate direction plete rectangular or polygonal faces, to Coast Guard law enforcement activi- made of metal, wood, plywood, recon- ties within an assigned area. As used in stituted wood, fiberboard, plastic, or this subchapter, the term Captain of the other suitable material. Holes appro- Port includes an authorized representa- priate to the size and use of the pack- tive of the Captain of the Port. aging, for purposes such as ease of han- Carfloat means a vessel that operates dling or opening, or to meet classifica- on a short run on an irregular basis and tion requirements, are permitted as serves one or more points in a port long as they do not compromise the in- area as an extension of a rail line or tegrity of the packaging during trans- highway over water, and does not oper- portation, and are not otherwise pro- ate in ocean, coastwise, or ferry serv- hibited in this subchapter. ice. Break-bulk means packages of haz- Cargo aircraft only means an aircraft ardous materials that are handled indi- that is used to transport cargo and is vidually, palletized, or unitized for pur- not engaged in carrying passengers. poses of transportation as opposed to For purposes of this subchapter, the bulk and containerized freight. terms cargo aircraft only, cargo-only air- Btu means British thermal unit. craft and cargo aircraft have the same Bulk packaging means a packaging, meaning. other than a vessel or a barge, including a transport vehicle or freight con- Cargo tank means a bulk packaging tainer, in which hazardous materials that: are loaded with no intermediate form (1) Is a tank intended primarily for of containment. A Large Packaging in the carriage of liquids or gases and in- which hazardous materials are loaded cludes appurtenances, reinforcements, with an intermediate form of contain- fittings, and closures (for the definition ment, such as one or more articles or of a tank, see 49 CFR 178.320, 178.337–1, inner packagings, is also a bulk pack- or 178.338–1, as applicable); aging. Additionally, a bulk packaging (2) Is permanently attached to or has: * * * forms a part of a motor vehicle, or is (1) A maximum capacity greater than not permanently attached to a motor 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a vehicle but which, by reason of its size, liquid; construction or attachment to a motor (2) A maximum net mass greater vehicle is loaded or unloaded without than 400 kg (882 pounds) and a max- being removed from the motor vehicle; imum capacity greater than 450 L (119 and gallons) as a receptacle for a solid; or (3) Is not fabricated under a speci- (3) A water capacity greater than 454 fication for cylinders, intermediate kg (1000 pounds) as a receptacle for a bulk containers, multi-unit tank car gas as defined in § 173.115 of this sub- tanks, portable tanks, or tank cars. chapter. Cargo tank motor vehicle means a Bundle of cylinders means assemblies motor vehicle with one or more cargo of UN cylinders fastened together and tanks permanently attached to or interconnected by a manifold and forming an integral part of the motor transported as a unit. The total water vehicle. capacity for the bundle may not exceed Cargo vessel means: (1) Any vessel 3,000 L, except that a bundle intended other than a passenger vessel; and

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(2) Any ferry being operated under law for the control or regulation of a authority of a change of character cer- particular aspect of the transportation tificate issued by a Coast Guard Offi- of hazardous materials (dangerous cer-in-Charge, Marine Inspection. goods). The term Appropriate Authority, Carrier means a person who trans- as used in the ICAO Technical Instruc- ports passengers or property in com- tions (IBR, see § 171.7), has the same merce by rail car, aircraft, motor vehi- meaning as Competent Authority. For cle, or vessel. purposes of this subchapter, the Asso- CC means closed-cup. ciate Administrator is the Competent Character of vessel means the type of Authority for the United States. service in which the vessel is engaged Composite packaging means a pack- at the time of carriage of a hazardous aging consisting of an outer packaging material. and an inner receptacle, so constructed Class means hazard class. See hazard that the inner receptacle and the outer class. packaging form an integral packaging. Class 1. See § 173.50 of this subchapter. Once assembled it remains thereafter Class 2. See § 173.115 of this sub- an integrated single unit; it is filled, chapter. stored, shipped and emptied as such. Class 3. See § 173.120 of this sub- Compressed gas. See § 173.115 of this chapter. subchapter. Class 4. See § 173.124 of this sub- Consignee means the person or place chapter. shown on a shipping document, pack- Class 5. See § 173.128 of this sub- age marking, or other media as the lo- chapter. cation to which a carrier is directed to Class 6. See § 173.132 of this sub- transport a hazardous material. chapter. Consumer commodity means a material Class 7. See § 173.403 of this sub- that is packaged and distributed in a chapter. form intended or suitable for sale Class 8. See § 173.136 of this sub- through retail sales agencies or instru- chapter. mentalities for consumption by indi- Class 9. See § 173.140 of this sub- viduals for purposes of personal care or chapter. household use. This term also includes Closure means a device which closes drugs and medicines. an opening in a receptacle. Containership means a cargo vessel means container-on-flat-car. COFC designed and constructed to transport, means a com- Combination packaging within specifically designed cells, port- bination of packaging, for transport able tanks and freight containers purposes, consisting of one or more which are lifted on and off with their inner packagings secured in a non-bulk contents intact. outer packaging. It does not include a Corrosive material. See § 173.136 of this composite packaging. subchapter. Combustible liquid. See § 173.120 of this subchapter. Crate means an outer packaging with Commerce means trade or transpor- incomplete surfaces. tation in the jurisdiction of the United Crewmember means a person assigned States within a single state; between a to perform duty in an aircraft during place in a state and a place outside of flight time. the state; that affects trade or trans- Cryogenic liquid. See § 173.115(g) of portation between a place in a state this subchapter. and place outside of the state; or on a Cultures and stocks. See § 173.134 of United States-registered aircraft. this subchapter. Compatibility group letter means a des- Cylinder means a pressure vessel de- ignated alphabetical letter used to cat- signed for pressures higher than 40 psia egorize different types of explosive sub- and having a circular cross section. It stances and articles for purposes of does not include a portable tank, stowage and segregation. See § 173.52 of multi-unit tank car tank, cargo tank, this subchapter. or tank car. Competent Authority means a national Dangerous when wet material. See agency responsible under its national § 173.124 of this subchapter.

