B. Cereus, Généralités
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The Role of Earthworm Gut-Associated Microorganisms in the Fate of Prions in Soil
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORM GUT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS IN THE FATE OF PRIONS IN SOIL Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Taras Jur’evič Nechitaylo aus Krasnodar, Russland 2 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Timmis for his guidance in the work and help. I thank Peter N. Golyshin for patience and strong support on this way. Many thanks to my other colleagues, which also taught me and made the life in the lab and studies easy: Manuel Ferrer, Alex Neef, Angelika Arnscheidt, Olga Golyshina, Tanja Chernikova, Christoph Gertler, Agnes Waliczek, Britta Scheithauer, Julia Sabirova, Oleg Kotsurbenko, and other wonderful labmates. I am also grateful to Michail Yakimov and Vitor Martins dos Santos for useful discussions and suggestions. I am very obliged to my family: my parents and my brother, my parents on low and of course to my wife, which made all of their best to support me. 3 Summary.....................................................………………………………………………... 5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................……... 7 Prion diseases: early hypotheses...………...………………..........…......…......……….. 7 The basics of the prion concept………………………………………………….……... 8 Putative prion dissemination pathways………………………………………….……... 10 Earthworms: a putative factor of the dissemination of TSE infectivity in soil?.………. 11 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Materials and Methods.............................…......................................................……….. 17 2.1 Sampling and general experimental design..................................................………. 17 2.2 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)………..……………………….………. 18 2.2.1 FISH with soil, intestine, and casts samples…………………………….……... 18 Isolation of cells from environmental samples…………………………….………. -
Bacillus Pycnus Spa Nov. and Bacillus Neidei Spa Nov., Round-Spored
674 International Journal ofSystematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002),52,501-505 DOl: 10.1099/ijs.0.01836-0 Bacillus pycnus Spa nov. and Bacillus neidei Spa NOTE nov., round-spored bacteria from soil 1 Microbial Properties L. K. Nakamura,1 O. Shida/ H. Takagi2 and K. Komagata3 Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Author for correspondence: L K. Nakamura. Tel: + 13096816395. Fax: + 13096816672. IL 61604, USA e-mail: nakamulki"mail.ncaur.usda.gov 2 Research Laboratory, Higeta Shoyu Co. Ltd, Bacillus sphaericus sensu lato currently consists of seven or more groups of Choshi, Chiba 288, Japan unrelated taxa, one of which is B. sphaericus sensu stricto and another of 3 Department of which is Bacillus fusiformis. Members of two groups (groups 6 and 7), in Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of common with all other B. sphaericus-like organisms, are unable to grow Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, anaerobically or to use common hexoses, pentoses and hexitols as sources of Tokyo 156, Japan carbon, have G+C contents of 34-36 mol % and form round spores. Groups 6 and 7 can be differentiated from other B. sphaericus-like organisms by low DNA relatedness and by variations in whole-cell fatty acid composition. Unique characteristics of group 6 include the ability to oxidize fi-hydroxybutyrate, the non-requirement for biotin and thiamin and failure to grow in 5 % NaCI. Distinctive traits of group 7 include the inability to oxidize pyruvate and a requirement for biotin, thiamin and cystine for growth. These data show that groups 6 and 7 represent two novel species, for which the names Bacillus pycnus sp. -
Food Waste Composting and Microbial Community Structure Profiling
processes Review Food Waste Composting and Microbial Community Structure Profiling Kishneth Palaniveloo 1,* , Muhammad Azri Amran 1, Nur Azeyanti Norhashim 1 , Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi 1,2, Fang Peng-Hui 3, Low Hui-Wen 3, Yap Kai-Lin 3, Looi Jiale 3, Melissa Goh Chian-Yee 3, Lai Jing-Yi 3, Baskaran Gunasekaran 3,* and Shariza Abdul Razak 4,* 1 Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, University of Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; [email protected] (M.A.A.); [email protected] (N.A.N.) 2 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University (South Wing), Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; [email protected] (F.P.-H.); [email protected] (L.H.-W.); [email protected] (Y.K.-L.); [email protected] (L.J.); [email protected] (M.G.C.-Y.); [email protected] (L.J.-Y.) 4 Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.P.); [email protected] (B.G.); [email protected] (S.A.R.); Tel.: +60-3-7967-4640 (K.P.); +60-16-323-4159 (B.G.); +60-19-964-4043 (S.A.R.) Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 16 June 2020; Published: 22 June 2020 Abstract: Over the last decade, food waste has been one of the major issues globally as it brings a negative impact on the environment and health. -
