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The Infinitive in Biblical Hebrew
BHLaP 2 June 26-28, 2018 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Infinitive in Biblical Hebrew Edit Doron, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1. Introduction Biblical Hebrew (BH) verbal forms manifest rich inflection within the finite (Fin) clause, encoding the functional categories of temporality (T), mood (Mood), grammatical aspect (Asp), and modality (Mod). These categories have been widely discussed in the literature, and their relative role is still under debate (recently Hatav 1997, 2008, Joosten 2002, Cook 2006, 2012 and others). In particular, Asp and Mod have proven hard to disentangle in the morphology of the BH verb. The present work will reflect this by assuming that these two categories are composed together as Asp/Mod (AM) in the inflection of the verb. Objectives of the paper are to show that: I. The same functional categories which determine the inflection of the BH finite verb also determine the feature specification of the BH infinitive. (In particular, the functional categories of the BH infinitive are clausal rather than nominal (section 4).) II. BH has a single infinitive combined with different inflectional categories, yielding the so-called Infinitive Absolute and Infinitive Construct, which, together with the finite (Fin) verb, gives rise to 4 clause types: Fin, Poss-inf, PRO-inf, and Nom-inf. III. These clause types are classified by their highest functional projection TFin, T, AM, Mood, which accounts for their distribution. IV. There is a concomitant 4-way alternation of attachment options of subject and object clitics to the verb: [+Scl+Ocl], [+Scl−Ocl], [−Scl+Ocl], [−Scl−Ocl]. The examples in (1) illustrate, using the same verb remember, the Fin and infinitival clause types in their typical functions. -
1 Doron, Edit, Malka Rappaport Hovav, Yael Reshef, and Moshe Taube
Doron, Edit, Malka Rappaport Hovav, Yael Reshef, and Moshe Taube (eds.). 2019. Linguistic Contact, Continuity and Change in the Genesis of Modern Hebrew. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 1. Introduction Edit Doron, Malka Rappaport Hovav, Yael Reshef, and Moshe Taube 1.1 Hebrew and the question of language continuity This volume discusses empirical and theoretical issues having to do with the emergence of Modern Hebrew (MH) and with phenomena in other languages which shed light on the special case of Hebrew. The emergence of MH is an unprecedented phenomenon in that it is the only documented case of a language which had no native speakers for over a millennium and subsequently became the native language of an entire society (see the historical overview in 1.3 below). Despite the fact that Hebrew ceased to be a spoken language in the 3rd century CE, the language continued to be used, not only as a sacred liturgical language used in rote, but as a written language which produced new texts over the ages in both religious and secular matters. Today MH is the native language of the majority of speakers in Israel and is estimated to have over 9 million speakers around the world. It is developing as any other language in a multi-cultural setting and is thus not inherently different from any other spoken language. However, the history of the language over the ages is unique in many respects. The research reported in this volume probes issues which can further our understanding of the nature of Hebrew over the ages and the relation of MH to the Hebrew of earlier stages. -
TWO FORMS of "BE" in MALAYALAM1 Tara Mohanan and K.P
TWO FORMS OF "BE" IN MALAYALAM1 Tara Mohanan and K.P. Mohanan National University of Singapore 1. INTRODUCTION Malayalam has two verbs, uNTE and aaNE, recognized in the literature as copulas (Asher 1968, Variar 1979, Asher and Kumari 1997, among others). There is among speakers of Malayalam a clear, intuitively perceived meaning difference between the verbs. One strong intuition is that uNTE and aaNE correspond to the English verbs "have" and "be"; another is that they should be viewed as the "existential" and "equative" copulas respectively.2 However, in a large number of contexts, these verbs appear to be interchangeable. This has thwarted the efforts of a clear characterization of the meanings of the two verbs. In this paper, we will explore a variety of syntactic and semantic environments that shed light on the differences between the constructions with aaNE and uNTE. On the basis of the asymmetries we lay out, we will re-affirm the intuition that aaNE and uNTE are indeed equative and existential copulas respectively, with aaNE signaling the meaning of “x is an element/subset of y" and uNTE signaling the meaning of existence of an abstract or concrete entity in the fields of location or possession. We will show that when aaNE is interchangable with uNTE in existential clauses, its function is that of a cleft marker, with the existential meaning expressed independently by the case markers on the nouns. Central to our exploration of the two copulas is the discovery of four types of existential clauses in Malayalam, namely: Neutral: with the existential verb uNTE. -
University of California, San Diego