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Design Certifying Engineer means a (2) Is in a liquid phase with a flash person registered with the Department point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) that is in accordance with subpart F of part intentionally heated and offered for 107 of this chapter who has the knowl- transportation or transported at or edge and ability to perform stress anal- above its flash point; or ysis of pressure vessels and otherwise (3) Is in a solid phase and at a tem- determine whether a cargo tank design perature at or above 240 °C (464 °F). and construction meets the applicable Engine means a locomotive propelled DOT specification. A Design Certifying by any form of energy and used by a Engineer meets the knowledge and abil- railroad. ity requirements of this section by EPA means U.S. Environmental Pro- meeting any one of the following re- tection Agency. quirements: Equivalent lithium content means, for (1) Has an engineering degree and one a lithium-ion cell, the product of the year of work experience in cargo tank rated capacity, in ampere-hours, of a structural or mechanical design; lithium-ion cell times 0.3, with the re- (2) Is currently registered as a profes- sult expressed in grams. The equivalent sional engineer by appropriate author- lithium content of a battery equals the ity of a state of the United States or a sum of the grams of equivalent lithium province of Canada; or content contained in the component (3) Has at least three years’ experi- cells of the battery. ence in performing the duties of a De- Etiologic agent. See § 173.134 of this sign Certifying Engineer prior to Sep- subchapter. tember 1, 1991. EX number means a number preceded Designated facility means a hazardous by the prefix ‘‘EX’’, assigned by the As- waste treatment, storage, or disposal sociate Administrator, to an item that facility that has been designated on has been evaluated under the provi- the manifest by the generator. sions of § 173.56 of this subchapter. District Commander means the Dis- Explosive. See § 173.50 of this sub- trict Commander of the Coast Guard, chapter. or his authorized representative, who F means degree Fahrenheit. has jurisdiction in the particular geo- graphical area. Farmer means a person engaged in the production or raising of crops, Division means a subdivision of a hazard class. poultry, or livestock. DOD means the U.S. Department of Federal hazardous material transpor- Defense. tation law means 49 U.S.C. 5101 et seq. Domestic transportation means trans- Ferry vessel means a vessel which is portation between places within the limited in its use to the carriage of United States other than through a for- deck passengers or vehicles or both, op- eign country. erates on a short run on a frequent DOT or Department means U.S. De- schedule between two points over the partment of Transportation. most direct water route, other than in Drum means a flat-ended or convex- ocean or coastwise service, and is of- ended cylindrical packaging made of fered as a public service of a type nor- metal, fiberboard, plastic, plywood, or mally attributed to a bridge or tunnel. other suitable materials. This defini- Filling density has the following tion also includes packagings of other meanings: shapes made of metal or plastic (e.g., (1) For compressed gases in cylinders, round taper-necked packagings or pail- see § 173.304a(a)(2) table note 1. shaped packagings) but does not in- (2) For compressed gases in tank clude cylinders, jerricans, wooden bar- cars, see § 173.314(c) table note 1. rels or bulk packagings. (3) For compressed gases in cargo Elevated temperature material means a tanks and portable tanks, see material which, when offered for trans- § 173.315(a) table note 1. portation or transported in a bulk (4) For cryogenic liquids in cylinders, packaging: except hydrogen, see § 173.316(c)(1). (1) Is in a liquid phase and at a tem- (5) For hydrogen, cryogenic liquid in perature at or above 100 °C (212 °F); cylinders, see § 173.316(c)(3) table note 1.

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(6) For cryogenic liquids in cargo Gross weight or Gross mass means the tanks, see § 173.318(f)(1). weight of a packaging plus the weight (7) For cryogenic liquids in tank cars, of its contents. see § 173.319(d)(1). Hazard class means the category of Flammable gas. See § 173.115 of this hazard assigned to a hazardous mate- subchapter. rial under the definitional criteria of Flammable liquid. See § 173.120 of this part 173 of this subchapter and the pro- subchapter. visions of the § 172.101 table. A material may meet the defining criteria for Flammable solid. See § 173.124 of this more than one hazard class but is as- subchapter. signed to only one hazard class. See § 173.120 of this sub- Flash point. Hazard zone means one of four levels chapter. of hazard (Hazard Zones A through D) Freight container means a reusable assigned to gases, as specified in container having a volume of 64 cubic § 173.116(a) of this subchapter, and one feet or more, designed and constructed of two levels of hazards (Hazard Zones to permit being lifted with its contents A and B) assigned to liquids that are intact and intended primarily for con- poisonous by inhalation, as specified in tainment of packages (in unit form) § 173.133(a) of this subchapter. A hazard during transportation. zone is based on the LC50 value for Fuel cell means an electrochemical acute inhalation toxicity of gases and device that converts the energy of the vapors, as specified in § 173.133(a). chemical reaction between a fuel, such Hazardous material means a substance as hydrogen or hydrogen rich gases, al- or material that the Secretary of cohols, or hydrocarbons, and an oxi- Transportation has determined is capa- dant, such as air or oxygen, to direct ble of posing an unreasonable risk to current (d.c.) power, heat, and other re- health, safety, and property when action products. transported in commerce, and has des- Fuel cell cartridge or fuel cartridge ignated as hazardous under section 5103 means an article that stores fuel for of Federal hazardous materials trans- discharge into the fuel cell through a portation law (49 U.S.C. 5103). The term valve(s) that controls the discharge of includes hazardous substances, haz- fuel into the fuel cell. ardous wastes, marine pollutants, ele- Fuel cell system means a fuel cell with vated temperature materials, mate- an installed fuel cell cartridge together rials designated as hazardous in the with wiring, valves, and other attach- Hazardous Materials Table (see 49 CFR ments that connect the fuel cell or car- 172.101), and materials that meet the tridge to the device it powers. The fuel defining criteria for hazard classes and cell or cartridge may be so constructed divisions in part 173 of subchapter C of that it forms an integral part of the de- this chapter. Hazardous substance for the purposes vice or may be removed and connected of this subchapter, means a material, manually to the device. including its mixtures and solutions, Fuel tank means a tank other than a that— cargo tank, used to transport flam- (1) Is listed in the appendix A to mable or combustible liquid, or com- § 172.101 of this subchapter; pressed gas for the purpose of sup- (2) Is in a quantity, in one package, plying fuel for propulsion of the trans- which equals or exceeds the reportable port vehicle to which it is attached, or quantity (RQ) listed in the appendix A for the operation of other equipment to § 172.101 of this subchapter; and on the transport vehicle. (3) When in a mixture or solution— Fumigated lading. See §§ 172.302(g) and (i) For radionuclides, conforms to 173.9. paragraph 7 of the appendix A to Gas means a material which has a § 172.101. vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa (ii) For other than radionuclides, is (43.5 psia) at 50 °C (122 °F) or is com- in a concentration by weight which pletely gaseous at 20 °C (68 °F) at a equals or exceeds the concentration standard pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 corresponding to the RQ of the mate- psia). rial, as shown in the following table:

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Concentration by (iii) Prepares hazardous materials for RQ pounds (kilograms) weight transportation; Percent PPM (iv) Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials; 5000 (2270) ...... 10 100,000 1000 (454) ...... 2 20,000 (v) Operates a vehicle used to trans- 100 (45.4) ...... 0.2 2,000 port hazardous materials. 10 (4.54) ...... 0.02 200 1 (0.454) ...... 0.002 20 Hazmat employer means: (1) A person who employs or uses at The term does not include petroleum, least one hazmat employee on a full- including crude oil or any fraction time, part time, or temporary basis; thereof which is not otherwise specifi- and who: cally listed or designated as a haz- (i) Transports hazardous materials in ardous substance in appendix A to commerce; § 172.101 of this subchapter, and the (ii) Causes hazardous materials to be term does not include natural gas, nat- transported in commerce; or ural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas, (iii) Designs, manufactures, fab- or synthetic gas usable for fuel (or mix- ricates, inspects, marks, maintains, re- tures of natural gas and such synthetic gas). conditions, repairs or tests a package, Hazardous waste, for the purposes of container, or packaging component this chapter, means any material that that is represented, marked, certified, is subject to the Hazardous Waste or sold by that person as qualified for Manifest Requirements of the U.S. En- use in transporting hazardous mate- vironmental Protection Agency speci- rials in commerce; fied in 40 CFR part 262. (2) A person who is self-employed (in- Hazmat means a hazardous material. cluding an owner-operator of a motor Hazmat employee means: (1) A person vehicle, vessel, or aircraft) trans- who is: porting materials in commerce; and (i) Employed on a full-time, part who: time, or temporary basis by a hazmat (i) Transports hazardous materials in employer and who in the course of such commerce; full time, part time or temporary em- (ii) Causes hazardous materials to be ployment directly affects hazardous transported in commerce; or materials transportation safety; (iii) Designs, manufactures, fab- (ii) Self-employed (including an ricates, inspects, marks, maintains, re- owner-operator of a motor vehicle, ves- conditions, repairs or tests a package, sel, or aircraft) transporting hazardous container, or packaging component materials in commerce who in the that is represented, marked, certified, course of such self-employment di- or sold by that person as qualified for rectly affects hazardous materials use in transporting hazardous mate- transportation safety; rials in commerce; or (iii) A railroad signalman; or (3) A department, agency, or instru- (iv) A railroad maintenance-of-way employee. mentality of the United States Govern- (2) This term includes an individual, ment, or an authority of a State, polit- employed on a full time, part time, or ical subdivision of a State, or an Indian temporary basis by a hazmat employer, tribe; and who: or who is self-employed, who during (i) Transports hazardous materials in the course of employment: commerce; (i) Loads, unloads, or handles haz- (ii) Causes hazardous materials to be ardous materials; transported in commerce; or (ii) Designs, manufactures, fab- (iii) Designs, manufactures, fab- ricates, inspects, marks, maintains, re- ricates, inspects, marks, maintains, re- conditions, repairs, or tests a package, conditions, repairs or tests a package, container or packaging component container, or packaging component that is represented, marked, certified, that is represented, marked, certified, or sold as qualified for use in trans- or sold by that person as qualified for porting hazardous material in com- use in transporting hazardous mate- merce. rials in commerce.

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Hermetically sealed means closed by aging or article and is itself enclosed in fusion, gasketing, crimping, or equiva- an outer packaging. lent means so that no gas or vapor can Intermodal container means a freight enter or escape. container designed and constructed to Household waste means any solid permit it to be used interchangeably in waste (including garbage, trash, and two or more modes of transport. sanitary waste from septic tanks) de- Intermodal portable tank or IM portable rived from households (including single tank means a specific class of portable and multiple residences, hotels and tanks designed primarily for inter- motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, national intermodal use. crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic International transportation means grounds, and day-use recreation areas). transportation— This term is not applicable to consoli- (1) Between any place in the United dated shipments of household haz- States and any place in a foreign coun- ardous materials transported from col- try; lection centers. A collection center is a (2) Between places in the United central location where household waste States through a foreign country; or is collected. (3) Between places in one or more for- HMR means the Hazardous Materials eign countries through the United Regulations, Parts 171 through 180 of States. this chapter. Irritating material. See § 173.132(a)(2) of IAEA means International Atomic this subchapter. Energy Agency. Jerrican means a metal or plastic IATA means International Air Trans- packaging of rectangular or polygonal port Association. cross-section. ICAO means International Civil Avia- Large packaging means a packaging tion Organization. that— IMO means International Maritime (1) Consists of an outer packaging Organization. that contains articles or inner pack- Incorporated by reference or IBR agings; means a publication or a portion of a (2) Is designated for mechanical han- publication that is made a part of the dling; regulations of this subchapter. See (3) Exceeds 400 kg net mass or 450 li- § 171.7. ters (118.9 gallons) capacity; Infectious substance (etiologic agent). (4) Has a volume of not more than 3 See § 173.134 of this subchapter. cubic meters (m3) (see § 178.801(i) of this Inner packaging means a packaging subchapter); and for which an outer packaging is re- (5) Conforms to the requirements for quired for transport. It does not in- the construction, testing and marking clude the inner receptacle of a com- of Large Packagings as specified in posite packaging. subparts P and Q of part 178 of this sub- Inner receptacle means a receptacle chapter. which requires an outer packaging in Limited quantity, when specified as order to perform its containment func- such in a section applicable to a par- tion. The inner receptacle may be an ticular material, means the maximum inner packaging of a combination amount of a hazardous material for packaging or the inner receptacle of a which there is a specific labeling or composite packaging. packaging exception. Intermediate bulk container or IBC Lighter means a mechanically oper- means a rigid or flexible portable pack- ated flame-producing device employing aging, other than a cylinder or port- an ignition device and containing a able tank, which is designed for me- Class 3 or a Division 2.1 material. For chanical handling. Standards for IBCs design, capacity, and filling density remanufactured in the United States are quirements for lighters containing a set forth in subparts N and O of part Division 2.1 material, see § 173.308. 178 of this subchapter. Lighter refill means a pressurized con- Intermediate packaging means a pack- tainer that does not contain an igni- aging which encloses an inner pack- tion device but does contain a release

