DOCSLIB.ORG

Plasmodial Slime Molds in Alberta by Jim Posey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Plasmodial Slime Molds in Alberta by Jim Posey Iris No. 70 • March 2013 The Alberta Native Plant Council Newsletter Plasmodial Slime Molds in Alberta by Jim Posey All Elements—the most likely place for a definitive list—and could not find any. Turning to the Web, I found several references to an article by Richardson and Currah, “Myxomycetes of Alberta,” and on the University of Alberta Libraries website I finally tracked down a link to it. It turns out that seventy- some species have been collected here. It is likely that there are more, yet to be documented. These Web resources stand out for the information they provide about these species: • The Eumycetozoan Project at the University of Arkansas: http:// slimemold.uark.edu Fuligo septica growing on forbs Photo D. & M. McIvor (Jan. 18, 2013) Plasmodial slime molds sound lovely, demonstrated the ability to navigate • Lado, C. (2005-2013). An online don’t they? Bob MacDonald, on Quirks mazes or to find the shortest network nomenclatural information system and Quarks, characterized them as of paths connecting multiple points of Eumycetozoa. http://www. single-cell organisms the size of a efficiently, plasmodial slime might nomen.eumycetozoa.com Real pizza. That piqued my interest. If one never have made the news, although Jardín Botánico, CSIC. Madrid species, Physarum polycephalum, had not Fuligo septica, or dog vomit slime mold, © 2005-2013. (Jan. 18, 2013) is popular on the Web and does occur in Alberta. • Mushroom Observer species In this Issue . Interesting! list of Myxomycota: http:// mushroomobserver.org/species_ Whitehorse Wildland Park ............................................. 6 I decided to ask how many Discovery of Impoverished Pinweed .......................... 8 list/show_species_list/58?_ Puzzling Pairs: Chickweeds.......................................... 10 of these species occur js=on&_new=true (Jan. 18, 2013) Plant Study Groups ....................................................... 12 naturally here. I looked at [requires Javascript to be enabled] News and Events .......................................................... 13 the Alberta Conservation Annual Workshop Registration Info .......................... 14 Information Management System (ACIMS) List of See Slime Molds, page 2 Slime Molds, from page 1 Catalogue of Life, Global Biodiversity in size from a few millimetres to half Information Facility (GBIF), and a metre in diameter. A net of tubes • Discover Life, IDnature Encyclopedia of Life (EoL), but this arrayed something like veins in a leaf, guide to Mycetozoa: http:// scheme is not used universally. Slime capable of passing through openings as www.discoverlife.org/ molds have traditionally been regarded small as a micrometre is a typical form. mp/20q?guide=Mycetozoa_ as fungi, but are now regarded as GSMNP (Jan. 18, 2013) amoebozoa. Within the group, visually The cell is motile and moves slowly observable features determine the through the environment engulfing • and not least: http://www. taxonomy and the keys in common use. small particles of organic material cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/ This may not reflect their evolution. including decayed plant material, 59575/0037/0363.htm Never mind. You would not want a bacteria, and fungi. Some tubes fan (Jan. 18, 2013) where the first page phylogenetic key to use in the field. out in search of food, others retreat and links to subsequent pages of Higher taxonomic trees ending at where none is found, and larger tubes “Myxomycetes of Alberta” are to plasmodial slime molds include: efficiently exchange nutrients between be found. locations of concentrated food sources. • Natura/Mundus/Naturalia/Biota/ Species that occupy drier environments Not surprisingly, The “Myxomycetes Eukaryota/Protozoa/Myxomycota/ are sheathed in slime. of Alberta” article is not a field guide. Myxomycetes (SN. Myxogastria)/ Discover Life provides an interactive from Systema Naturae 2000 In some species at least, the identification guide that allows you plasmodium leaves a chemical trace to select whatever characters you are • Protozoa/Fossil Amoebozoa/ of its passage (of slime or excreted sure about and then displays a list of Incertae sedis/Incertae sedis/ waste) that the organism avoids, thus remaining possibilities with links to Incertae sedis/Myxomycetes avoiding retracing its steps. This is species pages that provide descriptions, Renault 1895, Myxomycetes how Physarum polycephalum is said to references, distribution maps, and manginii Renault 1896, “remember” which paths have been (often) photographs. If it asked more Myxomycetes shigaphagus explored in a maze. Why does it questions, and did not produce such Salimbeni 1920, Myxomycites connect points efficiently? Since the long lists of possibilities when you’ve Mesch. 