506

Index

Figures are indicated by italicized page numbers.

a Africa Aberdeen Breviary 126, 127–128 decolonization and the export abolitionist movement 6, 246–250, 247, market 389 249 Heinemann’s African Writers academic market. See scholarly publishing Series 391, 425 and monographs; schoolbooks, Macmillan’s Pacesetters series or textbooks, primers paperback romances and thrillers The Academy 295 in 425 An Account of the Growth of Popery 170 OUP publishing in 390–391, 425 Ace Books 411 popularity of light fiction in interwar Achebe, Chinua 391 years (1920–1940) 367 Ackermann, Rudolph 258, 299 publishing exports to 361 Act Against Superstitious Books and textbook sales to 424 Images (1550) 102 Afrikaans 361, 390 Act for Preventing the frequent Ainsworth, Harrison Abuses in Printing (1662) Jack Sheppard 275 168–169, 171, 172 Old Court 315 Act for the Encouragement of Learning Ainsworth, Henry 132 (1710) 201–202 Ainsworth’s Magazine 296 Act of Six Articles (1539) 118 AK Press 450 Act of Supremacy (1534) 102 Alain de Lille: Anticlaudianus 53 Act of Union (1707) 126 Albatross Books 355, 356, 382 Adams, Alexander: RomanCOPYRIGHTED Aldington, MATERIAL Richard 330 Antiquities 239 Aldiss, Brian: The Brightfount Addison, Joseph 178, 181–183, 220 Diaries 395–396 Adult Education Committee 345–346 Aldred (provost of Chester‐le‐Street, adventure stories 367, 395 c. 970) 36, 37 Ælfric of Eynsham 70 Aldus Pagemaker 1.2 443–444, 444 Aelred of Rievaulx 52 Alfred the Great 14, 43, 90

The Book in Britain: A Historical Introduction, First Edition. Edited by Zachary Lesser. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Alkyn, Elizabeth 148 Anglican Church. See Church of England Allan, David 236 Anglo‐Norman French 45, 57 Allatini, Rose: Despised and Rejected 337 Holkham Bible 57, 58 Allde family of stationers 92 Anglo‐Saxons 14, 15, 16, 20, 23, 27, Alleine, Richard: Vindication of 29–30, 36, 42–43, 53. See also Old Godliness 168 English Allen, Emily Hope 96 Ann, Hayley 449 Allestree, Richard: The Whole Duty of Annales school 7 Man 201 Anne (Queen) 183, 200 Allfrey, Ellah 458 Anselm 104 Allison, Archibald: Essays on the Nature Answers to Correspondents 331, 335 and Principles of Taste 241 anthologies Alliterative Morte Arthure 66–67 Bell’s The Poets of Great Britain Allman’s 386 Complete from Chaucer to Ally Sloper’s Half Holiday 332, 335 Churchill 232–234 almanacs 90, 91, 121, 124, 162, 163–165, in eighteenth century 221 164, 222, 238 in fifteenth century 64–67 Almon, John 218 for school use 345 alphabets The Works of the English Poets 234 Roman 108 anthropomorphic initials 48–49 Runic 29–30 Anti‐Aulicus 148 Saxon 108 Anti‐Jacobin Review 245 Altick, Richard: The English Common antiphonaries 23 Reader 274, 306 anti‐Poor Law movement of 1830s 255 Amalgamated Press 336, 343, 344, 391 antiquarians and rare books 101–111, amateur publishing and periodicals 161, 240, 299–300, 331 440–443 obscenity charges avoided by publishing Amazon.com 326, 414, 452–456 rare book editions 352–353 American colonies Antonine Itinerary 106 bindings of books exported to 213 The Anvil 393 British papers in 180, 182 A.P. Watt 349 Franklin’s edition of Cicero’s Cato Major Applebee’s Journal 179 considered as most elegant book Applegarth & Cowper 261, 287 of 213, 214 Apple Mac 444, 444–445 importing books from England Apuleius: De Deo Socratis 51 130–132 Arbuthnot, Alexander 128 newspaper advertising for runaway slaves Arch, John and Arthur 299 and servants in 224 Archer, David 354, 358 Amory, Hugh 130–132, 198 Archimedes Palimpsest 22 The Amulet 258 Argosy & Sundial Libraries 347 Analytical Review 245, 250 Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics and Anderson, Benedict 335 Politics 53 Anderson, Patricia 269, 274 Armed Forces, publishing for 367, Anderton, William 170, 172 376–378 Andrews, William: News from the Armstrong, John: The Oeconomy of Stars 164–165 Love 206 Aneirin: Gododdin 15, 16 Army Welfare Department 377

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Arnold, Matthew 293, 332 author–publisher relations. See also Arthur (King) 52 copyright art nouveau 321, 323 advances for potential “big books” 413 The Art of Angling 157 agents and literary agencies, Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society 321 proliferation of 371–372 Arts Council of Great Britain 378, 396, author payments in Victorian 427, 451, 458 era 284–285 Ash, Francis 167 collective authorship for children’s Ashburnham House 15, 44, 45 series 438–439 Ashby, George 81 complexity in late nineteenth and early Asian languages, expansion into book twentieth century 325 market of 416 getting published 324–327 Asimov, Isaac 384 income drop of authors in digital Assael, Henry 382 age 456 Asser: Life of Alfred the Great 100 income sources for authors other than Associated Booksellers of Great Britain and from publishing 457 Ireland 327, 328 literary patronage arrangements 457 Astley, Neil 419 “on commission” publishing Astounding Science Fiction 286–287, 326 (magazine) 395 reserve agreements 325 astrology 164–165, 181 royalty contracts 325, 413 The Athenaeum 295, 313 selection of books for publication and use The Atlas 295 of publishers’ readers 287 Attalah, Naim 419 text sent from author in digital At the Villa Rose (film) 342 form 444 Atwood, Margaret 421 Victorian‐era contracting between Aubin, Penelope 197 publisher and author 284–285 Auchinleck manuscript 57, 64–65 in World War II 373 Augustine of Canterbury, Saint 36–37 autobiography. See also diaries Aulicus his Hue and Cry Sent forth after first in English 23 Britanicus 148–149 of former slaves 248–250 Austen, Jane Margery Kempe’s 96. See also Kempe, Bentley as copyright owner of works Margery of 267 reading choices mentioned in World War I Emma 267 and after 367–368 Northanger Abbey 236 Aylott & Jones 286 popularity in interwar years (1920–1940) 367 b Pride and Prejudice 283 Babbage, Charles 288, 289 Sense and Sensibility 283 Bacon, Francis 1 Simms & M’Intyre editions 281 Baden‐Powell, Robert: Quick Training “yellowback” editions of works For War 337 of 283 Bagnold, Enid 337 Australia Bahr, Arthur 81 as export market 231, 317, 360, 389 Bailey, Nathaniel: Universal Etymological popularity of light fiction in interwar English Dictionary 207 years (1920–1940) 367 Baker, Arthur 400

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Baker’s Descriptive Guide to the Best Bede, Cuthbert 303–304 Fiction 331 The Adventures of Mr. Verdant Baldwin, Stanley 344 Green 306 Baldwin & Cradock 299 Bedford Psalter and Hours 54, 56, 57 Bale, John: The laboryouse journey & Bédier, Joseph 63 serche … for Englandes antiquitees Begbie, Harold 324 102, 103 Belanger, Terry 241 ballads 89, 112, 121, 124, 254–255 Belgravia 279–280 Ballantyne, James and John 256 Bell, Edward 283 Ballard, J.G. 395–396 Bell, George 296 Banerji, Ken 419 Bell, Jane 92 Bantu Education Act (South Africa Bell, John 241 1953) 389 The Poets of Great Britain Complete from Banville, Scott 332 Chaucer to Churchill 232–234 Barclay, David and Frederick 448 Bell, Maureen 302 Barclay, Florence: The Rosary 324 Bell & Bradfute 232, 241 Barker, Christopher 126 Bell & Hyman 424 Barker, Martin 400 Benedictine religious order 22, 49, 51 Barker, Robert 119 Benedictional of St. Aethelwold 51 Barnard, John 163 Bennett, Arnold 325, 366 Barnes, Joseph 125 A Man From the North 323 Barrett, Frank: The Woman with the Iron Benn’s Sixpenny Library 346 Bracelets 343 Bentley, Richard 173, 197, 287 Barrie, J.M. 318 advertising and promotion budget Baskerville, John 219 of 295 Bassandyne, Thomas 128 “Colonial Library” series 318 Batman, Stephen 103 copyright agreements used by 285, 286 Baxter, Walter: The Image and the “Favourite Novels” series 286, 297, 315 Search 400 London bookshop of 299 Bay Psalm Book 128, 130, 131, 132, 143, pricing structure of 297 163 royalty and contract options to authors BBC. See British Broadcasting from 326 Corporation sales to circulating libraries 312–313 BBC Books 418 serialization published prior to Beach, Sylvia 353, 354 book 257 Beano comics 392–393 “Shilling Series” 281 Beard, Mary 432 “Standard Novels” series 267, 280, 281 Beaumont, Francis 93, 173 Bentley’s Miscellany 272 Beavan, Iain 336 Bent’s Monthly Literary Advertiser 296 Beaverbrook, Lord 344, 345 Beowulf 14–16, 43–44 Becket, Thomas 220–221 Berger, John 425 Bede 19, 27–28 Berkhout, Joop 389 Historia ecclesiastica gentis Bernard Babani Books 382 anglorum 11–13, 12, 14, 43, 44, 51 Bernard’s Publications Ltd. 382 Life of St. Cuthbert 104 Berne Convention (1886) 318 Lives of the Holy Abbots of Weremouth Berners‐Lee, Tim 451 and Jarrow 19 Bernstein, Sidney 410

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Bertelsmann 415 Bickford‐Smith, Coralie: The Fox and Berthelet, Thomas 79, 84, 85, 87, 112. the Star 457 See also Confessio Amantis billboards and bill‐stickers 309 Bertram’s 446 Bills of Mortality 6, 161–162, 187 Besant, Walter 325 binding Betjeman, John: “In Westminster bookcloth, replacing leather Abbey” 346 binding 290–292 Beves of Hampton 57, 129 Charles I’s Eikon Basilike 144 Bewick, Thomas 233 Coptic 26 Bezos, Jeff 452, 456 edition binding 292 Bible in eighteenth century 210–212, BFBS distribution network for 254 211–212 Bishops’ Bible 72, 113, 119 exports to American colonies 213 Black Letter 72, 119, 128 in medieval period and treasure controversy over translation into bindings 18, 26, 27, 36 vernacular 112–113 nineteenth‐century Coverdale Bible 113, 114, 116, 118 bookbinding 290–294 Doves Bible 321, 322 of novels after early 1800s 256, 258 exclusive license to print and stab‐stitching as opposed to 83, 140, pricing 163, 168 193–194, 256, 290 format during medieval period 23 uniform binding of series to encourage Geneva Bible 118–119, 128 purchase 280, 282 Giant Bibles 48–49, 50 women in the trade 291 Great Bible 114, 117, 118, 119 Biscop, Benedict 19, 20, 26 in Greek 36 Bishops’ Wars (1639–1640) 128, 155, 166 Gutenberg Bible 67, 78, 112 Black, Cyril 403 Holkham Bible 54, 57, 58 Black and White 333 importance to the book trade of 5, 254 Black Bess serial 274 imported from Continent 18, 112, 113, Blackwell, Basil 403 118, 163, 168 Blackwood, William 298, 325 Irish New Testament 129 Blackwood’s (publishing house) 256–257, King James (or Authorized) 72, 112, 259, 272, 286, 306, 325 119, 120, 415 Blackwood’s Magazine 257, 258, 261, Little Gidding harmonies and 101, 113 279, 280, 283, 325 Matthew Bible 114, 115 Blade, Adam (pseud. of collective group of pandect 20 authors) 428, 438–439 “Pocket editions” 253 Blake, Carole 433 printing of 112–119 Blake, Norman 68 technological changes in printing for Blandy, Mary 208 Bible societies (early 1800s) 251, Blasphemy Act (1697) 185 252–253, 261 blasphemy law debate (1989) 447 Tyndale New Testament (1526, Blatchford, Robert: Clarion and Germany 1534) 113, 118, 154 and England 332, 337 Vulgate Bible 19, 112 Bloodaxe Books 419, 420, 451 Welsh translation 70, 126 Bloomsbury Publishing 5, 415, 419, 451 Winchester Bible 20, 45, 48–49, 51, 59 Blue Moon Press 354 Wycliffite Bible 113 Bodley, Thomas 103