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device and is intended for use as a re- when in a solution or mixture of one or placement cartridge in a lighter or to more marine pollutants, is packaged in refill a lighter with a Division 2.1 flam- a concentration which equals or ex- mable gas fuel. For capacity limits, see ceeds: § 173.306(h) of this subchapter. (1) Ten percent by weight of the solu- Liquid means a material, other than tion or mixture for materials listed in an elevated temperature material, with the appendix; or a melting point or initial melting point (2) One percent by weight of the solu- of 20 °C (68 °F) or lower at a standard tion or mixture for materials that are pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia). A vis- identified as severe marine pollutants cous material for which a specific in the appendix. melting point cannot be determined Marking means a descriptive name, must be subjected to the procedures identification number, instructions, specified in ASTM D 4359 ‘‘Standard cautions, weight, specification, or UN Test Method for Determining Whether marks, or combinations thereof, re- a Material is Liquid or Solid’’ (IBR, see quired by this subchapter on outer § 171.7). packagings of hazardous materials. Liquid phase means a material that Material of trade means a hazardous meets the definition of liquid when material, other than a hazardous evaluated at the higher of the tempera- waste, that is carried on a motor vehi- ture at which it is offered for transpor- cle— tation or at which it is transported, (1) For the purpose of protecting the not at the 38 °C (100 °F) temperature health and safety of the motor vehicle specified in ASTM D 4359 (IBR, see operator or passengers; § 171.7). (2) For the purpose of supporting the Lithium content means the mass of operation or maintenance of a motor lithium in the anode of a lithium metal vehicle (including its auxiliary equip- or lithium alloy cell. The lithium con- ment); or tent of a battery equals the sum of the (3) By a private motor carrier (in- grams of lithium content contained in cluding vehicles operated by a rail car- the component cells of the battery. For rier) in direct support of a principal a lithium-ion cell see the definition for business that is other than transpor- ‘‘equivalent lithium content’’. tation by motor vehicle. Loading incidental to movement means Material poisonous by inhalation or loading by carrier personnel or in the Material toxic by inhalation means: presence of carrier personnel of pack- (1) A gas meeting the defining cri- aged or containerized hazardous mate- teria in § 173.115(c) of this subchapter rial onto a transport vehicle, aircraft, and assigned to Hazard Zone A, B, C, or or vessel for the purpose of trans- D in accordance with § 173.116(a) of this porting it, including the loading, subchapter; blocking and bracing a hazardous ma- (2) A liquid (other than as a mist) terials package in a freight container meeting the defining criteria in or transport vehicle, and segregating a § 173.132(a)(1)(iii) of this subchapter and hazardous materials package in a assigned to Hazard Zone A or B in ac- freight container or transport vehicle cordance with § 173.133(a) of this sub- from incompatible cargo. For a bulk chapter; or packaging, loading incidental to move- (3) Any material identified as an in- ment means filling the packaging with halation hazard by a special provision a hazardous material for the purpose of in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. transporting it. Loading incidental to Maximum allowable working pressure movement includes transloading. or MAWP: For DOT specification cargo Magazine vessel means a vessel used tanks used to transport liquid haz- for the receiving, storing, or dispensing ardous materials, see § 178.320(a) of this of explosives. subchapter. Magnetic material. See § 173.21(d) of Maximum capacity means the max- this subchapter. imum inner volume of receptacles or Marine pollutant, means a material packagings. which is listed in appendix B to § 172.101 Maximum net mass means the allow- of this subchapter (also see § 171.4) and, able maximum net mass of contents in

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a single packaging, or as used in sub- United States, including the territorial part M of part 178 of this subchapter, seas. the maximum combined mass of inner Non-bulk packaging means a pack- packaging, and the contents thereof. aging which has: Mechanical displacement meter prover (1) A maximum capacity of 450 L (119 means a mechanical device used in the gallons) or less as a receptacle for a oilfield service industry consisting of a liquid; pipe assembly that is used to calibrate (2) A maximum net mass of 400 kg the accuracy and performance of me- (882 pounds) or less and a maximum ca- ters that measure the quantities of a pacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a product being pumped or transferred at receptacle for a solid; or facilities such as drilling locations, re- (3) A water capacity of 454 kg (1000 fineries, tank farms, and loading racks. pounds) or less as a receptacle for a gas Metered delivery service means a cargo as defined in § 173.115 of this sub- tank unloading operation conducted at chapter. a metered flow rate of 378.5 L (100 gal- Nonflammable gas. See § 173.115 of this lons) per minute or less through an at- subchapter. tached delivery hose with a nominal in- N.O.S. means not otherwise specified. side diameter of 3.175 cm (11⁄4 inches) or N.O.S. description means a shipping less. description from the § 172.101 table Miscellaneous hazardous material. See which includes the abbreviation n.o.s. § 173.140 of this subchapter. NPT means an American Standard taper pipe thread conforming to the re- Mixture means a material composed quirements of NBS Handbook H–28 of more than one chemical compound (IBR, see § 171.7). or element. NRC (non-reusable container) means a means any of the following Mode packaging (container) whose reuse is transportation methods; rail, highway, restricted in accordance with the pro- air, or water. visions of § 173.28 of this subchapter. Motor vehicle includes a vehicle, ma- Occupied caboose means a rail car chine, tractor, trailer, or semitrailer, being used to transport non-passenger or any combination thereof, propelled personnel. or drawn by mechanical power and Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection used upon the highways in the trans- means a person from the civilian or portation of passengers or property. It military branch of the Coast Guard does not include a vehicle, locomotive, designated as such by the Commandant or car operated exclusively on a rail or and who under the supervision and di- rails, or a trolley bus operated by elec- rection of the Coast Guard District tric power derived from a fixed over- Commander is in charge of a des- head wire, furnishing local passenger ignated inspection zone for the per- transportation similar to street-rail- formance of duties with respect to the way service. enforcement and administration of Movement means the physical trans- title 52, Revised Statutes, acts amend- fer of a hazardous material from one atory thereof or supplemental thereto, geographic location to another by rail rules and regulations thereunder, and car, aircraft, motor vehicle, or vessel. the inspection required thereby. Multiple-element gas container or Offshore supply vessel means a cargo MEGC means assemblies of UN cyl- vessel of less than 500 gross tons that inders, tubes, or bundles of cylinders regularly transports goods, supplies or interconnected by a manifold and as- equipment in support of exploration or sembled within a framework. The term production of offshore mineral or en- includes all service equipment and ergy resources. structural equipment necessary for the Operator means a person who controls transport of gases. the use of an aircraft, vessel, or vehi- Name of contents means the proper cle. shipping name as specified in § 172.101 Organic peroxide. See § 173.128 of this of this subchapter. subchapter. Navigable waters means, for the pur- ORM means other regulated mate- poses of this subchapter, waters of the rial. See § 173.144 of this subchapter.