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO An Experimental Approach to Variation and Variability in Constituent Order A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics by Savithry Namboodiripad Committee in charge: Professor Grant Goodall, Chair Professor Farrell Ackerman Professor Victor Ferreira Professor Robert Kluender Professor John Moore 2017 Copyright Savithry Namboodiripad, 2017 All rights reserved. The dissertation of Savithry Namboodiripad is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on micro- film and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2017 iii DEDICATION iv EPIGRAPH (1) kaïãu: ña:n si:t”e: saw I Sita.ACC VERB SUBJECT OBJECT ‘I saw Sita’ Hanuman to Raman, needing to emphasize that he saw Sita The Ramayana (Malayalam translation) “borrowing (or diffusion, or calquing) of grammar in language contact is not a unitary mechanism of language change. Rather, it is a condition – or an externally motivated situation – under which the above three mechanisms [reanalysis, reinterpretation (or extension) and grammaticalization] can apply in an orderly and systematic way. The status of categories in the languages in contact is what determines the choice of a mechanism [...]”. Aikhenvald (2003) v TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page................................... iii Dedication...................................... iv Epigraph.......................................v Table of Contents.................................. vi List of Figures................................... -
The Role of Syriac in India Before the Portuguese Period
ARAM, 21 (2009) 289-321. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.21.0.2047097 CLASSICAL SYRIAC AS A MODERN LINGUA FRANCA IN SOUTH INDIA BETWEEN 1600 AND 20061 Dr. ISTVÁN PERCZEL (University of Tübingen & Central European University, Budapest) I. INTRODUCTION: THE ROLE OF SYRIAC IN INDIA BEFORE THE PORTUGUESE PERIOD In South India there lives one of the most ancient Christian communities of the world. According to its own founding traditions it consists of two ele- ments: a majority descending from autochthonous Indian populations, among whom the first members were converted – according to tradition – by the Apostle Saint Thomas, and a minority descending from Syrian colonists who – once again according to the local tradition – arrived in India through the sea routes from Persia using the monsoon winds. These two communities are called the Northists (Vadakkumbhagar), that is, the autochthonous Indians, and 1 In whatever new material is presented in this study, the author has no personal merit. This material is the fruit of the joint efforts of a team, which, recently, has founded an Indian Asso- ciation for the Preservation of the Saint Thomas Christian Heritage. Unfortunately, each and every one of those who are working in the folds of and for this Association cannot be remem- bered by name. To mention only a few among many, particular gratitude is due on the part of the author to the following: to Mar Aprem, Honorary President of the Association, to whom he owes all his knowledge on the Chaldean Syrian Church in Thrissur and its antecedents, as well as on its documents; to His Beatitude, Baselios Thomas I, the Catholicos of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church of India, who gave him access to Syrian Orthodox collections and inscrip- tions and who graciously allowed their publication; to Cardinal Joseph Varkey Vittayatthil and Bishop Thomas Chakiath, who gave him access to the Syro-Malabar collections; to the Prior and the Librarian of Saint Joseph’s Monastery Mannanam, Frs. -
The Faculty of Humanities
The Faculty of Humanities Department of Linguistics Self-Evaluation Report December 2011 Executive Summary A short summary of the main strengths and weaknesses that were pointed out in the self- evaluation process. The Department of Linguistics of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem consists of two programs (‘tracks’), each with its own scientific and pedagogical approach. This structure is the result of the merge of two programs, the Linguistics Department (now the ‘Structural track’) and the linguistics track of the Department of English Language and Literature (now the ‘Generative track’), both of which house faculty members with diverse specializations who work in a number of theoretical and methodological frameworks. Since the merge is very recent (since 2008) these two tracks are at present very much autonomous within the department in terms of programs of study, the setting of goals and learning outcomes, evaluation processes, and – in principle – hiring; moreover, they are quite different in terms of academic culture. This diversity is one of our main strengths: nowhere in Israel does this combination of theoretical and methodological approaches exist, and it is also rare abroad, where departments tend on the whole to be either generative or non-generative. We strongly feel that the unique make-up of our department, with a cadre of linguists who specialize in careful descriptive analysis of specific languages, as well as in typological, historical and comparative treatment of several languages, on the one hand, and linguists working in more cognitively and formally oriented frameworks, on the other, provides the basis for the development of an extremely strong department offering a wide range of opportunities to students with varying academic interests. -