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Bodley Head 321, 323, 354, 355, 356, 357, bookshops redesigned in early 360, 398, 402, 410, 415 1900s 328 Boethius 51 Christmas as most important time for Consolation of Philosophy 43 sales 304 Bogle L’Overture Press 420 complimentary copies to encourage large Bohn & Son 299 orders 244 Bohn’s “Standard Library” 268, 280 congers and collaborative Boleyn, Anne 113 agreements 196–197, 241 Bonham, William 84 copyright’s effect on. See copyright; Boni & Liveright 352 Licensing statutes Boniface, St. 24 distribution methods. See circulating Bonnell, Thomas 232 libraries; distribution revolution book burnings 154–155, 166, 447 (1820–1870); mass production, era of book clubs 210, 245–246, 348 (1870–1920) Booker, McGonnell Ltd. 425–426 e‐books vs. print sales 452, 456 Booker Prize 420, 425–426, 428, 437 exports. See export markets The Bookman 324 half‐profits contracts 285 Book of Ballymote 30, 31 imperialism and 231. See also colonies Book of Common Prayer 72, 118, 119, 128, imported books 68, 125. See also 129, 155–156 imported books Book of Deer 38 increase in number of titles published Book of Durrow 34 over time 137–139, 138, 205–215, Book of Kells 34, 35, 37–38, 39, 42 229, 371, 413 Book of the Month Club 348 literary annual, introduction of 258 Book Post 303 London as center of 124–125, 298–300, Book Production War Economy Agreement 374, 375 (1942) 373 luxury trade in eighteenth book reviews 209–210, 250, 342, 395 century 192–193, 194 The Bookseller 279, 296, 396, 437 mass production. See mass production, Books etc. 435 era of (1870–1920) bookshops. See book trade mergers and corporate Book Society 347, 382 publishing 414–416 Books of Hours 56–57, 78 online sales and digital book trade distribution 451–457. See also advertising and catalogues 238–239, Amazon.com 295–296, 304, 307 Parliament’s control of 166–168. See agents, role of 298, 303 also censorship; copyright; Licensing author in. See author–publisher relations statutes; regulation of book trade backlists 319, 349, 388, 413, 419, 451 pricing. See pricing binding. See binding printing. See printing bookselling zones in major production methods. See distribution cities 298–299 revolution (1820–1870); mass bookshops also selling variety of production, era of (1870–1920); goods 243, 435 paperbacks; printing bookshops, chain and giant provinces, publication and distribution retailers 413, 432–435 in 241, 243–244, 302–303, 324 bookshops in decline (1970–2018) 434 publishers’ readers, role of 287, 289

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book trade (cont’d ) Britannia (Camden) 72, 105–112, racial profile of publishing 109–110, 132 industry 457–458 British and Foreign Bible Society regulation of 1, 4, 84–95, 185–190, (BFBS) 251, 252–254, 262, 362 215–219. See also censorship; British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Licensing statutes; Stationers’ BBC Home Service 372, 376 Company expanding to second channel review copies and legal deposit library (1964) 418 copies 295 Forces Programme 372, 376 risk management methods in 196–203, founding of 342 241, 244, 298 The Listener (magazine) 342 second‐hand market 300, 315, 319 The Radio Times (magazine) 342 separation of publishers, wholesalers, and royalties for radio dramatizations 343 retail sellers 241 during World War II 372 serialization of books 193–194, post‐World War II 371 256–261, 269–277, 270, 286 British Commonwealth Market small booksellers in early nineteenth Agreement 389 century 242 The British Critic 250 small print runs in nineteenth British Institute of Adult Education 377 century 319 British Journal 190 specialization in 85, 241–242, 243 British Labour Force Survey (2014) 457 subscriptions 198–199, 199 The British Mercury 188 trade discounts. See pricing The British Quarterly 270 trade publishers 197–198 British Union of Fascists 345 wholesalers. See wholesalers The Briton 217 women in. See women Broadview Anthology of British word‐of‐mouth marketing 450 Literature 16 Book War (1905–1906) 328 Brontë, Anne Boon, Charles 350–351 Agnes Grey 295 Booth, John Wilkes 218 The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 311 Boothe, John 383, 419 Brontë, Charlotte Boots Booklovers’ Library 330, 346 Jane Eyre 287, 295, 296, 311 Borders 435 The Professor 287 Boreman, Thomas 212 Villette 312, 315 Boriswood (press) 354 Brontë, Emily: Wuthering Heights 295, Boswell, James 207, 209, 212 311 Bourdieu, Pierre 396, 419 Brontë sisters: Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Bradbury, Ray 400 Acton Bell 286 Fahrenheit 451 399 Brooks (slave ship) 246–248, 247 Bradbury & Evans 266, 276, 277, 279, 284 Broome, Joan 92 Braddon, Mary Elizabeth 293, 327 Brown, Curtis 325 Aurora Floyd 279, 314 Brown, John: The Description and Use of Brake, Laurel 332 the Carpenters‐Rule 158 Bramston, James 187 Browne, Hablot K. 277 breviaries 23, 78, 127 Bruni, Leonardo 53 Brienza, Casey 430 Brussels Cross inscription 30 Briggs, Asa 242 Brut y Brenhinedd 53, 63, 64

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Bruyning, Robert (abbot) 56 Caesar, Julius (Chancellor of the Exchequer) bubonic plague 162 100–101 Buckle, Henry Thomas: History of Cain, James M. 379 Civilization in England 313 Caine, Hall Bull, Edward: Hints and Directions for effect of library ban on 330 Authors 289 The Manxman 321 Bull’s Library 311 popularity of 367 Bulwer‐Lytton, Edward 306 The Woman Thou Gavest Me 330 Chapman & Hall editions 280 Calder, Liz 419 Devereux 280, 281 Caldwell, Erskine: God’s Little Acre 402 Bunty (comic) 393 Callil, Carmen 420–421, 422 Bunyan, John Calvinists and Calvinism 72, 118 The Holy War 171 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 85, The Pilgrim’s Progress 195, 361 125–126, 169, 252, 362, 387, Burchell, Mary 385 424–425, 430 Burdett, Henry 354 Camden, William 105–111. See also Burdon, William: The Gentleman’s Britannia Pocket‐Farrier 203 Camille, Michael 56 Burgundian manuscripts 68, 70 Campden, Viscountess 174 Burke, Edmund: Reflections on the The Camps’ Library 336 Revolution in France 241 Camrose, Lord 345 Burke, Kenneth 157–158 Canada as export market 317–318, 361 Burke, Peter 111 Candy Crush Saga 456 Burnet, Thomas: The Necessity of Cannon, John 204 Impeaching the Late Ministry 189 canon of English literature. See also Burney, Frances 236–237 literature, works of Cecilia 237 autobiographies discussing reading Evelina 209 of 368–369 Burns and Oates 362 bibliography to encourage purchase Burroughs, William S. 395 of 240 Burt, Thomas 274 Chaucer’s place in 89 Busby, Margaret 458 circulating libraries inclusion of 311 Bute, Earl of 216 formation of 5, 81, 121, 257 Butler, Samuel: Hudibras 148 out‐of‐copyright works and their Butterworth‐Springer 388 reprints 231–232, 233, 250, 320–321 Byron, Lord 267 Carcanet Press 419, 420 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 239, 240 Carelton, William: The Black Prophet: A Don Juan 264 Tale of the Irish Famine 280 Carew, Bampfylde‐Moore 224 c Carey, Peter 426 Cadbury family 345 Carlile, Richard Cadell, Thomas 232, 234, 237, 239, Prompter 264 256–257, 267, 299 Republican 262 Caedmon manuscript. See Junius Carlyle, Thomas: Collected Works 292 manuscript Carnan, Thomas 221–222 Caedmon’s Hymn 11–12, 13–15, 16, Carnegie, Andrew 330 30, 63 Carne‐Ross, Donald 383

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Carpenter, William: Political Letters and of pulp fiction 379 Pamphlets 264 Stationers’ Company control and 85, 86 Carrow Psalter 49, 50 translated Bibles, imported versions Carruthers, Mary 38 of 113 Carter, Angela 421 of unlicensed newspapers 160 Carter, Harry 70, 72, 125 Ceolfrith 19, 27 Carter, Reginald 399–400 CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Cartland, Barbara 351, 369, 427 Research) 451 Cary, Elizabeth: Tragedy of Mariam 93 Cerquiglini, Bernard 64 Cary, Joyce 359 Chambers, Ephraim: Cyclopedia 194 Cassell’s 303 Chambers, Robert: The Vestiges of the Cassell’s Illustrated Family Paper 269, Natural History of Creation 270, 270, 274 287–290, 294 “National Library” 320 Chambers, William and Robert 266, 268, Cathach of St. Columba 23, 33, 34, 142 269, 302 Catherall, Thomas 303, 304 “Educational Course” series 268 Catholics. See Roman Catholicism The Information for the People 266, 268 Catnach, James 254, 255 People’s Editions 268 Cave, Edward 183 Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal Cavendish, Margaret: The Blazing (CEJ) 265–266, 268, 269, 271–272, World 95 273, 305–306 Cawthorn & Hutt’s library (London) 315 Channel Four (television station) 418 Caxton, William 67–68, 124 chapbooks and chapmen 89, 112, 212, first vellum book printed by (1486) 78 242, 243, 254, 255 papal indulgences printed by 6, 68 Chapman, John 299 paper and materials imported by 77, Chapman & Hall 275–277 78, 130 Arthur Waugh as managing director 353 printing role of 85, 112 “cheap” edition of Dickens 280 red and black used in printing for 127 copyright agreements with authors 285 texts printed or translated by 67–69, 78 “Library Edition” of Carlyle’s Collected types imported by 70 Works 292 Cazenove, C.F. 325 Menzies as Scottish agent for 298 Cecil, William 119 Pickwick Advertiser 276 CEJ. See Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal publisher’s reader, role of 325 Celts 16 “Select Library Edition” of Lever’s The censorship. See also obscene libel, crime of Knight of Gwynne 296 of almanacs 165 Chapter Coffee House 232 book burnings 146, 154 The Character of a Town‐Gallant 176 circulating library bans 245, Charke, Charlotte 224 313–314, 330 Charles I 101, 104, 128, 137, 140–144, in later twentieth‐century 446–448 150, 166 Licensing statutes and 165–172 Eikon Basilike, 141 143–146, 146, 162 men’s magazines and 393–395 Charles II 146, 151–154, 160, 169 Official Secrets Act (1989), effect of 446 Charleston Library Society 230 post‐publication censorship, Chartier, Roger 7 ineffectiveness of 446 Chase, James Hadley. See Raymond, René pre‐publication, effect of 4, 330 Chase Act (U.S. 1891) 318

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Chatto and Cape/Chatto, Virago, Bodley, survey of British children’s reading and Cape 415, 417, 420–421 matter (1971) 371 Chatto & Windus 319, 326, 330, 343, 383, television’s tie‐in effect with 398, 411, 420 publishing 418 Chaucer, Geoffrey Tom Gates series 457 Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy Working Partners Ltd.’s development of (translation) 62 collective authorship for 438–439 Canterbury Tales 60–64 China Caxton printing works of 68, 70, 71, Diamond Sutra (oldest printed book in 72–74, 79, 81, 84, 87 China) 67 in Findern manuscript 65 paper invented in 75 first poet in The Works of the English woodcuts in 67 Poets 234 A Chinese Tale … or, Chamyam with her Leg manuscript culture and 78 upon a Table 215 portrait and heraldry of 87, 89 Chi‐Rho pages 34, 38, 40 The Riverside Chaucer 61, 63–64 Chisholm, George 378 Speght edition (1598) 87, 88, 121, 122 Cholmondely, Mary: Diana Temple 326 Stow edition (1561) 87 Christianity. See also Calvinists and Thynne editions 81, 82, 83–87, 121, 122 Calvinism; Church of England; Troilus and Criseyde 15, 62 Protestants and Protestantism; Roman Chepman, Walter 126–129 Catholicism Childish, Billy 449 Celtic Christianity 16, 28, 33 Children and Young Persons (Harmful Roman Christianity 14, 18, 20, 28, Publications) Act (1955, 1965, & 35, 36 1966) 401, 403 spread of 11 children’s books and papers Christian Remembrancer 314 “Beast Quest” series 438 Christianson, C. Paul 125 comic book industry 392–393, 400–401 Christie, Agatha 425 illustrations in 293 Churchill, John 287–290, 294 juvenile libraries in eighteenth Churchill, Winston 398 century 231 Church of England 42, 105, 113, 114, 156, “Magic Animal Friends” series 438 166, 185. See also Book of Common Mr Gum series 457 Prayer luxuriously designed 457 Churton’s (subscription library) 311, 312 penny dreadfuls 336 Cicero’s Cato Major, or, His Discourse printing during World II paper of Old‐Age (Franklin 1744 ed.), rationing 379 213, 214 publication starting in 1740s 211–213 cinema 338, 341–342, 418–419 “Rainbow Magic” series 438 circulating libraries schoolgirl magazines in interwar period adjunct business to booksellers 236, (1920–1940) 343 243, 244 “Sea Quest” series 438 bindings used by 210–211, 211 series as publication mode of 437 censorship exercised by 313–314, 330 specialized bookshops for creation in 1740s 205–210 242–243, 243 decline of 386 story papers for boys in interwar period discount sales by 315–316 (1920–1940) 343 hours, regulation of 347