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Outage or ullage means the amount a person being carried on a vessel other by which a packaging falls short of than: being liquid full, usually expressed in (1) The owner or his representative; percent by volume. (2) The operator; Outer packaging means the outermost (3) A bona fide member of the crew enclosure of a composite or combina- engaged in the business of the vessel tion packaging together with any ab- who has contributed no consideration sorbent materials, cushioning and any for his carriage and who is paid for his other components necessary to contain services; or and protect inner receptacles or inner (4) A guest who has not contributed packagings. any consideration directly or indi- Overpack, except as provided in sub- rectly for his carriage. part K of part 178 of this subchapter, Passenger-carrying aircraft means an means an enclosure that is used by a aircraft that carries any person other single consignor to provide protection than a crewmember, company em- or convenience in handling of a pack- ployee, an authorized representative of age or to consolidate two or more the United States, or a person accom- packages. Overpack does not include a panying the shipment. transport vehicle, freight container, or Passenger vessel means— aircraft unit load device. Examples of (1) A vessel subject to any of the re- overpacks are one or more packages: quirements of the International Con- (1) Placed or stacked onto a load vention for the Safety of Life at Sea, board such as a pallet and secured by 1974, which carries more than 12 pas- strapping, shrink wrapping, stretch sengers; wrapping, or other suitable means; or (2) A cargo vessel documented under (2) Placed in a protective outer pack- the laws of the United States and not aging such as a box or crate. subject to that Convention, which carries more than 16 passengers; Oxidizer. See § 173.127 of this sub- (3) A cargo vessel of any foreign na- chapter. tion that extends reciprocal privileges means a gas which may, Oxidizing gas and is not subject to that Convention generally by providing oxygen, cause and which carries more than 16 pas- or contribute to the combustion of sengers; and other material more than air does. (4) A vessel engaged in a ferry oper- Oxygen generator (chemical) means a ation and which carries passengers. device containing chemicals that upon Person means an individual, corpora- activation release oxygen as a product tion, company, association, firm, part- of chemical reaction. nership, society, joint stock company; Package or Outside Package means a or a government, Indian tribe, or au- packaging plus its contents. For radio- thority of a government or tribe offer- active materials, see § 173.403 of this ing a hazardous material for transpor- subchapter. tation in commerce or transporting a Packaging means a receptacle and hazardous material to support a com- any other components or materials mercial enterprise. This term does not necessary for the receptacle to perform include the United States Postal Serv- its containment function in conform- ice or, for purposes of 49 U.S.C. 5123 and ance with the minimum packing re- 5124, a Department, agency, or instru- quirements of this subchapter. For ra- mentality of the government. dioactive materials packaging, see Person who offers or offeror means: § 173.403 of this subchapter. (1) Any person who does either or Packing group means a grouping ac- both of the following: cording to the degree of danger pre- (i) Performs, or is responsible for per- sented by hazardous materials. Pack- forming, any pre-transportation func- ing Group I indicates great danger; tion required under this subchapter for Packing Group II, medium danger; transportation of the hazardous mate- Packing Group III, minor danger. See rial in commerce. § 172.101(f) of this subchapter. (ii) Tenders or makes the hazardous Passenger (With respect to vessels and material available to a carrier for for the purposes of part 176 only) means transportation in commerce.

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(2) A carrier is not an offeror when it (4) Securing a closure on a filled or performs a function required by this partially filled hazardous materials subchapter as a condition of accept- package or container or on a package ance of a hazardous material for trans- or container containing a residue of a portation in commerce (e.g., reviewing hazardous material. shipping papers, examining packages (5) Marking a package to indicate to ensure that they are in conformance that it contains a hazardous material. with this subchapter, or preparing (6) Labeling a package to indicate shipping documentation for its own that it contains a hazardous material. use) or when it transfers a hazardous (7) Preparing a shipping paper. material to another carrier for contin- (8) Providing and maintaining emer- ued transportation in commerce with- gency response information. out performing a pre-transportation (9) Reviewing a shipping paper to function. verify compliance with the HMR or PHMSA means the Pipeline and Haz- international equivalents. ardous Materials Safety Administra- (10) For each person importing a haz- tion, U.S. Department of Transpor- ardous material into the United States, tation, Washington, DC 20590. providing the shipper with timely and Placarded car means a rail car which complete information as to the HMR is placarded in accordance with the re- requirements that will apply to the quirements of part 172 of this sub- transportation of the material within chapter. the United States. Poisonous gas. See § 173.115 of this sub- (11) Certifying that a hazardous ma- chapter. terial is in proper condition for transportation in conformance with the re- Poisonous materials. See § 173.132 of quirements of the HMR. this subchapter. (12) Loading, blocking, and bracing a means a bulk packaging Portable tank hazardous materials package in a (except a cylinder having a water ca- freight container or transport vehicle. pacity of 1000 pounds or less) designed (13) Segregating a hazardous mate- primarily to be loaded onto, or on, or rials package in a freight container or temporarily attached to a transport ve- transport vehicle from incompatible hicle or ship and equipped with skids, cargo. mountings, or accessories to facilitate (14) Selecting, providing, or affixing handling of the tank by mechanical placards for a freight container or means. It does not include a cargo transport vehicle to indicate that it tank, tank car, multi-unit tank car contains a hazardous material. tank, or trailer carrying 3AX, 3AAX, or Primary hazard means the hazard 3T cylinders. class of a material as assigned in the Preferred route or Preferred highway is § 172.101 table. a highway for shipment of highway Private track or Private siding means: route controlled quantities of radioactive (i) Track located outside of a carrier’s materials so designated by a State right-of-way, yard, or terminals where routing agency, and any Interstate the carrier does not own the rails, ties, System highway for which an alter- roadbed, or right-of-way, or native highway has not been des- (ii) Track leased by a railroad to a ignated by such State agency as pro- lessee, where the lease provides for, vided by § 397.103 of this title. and actual practice entails, exclusive Pre-transportation function means a use of that trackage by the lessee and/ function specified in the HMR that is or a general system railroad for pur- required to assure the safe transpor- pose of moving only cars shipped to or tation of a hazardous material in com- by the lessee, and where the lessor oth- merce, including— erwise exercises no control over or re- (1) Determining the hazard class of a sponsibility for the trackage or the hazardous material. cars on the trackage. (2) Selecting a hazardous materials Proper shipping name means the name packaging. of the hazardous material shown in (3) Filling a hazardous materials Roman print (not italics) in § 172.101 of packaging, including a bulk packaging. this subchapter.