GOO-80-02119 392P
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 228 863 FL 013 634 AUTHOR Hatfield, Deborah H.; And Others TITLE A Survey of Materials for the Study of theUncommonly Taught Languages: Supplement, 1976-1981. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, D.C.Div. of International Education. PUB DATE Jul 82 CONTRACT GOO-79-03415; GOO-80-02119 NOTE 392p.; For related documents, see ED 130 537-538, ED 132 833-835, ED 132 860, and ED 166 949-950. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; Dictionaries; *InStructional Materials; Postsecondary Edtmation; *Second Language Instruction; Textbooks; *Uncommonly Taught Languages ABSTRACT This annotated bibliography is a supplement tothe previous survey published in 1976. It coverslanguages and language groups in the following divisions:(1) Western Europe/Pidgins and Creoles (European-based); (2) Eastern Europeand the Soviet Union; (3) the Middle East and North Africa; (4) SouthAsia;(5) Eastern Asia; (6) Sub-Saharan Africa; (7) SoutheastAsia and the Pacific; and (8) North, Central, and South Anerica. The primaryemphasis of the bibliography is on materials for the use of theadult learner whose native language is English. Under each languageheading, the items are arranged as follows:teaching materials, readers, grammars, and dictionaries. The annotations are descriptive.Whenever possible, each entry contains standardbibliographical information, including notations about reprints and accompanyingtapes/records -
The Malabari Jews of Kerala: a Study in Cochin
THE MALABARI JEWS OF KERALA: A STUDY IN COCHIN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of MASTERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2017-2019 Submitted By Jahnavi Nair Exam code: SO245 Candidate Code: 56016115005 Subject Code: 560 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Dr. SAJI P. JACOB LOYOLA COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, TRIVANDRUM- 695017, KERALA UNIVERSITY OF KERALA DECLARATION I, JAHNAVI NAIR , do hereby declare that the dissertation titled“The Malabari Jews of Kerala: A study in Cochin” is based on the original work carried out by me and submitted to the University of Kerala during the year 2017-2019 towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree Examination in Sociology. It has not been submitted for the award of any degree, diploma, fellowship or other similar title of recognition before any university or anywhere else. Thiruvananthapuram Ms. Jahnavi Nair 23/09/2019 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This is to certify that the work embodied in this dissertation entitled “The Malabari Jews of Kerala: A study in Cochin” has been carried out by Ms. Jahnavi Nair of fourth semester, Master of Sociology under my supervision and guidance that is hereby approved for submission. Dr. Saji P Jacob Staff Guide Department of Sociology Loyola College of Social Sciences Thiruvananthapuram Recommended for forwarding to the University of Kerala Dr. Nisha Jolly Nelson Head of the department of Sociology Loyola College of Social Sciences Thiruvananthapuram Recommended for forwarding to the University of Kerala Dr. Saji P. Jacob Principal Loyola College of Social Sciences Thiruvananthapuram 23/09/2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This dissertation is a result of the right blend of guidance and help received from many individuals which has increased my knowledge dimensions. -
Fading Memories and Linguistic Fossils in the Religiolect of Kerala Jews 85
First published in Oral History Meets Linguistics, edited by Erich Kasten, Katja Rol- ler, and Joshua Wilbur 2017, 83–105. Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien. — Electronic edition FADING MEMORIES AND LINGUISTIC FOSSILS 4 IN THE RELIGIOLECT OF KERALA JEWS Ophira Gamliel Introduction Jewish presence on the West Coast of South India is documented back to the ninth century CE, when the dialects of South-Dravidian assumed their distinctive features marking the beginning of the Malayalam language (Ayyar 1993: 18–9; Sekhar 1951; Krishnamurti 2003: 2). The oldest Jewish compositions in Malayalam are compara- ble in language and style with Old Malayalam literature and, therefore, predate the fifteenth century (Gamliel 2015: 509). In 1954, Malayalam speaking Jews migrated en masse to Israel, gradually giving way to Modern Hebrew. Like other Jewish communi- ties with such a long history, Kerala Jews also developed their own distinctively Jewish dialect or, more accurately, religiolect (Gamliel 2009). Presently, Jewish Malayalam is in a moribund stage with less than 500 speakers in varying degrees of fluency. The chapter describes the documentation of this fading religiolect. Section 1 discusses the term religiolect and the position of Jewish Malayalam on the spectrum of Jewish languages. Section 2 explains the motives for implementing the approach of language documentation (Himmelmann 1998; Gippert, Himmel- mann and Mosel 2006; Messineo 2008; Austin 2014, 2015). Section 3 utilizes historical linguistics based on the audio database of Jewish Malayalam. Section 4 draws upon the database for the study of Kerala Jewish oral history. Finally, Section 5 concludes with the implications of the study of religiolects for the history of religious minorities with Jewish Malayalam as a case study. -