Mai Muun Muntant Un an to the Man Uniti
MAIMUUN MUNTANTUS009855303B2 UN AN TO THEMAN UNITI (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 , 855 ,303 B2 McKenzie et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: * Jan . 2 , 2018 ( 54 ) COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS (58 ) Field of Classification Search ??? . A61K 35 / 742 (71 ) Applicant : SERES THERAPEUTICS , INC . , See application file for complete search history . Cambridge, MA (US ) (72 ) Inventors : Gregory McKenzie , Arlington , MA ( 56 ) References Cited (US ) ; Mary - Jane Lombardo McKenzie , Arlington , MA (US ) ; David U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS N . Cook , Brooklyn , NY (US ) ; Marin 3 ,009 , 864 A 11 / 1961 Gordon - Aldterton et al. Vulic , Boston , MA (US ) ; Geoffrey von 3 ,228 , 838 A 1 / 1966 Rinfret Maltzahn , Boston , MA (US ) ; Brian 3 ,608 ,030 A 9 / 1971 Tint Goodman , Boston , MA (US ) ; John 4 ,077 , 227 A 3 / 1978 Larson Grant Aunins , Doylestown , PA (US ) ; 4 , 205 , 132 A 5 / 1980 Sandine Matthew R . Henn , Somerville , MA 4 ,655 ,047 A 4 / 1987 Temple (US ) ; David Arthur Berry , Brookline , 4 ,689 , 226 A 8 / 1987 Nurmi MA (US ) ; Jonathan Winkler , Boston , 4 ,839 , 281 A 6 / 1989 Gorbach et al . 5 , 196 , 205 A 3 / 1993 Borody MA (US ) 5 , 425 , 951 A 6 / 1995 Goodrich 5 ,436 ,002 A 7 / 1995 Payne ( 73 ) Assignee : Seres Therapeutics , Inc ., Cambridge , 5 ,443 ,826 A 8 / 1995 Borody MA (US ) 5 , 599 , 795 A 2 / 1997 McCann 5 ,648 ,206 A 7 / 1997 Goodrich ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this 5 , 951 , 977 A 9 / 1999 Nisbet et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5 , 965 , 128 A 10 / 1999 Doyle et al . -
Biomineralization Mediated by Ureolytic Bacteria Applied to Water Treatment: a Review
crystals Review Biomineralization Mediated by Ureolytic Bacteria Applied to Water Treatment: A Review Dayana Arias 1,2 ID , Luis A. Cisternas 2,3 ID and Mariella Rivas 1,3,* 1 Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology & Sustainability, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Process, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; [email protected] 3 Science and Technology Research Center for Mining CICITEM, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Jolanta Prywer Received: 6 October 2017; Accepted: 4 November 2017; Published: 17 November 2017 Abstract: The formation of minerals such as calcite and struvite through the hydrolysis of urea catalyzed by ureolytic bacteria is a simple and easy way to control mechanisms, which has been extensively explored with promising applications in various areas such as the improvement of cement and sandy materials. This review presents the detailed mechanism of the biominerals production by ureolytic bacteria and its applications to the wastewater, groundwater and seawater treatment. In addition, an interesting application is the use of these ureolytic bacteria in the removal of heavy metals and rare earths from groundwater, the removal of calcium and recovery of phosphate from wastewater, and its potential use as a tool for partial biodesalination of seawater and saline aquifers. Finally, we discuss the benefits of using biomineralization processes in water treatment as well as the challenges to be solved in order to reach a successful commercialization of this technology. Keywords: biomineralization; calcite; seawater; wastewater; heavy metals removal; biodesalination 1. -
WO 2016/086210 Al 2 June 2016 (02.06.2016) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/086210 Al 2 June 2016 (02.06.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agents: MELLO, Jill, Ann et al; McCarter & English, A61P 1/00 (2006.01) A61P 37/00 (2006.01) LLP, 265 Franklin Street, Boston, MA 021 10 (US). A61P 29/00 (2006.01) A61K 35/74 (2015.01) (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (21) International Application Number: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, PCT/US20 15/0628 10 AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (22) International Filing Date: DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, 25 November 2015 (25.1 1.2015) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (25) Filing Language: English KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (26) Publication Language: English PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (30) Priority Data: SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, 62/084,537 25 November 2014 (25. 11.2014) US TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. 62/084,536 25 November 2014 (25. -
Genome Diversity of Spore-Forming Firmicutes MICHAEL Y