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Psi means pounds per square inch. Reportable quantity (RQ) for the pur- Psia means pounds per square inch poses of this subchapter means the absolute. quantity specified in column 2 of the Psig means pounds per square inch appendix to § 172.101 for any material gauge. identified in column 1 of the appendix. Public vessel means a vessel owned by Research means investigation or ex- and being used in the public service of perimentation aimed at the discovery the United States. It does not include a of new theories or laws and the dis- vessel owned by the United States and covery and interpretation of facts or engaged in a trade or commercial serv- revision of accepted theories or laws in ice or a vessel under contract or char- the light of new facts. Research does ter to the United States. not include the application of existing Pyrophoric liquid. See § 173.124(b) of technology to industrial endeavors. this subchapter. Residue means the hazardous mate- Radioactive materials. See § 173.403 of rial remaining in a packaging, includ- this subchapter for definitions relating ing a tank car, after its contents have to radioactive materials. been unloaded to the maximum extent Rail car means a car designed to practicable and before the packaging is carry freight or non-passenger per- either refilled or cleaned of hazardous sonnel by rail, and includes a box car, material and purged to remove any flat car, gondola car, hopper car, tank hazardous vapors. car, and occupied caboose. Reused packaging. See § 173.28 of this Railroad means a person engaged in subchapter. transportation by rail. SADT means self-accelerated decom- Receptacle means a containment ves- position temperature. See § 173.21(f) of sel for receiving and holding materials, this subchapter. including any means of closing. Salvage packaging means a special Reconditioned packaging. See § 173.28 packaging conforming to § 173.3 of this of this subchapter. subchapter into which damaged, defec- Registered Inspector means a person tive, leaking, or non-conforming haz- registered with the Department in ac- ardous materials packages, or haz- cordance with subpart F of part 107 of ardous materials that have spilled or this chapter who has the knowledge leaked, are placed for purposes of and ability to determine whether a transport for recovery or disposal. cargo tank conforms to the applicable SCF (standard cubic foot) means one DOT specification. A Registered Inspec- cubic foot of gas measured at 60 °F. and tor meets the knowledge and ability re- 14.7 psia. quirements of this section by meeting Secretary means the Secretary of any one of the following requirements: Transportation. (1) Has an engineering degree and one Self-defense spray means an aerosol or year of work experience relating to the non-pressurized device that: testing and inspection of cargo tanks; (1) Is intended to have an irritating (2) Has an associate degree in engi- or incapacitating effect on a person or neering and two years of work experi- animal; and ence relating to the testing and inspec- (2) Meets no hazard criteria other tion of cargo tanks; than for Class 9 (for example, a pepper (3) Has a high school diploma (or spray; see § 173.140(a) of this sub- General Equivalency Diploma) and chapter) and, for an aerosol, Division three years of work experience relating 2.1 or 2.2 (see § 173.115 of this sub- to the testing and inspection of cargo chapter), except that it may contain tanks; or not more than two percent by mass of (4) Has at least three years’ experi- a tear gas substance (e.g., ence performing the duties of a Reg- chloroacetophenone (CN) or 0- istered Inspector prior to September 1, chlorobenzylmalonitrile (CS); see 1991. § 173.132(a)(2) of this subchapter.) Regulated medical waste. See § 173.134 Settled pressure means the pressure of this subchapter. exerted by the contents of a UN pres- Remanufactured packagings. See sure receptacle in thermal and diffu- § 173.28 of this subchapter. sive equilibrium.

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Sharps. See § 173.134 of this sub- iana Islands, the Virgin Islands, Amer- chapter. ican Samoa, Guam, or any other terri- Shipping paper means a shipping tory or possession of the United States order, bill of lading, manifest or other designated by the Secretary. shipping document serving a similar State-designated route means a pre- purpose and prepared in accordance ferred route selected in accordance with subpart C of part 172 of this chap- with U.S. DOT ‘‘Guidelines for Select- ter. ing Preferred Highway Routes for Siftproof packaging means a pack- Highway Route Controlled Quantities aging impermeable to dry contents, in- of Radioactive Materials’’ or an equiv- cluding fine solid material produced alent routing analysis which ade- during transportation. quately considers overall risk to the Single packaging means a non-bulk public. packaging other than a combination Storage incidental to movement means packaging. storage of a transport vehicle, freight Solid means a material which is not a container, or package containing a haz- gas or a liquid. ardous material by any person between Solution means any homogeneous liq- the time that a carrier takes physical uid mixture of two or more chemical possession of the hazardous material compounds or elements that will not for the purpose of transporting it in undergo any segregation under condi- commerce until the package con- tions normal to transportation. taining the hazardous material is phys- Special permit means a document ically delivered to the destination indi- issued by the Associate Administrator, cated on a shipping document, package or other designated Department offi- marking, or other medium, or, in the cial, under the authority of 49 U.S.C. case of a private motor carrier, be- 5117 permitting a person to perform a tween the time that a motor vehicle function that is not otherwise per- driver takes physical possession of the mitted under subchapters A or C of this hazardous material for the purpose of chapter, or other regulations issued transporting it in commerce until the under 49 U.S.C. 5101 et seq. (e.g., Federal driver relinquishes possession of the Motor Carrier Safety routing require- package at its destination and is no ments). The terms ‘‘special permit’’ longer responsible for performing func- and ‘‘exemption’’ have the same mean- tions subject to the HMR with respect ing for purposes of subchapters A or C to that particular package. of this chapter or other regulations issued under 49 U.S.C. 5101 through (1) Storage incidental to movement in- 5128. cludes— Specification packaging means a pack- (i) Storage at the destination shown aging conforming to one of the speci- on a shipping document, including fications or standards for packagings storage at a transloading facility, pro- in part 178 or part 179 of this sub- vided the shipping documentation iden- chapter. tifies the shipment as a through-ship- Spontaneously combustible material. ment and identifies the final destina- See § 173.124(b) of this subchapter. tion or destinations of the hazardous Stabilized means that the hazardous material; and material is in a condition that pre- (ii) Rail cars containing hazardous cludes uncontrolled reaction. This may materials that are stored on track that be achieved by methods such as adding does not meet the definition of ‘‘pri- an inhibiting chemical, degassing the vate track or siding’’ in § 171.8, even if hazardous material to remove dis- those cars have been delivered to the solved oxygen and inerting the air destination shown on the shipping doc- space in the package, or maintaining ument. the hazardous material under tempera- (2) Storage incidental to movement ture control. does not include storage of a hazardous State means a State of the United material at its final destination as States, the District of Columbia, the shown on a shipping document. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Stowage means the act of placing haz- Commonwealth of the Northern Mar- ardous materials on board a vessel.