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circulating libraries (cont’d ) Codex Books 449, 449, 450 in interwar period (1920–1940) Codex Sinaiticus 36 346–347 codicology 18, 62 novels aimed at 293 Coe, William 180 novels listed in catalogues of 255 Coetzee, J.M. 426 popularity continuing in early coffeehouses 175–176, 181–183, 1900s 330 207–208, 210 railway expansion, effect of 251 coins, engravings of 108 in seaside resorts and other leisure Colburn, Henry 257, 299 venues 231 Colburn & Bentley 259 Times Book Club (TBC) as both Colburn & Co. 242 circulating library and bookshop 328 Cole, G.D.H. 358 in Victorian period 297, 311–316 College, Stephen 170 Circulating Libraries Association 330 Colles, William Morris 325 The Circulating Library (etching) 236, 237 Collings, Rex 390, 391 Civil Wars and Interregnum (1642–1660) Collins 414, 415, 417, 418. See also 92, 103, 124, 137–140, 151–156, 164, HarperCollins; William Collins 170, 344. See also Charles I; Protestants Collins, Benjamin 220 and Protestantism Collins, Jackie: The World is Full of Married Clan Albin: A National Tale 258 Men 404, 411 Clanchy, Michael T. 14–15, 56 Collins, W. Jan 415 The Clandestine Marriage 225 Collins, Wilkie 269, 270, 272–273, 304, 343 Clarendon, Lord 142, 143 Collins, William, V 415 Clarendon’s State Papers 238 “Collins Illustrated Pocket Classics” 320, Clark, Kenneth 388 336–337 Clarkson, Thomas 248 colonies. See also Africa; American Clay, John and Robert 244 colonies; specific countries Cleave’s Weekly Police Gazette 265 anti‐colonial movements and Clegg, Cyndia 86 sentiment 341, 425, 427 Cleland, John: Memoirs of Fanny Hill British Commonwealth Market 209, 216 Agreement 389 Clelia 196 colonial editions 360 Clifford, Anne 93 decolonization and the export market Clive, Kitty 225 389–391 Cloister Press 362 educational publishers and 387, 391 Clowes, William 266, 287, 288–290, 319 importance to British printing and Cnut 16 literature 362 Coard, Bernard: How the British popularity of light fiction in interwar educational system makes the West years (1920–1940) 367 Indian child educationally publishing exports to 317–318, 360–362 subnormal 420 Colonne, Guido della: Historia destructionis Cobbett, William: Weekly Political Troiae 53 Register 262 colporteurs 254 Cobden‐Sanderson, T.J. 321 Columba, St. 33 Cocks & Co. 283–284 Combe, George: Constitution of Man 268 Codex Amiatinus 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, Comfort, Alan: The Joy of Sex 419 28, 33, 48, 51, 53, 59, 102, 457 comic book industry 392–393, 400–401

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Comics Campaign Council 400 1886 International and Colonial Comics Code Authority 401 Copyright Act 318 Commonwealth countries, governed by author’s perpetual copyright vs. temporary British Commonwealth Market grant of right 219–222, 232 Agreement 389 British Commonwealth Market Communist Party 341, 345, 358, 369, 400 Agreement 389 The Companion to the Newspaper 265 cheap editions, effect on 285–286 The Compleat Gamester 157 early modern playwrights, lack of A Compleat Set of Charts of the Coasts of rights 121 Merryland 215 geographic limits of 1710 act 202–203 The Compleat Surveyor 158 “honorary” copyright persisting even Compston, Arthur: “The Horror Comic after 1774 change in law 232 Song” 412 import restrictions of 1739 statute 203 Concanen, Matthew 190 injunctions to enforce 201, 221 Condell, Henry 80 origins of 85–86, 167, 183 Conder, C.R. 326 public domain. See public domain The Conduct of the Earl of U.S. laws. See United States Nottingham 195 Corelli, Marie Confessio Amantis The Mighty Atom 324 Berthelet as printer of 79, 84, 132 popularity of 367 Caxton as printer of 68, 83, 84, 95 The Cornhill Magazine 279–280, 286, 292 manuscript copies of 60, 63, 77, 95 corporate publishers 414–416 paper vs. parchment manuscripts 77 Cosmopolitan (UK edition) 393 recognition of distinct hands of Cotton, Robert 44, 45, 104, 140 scribes in 59 Court of High Commission 166 Scribe D 60–61 Coverdale, Miles 114. See also Bible for Congreve, William: Love for Love 202 Coverdale Bible Connell, Vivian: September in Quinze 400 Goostly Psalmes and Spirituall Songs Conrad, Joseph 325, 367 Drawen out of the Holy Scripture 114 Conservative Party 341, 345, 353, 392, cowboy fiction 383 396, 398, 416–417 Cox, Josephine 428 Constable (publishing house) 256, 257 The Craftsman 180, 186, 194 Constable, Archibald 259 Cranmer, Thomas 118 A Continuation of the true diurnall Crawford, John 186 occurrences and passages in both Crawford, Marion 318 Houses of Parliament 148 Creasey, John 380 Control of Paper Order (1940) 372, 373 Creation Books 448 Cooke, Charles 231, 234, 235, 239 Attack! Books imprint 448, 450 Cookson, Catherine 351, 427–428 The Criterion 352 Coombe’s Library (London) 312 The Critical Review 209–210 Cooper, James Fennimore: The Pilot: A Tale Crom, Matthew 113 of the Sea 281 Cromwell, Oliver 118, 151, 158 copyright. See also piracy Cromwell, Thomas 114 1710 statute 200–203, 220–221 Cronin, A.J. 349, 366 1774 rejection of geographic limits of The Citadel 359 1710 act 221 Crowley, Robert 79 1842 Copyright Act 284 Cruchley’s Picture of London 305

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Cudlipp, Hubert (Hugh) 378, 392 Davidson, Thomas 128 Cudlipp, Percy 388 Davidson’s Musical Treasury, Vocal and Cudlipp, Reginald 378 Instrumental, for the Family 284 Cuff Brothers 304 Davies, William 237 Cugoano, Ottobah: Thoughts and Dawks, Ichabod 178 Sentiments on the Evil and Wicked Dawks Newsletter 178 Traffic of the Slavery and Commerce of Dawson, Geoffrey 344 the Human Species 248–249, 250 Dawson, John 187 Culpeper, Nicholas Dawson, Mark 454–456 Directory for Midwives 93, 204 Day, John 98, 100 Pharmacopoeia (trans.) 157 Day, Stephen and Matthew 130 cumdach (book shrine) 34 D.C. Thomson 343, 392, 393, 395 Curll, Edmund Decameron 399 convicted for obscenity 186, 215 Declaration of Breda (1660) 152, 156 Pope mocking 195 Dee, John 53 A Treatise of the Use of Flogging in Defence of the Realm Act (1918) 336, 337 Venereal Affairs 186 Defoe, Daniel Venus in the Cloister 186 on copyright infringement 200 Currey, James 391 government subsidies for writing and Cuthbert, St. 18, 28–30, 35. See also taking role of double agent 190 St. Cuthbert Gospel A Hymn to the Pillory 186 C.W. Daniel 337 punished for seditious libel 186, 191 The Review 190 d The Shortest‐Way with the Dahl, Roald: Charlie and the Chocolate Dissenters 186 Factory 422 The True‐Born Englishman 191, 192 The Daily Advertiser 223 De Hamel, Christopher 20, 34, 35, 48 The Daily Courant 178–179, 181 Dehan, Richard: The Dop Doctor 324 The Daily Express 336, 342, 344, 448 de Keyser, Martin 114 The Daily Gazetteer 190 Dell, Ethel M. 367, 368 The Daily Herald 344, 345, 392 Denham, Henry, 91 The Daily Illustrated Mirror 335 Dent. See J.M. Dent & Sons The Daily Mail 335, 336, 344–345, 423, 448 desktop publishing 443–444 The Daily Mirror 335, 344, 391–392, Desmond, Richard 448 423, 448 detective comics 393 The Daily News 309, 334 detective novels 367 The Daily Star 448 de Worde, Wynkyn 68, 72, 74, 78, 79, 85, The Daily Telegraph 305, 306, 345, 353, 96, 124, 126, 129. See also Malory, 437, 448 Thomas Daily Worker 345 The Dial 352 Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future 393 Diamond Sutra 67 Dandy Comic 392–393 diaries 163, 165, 238, 367, 369 Daniell, David 114, 118, 119 Dibdin, Frognall: Bibliomania 240 Danka Services International 445 Dickens, Charles Darton, William, Jr. 242 “Bill‐Sticking” 309 Darwin, Charles: Origin of Species 287, caricature associated with works of 270 314, 320 Chapman & Hall’s “cheap” edition of 280

0004239427.INDD 518 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM Index 519

The Chimes 298 diurnals and mercuries 147–151 Dombey & Son 276, 276, 277 Diver, Maud 324 Household Words (magazine) 271–272, Dobson, Thomas: Encyclopaedia Britannica 273, 279 (American edition) 231 Little Dorritt 304 Doctor Who 418 Lloyd’s reworkings of 275 Dodd, Anne 202 management of authorial brand 5 Dodd, George 293 Master Timothy’s Bookcase (Reynolds Dodsley, Robert 238 pastiche) 275 Select Collection of Old Plays 221 The Mystery of Edwin Drood 279 Dodson, Gerald 400 Nicholas Nickleby 277 Dodwell, C.R. 45 Oliver Twist 255, 277 Dolby, Thomas 262 Pickwick 275–277 The Domestick Intelligence; or, News both Pickwick Abroad: or the Tour in France from City and Country 160 (Reynolds’s serialization) 275 Donaldson, Alexander 220–221 popularity in interwar years Donaldson, Peter 460 (1920–1940) 366–367 Donaldson v. Becket (1774) 221, 232 on range of publications for Donne, John 98, 174, 457 sale 254–255 donor portraits 49 revisions made for subsequent Do‐Not Press 448–449, 450 editions 293 Dorothy’s Home Journal 334 school curriculum including 370 Douglas‐Home, Alec 392, 403 serialization approach of 272, 275 Douglass, Frederick: Autobiography 270 dictionaries 121, 240 Doves Press 321, 322 Dietzgen, Joseph 369 Doyle, A.I. 59, 61 digital technology Drabble, Margaret 428 digital design and digital Dragon Books 410 printing 443–446 Dragon Press 400 reading vs. other entertainment The Drapier’s Letters 187 media 422–423, 456 The Dream of the Rood 30, 43 World Wide Web and digital distribution, Driscoll, M.J. 63 effect of 451–457 Driver, Jim 448 Dillon, Una 432 Droeshout, Martin 121, 122 Dillons 432, 435 Dryden, John 170 Dillsworth, Elise 458 Mac Flecknoe 195 Dilly, Edward 234 Dublin University Magazine 280, Directory for Public Worship 156 281, 286 Disney, William 170 Duckworth, Gerald de l’Etang 353, 374 distribution revolution Dudley, Robert 119 (1820–1870) 251–316 Duke Rowlande and Sir Otuell of Spayne Bible production and distribution (romance) 66 networks 252–254 Du Maurier, Daphne 349 circulating library in Victorian Du Maurier, George: Trilby 324 period 311–316 Dunbar, William 81, 127 innovations in text production 252–261 D’Urfey, Thomas: Tales 196 popular literature and diversity of dust jackets 328, 329, 349–350, 350, 405, print 261–284 408, 443

0004239427.INDD 519 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM 520 Index

e Ertz, Susan: Madame Claire 356 Eadfrith 35 Escott, John 224 Eadwine Psalter. See Ultrecht Psalter Essays and Reviews 314 Eagle (comic) 393 Estrange, Roger 150 Eason’s (commercial library) 330 Euclid’s Geometry 100 East Indies market for British books 231 Eutyches: Ars 33 East, Thomas 129 Evans, B. Ifor: A Short History of English e‐books and e‐reading. See Kindle e‐readers Literature 376–377 and publishing Evans, Harold 405 EC Comics 400 Evans Brothers 389, 424 Echo (newspaper) 335 Evening News 335 Echternach Gospels 34 The Evening Standard 448 Edinburgh Booksellers’ Society 232 everyday life, integration of print and Edinburgh Review 261, 312 reading into 203–204, 222, 225, 236, Edmund (Saxon king) 51 348, 369–370 Education Act (1944) 386 Examen Poeticum 173 Edward VI 102, 118 The Examiner 179, 295 Edwards, Annie: The Morals of May Exclusion Crisis 86, 153, 160, 171, 189 Fair 313 Exeter Book 43 Egoist 353 export markets. See also Africa; colonies; Eikon Alethine 144 specific countries Eisenstein, Elizabeth 6, 81 in interwar years (1920–1940) 360–362 An Elegie on The Meekest of Men 144 in second half of nineteenth Eleven Plus exam 386 century 317–318 Eliot, George 293 Romola 286 f Eliot, Simon 251, 253, 254, 297, 311, 312, Faber, Geoffrey 354, 390 315, 318 Faber & Faber 6, 353, 354, 383, 390, Eliot, T.S. 6, 321, 351, 354 396, 419 The Waste Land 352, 353, 354 Facebook 454 Elizabeth I 53, 90, 97, 118, 119, 129 Fairfax, Thomas 103, 142, 150 Elphinstone, William 127 Fairlie, Gerald 349 Elsevier 430, 431 Family Circle 393 England’s Memorable Accidents 150 Family Herald 269, 271, 304 English Advice to the Freeholders of fanfiction 455 England 187 Fanfrolico Press 354 English Stock 90, 92, 98, 162–163, 167, fanzines 6, 441–442, 441–442 168, 221–222 Faques, William 87 The Englishwoman’s Domestic farce 195–196 Magazine 302 Farley’s Bristol News Paper 180 engravings 72, 108, 111–112, 283, 292, Farrell, J.G. 425 309. See also illustrations; woodcuts fascism 341, 359 Enoch, Kurt 355 Faulkner, William: Sanctuary 378–379 epigraphy 106 Faversham Book Society 245–246 Equiano, Olaudah: The Interesting Fawcett, Frank Dubrez 380 Narrative 248–250, 249 Feather, John 241, 243 Ernest Benn Limited 349 Febvre, Lucien 7