Genome Diversity of Spore-Forming Firmicutes MICHAEL Y. GALPERIN National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894 ABSTRACT Formation of heat-resistant endospores is a specific Vibrio subtilis (and also Vibrio bacillus), Ferdinand Cohn property of the members of the phylum Firmicutes (low-G+C assigned it to the genus Bacillus and family Bacillaceae, Gram-positive bacteria). It is found in representatives of four specifically noting the existence of heat-sensitive vegeta- different classes of Firmicutes, Bacilli, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, tive cells and heat-resistant endospores (see reference 1). and Negativicutes, which all encode similar sets of core sporulation fi proteins. Each of these classes also includes non-spore-forming Soon after that, Robert Koch identi ed Bacillus anthracis organisms that sometimes belong to the same genus or even as the causative agent of anthrax in cattle and the species as their spore-forming relatives. This chapter reviews the endospores as a means of the propagation of this orga- diversity of the members of phylum Firmicutes, its current taxon- nism among its hosts. In subsequent studies, the ability to omy, and the status of genome-sequencing projects for various form endospores, the specific purple staining by crystal subgroups within the phylum. It also discusses the evolution of the violet-iodine (Gram-positive staining, reflecting the pres- Firmicutes from their apparently spore-forming common ancestor ence of a thick peptidoglycan layer and the absence of and the independent loss of sporulation genes in several different lineages (staphylococci, streptococci, listeria, lactobacilli, an outer membrane), and the relatively low (typically ruminococci) in the course of their adaptation to the saprophytic less than 50%) molar fraction of guanine and cytosine lifestyle in a nutrient-rich environment. -
12092016 Ni Xiang Phd Dissertation.Pdf
Biological Control Potential of Spore-forming Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Suppressing Meloidogyne incognita on Cotton and Heterodera glycines on Soybean by Ni Xiang A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 10, 2016 Keywords: biological control, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Meloidogyne incognita, cotton, Heterodera glycines, soybean Copyright 2016 by Ni Xiang Approved by Kathy S. Lawrence, Chair, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology Joseph W. Kloepper, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology Edward J. Sikora, Professor of Entomology and Plant Pathology David B. Weaver, Professor of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences Dennis P. Delaney, Extension Specialist of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences Abstract The objective of this study was to screen a library of PGPR strains to determine activity to plant-parasitic nematodes with the ultimate goal of identifying new PGPR strains that could be developed into biological nematicide products. Initially a rapid assay was needed to distinguish between live and dead second stage juveniles (J2) of H. glycines and M. incognita. Once the assay was developed, PGPR strains were evaluated in vitro and selected for further evaluation in greenhouse, microplot, and field conditions. Three sodium solutions, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were evaluated to distinguish between viable live and dead H. glycines and M. incognita J2. The sodium solutions applied to the live J2 stimulated the J2 to twist their bodies in a curling shape and increased movement activity. Optimum movement of H. glycines was observed with the application of 1 µl of Na2CO3 (pH =10) added to the 100 µl suspension. -
Characterization of Ureolytic Bacteria Isolated from Limestone Caves of Sarawak and Evaluation of Their Efficiency in Biocementation
CHARACTERIZATION OF UREOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM LIMESTONE CAVES OF SARAWAK AND EVALUATION OF THEIR EFFICIENCY IN BIOCEMENTATION By ARMSTRONG IGHODALO OMOREGIE A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Research) Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2016 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and characterise bacteria that are capable of producing urease enzyme, from limestone cave samples of Sarawak. Little is known about the diversity of bacteria inhabiting Sarawak’s limestone caves with the ability of hydrolyzing urea substrate through urease for microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) applications. Several studies have reported that the majority of ureolytic bacterial species involved in calcite precipitation are pathogenic. However, only a few non-pathogenic urease-producing bacteria have high urease activities, essential in MICP treatment for improvement of soil’s shear strength and stiffness. Enrichment culture technique was used in this study to target highly active urease- producing bacteria from limestone cave samples of Sarawak collected from Fairy and Wind Caves Nature Reserves. These isolates were subsequently subjected to an increased urea concentration for survival ability in conditions containing high urea substrates. Urea agar base media was used to screen for positive urease producers among the bacterial isolates. All the ureolytic bacteria were identified with the use of phenotypic and molecular characterizations. For determination of their respective urease activities, conductivity method was used and the highly active ureolytic bacteria isolated comparable with control strain used in this study were selected and used for the next subsequent experiments in this study. -