1898/ from Index protoplasm streams back and forth answered all the questions, this might be Fungorum inside the cell, from one source of all you need if you have the specimen food to another, short paths conserve and access to the Web side by side, or if • Cellular organisms/Eukaryota/ energy, and it makes sense that all but you have noted the relevant features. Amoebozoa/Mycetozoa/ the shortest paths between points are Myxogastria/ from the US National abandoned. How it does this is another If you have a photograph, you can Center for Biotechnology question. See http://www.youtube. post it to Mushroom Observer with com/watch?v=mvBSkt6LhJE your identification where other • Protozoa/Mycetozo/Myxomycetes for an example of a slime mold users can concur or comment, thus from Species 2000 & ITIS exploring its environment, finding crowd-sourcing confirmation of your Catalogue of Life: May 2012 food, and optimizing connections, identification. or http://www.youtube.com/ There are others. If you’re going to watch?v=czk4xgdhdY4 for a slime For devotees of paper, Myxomycetes: A try to sort this out, you’ll be in good mold initially filling a maze, then Handbook of Slime Molds by Stephenson company. abandoning all but the shortest path & Stempen, provides keys, descriptions, between two food sources. and drawings of the species most likely Life as a Blob to be encountered in North America. Slime Sex It includes species that have not been When they are actively feeding and recorded in Alberta (which could be a growing, Myxomycetes can become The plasmodium can go into a sort of good thing—you might well find a new enormous single cells (plasmodia) with hibernation (called a sclerotium) from one), but does not include twenty-some thousands of nuclei. They start life which it can recover, or transform of those that have been recorded. small, as a zygote with a single nucleus into one of a variety of spore-bearing that divides, and divides again as the structures by differentiating into walled Most resources use the taxonomy cell grows. Plasmodia are often buried of Lado, including Species 2000, in decaying vegetation, and can range See Slime Molds, page 3 2 Iris No. 70 • March 2013 Slime Molds, from page 2 cells, some of which form support structures and die, and others of which become Alberta Native Plant Council haploid spores that are released into the environment. Garneau P.O. 52099 Edmonton, AB T6G 2T5 When the spores germinate they produce cells of two types: amoeba-like and website: www.anpc.ab.ca flagellated. These haploid cells feed and divide, and can become cysts that can e-mail: [email protected] survive for extended periods. Or, they can fuse (this is where sex comes in) when President they encounter one another, amoeboid with amoeboid, and flagellated with Kelly Ostermann [email protected] flagellated, to produce diploid zygotes that become plasmodia within which the nuclei divide and increase in number as the cell gets bigger, bringing the cycle back Vice- President Leslie Monteleone to the beginning. Spores, sclerotia, and cysts are durable and ensure survival when [email protected] conditions are not favourable. Secretary Laurie Hamilton Myxomycetes are unusual among slime molds in that recognition is often possible [email protected] in the field, from their spore-bearing structures (fruiting bodies or frutifications), Treasurer plasmodia, and sclerotia. Other slime molds generally have to be cultured in the Amar Keshri lab and identified using a bright-field microscope when they have produced spores. [email protected] The frutifications often resemble mushrooms, but because they’re generally Directors Marsha Hayward (Northern) 2 mm high, or less, appreciation of their structures