0004239427.INDD 520 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM Index 521

Feely, Catherine 369 Forster, Frank 369 Fein, Susanna 66 Foulis, Robert and Andrew 232 The Female Tatler 182 Four Ancient Books of Wales 16 feminism 95, 356, 404, 420 The Four Marys (comic serial) 393 Fenning, Daniel: Universal Spelling Book 240 Four Square Books 383, 411 Fergus, Jan 242, 243 Fourth Estate (publisher) 450 Ferrar, Nicholas 101 Fox, Ralph 358 Ferrier, Susan: The Inheritance and Fox Broadcasting Corporation 415 Marriage 257 Foxe, John 132 Ferris, Ina 258 Actes and Monuments 98–101, 99, 112, Feydeau, Ernest: Fanny 313 113, 166 Fielding, Henry 190 Pandectae locorum communium 101 Joseph Andrews 235 Foyle’s Libraries 347 Tom Jones 206, 234, 235 France, Anatole 367 Findern manuscript 65, 66 Frances, Stephen (Hank Janson, Finnian, St. 33 pseud.) 395, 399, 400, 437 First Edition Club 352 Franklin, Benjamin 193, 207, 213, 214, 224 Firth, Norman 380 Fraser, Robert 427 Fisk Publishing 395 Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Flambard, Ranulf 29 Country 279, 298 Fleetway Publications Ltd. 391, 392 The Free Briton 180 Fleming, Ian 425 Freedley, E.T.: How to Make Money 281 Fletcher, John 93, 173 The Freeholder’s Journal 187 The Flying Post 177 Friendship’s Offering 258–259 fonts, typeface, type size Frowde, Henry 320–321 Bell style of typography 233 Fry & Couchman 233 Bembo 364 Fullerton, Georgiana: Lady‐Bird 312, 315 Bible printing and type size 253–254 Fulvio, Andrea: Illustrium imagines 108 black letter 70, 72, 106, 107, 119, 155 Furnival Books 354 foreign languages using different Fyfe, Aileen 265–266, 285, 306 type 288 Gill Sans 364, 364 g italic 106, 107, 132 Gachet, John 126 Morison’s role in developing new Gaelic in the Book of Deer 38 typefaces 364, 384 gangster genre 379–381, 381, 399 Old English 106, 107 Gardiner, Gerald 403 origin of term 70 Garside, Peter 255 Penguin adopting new range of Garvice, Charles 324, 367 typefaces 384 Gaskell, Elizabeth 272 Perpetua 364 Mary Barton 285 Roman 70, 106, 107, 119, 128, 132, 155 Ruth 312, 315 serif and sans serif 24, 309 Gatty, Margaret 295 Times New Roman 364–365, 365 Gavron, Robert 421 Forbes 454–455 Gay, John Forces Book Club 377 The Beggar’s Opera 193 Forget Me Not 258, 259, 260 Polly 193 Forster, E.M. 403 The What D’Ye Call It 195

0004239427.INDD 521 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM 522 Index

Gee, Thomas 303 Goldsmith, Oliver 209 Geminus, Thomas 112 “The Citizen of the World” Genet, Jean 404 column 222 The Gentleman’s Magazine 183–185, 184, She Stoops to Conquer 225 209, 224, 263 Vicar of Wakefield 235 Geoffrey of Monmouth: Historia regum Gollancz, Victor 349–350, 351. See also Britannie 52–53, 63, 96 Victor Gollancz Limited George I 187, 216 “Is Mr Chamberlain Saving Peace?” 359 George III 209, 216, 217 Goodings, Lennie 420 George Allen & Unwin 337 Gordimer, Nadine 426 George Bell & Sons 295 Gordon, Thomas 190 “Pocket Volumes of English Gospel Books 27. See also Book of Kells; Classics” 283 Insular Gospel Books; Lindisfarne George Newnes Ltd. 320, 321, 332, 337, Gospels 342, 391–392 pocket Gospels 29, 38 The Strand Magazine 326, 335 Gothic novels 236–237, 383 Tit‐Bits 331–332, 335, 336 Gower, John 60–62, 65, 78, 81. See also Gerald Duckworth and Company 353 Confessio Amantis Gerald of Wales: Topographia Gowers, Timothy 431 Hibernica 37–38 graduals 23 Gesta Francorum 51 Grafton, Richard 69, 69, 84, 114 Giant Bibles 48–49, 50 Granada Group and Granada Gibbings, Robert 352, 352 Television 410, 414, 415, 419, 420 Gibbon, Edward: The Decline and Fall of Granta 437 the Roman Empire 206 The Graphic 333 gift books 3, 258–259, 282, 293 Graunt, John 162 Gigantick Histories 212 Graves, Robert 337 Gilbert, James 295 Great Bible 114, 117, 118, 119 Gilbert, John 270 Great Depression 341, 346, 350 Gill, Eric 362, 364 Great Fire of 1666 153, 163, 374 Gillespie, Raymond 130 Great Northern Railway 315 Girl (comic) 393 Green, D.H. 56–57 Girl’s Own Paper and Woman’s Greene, Graham 410 Magazine 343–344 Greenwood, Thomas 331 Gissing, George 330 Gregory I (pope, Gregory the Great) Glastonbury Cross inscription 106, 108 14, 43 “Glorious Revolution” 138, 152 Gregory II (pope) 20 Glover, Elizabeth 130 Gregory IX (pope) 57 Glover, Jose 130–132 Grey, Zane 349, 367 Glyn, Elinor 324 Griest, Guinevere 311 Godfray, Thomas 84, 85 Griffith‐Jones, Mervyn 401, 403 Godfrey, Edmund 154 Griffiths, Fenton 216 Godwin, William 236, 245 Griffiths, Ralph 209, 216 Goes, Hugo 126 Griffiths’s Library (Ludlow) 311 Golagros and Gawane 96, 126 Grisham, John: The Summons 428 Golden Cockerel Press 352, 352 grotesques 49, 54 Golding, William 428 The Growler 182

0004239427.INDD 522 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM Index 523

The Grub‐Street Journal 193 Harry Potter series. See Rowling, J.K. The Guardian 448, 455–456 Hatchard’s bookshop (London) Guardian Media Trust 448 241, 299 Guest, James 264 Hay, Ian 324 Guide to Literature 271 Haywood, Ian 264 Gutenberg, Johannes 1–2, 67. See also Hazlitt, William 234, 235 Bible, for Gutenberg Bible Headley Brothers 337 papal indulgences printed by 6, 67, 68 Heath’s Book of Beauty 259 Guthlac, Saint 49 Heinemann 337, 358, 374, 387, 389, Guthlac Roll 49 400, 415 Guthrie, James 170 African Writers Series 391, 425 Guy of Warwick 57, 129 Educational Books 390 Gwyer, Maurice and Alsina 354 Heinemann, William 321 gymnastic initials 49 Hellinga, Lotte 72 Heminge, John 80 h Hemingway, Ernest: A Farewell to Hachette 415 Arms 356 Haggard, Rider: She 333 Henderson, Hamish 412 Hague and Gill 364, 364 Henry VIII 102, 103, 114, 116–117 Hall, Radclyffe 353 Henry of Blois 48, 49 Hamilton & Co. 382, 383, 410 Henryson, Robert 127 Hamish Hamilton 383, 410, 414, 418, 437 Heraclitus Ridens 160–161, 172 Hammicks 435 Hernu, Peter 449 Hammond, Mary 323–324 Herringman, Henry 173 Hampson, Frank 393 Hetherington, Henry 264–265 Handel, George Frederick: Heyer, Georgette 351 Messiah 283–284 Heywood, Abel 264, 304–305 handmade books 98–101. See also Hickes, George 31 manuscript production “Hicklin Test” 398–399, 400 post‐Middle Ages Higden, Ranulph: Polycronicon 79 Hanley, James 353 High Commission 147, 166 Hardman, Phillipa 67 The Highland Castle, and The Lowland Hardy, Thomas 293, 324, 330 Cottage 256 Desperate Remedies 325 Hill, Nicholas 83, 84 The Mayor of Casterbridge 325 Hill, Rowland 303 Hardy Boys series 437 Hills, Henry 171 Harlequin Books 411, 414 Hills, Henry, Jr. 200 Harley Psalter. See Ultrecht Psalter Hinks, John 302 Harmsworth, Alfred (Lord Northcliffe) historiated initials 48–49, 50 328, 331, 335, 336, 344, 391 The History of Little Goody Harmsworth, Jonathan 448 Two‐Shoes 213 Harold Lever 424 History Today 388, 432 Harper & Row 415 Hitler, Adolf, and Nazi Germany 341, HarperCollins 415, 433 345, 360 Harris, Frank 335 The Hive, Or, Weekly Entertaining Harrison, Philippa 422, 434 Register 262 Harris’s List of Covent‐Garden Ladies 226 HMV 435

0004239427.INDD 523 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM 524 Index

Hobbes, Thomas: Leviathan 170, 176 i Hobhouse, Margaret: “I Appeal Unto IBM 445 Caesar” 337 Igarashi, Hitoshi 447 Hoccleve, Thomas 59–60, 61, 87, 89 illuminated manuscripts 49, 53–57, 55, 72 Hodder & Stoughton 350, 351, 358, 380, Illustrated London News 293, 302, 382, 415 306–307, 333 War Book Department 337 Illustrated Old English Hexateuch “Yellow Jacket” series 349 42–43 Hodder Headline Ltd. 414, 415 illustrations Hodge, Alan 388 in Britannia. See engravings Hogarth Press 352, 353, 411 collotype process 292 Hogg, Alexander 242 copper plates used for 309 Hoggart, Richard 379, 380, 382, 399, 403 cover pictures for novels 328 Holkham Bible 54, 57, 58 etchings 112 Holland, Philemon 108 frontispieces 173, 175 Hollis, Patricia: The Pauper Press 263 front page of periodicals in nineteenth Holroyd‐Reece, John 355 and twentieth centuries 270, 270, Holtzbrinck Publishing Group 415 272, 335 Home, Stewart 449, 450 half‐tone process 333, 404–405, 445 Home Chat 343 iron presses and 230 Home Notes 343 lithography technology 282, 292, 309 Homer offset lithography technology 404–409 The Iliad 193 pen and ink sketches, use of 333 Pope’s translation of 199, 203 penny novel journals and serialization Hondius, Jodocus 112 using, 272 274, 276–277, 278 Hone, William 255 photoetchings 333, 404 Hookham, Thomas 236 photographs, reproduction of 292, Hopkins, John 132 333–334, 366 Horace: Poems 173 in posters 309 horror comics 400–401 in reprints of eighteenth‐century Housewife (magazine) 393 titles 234, 235 Housman, A.E.: A Shropshire Lad 321 steel (instead of copper) plates used how‐to manuals 157–158 for 259, 277 Huett, Lorna 271 in Victorian era 292 Hulme, Keri 426 imported books Hulton Press 391, 393 ban on (1662) 169 Hume, David: History of England 232 Bible imported from Continent 18, 112, Humfrey of Lancaster, library of 102–103 113, 163, 168 Humphreys, Hugh 302 copyright violations in eighteenth Hunter, Joseph 245, 246, 250 century 203 Huntley, Jessica and John 420 English booksellers offering 68 Hurst, Robinson & Co. 257 erotica as 215 Hurst & Blackett 328 Irish Franciscans importing books in Hutchinson, Lucy 150 Irish 129 Hutchinson & Co. 349, 400, 401, 414 Oxford University’s use of 125 Hutton, Catherine: The Welsh price effect on British publishers Mountaineer 237–238 from 239