Manganese-II Oxidation and Copper-II Resistance in Endospore Forming Firmicutes Isolated from Uncontaminated Environmental Sites
AIMS Environmental Science, 3(2): 220-238. DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2016.2.220 Received 21 January 2016, Accepted 05 April 2016, Published 12 April 2016 http://www.aimspress.com/journal/environmental Research article Manganese-II oxidation and Copper-II resistance in endospore forming Firmicutes isolated from uncontaminated environmental sites Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan 1,†, Sevasti Filippidou 1,†, Thomas Junier 1,2, Patricio Muñoz Rufatt 1, Nicole Jeanneret 1, Tina Wunderlin 1, Nathalie Sieber 1, Cristina Dorador 3 and Pilar Junier 1,* 1 Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland 2 Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1000 Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional; Departamento de Biotecnología; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta; CL-, 1270190, Antofagasta, Chile * Correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +41-32-718-2244; Fax: +41-32-718-3001. † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The accumulation of metals in natural environments is a growing concern of modern societies since they constitute persistent, non-degradable contaminants. Microorganisms are involved in redox processes and participate to the biogeochemical cycling of metals. Some endospore-forming Firmicutes (EFF) are known to oxidize and reduce specific metals and have been isolated from metal-contaminated sites. However, whether EFF isolated from uncontaminated sites have the same capabilities has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we measured manganese oxidation and copper resistance of aerobic EFF from uncontaminated sites. For the purposes of this study we have sampled 22 natural habitats and isolated 109 EFF strains. -
Improving the Strength of Sandy Soils Via Ureolytic Caco3 Solidification by Sporosarcina Ureae
Improving the Strength of Sandy Soils via Ureolytic CaCO3 Solidification by Sporosarcina ureae Justin Michael Whitaker1, Sai Vanapalli2, and Danielle Fortin1; 5 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (413-ARC). University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada 2Department of Civil Engineering (A015-CBY). University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, ON, Canada 10 Correspondence to: D. Fortin ([email protected]) Key words: Urease, calcite precipitation, MICP, Sporosarcina, Bacillus, biomineralisation, biofilm Abstract 15 'Microbial induced carbonate precipitation' (MICP) is a biogeochemical process that can be applied to strengthen materials. The hydrolysis of urea by microbial catalysis to form carbonate is a commonly studied example of MICP. In this study, Sporosarcina ureae, a ureolytic organism, was compared to other ureolytic and non-ureolytic organisms of Bacillus and Sporosarcina in the assessment of its ability to produce carbonates by ureolytic MICP for 20 ground reinforcement. It was found that S. ureae grew optimally in alkaline (pH ~9.0) conditions which favoured MICP and could degrade urea (units [U] /mL = µmol/min.mL.OD600) at levels (30.28 U/mL) similar to S. pasteurii (32.76 U/mL), the model ureolytic MICP organism. When cells of S. ureae were concentrated (OD600 ~15-20) and mixed with cementation medium containing 0.5 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) and urea into a model sand, repeated treatments (3 x 24 h) were able to improve the confined direct shear strength of samples from 15.77 kPa to as much as 135.80 kPa. This was more 25 than any other organism observed in the study. Imaging of the reinforced samples with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the successful precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), across sand particles by S. -
Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin
microorganisms Article Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin Lei Gao 1,2, Jinbiao Ma 1 , Yonghong Liu 1 , Yin Huang 1, Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad 1 , Hongchen Jiang 1,3 , Dilfuza Egamberdieva 4,5 , Wenjun Li 1,6,* and Li Li 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; [email protected] (L.G.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (Y.H.); [email protected] (O.A.A.M.); [email protected] (H.J.) 2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 4 Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan; [email protected] 5 Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany 6 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.L.); [email protected] (L.L.) Abstract: Endophytes associated with halophytes may contribute to the host’s adaptation to adverse Citation: Gao, L.; Ma, J.; Liu, Y.; environmental conditions through improving their stress tolerance and protecting them from various Huang, Y.; Mohamad, O.A.A.; Jiang, soil-borne pathogens. In this study, the diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria H.; Egamberdieva, D.; Li, W.; Li, L.