Phonological Features of Arabi-Malayalam Dr
====================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 17:12 December 2017 India’s Higher Education Authority UGC Approved List of Journals Serial Number 49042 ===================================================================== Phonological Features of Arabi-Malayalam Dr. Saidalavi Cheerangote =============================================== Abstract This paper intends to explore the phonological features of Arabi-Malayalam based on the Arabi-Malayalam prose and poetry. The study evaluates the peculiarities in the phonological treatment of Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian loan words in this mixed language. It aims mainly at exploring the phonological modifications undergone in the loan words and the particular patterns, if any in such incorporation. The analysis reveals that the Arabi-Malayalam utilized and preserved several Proto-Dravidian phonological processes for the assimilation of loanwords. Highly sanskritized modern standard Malayalam has given up several such features. The study concludes that the Arabi-Malayalam has devised its own de-clustering pattern in the incorporation of loan words. As a result of these processes, drastic changes have been made in the surface structure of loan words and the root forms of such words are difficult to be identified. The phonological features of these words and usages are analyzed in order to bring new lights in understanding linguistic features of this Arabi-Malayalam. Key words: Arabi-Malayalam, Mappila dialect, loan words, Proto-Dravidian, Phonological process, Sanskritization. Arabi-Malayalam Arabi-Malayalam (henceforth AM), a mixed language developed among Muslim Community in the Malabar region of Kerala is the linguistic outcome of the cultural contact between Kerala and Arabia. Basically the script used for AM is Arabic. To represent Malayalam phonemes alien to Arabic, some diacritic marks are added to the Arabic script. -
Department of Sanskrit General
1 SREE SANKARACHARYA UNIVERSITY OF SANSKRIT, KALADY RESRUCTURED SYLLABI FOR B.A PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT GENERAL 2015 ONWARDS Faculty of Sanskrit Literature Department of Sanskrit General 2 RESRUCTURED SYLLABI FOR B.A PROGRAMME IN SANSKRIT GENERAL 2015 ONWARDS Semester I Sl. Course Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Code Credits week 1. I.A.101.En. Common English I 4 5 2. I.A.102.En. Common English II 3 4 3. I.A.107.Sg Additional Language 4 4 I- Prose, Poetry and Drama 4. I.B.111.Sg Fundamentals of 3 4 Sanskrit Language 5. I.C.124.Sg A Survey of Classical 3 4 Sanskrit Literature 6. I.C.125.Sg Modern 3 4 Sanskrit Literature 3 Semester II Sl. Course Code Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Credits week 1. II.A.103.En. Common English III 4 5 2. II.A.104.En. Common English IV 3 4 3. II.A.108.Sg Additional Language II- 4 4 Communication Skills in Sanskrit 4. II.B.112.Sg Ancient Indian Metanarrative - 3 4 Bhāsa & Kālidāsa 5. II.C.126.Sg Methodology of Sanskrit 3 4 Learning - Tantrayukti 6. II.C.127.Sg Vṛtta and Alaṅkāra 3 4 Semester III Sl. Course Title of the course No. of Hour per No. Code Credits week 1. III.A.105.En. Common English V 4 5 2. III.A.109.Sg Additional Language III – 4 5 Perennial poetry: Kālidāsa and O.N.V.Kurup 3. III.B.113.Sg Literary appreciation: Indian 4 5 perspectives 4. -
Phonetic Inventory in Malayalam-English Bilingual Children
IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS) e-ISSN: 2320–1959.p- ISSN: 2320–1940 Volume 4, Issue 5 Ver. II (Sep. - Oct. 2015), PP 50-56 www.iosrjournals.org Phonetic Inventory in Malayalam-English Bilingual Children 1Sofia V Sunny, Maslp, 2Satish Kumaraswamy, Asst. Professor &Ph.D SScholar 1.Speech language pathologist & Audiologist, Ephphatha speech and hearing centre, Trissur, Kerala,India 2Assistant Professor, PhD Scholar Dr. M. V. Shetty College of Speech and Hearing Mangalore Karnataka India Abstract: The present study was focused on phonetic inventory in Malayalam English bilingual children with the age range of 3-5 years. The Malayalam diagnostic articulation test was administered to 40 typically developing children. Subjects were divided into two groups with an inter age interval of 12 months (3-4 years, 4-5 years) in urban and rural areas.The results revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) across the age groups and across regions for some phonetics. The performance varied across age groups. As age increased, the scores also increased indicating the inventory of phonetics with the age and regions due to neuromuscular maturation and stimulation (bilingual). However there was no significant difference observed across gender.This study gives the information regarding the phonetic inventory in 3-5 years old Malayalam English bilingual children. Key-words:Phonetic inventory, Bilingual I. Introduction Communication is animportant element in defining humans as a social being. It is mainly an active and planned two way process of exchanging messages. The exchange of information is not possible without a tool which is common to both speaker and listener.