0004239427.INDD 524 11/29/2018 1:57:28 PM Index 525

Ince, Henry: Outlines of English popular print in 348–351 History 295 public education in 345–346 incunabula 68 reading choices of general public The Independent 448 during 366–370 The Independent on Sunday 437, 448 technological developments in printing Independent Television (ITV) 371, 395, industry in 362–366 410, 414, 418 Ireland India chapbook publication in 242 banning of Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses copyright law extended to in 446–447 (1801) 239 Booker Prize winners, perceptions early printing in 129–130 of 427 outside of 1710 copyright act 202 as export market 317–318, 360, 389 periodicals in 180 indigenous English‐language publishing Irish, first books in 129 industry in 361, 389 Irving, Washington 283 initials, types in medieval ISBN (International Standard Book manuscripts 48–49 Number) 432 ink Isidore of Seville 51 in lithography 282 Islam, and banning of Rushdie’s The Satanic in manuscripts of Middle Ages Verses 446–447 24–25 Islip, Adam 87 in offset lithography 404 in printing press process 75–78, 111 j in rotogravure 366 Jackson, Kate 332 In Lebor Ogaim (Book of Oghams) 30 Jackson, Len 378 insular Gospel Books 23, 27, 34–35, 48, Jackson, Peter 418 49, 53, 102, 123. See also Book of Kells; Jackson’s Oxford Journal 238 Lindisfarne Gospels Jacobites 185, 186, 187, 191, 199 intaglio. See engravings Jacobs, Edward 265 International and Colonial Copyright Jacobs, Jerry 430 Act (1886) 318 James I 90, 126, 156, 162 International Copyright Act (1891) 318 James II 138, 151, 154, 158, 169, 171, 172, International Publishing Corporation 185 (IPC) 392, 393 James IV 126, 127 Interregnum. See Civil Wars and James, C.L.R. 359 Interregnum (1642–1660) James, E.L.: 50 Shades of Grey 455 interwar years (1920–1940) James, G.P.R. 281 341–370 James, Henry 321 elite minority culture in 351–354 Janeway, James: A Token for interaction of types of mass media (radio Children 211–212 and cinema) 341–343 Janson, Hank. See Frances, Stephen libraries, availability of 346–348 Jarrolds 378 limited editions in 351–353 Jebb, Henry: Out of The Depths 313 Penguin and reinvention of the reprint Jerome, St. 36 355–358 Jewsbury, Geraldine 287 periodical publishing in 343–345 J.H. Parker’s bookshop (London) 299 political books in 358–360 Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer 426

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J.M. Dent & Sons 347 Judith of Flanders 27 “Everyman’s Library” 320, 321, 323, Jugge, Richard 119 346, 347, 355, 356 Julian, Robert 174 Kings’ Treasuries of Literature 345 Julian of Norwich Net Book Agreement and 327 first female author in English 23, 93 “Temple Shakespeare” series 327 Revelations of Divine Love 23 World War I policies of 336–337 “Junius” letters in The Public John Murray Advertiser 218, 222–223 advertising by 238 Junius manuscript 43, 48 “Colonial and Home Library” 317 jury trials for violations of print copyright protection of American regulations 171–172, 216 authors published by 283 Jus Populi Vindicatum 170 “Dramatic Series” 267 Juvenal: Satires 173 “Family Library” series 267–268, 280, 281 juvenile market. See children’s books and as independent publisher 241, 242 papers London location of 299 Oliver & Boyd as Scottish agents k for 298 Kauffman, Stanley: The Philanderer 400, phototypesetting used by 407, 408 401 “Reading for The Rail” series 280 Kaufman, Paul 236 Scott and 257 Kearsley, George: Gentleman and Times criticism of 328 Tradesman’s Pocket Ledger 238 using Blackwood as Edinburgh agent 256 The Keepsake 256, 258–259 Johnson, Archibald 170 Kegan Paul (& Trench) 326 Johnson, Samuel 205, 208, 209 Keiser, George 65–66 Hurlothrumbo 199 Kele, Richard 84 “The Idler” 222 Kelmscott Press and Kelmscott style Lives of the Most Eminent English 321, 323 Poets 234 Kempe, Margery 23, 93 “Prefaces, Biographical and Book of Margery Kempe 63, 96 Critical” 221 Keneally, Thomas 426 The Rambler 223 Kenyon, Frederic 54 Johnson, Thomas 202–203 Ker, Neil 102, 103 Jonathan Cape 356, 362, 372, 382, 387, Khomeini, Ayatollah 447 410, 411 Kidd, Benjamin: Social Evolution 324 Jones, Thomas 376 Kindle e‐readers and publishing 2, 3, Jonson, Ben 452–455, 453 First Folio (1616), 122 124 King, Andrew 270 Second Folio (1640–1641) 124 King, Cecil Harmsworth 391, 392 “To Penshurst” 93 King, Edmund 368 Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 432 King, John 98, 112–113 journals. See periodicals and newspapers King James Bible. See Bible Joyce, James King’s Printer 87, 119, 128, copyright law and 6 130, 253 Dubliners 321 Kip, William 112 Ulysses 334, 353, 354, 356, 357, The Kiss in the Tunnel (film) 336 398–399, 402 Klancher, Jon 259–260

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Knight, Charles 262, 265, 269, 272–273, Eadwine Psalter 45 274, 275, 304 Great Bible’s title page in 114–118 Old England 293 Historia regum Britannie in both Latin originator of “Illuminated Printing” 293 and vernacular 63 The Printing Machine 265 Holkham Bible 57 Knopf Doubleday 458 in Ireland 33 Knowles, Reginald 321 Lindesfarne Gospels 36 Knox, John: Book of Common Order 129 Oxford University’s use of imported Koenig steam press 261 books in 125 Korea, cast type in 67 prayers in 56 Kovač, Miha 426 restrictions on importing books in (1662) 169 l Thornton manuscripts 65, 66 Labour Party 341, 345, 359, 388, 392, 396, unfamiliarity with, in early Middle 417 Ages 37 Lachmann, Karl 63 Vulgate in 19, 112 Lackington, Allen & Co. 230 Laud, William 53, 72, 128, 139, 156, Lackington, James 243 162, 166 Lady’s Pictorial 334 Lawrence, D.H.: Lady Chatterley’s Lover 4, Lahr, Charles 354 353, 354, 402–403, 412 Lambarde, William: Perambulation of Lawrence, Martin 358 Kent 106, 107 Lawrence & Wishart 358 The Lancet 263 Lear, Edward: Book of Nonsense 292 Lane, Allen 355–357, 373, 377, 384, Leavis, F.R. 347, 351, 368 402–403, 411, 414, 417, 418. See also Leavis, Q.D. 347, 348, 351, 356, 357, 366, Penguin Books 367, 368 Lane, John 321, 323, 355–357, 360, 373, Lebedev, Alexander and Evgeny 448 384, 417. See also Penguin Books Lee, Alan 305 Lane, Richard 352, 355–357, 360, 373, Lee, Richard: The Man 264 383, 384, 417 Le Fanu, Sheridan 326 Lane, William: “Minerva Library” 236 copyright reversions for works Langland, William: Piers Plowman 60, of 286 62, 79 Guy Deverell 286 Language of the Eye (song) 284 Uncle Silas 286, 315 Lansborough, Gordon 383, 410 Wylder’s Hand 286, 293–294, 296 Lansbury, George 341 Left Book Club 358, 359, 369 Lanyer, Aemelia: Salve Deus Rex Iudaeorum Lehmann, John 411 and “The Description of Lehmann, Rosamond 420 Cookeham” 93 Leigh’s New Picture of London 242, 299 Lardent, Victor 364 Leighton, Archibald 290 Larkin, Philip: “Annus Mirabilis” 403 The Leisure Hour: A Family Journal of LaRose, John 420 Instruction and Entertainment 271 laser printers 445 Lekpreuik, Robert 128 Laski, Harold 346, 358 Leland, John 103, 106 Latin Leofric, Bishop 43 Bede’s writing in 11–13, 12 Le Queux, William 367 Camden’s Britannia in 108 L’escholle des Filles 215

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L’Estrange, Roger 150, 161, 169, 170, vernacular literacy 90 171, 174 widespread by 1920s 345 Levellers 142, 143 of women 65, 90, 92 Lever, Charles: The Knight of Gwynne 296 literary agents, role of 325 Lewer, William 305 literary annual, introduction of 258 Lewis, C. Day 403 Literary Chronicle 262–263 Lewis Smith & Son 298, 335, 336 Literary Gazette 261, 263, 267, 295, 313 Lhuyd, Edward: Archaeologia Literary Guild 348 Britannica 299 Literary Journal 262 libraries. See also circulating libraries; The Literary Souvenir 258–259 subscription libraries; specific libraries literature, works of. See also canon of by name English literature charitable libraries 346 independent publishers focusing on public libraries 330–331, 346–347, literary fiction 419 427–428 market share in Elizabethan era 121 twopenny libraries 347, 350–351 organizing principles in seventeenth Library Agreement (1929) 346 century 172–174 Library Company Limited 312–314 popularity of, World War I and years Library Company of Philadelphia 207 following 367–368 Licensing statutes 137, 160, 165–172, Little, Brown 421, 422 177, 185, 189. See also Stationers’ Little Gidding harmonies 101, 113 Company A Little Pretty Pocket‐Book 213 Lichfield Cathedral 41–42 Little Review 353 Liddell and Scott: Greek‐English Lexicon Lloyd, Edward and Lexicon Chiefly for the Use of Abdalla the Moor and the Spanish Schools 294 Knight 274 The Life and Opinions of Jeremiah Don Caesar de Barzan: A Romance of Kunastrokius 207 Spain 274 Life on Earth 418 Lloyd’s Penny Sunday Times 274 Lightning Source 445–446 Lloyd’s Penny Weekly Miscellany 269, 270 Lilburne, John 168 Lloyd’s Pictorial Library of Standard Limbird, John 262–263, 265, 266, 268, 269 Works 274 Lindisfarne Gospels 35–37, 38, 40, 42 Lloyd’s Weekly London Ling, Nicholas 69–70 Newspaper 274–275, 309, 331–332 Linklater, Eric: Poet’s Pub 356 mass audience of, crossover between Linley, Elizabeth 224 newspaper and penny literacy weeklies 274–275 decline alleged in 1970s 423 reworking of Dickens 275 in Middle Ages 14, 15, 23, 36 Lloyd George, David 344 new readers as target audience for reprint Llyfr Aneirin/Book of Aneirin 16 series 231 Locke, Anne: A Meditation of a Penitent rise at end of Middle Ages 90 Sinner 93 rise in fifteenth century 65 Locke, John 172, 201 rise in late seventeenth and early Essay Concerning Human eighteenth century 195, 196, Understanding 196 203–204 Lockhart, John Gibson 258 rise post‐World War II globally 371 Life of Napoleon 267

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London, Jack 350 Macfadden 395 London and North Western Railway MacGibbon and Key 410 (LNWR) 281, 307 Macintosh Plus. See Apple Mac London as it is Today 304 Mackean, D.G.: Introduction to London Chronicle 238 Biology 407, 408 The London Daily Post 223 Mackenzie, Compton The London Gazette 158–162, 159, 177, Carnival 356 178, 179, 188, 223 The Passionate Elopement 328 London Journal 180, 190, 307 Sinister Street 330 The London Journal; and Weekly Record of Mackenzie, Henry: The Man of Literature, Science, and Art 269–272, Feeling 226 272, 274 Mackenzie, Kelvin 448 The London Magazine 183, 224 Maclaren, Ian: Beside the Bonnie Brier London Weekend Television 414 Bush 324 Long, Catherine: Sir Roland Ashton 302 Macmillan 319, 326, 358, 415 Longman 238, 239, 261, 285, 287, 345, Books of Reading 317 387, 389–390, 411, 415 British Commonwealth countries as educational publishing for Nigeria market for 389 by 424 “Colonial Library” 317–318, 325 Liddell and Scott’s Greek‐English Lexicon English language teaching market 424 jointly issued with OUP 294 Indian subsidiaries of 361 Notes on Books 296 Net Book Agreement and 327 Oliver & Boyd agreements with 298 Pacesetters series or paperback romances Traveller’s Library series 280, 283 and thrillers 425 Longman, Mark 411 publisher’s reader, role of 325 Longman, Thomas Norton 241 as textbook publisher 387 Longman & Rees 235 “Text Books for Indian Schools” Longmans, Green, & Co. 361 series 317 Love, Harold 97 in World War II 374 Lovelace, Richard 140–142 Macmillan, Alexander 295, 317 Low, Sampson: The English Catalogue 296 Macmillan, Harold 376–377, Lowe, E.A. 24 389–390, 403 Lutterworth Press 390 Macmillan and Collins 382 Luttrell, Geoffrey 54 Macmillan’s Magazine 279 Luttrell Psalter 53–57, 55 Magazine of Magazines 224 Lydgate, John Maher, Terry 432 Caxton printing works of 68 Maidment, Brian 262 in Findern manuscript 65 Mail on Sunday 448 as poet 126 Malory, Thomas: Morte Darthur Lyly, John 92 Caxton as printer of 68, 72, 73, 78, Lynch, Deidre 237 83, 96 Lyttleton, Edward 148 Caxton as source of subsequent printings 96 m de Worde as printer of 72, 74, 79 Macaulay, Thomas 294–295 Winchester manuscript 77–78, 96 The History of England 304, 306, 312 Mamut, Alexander 434 Warren Hastings 280 Manby Smith, Charles 288–289