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Strong outer packaging means the out- during switching operations or where ermost enclosure that provides protec- the operation is that of classifying and tion against the unintentional release assembling rail cars within a railroad of its contents. It is a packaging that yard for the purpose of making or is sturdy, durable, and constructed so breaking up trains. that it will retain its contents under Trainship means a vessel other than a normal conditions of transportation. In rail car ferry or carfloat, specifically addition, a strong outer packaging equipped to transport railroad vehicles, must meet the general packaging re- and fitted with installed securing de- quirements of subpart B of part 173 of vices to tie down each vehicle. this subchapter but need not comply Transloading means the transfer of a with the specification packaging re- hazardous material by any person from quirements in part 178 of the sub- one bulk packaging to another bulk chapter. For transport by aircraft, a packaging, from a bulk packaging to a strong outer packaging is subject to non-bulk packaging, or from a non- § 173.27 of this subchapter. The terms bulk packaging to a bulk packaging for ‘‘strong outside container’’ and ‘‘strong the purpose of continuing the move- outside packaging’’ are synonymous ment of the hazardous material in com- with ‘‘strong outer packaging.’’ merce. Subsidiary hazard means a hazard of a Transport vehicle means a cargo-car- material other than the primary haz- rying vehicle such as an automobile, ard. (See primary hazard). van, tractor, truck, semitrailer, tank Table in § 172.101 or § 172.101 table car or rail car used for the transpor- means the Hazardous Materials Table tation of cargo by any mode. Each in § 172.101 of this subchapter. cargo-carrying body (trailer, rail car, Technical name means a recognized etc.) is a separate transport vehicle. chemical name or microbiological Transportation or transport means the name currently used in scientific and movement of property and loading, un- technical handbooks, journals, and loading, or storage incidental to that texts. Generic descriptions are author- movement. ized for use as technical names pro- UFC means Uniform Freight Classi- vided they readily identify the general fication. chemical group, or microbiological UN means United Nations. group. Examples of acceptable generic UN cylinder means a transportable chemical descriptions are organic phos- pressure receptacle with a water capac- phate compounds, petroleum aliphatic ity not exceeding 150 L that has been hydrocarbons and tertiary amines. For marked and certified as conforming to proficiency testing only, generic the applicable requirements in part 178 microbiological descriptions such as of this subchapter. bacteria, mycobacteria, fungus, and UN portable tank means an inter- viral samples may be used. Except for modal tank having a capacity of more names which appear in subpart B of than 450 liters (118.9 gallons). It in- part 172 of this subchapter, trade cludes a shell fitted with service equip- names may not be used as technical ment and structural equipment, includ- names. ing stabilizing members external to the TOFC means trailer-on-flat-car. shell and skids, mountings or acces- Top shell means the tank car tank sories to facilitate mechanical han- surface, excluding the head ends and dling. A UN portable tank must be ca- bottom shell of the tank car tank. pable of being filled and discharged Toxin. See § 173.134 of this subchapter. without the removal of its structural Trailership means a vessel, other than equipment and must be capable of a carfloat, specifically equipped to being lifted when full. Cargo tanks, rail carry motor transport vehicles and tank car tanks, non-metallic tanks, fitted with installed securing devices non-specification tanks, bulk bins, and to tie down each vehicle. The term IBCs and packagings made to cylinder trailership includes Roll-on/Roll-off (RO/ specifications are not UN portable RO) vessels. tanks. Train means one or more engines cou- UN pressure receptacle means a UN pled with one or more rail cars, except cylinder or tube.

