Hegel-Jahrbuch 2015
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Mark Schroeder [email protected] 3709 Trousdale Parkway Markschroeder.Net
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ USC School of Philosophy 323.632.8757 (mobile) Mudd Hall of Philosophy Mark Schroeder [email protected] 3709 Trousdale Parkway markschroeder.net Los Angeles, CA 90089-0451 Curriculum Vitae philosophy.academy ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ EDUCATION Ph.D., Philosophy, Princeton University, November 2004, supervised by Gideon Rosen M.A., Philosophy, Princeton University, November 2002 B.A., magna cum laude, Philosophy, Mathematics, and Economics, Carleton College, June 2000 EMPLOYMENT University of Southern California, Professor since December 2011 previously Assistant Professor 8/06 – 4/08, Associate Professor with tenure 4/08 – 12/11 University of Maryland at College Park, Instructor 8/04 – 1/05, Assistant Professor 1/05 – 6/06 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESEARCH INTERESTS My research has focused primarily on metaethics, practical reason, and related areas, particularly including normative ethics, philosophy of language, epistemology, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, the philosophy of action, agency, and responsibility, and the history of ethics. HONORS AND AWARDS Elected to USC chapter of Phi Kappa Phi, 2020; 2017 Phi Kappa Phi Faculty -
To Appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise
Page 1 of 19 To appear in Synthese Probability and Proximity in Surprise Tomoji Shogenji1 Abstract This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome. The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but they are still faced with problems. The new analysis of surprise I propose turns to accuracy (proximity to the truth) and identifies an unexpected degree of inaccuracy as reason for surprise. The shift from probability to proximity allows us to solve puzzles that strain the probabilistic account of surprise. Keywords Qualitative hypothesis ∙ Quantitative hypothesis ∙ Probabilistic hypothesis ∙ Inaccuracy ∙ Scoring rules ∙ Expected inaccuracy 1. Introduction This paper proposes an analysis of surprise formulated in terms of proximity to the truth, to replace the probabilistic account of surprise. It is common to link surprise to the low (prior) probability of the outcome.2 The idea seems sensible because an outcome with a low probability is unexpected, and an unexpected outcome often surprises us. However, the link between surprise and low probability is known to break down in some cases. There have been some attempts to modify the probabilistic account to deal with these cases, but as we shall see, they are still faced with problems. -
Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation
The Mind as a Predictive Modelling Engine: Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation Daniel George Williams Trinity Hall College University of Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 The Mind as a Predictive Modelling Engine: Generative Models, Structural Similarity, and Mental Representation Daniel Williams Abstract I outline and defend a theory of mental representation based on three ideas that I extract from the work of the mid-twentieth century philosopher, psychologist, and cybernetician Kenneth Craik: first, an account of mental representation in terms of idealised models that capitalize on structural similarity to their targets; second, an appreciation of prediction as the core function of such models; and third, a regulatory understanding of brain function. I clarify and elaborate on each of these ideas, relate them to contemporary advances in neuroscience and machine learning, and favourably contrast a predictive model-based theory of mental representation with other prominent accounts of the nature, importance, and functions of mental representations in cognitive science and philosophy. For Marcella Montagnese Preface Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. -
Three Arguments to Think That Faith Does Not Entail Belief
THREE ARGUMENTS TO THINK THAT FAITH DOES NOT ENTAIL BELIEF BY DANIEL HOWARD-SNYDER Abstract: On doxastic theories of propositional faith, necessarily, S has faith that p only if S believes that p. On nondoxastic theories of propositional faith, it’sfalse that, necessarily, S has faith that p only if S believes that p. In this article, I defend three arguments for nondoxastic theories of faith and I respond to published crit- icisms of them. 1. Introduction Pistology is on the rise. The study of the nature and value of faith was once the domain of biblical scholars, theologians, and the occasional philosopher of religion. Not anymore. Epistemologists, moral psychologists, and classicists, along with many philosophers of religion, have gotten into the act, in no small part because faith has become more readily seen as a widespread human phenomenon, rather than just a religious one, something at the center of human flourishing, not just religious flourishing – aviewthe ancient Greeks and Romans held, a view in recovery today (Morgan, 2015; Preston-Roedder, 2018; Tsai, 2017). This renewed scholarly interest in faith thought of as a psychological atti- tude, state, orientation, or trait that can have secular contents or objects, not just religious ones, parallels recent social trends. One example: in his farewell speech, Barack Obama uses the faith lexicon seven times, but only once with religious content. He speaks of ‘faith in reason and enterprise, and the pri- macy of right over might,’ of ‘faith in America and in Americans,’ of ‘faith … in the power of ordinary Americans to bring about change,’ and the like. -