requires a good hand lens, field [email protected] microscope, or digital camera with high-resolution macro capabilities. Tony Blake (Central) [email protected] Vacant (Southern) Where Slime Lives Chrissie Smith (Nature Alberta) [email protected] The most common substrata are moist rotten wood and bark of dead trees and Membership Secretary fallen logs, although a variety of other vegetation supports some species. Most Kelly Ostermann species are believed to be widespread, although some are tropical. A distribution [email protected] map usually says more about the distribution of observers and their favourite Volunteer Coordinator haunts, than about the distribution of a slime mold. Eastern and mid-western states Janine Lemire in the U.S. have been more extensively studied than Alberta. As with distribution, [email protected] not a lot is known about their ecology. The collections we have provide less Conservation Action information about habitat and substrate than might be desired. “Wood” is the John
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Protozoologica Special Issue: Protists in Soil Processes
    Acta Protozool. (2012) 51: 201–208 http://www.eko.uj.edu.pl/ap ActA doi:10.4467/16890027AP.12.016.0762 Protozoologica Special issue: Protists in Soil Processes Review paper Ecology of Soil Eumycetozoans Steven L. STEPHENSON1 and Alan FEEST2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA; 2Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Bristol and Ecosulis ltd., Newton St Loe, Bath, United Kingdom Abstract. Eumycetozoans, commonly referred to as slime moulds, are common to abundant organisms in soils. Three groups of slime moulds (myxogastrids, dictyostelids and protostelids) are recognized, and the first two of these are among the most important bacterivores in the soil microhabitat. The purpose of this paper is first to provide a brief description of all three groups and then to review what is known about their distribution and ecology in soils. Key words: Amoebae, bacterivores, dictyostelids, myxogastrids, protostelids. INTRODUCTION that they are amoebozoans and not fungi (Bapteste et al. 2002, Yoon et al. 2008, Baudalf 2008). Three groups of slime moulds (myxogastrids, dic- One of the idiosyncratic branches of the eukary- tyostelids and protostelids) are recognized (Olive 1970, otic tree of life consists of an assemblage of amoe- 1975). Members of the three groups exhibit consider- boid protists referred to as the supergroup Amoebozoa able diversity in the type of aerial spore-bearing struc- (Fiore-Donno et al. 2010). The most diverse members tures produced, which can range from exceedingly of the Amoebozoa are the eumycetozoans, common- small examples (most protostelids) with only a single ly referred to as slime moulds. Since their discovery, spore to the very largest examples (certain myxogas- slime moulds have been variously classified as plants, trids) that contain many millions of spores.
    [Show full text]
  • Myxomycetes NMW 2012Orange, Updated KS 2017.Docx
    Myxomycete (Slime Mould) Collection Amgueddfa Cymru-National Museum Wales (NMW) Alan Orange (2012), updated by Katherine Slade (2017) Myxomycetes (true or plasmodial slime moulds) belong to the Eumycetozoa, within the Amoebozoa, a group of eukaryotes that are basal to a clade containing animals and fungi. Thus although they have traditionally been studied by mycologists they are distant from the true fungi. Arrangement & Nomenclature Slime Mould specimens in NMW are arranged in alphabetical order of the currently accepted name (as of 2012). Names used on specimen packets that are now synonyms are cross referenced in the list below. The collection currently contains 157 Myxomycete species. Specimens are mostly from Britain, with a few from other parts of Europe or from North America. The current standard work for identification of the British species is: Ing, B. 1999. The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland. An Identification Handbook. Slough: Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd. Nomenclature follows the online database of Slime Mould names at www.eumycetozoa.com (accessed 2012). This database is largely in line with Ing (1999). Preservation The feeding stage is a multinucleate motile mass known as a plasmodium. The fruiting stage is a dry, fungus-like structure containing abundant spores. Mature fruiting bodies of Myxomycetes can be collected and dried, and with few exceptions (such as Ceratiomyxa) they preserve well. Plasmodia cannot be preserved, but it is useful to record the colour if possible. Semi-mature fruiting bodies may continue to mature if collected with the substrate and kept in a cool moist chamber. Collected plasmodia are unlikely to fruit. Specimens are stored in boxes to prevent crushing; labels should not be allowed to touch the specimen.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
    Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Myxomycetes from the Black Hills of South Dakota and the Bear Lodge Mountains of Wyoming
    Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 89 (2010) 45 A SURVEY OF MYXOMYCETES FROM THE BLACK HILLS OF SOUTH DAKOTA AND THE BEAR LODGE MOUNTAINS OF WYOMING A. Gabel1*, E. Ebbert2, M. Gabel1 and L. Zierer2 1Biology Department Black Hills State University 1200 University Spearfish, South Dakota 57799 2Deceased *[email protected] ABSTRACT Fruiting bodies of slime molds were collected intermittently from the field from 1990-2009. During the summers of 2007-2009 slime molds also were cultured in moist chambers from downed, decaying wood, dried deciduous leaf litter, and dried grass litter that was gathered three times each summer from four areas at each of the following six sites. Alabaugh Canyon and Boles/Redbird Canyons were dry, prairie/woodlands in Fall River and Custer Counties in the southern Black Hills. Pony Gulch and Spring Creek, in the central hills were moist, broad gulches in Pennington County, and the northern hills sites were Botany Bay and Grigg’s Gulch, narrow, moist canyons in Lawrence County. Contents of a total of 648 cultures were examined. Presence of a species in a culture was considered to be a collection and some cultures contained more than one species. Eighty-two species from both field and culture surveys were identified, and 62 are considered as new records for the Black Hills, and 61 for western South Dakota. Six hundred fifty-seven collections representing 65 spe- cies developed in culture included species from all orders of Myxomycetes. Only five species occurred at a relative abundance > 5% and 20 occurred only once.
    [Show full text]
  • Myxomycetes of Taiwan XXV. the Family Stemonitaceae
    Taiwania, 59(3): 210‒219, 2014 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2014.59.210 RESEARCH ARTICLE Myxomycetes of Taiwan XXV. The Family Stemonitaceae Chin-Hui Liu* and Jong-How Chang Institute of Plant Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 22 February 2014; accepted 30 May 2014) ABSTRACT: Species of ten genera of Stemonitaceae, including Collaria, Comatricha, Enerthenema, Lamproderma, Macbrideola, Paradiacheopsis, Stemonaria, Stemonitis, Stemonitopsis, and Symphytocarpus, collected from Taiwan are critically revised. Of the 42 species recorded, Enerthenema intermedium and Stemonitopsis subcaespitosa are new to Taiwan, thus are described and illustrated in this paper. Keys to the species of all genera, and to the genera of the family are also provided. KEY WORDS: Myxomycetes, Stemonitaceae, Taiwan, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION 4’. Fruiting body more than 0.5 mm tall; sporangia cylindrical …..... 5 5. Outermost branches of capillitium united to form a delicate, complete surface net ………………………...…………. Stemonitis The family Stemonitaceae is a monotypic family of 5’. No surface net ………………………………………... Stemonaria the order Stemonitales. It contains 16 genera and 202 6. Peridium persistent, usually iridescent …………….. Lamproderma species in the world (Lado, 2005–2013). In this paper 6’. Peridium disappearing in mature fruiting bodies, at most leaving a collar or a few flakes ……………………………………………... 7 we present a list of 40 taxa including their ecological 7. Capillitium sparse, not anastomosing, with few branches ………… data compiled from the previous records of this family …………………………………………..……….. Paradiacheopsis in Taiwan and 2 new records of Taiwan, Enerthenema 7’. Capillitium usually abundant, anastomosing ……………….....… 8 intermedium and Stemonitopsis subcaespitosa. 8. Surface net of capillitium present, over at least the lower portion; sporangia cylindrical ………………………………..