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UN Recommendations means the UN transport vehicle, aircraft, or vessel, or Recommendations on the Transport of for a bulk packaging, emptying a haz- Dangerous Goods (IBR, see § 171.7). ardous material from the bulk pack- UN standard packaging means a packaging after the hazardous material has aging conforming to standards in the been delivered to the consignee when UN Recommendations (IBR, see § 171.7). performed by carrier personnel or in UN tube means a seamless transport- the presence of carrier personnel or, in able pressure receptacle with a water the case of a private motor carrier, capacity exceeding 150 L but not more while the driver of the motor vehicle than 3,000 L that has been marked and from which the hazardous material is certified as conforming to the require- being unloaded immediately after ments in part 178 of this subchapter. movement is completed is present dur- Undeclared hazardous material means ing the unloading operation. a hazardous material that is: (1) Sub- (Emptying a hazardous material from a ject to any of the hazard communica- bulk packaging while the packaging is tion requirements in subparts C (Ship- on board a vessel is subject to separate ping Papers), D (Marking), E (Label- regulations as delegated by Depart- ing), and F (Placarding) of Part 172 of ment of Homeland Security Delegation this subchapter, or an alternative No. 0170.1 at 2(103).) Unloading inci- marking requirement in Part 173 of dental to movement includes this subchapter (such as §§ 173.4(a)(10) transloading. and 173.6(c)); and (2) offered for trans- Vessel includes every description of portation in commerce without any watercraft, used or capable of being visible indication to the person accept- used as a means of transportation on ing the hazardous material for trans- the water. portation that a hazardous material is Viscous liquid means a liquid material present, on either an accompanying which has a measured viscosity in ex- shipping document, or the outside of a cess of 2500 centistokes at 25 °C. (77 °F.) transport vehicle, freight container, or when determined in accordance with package. the procedures specified in ASTM Unintentional release means the es- Method D 445–72 ‘‘Kinematic Viscosity cape of a hazardous material from a of Transparent and Opaque Liquids package on an occasion not anticipated (and the Calculation of Dynamic Vis- or planned. This includes releases re- cosity)’’ or ASTM Method D 1200–70 sulting from collision, package fail- ‘‘Viscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and ures, human error, criminal activity, Lacquers by Ford Viscosity Cup.’’ negligence, improper packing, or un- usual conditions such as the operation Volatility refers to the relative rate of of pressure relief devices as a result of evaporation of materials to assume the over-pressurization, overfill or fire ex- vapor state. posure. It does not include releases, Water reactive material. See § 173.124(c) such as venting of packages, where al- of this subchapter. lowed, and the operational discharge of Water resistant means having a degree contents from packages. of resistance to permeability by and Unit load device means any type of damage caused by water in liquid form. freight container, aircraft container, Wooden barrel means a packaging aircraft pallet with a net, or aircraft made of natural wood, of round cross- pallet with a net over an igloo. section, having convex walls, con- United States means a State of the sisting of staves and heads and fitted United States, the District of Colum- with hoops. bia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Working pressure for purposes of UN the Commonwealth of the Northern pressure receptacles, means the settled Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, pressure of a compressed gas at a ref- American Samoa, Guam, or any other erence temperature of 15 °C (59 °F). territory or possession of the United W.T. means watertight. States designated by the Secretary. Unloading incidental to movement [Amdt. 171–32, 41 FR 15994, Apr. 15, 1976] means removing a packaged or con- EDITORIAL NOTE: For FEDERAL REGISTER ci- tainerized hazardous material from a tations affecting § 171.8, see the List of CFR

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Sections Affected which appears in the Find- § 171.10 Units of measure. ing Aids section of the printed volume and on GPO Access. (a) General. To ensure compatibility with international transportation § 171.9 Rules of construction. standards, most units of measure in (a) In this subchapter, unless the con- this subchapter are expressed using the text requires otherwise: International System of Units (‘‘SI’’ or (1) Words imparting the singular in- metric). Where SI units appear, they clude the plural; are the regulatory standard. U.S. (2) Words imparting the plural in- standard or customary units, which ap- clude the singular; and pear in parentheses following the SI (3) Words imparting the masculine units, are for information only and are gender include the feminine; not intended to be the regulatory (b) In this subchapter, the word: (1) standard. ‘‘Shall’’ is used in an imperative sense; (2) ‘‘Must’’ is used in an imperative (b) Abbreviations for SI units of sense; measure generally used throughout (3) ‘‘Should’’ is used in a rec- this subchapter are as shown in para- ommendatory sense; graph (c) of this section. Customary (4) ‘‘May’’ is used in a permissive units shown throughout this sub- sense to state authority or permission chapter are generally not abbreviated. to do the act described, and the words (c) Conversion values. (1) Conversion ‘‘no person may * * *’’ or ‘‘a person values are provided in the following may not * * *’’ means that no person is table and are based on values provided required, authorized, or permitted to in ASTM E 380, ‘‘Standard for Metric do the act described; and Practice’’. (5) ‘‘Includes’’ is used as a word of in- (2) If an exact conversion is needed, clusion not limitation. the following conversion table should [Amdt. 171–32, 41 FR 15996, Apr. 15, 1976, as be used. amended by Amdt. 171–32A, 41 FR 40630, Sept. 20, 1976; Amdt. 171–121, 58 FR 51528, Oct. 1, 1993; 75 FR 60338, Sept. 30, 2010]

TABLE OF CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SI UNITS

Measurement SI to U.S. standard U.S. standard to SI

Activity ...... 1 TBq=27 Ci ...... 1 Ci=0.037 TBq Length ...... 1 cm=0.3937008 in ...... 1 in=2.540000 cm 1 m=3.280840 ft ...... 1 ft=0.3048000 m Thickness ...... 1 mm=0.03937008 in ...... 1 in=25.40000 mm Mass (weight) ...... 1 kg=2.204622 lb ...... 1 lb=0.4535924 kg 1 g=0.03527397 oz ...... 1 oz=28.34952 g Pressure ...... 1 kPa=0.1450377 psi ...... 1 psi=6.894757 kPa 1 Bar=100 kPa=14.504 psi ...... 1 psi=0.06895 Bar 1 kPa=7.5 mm Hg ...... Radiation level ...... 1 Sv/hr=100 rem/hr ...... 1 rem/hr=0.01 Sv/hr Volume (liquid) ...... 1 L=0.2641720 gal ...... 1 gal=3.785412 L 1 mL=0.03381402 oz ...... 1 oz=29.57353 mL 1 m3=35.31466 ft3 ...... 1 ft3=0.02831685 m3 Density ...... 1 kg/m3=0.06242797 lb/ft3 ...... 1 lb/ft3=16.01846 kg/m3 Force ...... 1 Newton = 0.2248 Pound-force ...... 1 Pound-force=4.483 N Abbreviation for units of measure are as follows: Unit of measure and abbreviation: (SI): millimeter, mm; centimeter, cm; meter, m; gram, g; kilogram, kg; kiloPascal, kPa; liter, L; milliliter, mL; cubic meter, m3; Terabecquerel, TBq; Gigabecquerel, GBq; millisievert, mSv; Newton, N; (U.S.): Inch, in; foot, ft; ounce, oz; pound, lb; psig, psi; gallon, gal; cubic feet, ft 3; Curie, Ci; millicurie, mCi; millirem, mrem.

[Amdt. 171–111, 56 FR 66159, Dec. 20, 1991, as amended by Amdt. 171–136, 60 FR 49108, Sept. 21, 1995; Amdt. 171–135, 60 FR 50302, Sept. 28, 1995; 66 FR 33335, June 21, 2001; 66 FR 45378, Aug. 28, 2001; 68 FR 75740, Dec. 31, 2003]

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