International Journal of Action Research Volume 5, Issue 1, 2009
International Journal of Action Research Volume 5, Issue 1, 2009 Editorial Werner Fricke, Øyvind Pålshaugen 5 Popular Education and Participatory Research: Facing Inequalities in Latin America Danilo R. Streck 13 Organizing – A Strategic Option for Trade Union Renewal? Klaus Dörre, Hajo Holst, Oliver Nachtwey 33 Phronesis as the Sense of the Event Ole Fogh Kirkeby 68 Opening to the World through the Lived Body: Relating Theory and Practice in Organisation Consulting Robert Farrands 114 Book review Olav Eikeland (2008): The Ways of Aristotle. Aristotelian phrónêsis, Aristotelian Philosophy of Dialogue, and Action Research reviewed by Ole Fogh Kirkeby 144 Phronesis as the Sense of the Event Ole Fogh Kirkeby In this article, the Greek concept of phronesis is analyzed on the basis of its philosophical roots, and the indispensability of its strong normative content is emphasized. This creates a distance to most of the recent under- standing of phronesis as prudence, and hence as practical wisdom with a pragmatic and strategic content. The strong dilemmas created by the nor- mative background of real phronesis present management and leadership as a choice in every situation. From this foundation, phronesis is inter- preted as primarily the sense of the event, and an alternative concept of the event is developed. The presentation of the event also demands a theory of the relation of mind and matter, and hence of the body in the event. This is achieved under inspiration from Stoic philosophy. With this in mind, the more serious approaches to practical wisdom: phronesis as determinant of meta-concepts of research; phronesis as a liberating organizational strategy of learning; phronesis as a strategy of knowledge management; phronesis as a narrative strategy; and phronesis as the capacity of the leader, are presented and analyzed. -
An Introduction to Philosophy
An Introduction to Philosophy W. Russ Payne Bellevue College Copyright (cc by nc 4.0) 2015 W. Russ Payne Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document with attribution under the terms of Creative Commons: Attribution Noncommercial 4.0 International or any later version of this license. A copy of the license is found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 1 Contents Introduction ………………………………………………. 3 Chapter 1: What Philosophy Is ………………………….. 5 Chapter 2: How to do Philosophy ………………….……. 11 Chapter 3: Ancient Philosophy ………………….………. 23 Chapter 4: Rationalism ………….………………….……. 38 Chapter 5: Empiricism …………………………………… 50 Chapter 6: Philosophy of Science ………………….…..… 58 Chapter 7: Philosophy of Mind …………………….……. 72 Chapter 8: Love and Happiness …………………….……. 79 Chapter 9: Meta Ethics …………………………………… 94 Chapter 10: Right Action ……………………...…………. 108 Chapter 11: Social Justice …………………………...…… 120 2 Introduction The goal of this text is to present philosophy to newcomers as a living discipline with historical roots. While a few early chapters are historically organized, my goal in the historical chapters is to trace a developmental progression of thought that introduces basic philosophical methods and frames issues that remain relevant today. Later chapters are topically organized. These include philosophy of science and philosophy of mind, areas where philosophy has shown dramatic recent progress. This text concludes with four chapters on ethics, broadly construed. I cover traditional theories of right action in the third of these. Students are first invited first to think about what is good for themselves and their relationships in a chapter of love and happiness. Next a few meta-ethical issues are considered; namely, whether they are moral truths and if so what makes them so. -
Scott Marratto CV
MARRATTO :: CURRICULUM VITAE (UPDATED 1 APRIL 20) SCOTT MARRATTO ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PHILOSOPHY HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY CONTACT INFORMATION • Humanities Department Michigan Technological University 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton, MI 49931-1295 • Phone: (906) 487-2613 • Email: [email protected] • Web: mtu.edu/humanities/department/faculty-staff/faculty/marratto/ AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION AND COMPETENCE • AOS: 19th and 20th Century Continental Philosophy (especially Phenomenology), Social and Political Philosophy • AOC: Philosophy of Science and Technology, Ethics, Ancient Philosophy, Aesthetics, Philosophy of Mind ACADEMIC POSITIONS • Associate Professor of Philosophy, Humanities Department, Michigan Technological University, 2011-present • Director of Graduate Studies in Rhetoric, Theory and Culture, Humanities Department, Michigan Technological University, 2015-2018 • Senior Fellow, Foundation Year Programme, University of King’s College, Halifax, 2010- 2011 • Instructor, Contemporary Studies Programme, University of King’s College, Halifax, 2009-2011 • Teaching Fellow, Foundation Year Programme, University of King’s College, Halifax, 2007-2010 EDUCATION • University of Guelph, PhD, Philosophy (2010) • University of Guelph, MA, Philosophy (2005) • University of Toronto, Special/Non-degree, Philosophy (2001-2) • University of Western Ontario, BA, Sociology (2001) PUBLICATIONS Books 1 MARRATTO :: CURRICULUM VITAE (UPDATED 1 APRIL 20) • The Intercorporeal Self: Merleau-Ponty on Subjectivity. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press (2012). o Reviews: Symposium: Canadian Journal of Continental Philosophy, March (2013); Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, February (2013); Review of Metaphysics 67 (2013); Avant V (2014); Word and Text: A Journal of Literary Studies and Linguistics 3 (2013). • The End of Ethics in a Technological Society. Montreal, QC: McGill-Queens University Press (2008). (With Lawrence E. Schmidt.) Book Chapters • “Intercorporeality.” In 50 Concepts for a Critical Phenomenology, eds. -
August 9, 2001 Word Count: 7015 Words Abstract There Is A
PRESENTISM AND QUANTUM GRAVITY1 August 9, 2001 word count: 7015 words Abstract There is a philosophical tradition of arguing against presentism, the thesis that only presently existing things exist, on the basis of its incompatibility with fundamental physics. I grant that presentism is incompatible with special and general relativity, but argue that presentism is not incompatible with quantum gravity, because there are some theories of quantum gravity that utilize a fixed foliation of spacetime. I reply to various objections to this defense of presentism, and point out a flaw in Gödel’s modal argument for the ideality of time. This paper provides an interesting case study of the interplay between physics and philosophy. 1I have given talks based on previous versions of this paper at Princeton University, the American University of Beirut, California Polytechnic State University, and the University of Kentucky. I thank the audiences at these presentations for helpful discussion. I also thank Gordon Belot, Mauro Dorato, Brian Kierland, Steven Savitt, Bas van Fraassen, Steve Weinstein, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 1 1. Introduction. I am a presentist: I believe that only presently existing things exist.2 Contrast presentism with eternalism: the eternalist believes that past, present, and future things all exist. Assuming that there are three spatial dimensions, the eternalist believes that the universe is four- dimensional, and while there are different events in different regions of this so-called “block universe”, the universe as a whole does not change. The presentist, in contrast, believes that the universe is three-dimensional. I am also a Heraclitean: I believe that change is a fundamental aspect of reality. -
Functional Integration and the Mind
Synthese (2007) 159:315–328 DOI 10.1007/s11229-007-9240-3 Functional integration and the mind Jakob Hohwy Published online: 26 September 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Different cognitive functions recruit a number of different, often over- lapping, areas of the brain. Theories in cognitive and computational neuroscience are beginning to take this kind of functional integration into account. The contributions to this special issue consider what functional integration tells us about various aspects of the mind such as perception, language, volition, agency, and reward. Here, I consider how and why functional integration may matter for the mind; I discuss a general the- oretical framework, based on generative models, that may unify many of the debates surrounding functional integration and the mind; and I briefly introduce each of the contributions. Keywords Functional integration · Functional segregation · Interconnectivity · Phenomenology · fMRI · Generative models · Predictive coding 1 Introduction Across the diverse subdisciplines of the mind sciences, there is a growing awareness that, in order to properly understand the brain as the basis of the mind, our theorising and experimental work must to a higher degree incorporate the fact that activity in the brain, at the level of individual neurons, over neural populations, to cortical areas, is characterised by massive interconnectivity. In brain imaging science, this represents a move away from ‘blob-ology’, with a focus on local areas of activity, and towards functional integration, with a focus on the functional and dynamic causal relations between areas of activity. Similarly, in J. Hohwy (B) Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia e-mail: [email protected] 123 316 Synthese (2007) 159:315–328 theoretical neuroscience there is a renewed focus on the computational significance of the interaction between bottom-up and top-down neural signals. -
Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: the Later Years
Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Later Years The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation McDonough, Jeffrey K. 2016. Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Later Years. Philosophical Review 125, no. 1: 1–34. doi:10.1215/00318108-3321711. Published Version doi:10.1215/00318108-3321711 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30780190 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Later Years Jeffrey K. McDonough 0. Introduction In the opening paragraphs of his now classic paper “Leibniz and the Foundations of Physics: The Middle Years,” Daniel Garber suggests that Leibniz must seem something of a paradox to contemporary readers (1985, 27). On the one hand, Leibniz is commonly held to have advanced a broadly idealist metaphysics according to which the world is ultimately grounded in mind-like monads whose properties are exhausted by their perceptions and appetites. On such a picture, physical bodies would seem to be nothing more than the perceptions or thoughts (or contents thereof) enjoyed by immaterial substances.1 On the other hand, it is generally recognized (if perhaps less clearly) that Leibniz was also a prominent physicist in his own day and that he saw his work in physics as supporting, and being supported by, his metaphysics.2 But how, in light of his idealism, could that be? How could Leibniz think that his pioneering work in physics might lend support to his idealist metaphysics, and conversely that his Earlier versions of this essay were presented to audiences at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Yale University, Brown University, and Dartmouth College. -
Justice, Respublica and Empire: Subsidiarity and Hierarchy In
chapter 7 Justice, Res Publica and Empire: Subsidiarity and Hierarchy in the Roman Empire Frédéric Hurlet The objective of this study is to synthesize and extend research conducted in connection with the series of three international conferences held at the Villa Vigoni (Menaggio, Como) from 2010 to 2012, on the exercise of justice in the Roman Empire during the High Empire and late Antiquity. As indi- cated by the title chosen for the publication (Recht haben und Recht bekom- men im Imperium Romanum: das Gerichtswesen der römischen Kaiserzeit und seine dokumentarische Evidenz), the purpose of these meetings was notably to underscore the wealth and diversity of documentation on the subject of judi- cial practice.1 With this in mind, it was less a matter of focusing on normative sources—late-antique compilations that have been amply explored since the nineteenth century—than of emphasizing what the large number of inscrip- tions and papyri discovered during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have contributed to our knowledge of how justice operated on an everyday basis and how it was experienced by those subject to it. This work has certainly fulfilled its goal in this regard through the use of epigraphic and papyrological documents, some of which had never been published. 1 The Intrinsic Links between Justice and Power in Antiquity The relative documentary abundance on the exercise of justice in the Roman Empire is in truth not surprising. It is a consequence of the central role that justice, as well as the functioning of the judiciary institutions tasked with applying law, played in the everyday life of the Empire’s inhabitants, whether in a global (imperial) or local setting (on the level of the different types of communities that formed the Empire’s base units). -
An Aristotelian Interpretation of Practical Wisdom: the Case of Retirees
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Business - Papers Faculty of Business January 2019 An Aristotelian interpretation of practical wisdom: the case of retirees Peter R. Massingham University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/buspapers Recommended Citation Massingham, Peter R., "An Aristotelian interpretation of practical wisdom: the case of retirees" (2019). Faculty of Business - Papers. 1640. https://ro.uow.edu.au/buspapers/1640 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] An Aristotelian interpretation of practical wisdom: the case of retirees Abstract This paper aims to improve understanding of the concept of practical wisdom. The theoretical lens used is Aristotle's practical rationality or 'phronesis'. Researchers argue that practical wisdom should be used as an organising framework for professional knowledge. Aristotle believed that practical wisdom as the highest intellectual virtue. Phronesis is the complicated interactions between general (theory) and practical (judgement). The contribution of this paper is to discuss the properties of practical wisdom and how they interact based on an interpretation of retirees' knowledge. The paper summarises in-depth face- to-face interviews with nine retirees, i.e., nine separate case studies. A structured interview guideline based on a conceptual framework derived from literature was used to examine the nature of retirees' practical wisdom. People with wisdom make better decisions. Whereas episteme's technical knowledge may address complicated tasks, techne's wisdom enables people to resolve truly complex tasks. Techne provides personal judgement which enables the professional to judge their actions from an external and internal perspective.