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Manchester Figaro 335 Marlowe, Christopher: Doctor Mandrake Press 354 Faustus 123 Man Group plc 426 Married Women’s Property Act Manly, John M. 64 (1882) 332 The Manner of Making Coffee, Tea, and Marryat, Florence: Too Good for Him 285 Chocolate 157 Marryat, Frederick 259, 306 manners books 157 Poor Jack 277 Mansfield, Lord 220 Marsden, Richard 28, 102 Mantel, Hilary 428 Marsh, Henry 170 manuscript production in Middle Martin, Gilbert 233 Ages 18–28, 83. See also scribes Martin, Henri‐Jean 7 alchemical manuscripts 123 Martin Secker & Warburg 359, 400, 401 bindings and treasure bindings 27 Martyn, Benjamin: Timoleon 201–202 carpet pages 34 Marvell, Andrew 169, 172 codex 22 Mary I 118 collecting manuscripts after Middle Maschler, Tom 416 Ages 101–105 Massachusetts Bay Colony 130–132 colophons 35–36, 62, 69 mass audience corrections to errors 26 emergence in mid‐1800s 269 decorated 24 in late Victorian era 331–332 palimpsest 22 miscellanies aimed at 269–270, 279 pastedowns 27 reprints between 1880 and 1910 aimed persistence in age of print 95–101 at 320 printer’s copy 74, 79 selection of books for publication based private collectors of 103 on appeal to 287 quires and boards 26–27 unsuccessful attempts of publishers to scriptio continua 36 reach 283 scripts and letter formation 24. See also mass media scripts cinema’s relationship with sigla 63 publishing 338, 342–343 signe de renvoi 26 internet, video games, and cinema as tools and inks 24–25 competition to print 456 variance 64, 74, 79 introduction of radio and word separation 36–37 television 341–342 manuscript production post‐Middle Ages multimedia franchising 418–419 in digital age 444 television as competition to print 371, handmade books 98–101 372, 422–423 handwritten texts as “invisible books” during World War II 372 229–230 mass production (pre‐1870) poetry in seventeenth century 174 edition binding 292 recipe and verse collections 246 in high and later Middle Ages 59 scribal publication in sixteenth and Victorian‐era innovations 287–292 seventeenth centuries 98 mass production, era of Manutius, Aldus 72, 364 (1870–1920) 317–338 maps, 17, 108, 110 112 colonial and overseas markets 317–318 Marchaunt, John (Scribe D) 60–61 copyright in late nineteenth March‐Philips, Evelyn 334 century 318–324

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distribution, promotion, and illuminated and illustrated sales 327–331 books 53–57, 55 getting published in 324–327 ink and paper 75–78 literary agents, role of 325 making and using medieval Morris and Kelmscott Press opposed to manuscripts 18–28. See also mass production methods 321 manuscript production in Middle Ages newspapers, magazines, and orality and aurality 14–18 propaganda 331–338 printer’s mark, use of, 69 69–70 rejection of mainstream bourgeois printing houses 74, 75 culture 323 psalters. See psalters; Utrecht Psalter mastheads, head titles as forerunner relics of St. Cuthbert 28–29. See also of 148 Cuthbert, St.; St. Cuthbert Gospel Mathew, Theobald 398, 402 remediation 11–13 Mathews, Elkin 321 runes and Ogham 29–33 Matthews, John 185 scribes in 58–62. See also scribes Maurois, Andre: Ariel 356, 357 vernacular literature in 42–44 Maxwell, Robert 376, 388, 392, Mehta, “Sonny” 458 403, 415 Meldrum, David Storrar 325 Maxwell, W.B.: The Devil’s Garden 330 Melvill, David 129 Mayfair (men’s magazine) 395 Melville, Herman 283 Mayhew, Henry 272, 274, 284, 300 memoirs McAleer, Joseph 324, 331 after World War I 349 McCann, Coolidge 380 recollections of books and reading McCarthyism 399 in 368 McCullers, Carson 383 Wright’s memoir Spycatcher, effect on McDonald, Peter 321, 324 national security laws 446 McGee, Alan 448 Memoirs of Henrietta Caracciolo: Ex McGraw, Hugh Patrick: The Man in Benedictine Nun 297 Control 400 Menon, V.K. Krishna 360 McKenzie, D.F. 64 Men Only 395 McKitterick, David 252 men’s magazines 393–395 McLuhan, Marshall: The Gutenberg Menzies, John 296, 303, 304 Galaxy 6 Scottish agent for Chapman & Hall 298 Meadows, Daisy (pseud. of collective group Scottish railway bookstalls operated of authors) 428, 438–439 by 306, 307, 338 The Mechanics’ Magazine 263 mercuries 147–151, 177 Medical Commentaries 238 Mercurius Anti‐Britannicus 148 medieval period 1, 4, 11–47, 48–80 Mercurius Aulicus 148, 149, 150 anthologies in fifteenth century 64–67 Mercurius Britanicus 148, 150 coming of print 67–68 Mercurius Civicus 150 establishing the texts of (“best text” Mercurius Diutinus (not Britanicus) 148 method) 62–64 Mercurius Melancholius 148 Giant Bibles 48–49, 50 Mercurius Morbicus 150 gospels. See insular Gospel Books; St. Mercurius Politicus 149 Cuthbert Gospel Meredith, George 325 Guthlac Roll 49 Mergenthaler Linotype Company histories 52–53 319, 406

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mergers and takeovers 410–411, 413, mise‐en‐page 1, 60 414–415 missals 23, 78, 127 Merlini Anglici Ephemeris (almanac) 165 missionaries 360, 361, 424. See also Bay Merriman, H.S. 318 Psalm Book messengers of the press 169, 200 Mist, Nathaniel 187 Methuen 321 Mist’s Journal 179, 180 Metropolitan Magazine 259 Mitford, Mary Russell 237–238, 258 Meynell, Francis 362 mobility of books 3 Meynell, Wilfred 362 Cooke’s pocket editions and 234 Michael Joseph 410 in Middle Ages 33, 34, 43, 44, 45 micro‐publishers 448–451 regulation difficult due to 4, 446 Microsoft 365 smaller format produced in eighteenth middle‐class readers century and 192 distribution revolution (1820–1870) The Moderate (newsbook) 148 and 257, 259–260, 268–269, 272, monasteries and monastic foundations 279, 316 Abbey of St. Mary’s at Sherborne 56 interwar years (1920–1940) and 347, Bury St. Edmunds 51, 52, 104 348, 349, 356 Canterbury (St. Augustine’s) 34, 43, 103 in late eighteenth century 231 Collectanea 103 mass production and 330, 331, 332 Crowland Abbey 49 Middle English 57 Dissolution of the Monasteries 22, 27, Brut in 63 29, 51, 56, 102–103 Holkham Bible in 57, 58 Durham 104 Wycliffite Bible in 113 Echternach 34 The Middlesex Journal 223 Iona 33, 34, 42 Middleton, Thomas: A Game at Chess 98 Kells 34 Millais, John Everett 292 Lindisfarne 28, 34, 35, 42, 101 Millar v. Taylor (1769) 220 Margam Abbey 52 Miller, William 383, 419 Merton 103 Mills & Boon 350–351, 385, 386, 411, 412, Monkwearmouth–Jarrow 18–28, 33, 414, 459 34–35, 42, 45, 51, 457 Milton, John Ramsey 103 Areopagitica 167 Rochester 103 Eikonoklastes 144–146, 146 St. Alban’s 52, 103 Paradise Lost 169, 172, 173, 200, St. Mary in Abingdon 52 207, 219 scribes 23–24, 25, 57–59 Miners’ Institute libraries 368 Waltham Abbey 102 Minerva Press 241, 255, 256 Weingarten (Bavaria) 27 miniatures 49, 242 Winchester Cathedral’s Benedictine miracle stories 29, 35, 38, 66 Priory 51 Miriam May 313 Worcester 103 Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Monbiot, George 431 Instruction 262–263, 269 Monck, George 151–152 miscellanies 65, 95, 104. See also Monmouth, Duke of 154 anthologies Monotype Corporation 319–320, 362, cheap miscellany periodicals 261–263, 406, 407 268–272, 279–280, 307, 316 The Monthly Review 209

0004239427.INDD 532 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM Index 533

Mooney, Linne 62 music industry, micro‐publishers’ links Moorcock, Michael 395, 396 with 448–450 Moore, George 313, 314 Myllar, Andro 69, 126. See also Chepman, Esther Waters 330 Walter Moore, John: Edward and A View of Society and Manners 237, 238 n Moore, Thomas: Lalla Rookh 239 Naipaul, V.S. 426 Moran, James 362 Nancy Drew series 437 Morgan, J. Pierpont 54–56 National Council of Labour Colleges 346 Morison, Stanley 349, 350, 362, 364, 384 National Heritage Memorial Fund 18 Morley, John 325 National Home Reading Union 331 The Morning Chronicle 261 National Labour Press 337 The Morning Herald 261, 305 National Magazine Company 393 Morning Star 345 National Union of Teachers 400 Morphew, John 198 National Union of the Working Class 264 Morris, Marcus 393, 400 National War Aims Committee Morris, William 321 (NWAC) 337 Morrison, Alison 458 Nazi Germany. See Hitler, Adolf, and Nazi Moseley, Humphrey 92–93, 173 Germany Mosley, Oswald 378 Nelson, Thomas 318, 320, 345 Mountbatten, Earl 392 Net Book Agreement 387, 396–398, 416, mouvance 64 432–435, 451 Moxon, Edward 292 New Adelphi Theatre (London) 307 Moxon, Joseph: Mechanick Exercises, New American Library (NAL) 411 76 158 New Beacon Books 420 Mrs. Deighton’s library and bookshop Newbery, John 212, 213, 238, 242 (Worcester) 311 Newbery, Ralph 106 Mudie, Charles Edward 313 Newby, Richard 285 Mudie’s Select Library 297, 311–315, Newby, T.C. 295 330, 346 Newcastle Courant 180 Mulgrave, Earl of: An Essay on Satire 170 The New Coterie 354 multilingualism 38, 45. See also A New Description of Merryland 215 translation New English Library (NEL) 411 Munro, Harold 354 New Lady’s Magazine 242 Murder Most Foul: An American Observer New Line Cinema 418 on the Western Front 337 Newman, A.K. 256 Murdoch, Iris 426 Newman & Co. 241 Murdoch, Rupert 345, 392, 415, New Monthly Magazine 261 443, 448 Newnes, George. See George Newnes, Ltd. Murray, John. See John Murray New Philology 64 mushroom publishers 379–383, 395, The New Poor Law Bill in Force 255 399–401, 410, 450 New Quarterly Review 313 music books 157 newsagents, growth of 336 cheap editions 284 Newsagents’ Publishing Company 336 gramophone records 341 newsbooks 147–151, 158, 177 lithography technology and 283 News Chronicle 345 for performance around the piano 284 The New Scientist 388, 432

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News Corporation/News Corp. “cheap” editions of Victorian 415, 448 authors 280–283, 285, 306 News of the World 392 circulating libraries and 236, 237, 255, newspapers. See periodicals and 293, 297 newspapers; specific newspapers by cover pictures for 328 name in Macmillan’s “Colonial Library” 318 Newspaper Stamp Committee 264 market town bookshops selling or New Testament. See Bible renting 243 Newton, Isaac 161 new genres in early nineteenth New Worlds (science fiction century 256, 258 magazine) 384, 395, 396, 399 octavo format used for 255 The New York Times 455 penny‐novel journals 269–275 The New‐York Weekly Journal 187 pocket editions of. See Cooke, Charles New Zealand as export market 231, 360 pricing of 256 Ngugi wa Thiong’o 427 re‐gendering of audience to male Nichols, Beverly: Twenty‐Five 356 readers 258 Nichols, Ross 354 shift from female to male‐authored Nielsen BookScan 439 genre 256 Noble, Francis and John 236 “shilling shockers” 319 Noel, William 45 single volume becoming favored format Nonesuch Press 362 for 256, 316, 319 Norman Conquest 14, 45 triple‐deckers (three‐volume North, Lord 217 format) 255, 256, 267, 286, 293, North, Roger 160 296–297, 319 The North Briton 217–218, 223 Nowell, Laurence, and Nowell Codex 44 Northcliffe, Lord. See Harmsworth, nuns as scribes 23 Alfred NWC (North Wales Chronicle) North Wales Chronicle (NWC) 309 302, 303, 309 Norton Anthology of English Literature 16 Notary, Julian 68, 124, 127, 129 o Nova Publications 395 Oakeshott, Walter 96 Nova Scotia Gazette 213 Oates, Titus: A True Narrative of the Horrid Novelist’s Magazine 242 Plot 153 Novel Library 343 obscene libel 185–187, 215, 398–404 Novello, Alfred 284 Obscene Publications Acts (1857, novels 1959) 353, 398, 401–402 audience for and popularity of obscenity. See pornography (1770–1810s) 235–237, 255 The Observator 160–161, 172, 195 audience for and popularity of The Observer 448 (1890–1914) 331 O’Connell, Daniel: Memoir serial 270 audience for and popularity of (in O’Connor, T.P. 332–333, 335 interwar period) 349 Octopus group 415 binding and outward appearance Odhams Press 345, 391–392 of 256, 258 Office of Fair Trading 432, 434 character development and reader Official Secrets Act (1989) 446 attachment to characters in offset lithography 404–409, 405, 237–238 408, 443