    [Show full text]
  • Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi
    Yüzüncü Yıl ÜniversitesiFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Cilt 26, Sayı 1 (Nisan), 1-10, 2021 Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi http://dergipark.gov.tr/yyufbed Research Article (Araştırma Makalesi) Myxomycetes Growing on Culture Logs Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. and Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler Gönül EROĞLU*1, Sinan ALKAN2, Gıyasettin KAŞIK1 1Selçuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 42130, Konya, Turkey 2Selçuk University, Çumra School of Applied Sciences, Organic Agriculture Administration Department, 42500, Konya, Turkey Gönül EROĞLU, ORCID No: 0000-0001-6323-2077, Sinan ALKAN, ORCID No: 0000-0001-7725-1957, Gıyasettin KAŞIK, ORCID No: 0000-0001-8304-6554 *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Article Info Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to identify myxomycetes that develop on natural and synthetic logs used in culture mushroom cultivation. For this study, the logs brought Received: 17.07.2020 from three different regions (Sızma village-Konya, Hadim-Konya, Yenice-Karabük) in Accepted: 22.02.2021 2015 and the synthetic logs were applied the procedure required for culture mushroom Published April 2021 cultivation and then the spawn of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. and Lentinula DOI: edodes (Berk.) Pegler were inoculated to the logs. The inoculated logs were taken to the Keywords mushroom growing room where climatic conditions such as humidity, temperature and Cultivated mushroom, lighting were provided automatically. While checking the growth of the cultivated Myxomycetes, fungi, it was observed that the myxomycetes plasmodium and sporocarp also developed Moist chamber culture on the culture logs. Myxomycetes develop on organic plant debris, which is their natural environment, and are also developed in the laboratory using the moist chamber technique.
    [Show full text]
  • The Occurrence of Myxomycetes on Different Decay Stages of Trunks of Picea Abies, Pinus Sylvestris and Betula Spp. in a Small Oldgrowth Forest in Southern Finland
    Karstenia 42: 13- 22, 2002 The occurrence of myxomycetes on different decay stages of trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland TARJA UKKOLA UKKOLA, T. 2002: The occurrence of myxomycetes on different decay stages of trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula spp. in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland. - Karstenia 42: 13- 22. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. The occurrence of myxomycetes was studied on fallen trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula spp. (B. pendula and B. pubescens) in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland in May 1998 - September 1999. The study site is located in Luukkaa Recreation Area, and was left in pristine state in 1966. The sample trunks were chosen to represent different stages of decomposition and checked every second or fourth > eek in all for 17 times. A total of 325 myxomycete specimens representing 44 taxa in 16 genera were observed. Four taxa, Comatricha pulchella var. fusca, Lycogala exiguum, Licea cf. pus ilia, and Physarum bethelii are new records to Finland. During the study, myxomycetes were most abundant on decomposing trunks of Betula spp. (123 specimens), especially on well-decayed trunks. The species diversity was about the same on all studied tree species: 27 taxa were recorded on P abies and P sylvestris, and 22 on Betula spp. The largest di ersity was on two pine trunks with fairly soft wood (a total of 19 taxa). The common myxomycetes, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa and Lycogala epidendrum, represent generalists in this study, being abundant and present at nearly all decay stages of all studied tree species.
    [Show full text]
  • Slime Moulds
    Queen’s University Biological Station Species List: Slime Molds The current list has been compiled by Richard Aaron, a naturalist and educator from Toronto, who has been running the Fabulous Fall Fungi workshop at QUBS between 2009 and 2019. Dr. Ivy Schoepf, QUBS Research Coordinator, edited the list in 2020 to include full taxonomy and information regarding species’ status using resources from The Natural Heritage Information Centre (April 2018) and The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (February 2018); iNaturalist and GBIF. Contact Ivy to report any errors, omissions and/or new sightings. Based on the aforementioned criteria we can expect to find a total of 33 species of slime molds (kingdom: Protozoa, phylum: Mycetozoa) present at QUBS. Species are Figure 1. One of the most commonly encountered reported using their full taxonomy; common slime mold at QUBS is the Dog Vomit Slime Mold (Fuligo septica). Slime molds are unique in the way name and status, based on whether the species is that they do not have cell walls. Unlike fungi, they of global or provincial concern (see Table 1 for also phagocytose their food before they digest it. details). All species are considered QUBS Photo courtesy of Mark Conboy. residents unless otherwise stated. Table 1. Status classification reported for the amphibians of QUBS. Global status based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species rankings. Provincial status based on Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre SRank. Global Status Provincial Status Extinct (EX) Presumed Extirpated (SX) Extinct in the