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ogham writing system 30 cinema adaptations of works of 343 oil embargo and price increases of Othmar 326 1970s 416–417 Under Two Flags 326–327 Ojora, Otunda 424 Ovid Old English Ars amatoria 33 Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle in 51 Metamorphoses 87, 174 Bede’s writing in 11–13, 12 Owen, Frank 378 Eadwine Psalter in 45, 46 Owen, Ursula 420–421 fonts 106 The Oxford Gazette (later The London Illustrated Old English Gazette) 158 Hexateuch 42–43 Oxford University Press (OUP) 169 Lindesfarne Gospels in 36 advertising by 238, 239, 295, 296 Roman alphabet and runes mixed bed and platen presses used by 287 in 29–30 Bible printing by 252–253 Roman alphabet table with Saxon colonial school market and 361, 389 equivalents 108 English language teaching rune poem 31 market 424–425 vernacular literature in 42–44, 53 Faber working for 354 Old Testament. See Bible Indian subsidiaries of 361 Old Welsh 38 J.H. Parker’s bookshop (London) as main Oliphant, Margaret 270 retailer for 299 Oliver, Jocelyn 390 Liddell and Scott as bestseller for 294 Oliver & Boyd 241, 298 offset lithography, effect of 408 Once A Week (magazine) 279 “Oxford Pamphlets on World Affairs” Onwhyn, Joseph: The Hive, Or, Weekly series 377 Entertaining Register 262 postcolonial market of 390–391 Open Access movement 430, in recession of 1970s 417 431–432 stationers 125 Oppenheim, E.P. 367 Three Crowns series 391, 425 Oracle (magazine) 343 “The World’s Classics” series 320, orality 1 321, 418 Beowulf’s origins in 14 in World War II 374 Caedmon’s Hymn as oral prior to written form 11 p Orczy, Baroness. See Scarlet Pimpernel Pacey, Joseph 382 novels pacifism 337, 341 Ordinance for the Regulating of Printing Paine, Thomas: The Rights of (1643) 167 Man 240–241, 264 Orwell, George 379, 399 Painter, George 127 Animal Farm 359 paleography 18, 24 Homage to Catalonia 359 Paley’s Natural Theology 268 The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and Pall Mall Gazette 332 the English Genius 359 Pan Books 382, 454, 458 The Road to Wigan Pier 359 Pan Macmillan 415 Orwell Press 448 Panther Books Ltd. 382, 383, 404, Ottakar’s 435 410, 415 Ouida 423 Science Fiction imprint 383–384

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paper Parton Press 354 before and after arrival of printing Partridge, Eric: Usage and Abusage 420 press 75–78 Partridge, John 181 cream colored paper, Penguin book Paston letters 14 using 384 Paton, Hugh 307 expense of, in nineteenth century 289 patronage 23, 43, 199, 351, 457 first uses of 66 Payne & Foss 299 Fourdrinier papermaking machine 230 Payne’s Universal Chronicle 223 improvements in papermaking Pearsall, Derek 60 (1780–1820) 230 Pearson 411, 414, 415 invented in China 75 Pearson, C. Arthur 331, 332, 357–358 machine‐made paper 230, 289 Pearson/Longman 424 paper mills, first appearance in Europe Pearson’s Magazine, 334 335 and England 75–77 Pearson’s Weekly 331 preparation for printing in wetting pecia system 4, 59, 78, 125 room 290 Peg’s Paper 343, 369–370 selection of 290 Pelican Press 362 wood pulp, acidity of 290 Pendulum 395 World War II rationing of 358, Penguin Books 352, 355–358, 378, 459 372–373, 376, 379 Australian branch of 389 paperbacks bookshops of 414, 447 age of mass‐market paperback Hamish Hamilton imprint. See Hamish (1940–1970) 371–412 Hamilton educational market and 387 hardback imprint of 410 effect on circulating libraries 386 imitators of 371, 382, 383 large format 319 Lady Chatterley’s Lover publication and offset lithography used for covers obscenity lawsuit 402–403, 412 of 408, 443 “Modern Painters” series 388 “paperback revolution” of interwar Pearson’s acquisition of 415 years 355 “Pelican” series 346, 357, 359–360, pulp fiction 372, 378–382 376, 377 sales exceeding hardback sales Penguin Classics 382–383, 456, 457 (1983) 417 “Penguin Special” nonfiction 357 “shilling shockers” 319 in recession of 1970s 417 vertical publishing model 410, 414, 417 reprint role from 1948 on, in parcel post 303 arrangement with consortium of parchment 20, 22–23, 26, 27, 75 literary publishers 383–384, 418 Paris, Matthew 52 scholarly paperbacks 432 Parisian book trade (thirteenth “Shaw Million” 383, 403 century) 59 Specials series 360 Paris Psalter (c. 1180–1190) 45 stock valuation (1960) 403 Parker, Matthew 70, 96, 103, 104–106, Tschichold’s Composition 108, 112, 119 Rules 384–385, 385 Parkes, Malcolm 24, 59, 61 “World’s Classics” series 418 Parry, John Orlando: A London Street Scene in World War II 367, 373, 374, (painting) 309 376–377 Parsons, Ian 398 Penguin Group 414

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Penguin Random House 418 government subsidies paid to gain Penn, William 143, 158 support for government The Pennsylvania Gazette 224 189–190, 217 Penny, Charles 265 halfpenny evening newspapers in late Penny Cyclopaedia 264, 266, 269 Victorian era 332, 335 The Penny Magazine 264, 265, 269, 287, hot‐metal used for newspapers until 291, 296 1986 408, 409 “Penny National Library” (series) 266 in interwar period Penny Papers for the People 264 (1920–1940) 343–345 The Penny Story Teller 264 invention and proliferation in mid‐ Pentos PLC 432, 435 seventeenth century 147–148 The People’s Friend 343, 395 journalism in digital age 455–456 People’s Police Gazette 265 in late seventeenth century and early Pepwell, Henry 96 eighteenth century 158–162 Pepys, Samuel 156, 158, 170, 215 magazine, use of term 183 Perfect Diurnall of the Passages in market town bookshops printing and Parliament 148, 149 selling local newspapers 243 Perfect Occurrences of Parliament 150 men’s magazines 393–395 Pergamon Press 388 multi‐column format of 161, 223, 269 periodicals and newspapers 6. See also nationalism, relationship to 335 specific titles New Journalism 332 advertising in 178, 223, 238, 275–276, newsagents as sellers of 336 279, 296, 334–335 newsbooks 147–151, 177 American newspaper as model for non‐news‐related items published halfpenny evening in 179, 181–183, 223 newspapers 332–333 offset lithography and 408, 443 circulation of 179–180, 182, 185, parish newsletters 6, 442 223–224, 268, 271, 273, 331–332, partisanship of (1695–1740) 177–185 344, 392 pen and ink sketches, use of 333 coffeehouses and 175–176. See also penny miscellanies 271, 279, 280, coffeehouses 307, 316 comic book industry 392–393 penny novel journals 269–275 community newsletters 442–443 penny weeklies and penny Sunday commuters and evening newspapers 331–332 newspapers 335–336 photographs, use of 333–334 costs of daily newspapers delivered pictorial tabloids 335, 392 outside of London 305 postscripts 178 distribution network throughout England post‐World War II 372, 391–396 and Scotland 303 prevalence of 223–224 editorial control of national newspapers proliferation in period 1820–1850 316 (2017) 447 provincial papers and papers in in eighteenth century 4, 222–225 American colonies and Ireland and experimental period of 1820s for 261 Scotland 180 fanzines. See fanzines public libraries providing 331 format of 177–178, 179, 188–189, 223 regional identities fostered by 335 frequency of publication 178, 223 scholarly journals 430–431 gossip in 224 science fiction magazines 395

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periodicals and newspapers (cont’d ) Playford, John 157 scientific journals 388, 429, 451 Plays. See also specific playwrights by name self‐fashioning by readers of 224 in anthologies 221, 232 serialization in. See book trade manuscript circulation at same time as in seventeenth century 158–159 print publication of 98 shilling monthly 279 medieval mystery plays 122 socialist press 332 OUP’s Three Crowns series specializing specialization in focus of 225 in African playwrights 391 sports coverage 333, 335 pre‐performance censorship of theater Stamp Act, effect on 187–189 productions (1737) 190, 217 story magazines aimed at women 395 printing of 121–124, 192, 217 technological changes in printing print market’s relationship with theater and 251, 261, 265–266 performances 343 unstamped vs. stamped single‐author collections of 173 newspapers 305, 306, 335 Pocketbooks 238, 246. See also Cooke, weekly journals 179 Charles World War I and newspaper sales 336 Pocket Books 382 World War II and 373, 378 The Poems of Ossian 232 Perris, G.H. 325 poetry. See also specific poets by name Perry, Mark 441 Bell’s The Poets of Great Britain Complete Peterson, Linda 279 from Chaucer to Churchill 232–234 Petyt, Thomas 84 dedicated independent publishers Phegley, Jennifer 279 of 419, 420 philanthropy 254, 330, 377 “English Poets” series of reprints Phillips, Samuel: Memoir of the Duke of (1765) 232 Wellington 283 Georgian poets 354 Philosophical Transactions 161 manuscript circulation of 174 Phoenix Book Company 347, 348 modernist 351, 354 photocopiers, 440 440–441 “The Modern Poets of Great Photon Corporation 406 Britain” 266 Pichon, Liz: Tom Gates series 457 Net Book Agreement, subsidy to poetry Pickering, William, 91 290, 299 and less profitable books as Picturegoer (1921–1960) 342 rationalization for 398, 432 Picturegoer: The Picture Theatre Magazine published usually at a loss 398 (1913–1922) 342 Poetry Bookshop 354 The Picture of London for 1816 299 political propaganda and publications 4. Pilgrim Trust 376, 377–378 See also seditious libel, crime of Pinker, J.B. 325 in Civil Wars and Interregnum Pinkhurst, Adam 62. See also Scribe B pamphlets 139–147, 141, 145–146 Piper, Andrew 259 in early eighteenth century 177–204 piracy election‐related handbills, pamphlets, in book trade 5, 167, 168, 202, 317, 455 etc. 225 e‐readers and 452 government subsidies paid to gain of music sheets 284 support for government in periodicals and papers 183 189–190, 217 Pitts, John 254 in interwar years (1920–1940) 344–345, Playboy 395 358–360

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nationalism of 1760–1770s and 224 presentation miniatures/images 49, 87 newspapers’ importance 344 presentation plates 259 Parliamentary petitions, speeches, prestige literary works vs. commercially debates, etc., publication of 139–140 viable fiction 5, 366–367 penny novel journals’ political Price, Leah 368 influence 275 pricing “Peterloo” (1819) inspired by Black Bentley and 297 Dwarf 262 “big books” deep discounts of radical politics of early nineteenth (1970–2018) 413, 433, 435–437, 452 century 262–263 bundling of journals for library in regime change of Restoration 151–156 subscribers and 430 small independent presses and 420 circulating libraries selling stock at Stamp Act, effect on 187–189. See also reduced prices 315–316 stamp tax of drama and plays 192 subscription library ban on works with in early nineteenth century 318–319 radical ideas 245 imported copies offered at lower during World War I 337–338 prices 203 during World War II. See World War II increases of 1960s 416 The Poor Man’s Advocate 264 increases of 1970s 417 The Poor Man’s Guardian 264, 265 of Irish editions 239 Pope, Alexander library discounts 346 book sizes of works of 192–193 Net Book Agreement (1900) 4–5, Dunciad Variorum 202, 203 325–328, 346, 387, 396–398, 416, Homer translation by 199, 203 432–435, 451 mocking publisher Curll 195 of novels in 1820s 256 Shakespeare edition (1725) 192 of periodicals and newspapers 178, 180, Works 202–203 188–189 Popish Plot 153–154, 155 price wars of rival editions 194, 202, 234 Popular Science 388 Restrictive Practices Acts (1948, 1953, & pornography 185–186, 215–217, 218, 300. 1956) 396–397 See also Obscene Publications Acts trade discounts 296–297, 303, 315, Lady Chatterley’s Lover publication 325, 397 and 4, 402–403, 412 during World War I 337 Ulysses publication and 353, 354, Priestley, J.B. 347, 366 398–399, 402 primers. See schoolbooks, textbooks, The Post Boy 177, 179, 181 primers postcolonial literature 231, 362, 389–391, Prince, Mary: The History of Mary Prince, a 425–427 West Indian Slave 249, 250 posters, illustrations and print in 309, 408 Princess Mary’s Gift Book 337 The Post Man 177, 178, 179, 181, 188 Pringle, Alexandra 420 PostScript page description language 443 print culture 2, 229–230, 242. See also pounce 22 book trade; everyday life Pound, Ezra 352 encouraging readers to become users as Powell, Humphrey 129 well as consumers of books 246 Powys, Llewelyn: Glory of Life 352, 352 endurance of the book 457–461 Pratt, Aaron 112–113 negative views toward mainstream Presbyterianism 128, 153, 155, 168 market and 323–324