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Plasmodial Slime Moulds (Myxogastria): Measurement and Interpretation
    Protistology 1 (4), 161–178 (2000) Protistology August, 2000 Biodiversity of plasmodial slime moulds (Myxogastria): measurement and interpretation Yuri K. Novozhilova, Martin Schnittlerb, InnaV. Zemlianskaiac and Konstantin A. Fefelovd a V.L.Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, b Fairmont State College, Fairmont, West Virginia, U.S.A., c Volgograd Medical Academy, Department of Pharmacology and Botany, Volgograd, Russia, d Ural State University, Department of Botany, Yekaterinburg, Russia Summary For myxomycetes the understanding of their diversity and of their ecological function remains underdeveloped. Various problems in recording myxomycetes and analysis of their diversity are discussed by the examples taken from tundra, boreal, and arid areas of Russia and Kazakhstan. Recent advances in inventory of some regions of these areas are summarised. A rapid technique of moist chamber cultures can be used to obtain quantitative estimates of myxomycete species diversity and species abundance. Substrate sampling and species isolation by the moist chamber technique are indispensable for myxomycete inventory, measurement of species richness, and species abundance. General principles for the analysis of myxomycete diversity are discussed. Key words: slime moulds, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, biodiversity, ecology, distribu- tion, habitats Introduction decay (Madelin, 1984). The life cycle of myxomycetes includes two trophic stages: uninucleate myxoflagellates General patterns of community structure of terrestrial or amoebae, and a multi-nucleate plasmodium (Fig. 1). macro-organisms (plants, animals, and macrofungi) are The entire plasmodium turns almost all into fruit bodies, well known. Some mathematics methods are used for their called sporocarps (sporangia, aethalia, pseudoaethalia, or studying, from which the most popular are the quantita- plasmodiocarps).
    [Show full text]
  • What Substrate Cultures Can Reveal: Myxomycetes and Myxomycete-Like Organisms from the Sultanate of Oman
    Mycosphere 6 (3): 356–384(2015) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2015 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/3/11 What substrate cultures can reveal: Myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms from the Sultanate of Oman Schnittler M1, Novozhilov YK2, Shadwick JDL3, Spiegel FW3, García-Carvajal E4, König P1 1Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany 2V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov St. 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 3University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 4Royal Botanic Garden (CSIC), Plaza de Murillo, 2, Madrid, E-28014, Spain Schnittler M, Novozhilov YK, Shadwick JDL, Spiegel FW, García-Carvajal E, König P 2015 – What substrate cultures can reveal: Myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms from the Sultanate of Oman. Mycosphere 6(3), 356–384, doi 10.5943/mycosphere/6/3/11 Abstract A total of 299 substrate samples collected throughout the Sultanate of Oman were analyzed for myxomycetes and myxomycete-like organisms (MMLO) with a combined approach, preparing one moist chamber culture and one agar culture for each sample. We recovered 8 forms of Myxobacteria, 2 sorocarpic amoebae (Acrasids), 19 known and 6 unknown taxa of protostelioid amoebae (Protostelids), and 50 species of Myxomycetes. Moist chambers and agar cultures completed each other. No method alone can detect the whole diversity of myxomycetes as the most species-rich group of MMLO. A significant overlap between the two methods was observed only for Myxobacteria and some myxomycetes with small sporocarps.
    [Show full text]
  • 9B Taxonomy to Genus
    Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella
    [Show full text]
  • Slime Molds: Biology and Diversity
    Glime, J. M. 2019. Slime Molds: Biology and Diversity. Chapt. 3-1. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological 3-1-1 Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 18 July 2020 and available at <https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 3-1 SLIME MOLDS: BIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS What are Slime Molds? ....................................................................................................................................... 3-1-2 Identification Difficulties ...................................................................................................................................... 3-1- Reproduction and Colonization ........................................................................................................................... 3-1-5 General Life Cycle ....................................................................................................................................... 3-1-6 Seasonal Changes ......................................................................................................................................... 3-1-7 Environmental Stimuli ............................................................................................................................... 3-1-13 Light .................................................................................................................................................... 3-1-13 pH and Volatile Substances
    [Show full text]