0004239427.INDD 539 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM 540 Index

printing and printing houses. See also book large format books 98–100 trade laser printers 445 1586 decree confining to leading 74 London 125–126 Linotype machines 319–320, 333–334, 1643 Ordinance for the Regulating of 334, 362, 406, 406–407 Printing 167 lithography technology 282, 283, 292, 1662 Act for Preventing the 309, 404–409 frequent Abuses in Printing mid‐nineteenth to twentieth century 168–169 production costs 320 Albion printing press 230 Monotype machines 319–320, binding process. See binding 333–334, 362, 363, 406 blank pages included for owner to write moveable type 70 in 238 octavo 23, 192, 239, 255 burin tool 111, 234 offset lithography 404–409 cast type 67 paper. See paper change to smaller format and size of phototypesetting machines 405–407, books 192–194 406–407 chromolithography 283, 293 platen 230, 251, 261 color printing 282–283, 293, 309, press, effect of 3, 6, 81, 100, 125 366, 407 press reader, role of 289 composing sticks 74, 76 printer’s marks, 69 69–70 compositors 74 printer’s reader, role of 288, 289 corrected and uncorrected sheets bound “print on demand” publishing together 74, 84 model 445–446, 452 decoration of cover 292 print runs of eighteenth‐century development of print books 229, 235, production 105–111 239–240, 259 digital phototypesetting 445 printing houses in early modern downsizing of books into cheaper octavo period 74, 75, 84–95 format 239 printing houses in Ireland 129–130 drying room procedures 290 printing houses in London and duodecimo 144, 192, 231, 239, 240, 253, beyond 124–130 255–258 printing houses in Scotland 126–129 electrotype 319 punches 70 errata sheets 79 quad‐sized presses in mid‐nineteenth flong 252, 293, 294, 297 century print works 319 fonts. See fonts, typeface, type size quarto 23, 192 frontispiece 173, 175 recomposition for subsequent galley 74 editions 293 hand presses, continued use in red and black type, use of 83, Victorian era 288 127, 163 hot‐metal composing machines 319, relief method of 72 366, 408, 409 roller press 111, 291 illustrations. See illustrations rotary steam press 251 ink. See ink rotogravure 366, 404 iron press 230, 307 standing type 253, 293 jobbing work 4, 230, 309, 379 Stanhope printing press 230

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steam‐powered press 251, 253, 261, psalm books 162, 163 266, 268, 287–288 psalters 23, 33, 48–49, 53–54, 83, 90, 132, stereotyping 251, 252, 253, 263, 162, 163. See also Utrecht Psalter; 266, 268, 277, 288, 293, 294, specific psalters by name 297, 319 pseudonyms, use of 255, 295 table work, extra fee for figures and The Public Advertiser 218, 222 mathematical tables 288 public domain title pages 85, 86–87, 175 creation of concept of 5 upper‐ and lower‐case 74 in eighteenth‐century copyright watermarks 77 law 202, 221 Wharfedales (single‐cylinder Stationers’ Company not presses) 288 recognizing 200 women as owners of printing in United States (pre‐1891) 318 houses 92 public education 345–346 workers trained to use printing The Publick Intelligencer 149 press 68, 230 The Public Ledger 222, 305 “print on demand” 445–446, 452 Public Lending Right law (1982) Prior, Matthew 189–190 427–428, 439 Poems on Several Occasions 199 public libraries. See libraries Prise, Siôn 103 Public Libraries Act (1850) 330 Yny lhyvyr hwnn 70, 103 Public Libraries Act (1919) 346 Pritchard, William 302 Publishers Association 328, 398, 433 Privy Council 166 Book Club Regulations 348 Proceedings of the Aristotelian The Publishers’ Circular 296 Society 432 pulp fiction 372, 378–382, 395 Profile Books 420, 432, 451 Punch (magazine) 277, 307, 309, 310, 333 Progressive Bookshop (London) 354 Purcell, Henry 157 A Prophecy of the White King 143 Puritans 124, 132, 149, 150, 153, 156, 166 Prospectus 262 Pynson, Richard 68, 70, 124, 127, 129 prostitition 226 Protestants and Protestantism. See also q Church of England; Presbyterianism Quakers (Religious Society of Charles II and 151 Friends) 143 condemning ballads 89 Quaritch firm 54 emergence of 6 Quarterly Magazine 267 Little Gidding and 101 Quarterly Review 261, 287–288, 312 martyrology of 98, 100 Quartet Books 419, 420 Popish Plot and anti‐papist Quennell, Peter 388 sentiment 153–154, 155 quill pens 24 printing and distribution of English Quran 51 Bibles 90 Protestant Dissenters 160, 186, 191 r vernacular translation of Bible and 42 Raban, Edward 128, 129 provenance 22 Radcliffe, Ann: The Italian 236, 237 Prudentius: Psychomachia 51 radio broadcasting 341, 343, 372 Prynne, William 166 Radio Times 395 Histrio‐mastix 124 The Ragged School Union Magazine 274

0004239427.INDD 541 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM 542 Index

railways. See also transportation rereading 237 improvements, effect of sensitivity and recovery of feelings advertising in railway stations 6, 307, through 226, 237 308, 309 shift to silent reading 37 bookstalls 251, 306–307, 315, 319 silent scanning technique 237 life insurance offered in newspapers for street vendors gathering to hear texts people killed in railway accidents while read aloud and see illustrations 274 reading 335 targeted audience segments for “railway literature” 281–282, 283, books 231 306–307, 315, 328–329 Red Letter 343, 395 Rainey, Lawrence 352 Reed International (publisher) 415 Ralph of Coggeshall 52 Reed, Adam 458, 459 Random House 415, 416, 417, 421, 433, 458 Reformation 18, 81, 90, 132, 153. See also Rapin de Thoyras, Paul de: Histoire Protestants and Protestantism d’Angleterre 194 Regina v. Hicklin (1868) 398 rare books, acquisition of. See antiquarians regulation of book trade 1, 4, 185–190, and rare books 215–219. See also censorship; Rastell, John 68 copyright; Licensing statutes; Raven, James 229, 232, 236, 240 Stationers’ Company Raymond, Joad 162 Reid, Thomas: Essays on the Intellectual Raymond, René (James Hadley Chase, Powers of Man 241 pseud.) 378, 399 Reinhardt, Max 410 No Orchids for Miss Blandish 378–379 Reiter, Julius 399–400 Ray Smith Libraries 347 relics 29, 34 Reade, Charles: Cream 313 religious texts 4, 254, 271, 290, 293, 296, Reade, Winwood: Liberty Hall 313 316. See also Bible; Book of Common Readers’ Library 343 Prayer; breviaries Readers Union 347–348 Religious Tract Society 265, 271, 302, 304, reading. See also everyday life, integration 343, 393 of books into; literacy A Book About Animals 271 1774 as birthdate for Britain as “a reading Story of a Pocket Bible 300 nation” 231 remediation 1, 2, 13. See also Caedmon’s aloud in Middle Ages 15, 36, 42 Hymn coterie reading circles 59, 98, 323, 443 Remnant & Edmonds 291 defenseless readers 411–412 The Renowned History of Giles family reading of penny novel journals, Gingerbread 212 270 273–274 Report on the Manuscripts of Lord interwar choices in reading Montagu 150 matter 366–370 reprints. See also Penguin Books late eighteenth‐century techniques and derivative rights of 237–238 (1970–2018) 417–419 for pleasure (annual government survey Dublin book trade in, effect on British on) 459 market 239 as popular but socially segregated emergence of series in 1780s and activity 459 1790s 232–233, 233, 250 proof copies read aloud for correction mid‐nineteenth to twentieth century purposes prior to publication 289 fiction reprints 320

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modes of arranging for 293 Robinson, F.N. 64 offset lithography, effect of 408 Robinson, George 241 out‐of‐copyright works 231–232, 320 Rochester, Earl of 174 out‐of‐print titles, on‐demand printing Rock (military newspaper) 378 of 446, 452 Rodd, Thomas 299 post‐World War II, paperback publishers’ Rodney, Walter: How Europe role 372 underdeveloped Africa 420 railway reading and single‐volume Rogers, John 113 reprints 315 Rogers, Pat 180, 199 “sevenpennies” (pocket‐sized cloth‐ Rogers, William 108 bound books) 319 Roman Catholicism 100, 102, 118, single‐volume reprints of serialized 128, 130 works or three‐volume novels 253, Aibidil Gaoidheilge & Caiticiosma (Irish 256, 267, 285, 286, 293, 297, 312, 316, catechism) 129 319, 321 Bible and 67 U.S. reprinting of British titles Curll’s anticlerical writings 186 230–231 Irish Franciscans importing books in vertical integration of publishing Irish 129 replacing 414 killings of Protestants 98, 139–140, Reprint Society 358 150, 153 Restoration 151–154, 156, 158, 165, 168. Licensing statutes and 166 See also Charles II Popish Plot 153–154, 155 Restrictive Practices Act and Court (1948, romances 1953, & 1956) 396–397 authors with name recognition 351, 369 Review of Reviews 332 Caxton printing 68 Reynes, John 84 in later Middle Ages 15, 57, 65, 66, Reynolds, George W.M. 68, 126 Faust serialization 270 Mills & Boon as publisher of The Mysteries of London 350–351, 386 serialization 275 public demand for 367, 369–370 Reynold’s Miscellany 269, 270, 271 Public Lending Right payments to Rich, Barnaby: Rich his farewell to Militarie authors of 427 profession 92 regency romance genre 351 Richard III 68 Scottish printing of 126 Richards, Grant 321, 353 The Squyr of Low Degre (1520) 96 Richardson, Samuel: Clarissa 206 Rose, Jonathan 274, 368, 369, 370 Rickert, Edith 64 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel 292 Rider’s Dictionary 197 Rothermere, Lord 344, 391 Rieu, E.V. 382 Rothschild Ventures 421 risk management in book trade 196–203 Rousseau, Jean‐Jacques 245 Rives, Amelie: Shadow of Flames 328 Émile 206, 225 Rivington, John 241 Routledge, George (publisher Rix, Tim 423 Routledge & Co.) Robbins Report (1963) 387 “Books of the Country” series 281, 283 Roberts, Frederick Sleigh: Forty‐One Years “British Poets” series 281 in India 324 “Cheap Series” 280–281, 283, 296, 302, Roberts, William 300 304, 306

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Routledge, George (publisher Sanders, John 236 Routledge & Co.) (cont’d ) Sanders, William Stephen: Germany’s Two “Christmas Books” 304 Voices 337 “Original Novels” series 281 Sandow, Eugen: Strength and How to “Railway Library” 280–282, 292 Obtain It 324 “yellowbacks” 283 S. & T. Gilbert 303 Rowling, J.K.: Harry Potter series 419, Sapper (pen name): Bulldog Drummond 428, 435, 451 series 349, 437 Royalists. See Civil War and Interregnum Sargent, John Singer 282 royal privilege 87 Sarto, Ben 380 Royal Society 161 Sarum Missal and Rite 127 royalties Sassoon, Siegfried 337 author contracts for 325, 413 satire and satirists 195–196, 200, 210, Public Lending Right law paying royalties 224, 255 to public libraries’ most borrowed Saturday in My Garden 324 authors 427–428 The Saturday Magazine 265 Royston, Richard 168 The Saturday Review 306–307 Rufinus 125 Saunders & Otley 259 Rule of St. Benedict 22 The Author’s Printing and Publishing Runic alphabet 29–30 Assistant 286 Rupert Hart‐Davis Ltd 410 Metropolitan Magazine 259 Rushdie, Salman 426, 437 subscription library 311 Midnight’s Children 427 Savill, Thomas Choate 288 The Satanic Verses 446–447 The Saxon and the Gael 258 Ruskin, John: Unto This Last 279 Sayers, Dorothy L. 349 Russell, Bertrand: The Principles of Social The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Reconstruction 337 Club 356 Ruthwell Cross inscription 30, 31, 43 Scarlet Pimpernel novels 324, 349, 437 movie adaptations of 342–343 s Schama, Simon 432 Sacheverell, Henry: The Perils of False Schmidt, Michael 419 Brethren 191–192, 200 Schmoller, Hans 385 Saenger, Paul 37 scholarly publishing and Saha, Anamik 439 monographs 387–388, 428–429 St. Augustine Gospels 36–37 Scholartis (press) 354, 420 St. Chad Gospels 38, 41, 41–42 Scholastic Books 419, 424 St. Christopher woodcut (1423) 67, 77 schoolbooks, textbooks, primers 5, 90, St. Clair, William 231–232, 239, 240, 257, 162, 163, 240, 290, 294, 345, 386–388 264, 266 academic publishing 387–388, 428–432 St. Cuthbert Gospel 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, African market for 361, 424 26–27, 28–29, 33, 34, 42, 51, 457 English language teaching elsewhere in St. Dunstan’s Classbook 31–33, 32 world 424 Saks, Elmer Elliot 380 National Curriculum, adoption of Sala, George Augustus 279–280, 313–314 (1988) 423 Salt Publishing 420 Net Book Agreement not applicable Sampson, Henry: A History of to 387 Advertising 307, 308, 309 phototypesetting, effect of 407, 408

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The School of Venus 215 Tales of My Landlord 257 Schulz, Bruno 458 Waverley series 258, 266–267 science fiction 383–384, 393, 395–396 Scottish Academics Press 411 Scientific American 388 Scottish Court of Session 219, 220 Scientific Press 354 Scottish Sun 447 scientific publications and journals 161, Scottish Television 410 388, 429, 451 scribes Scion Ltd. 380, 382, 400 Findern manuscript, multiple scribes Scot, John 128 involved in 65 Scotland mass hand production 59 collaborative publishing arrangements monastic 23–24, 25, 57–59 between London and Edinburgh 241 need to establish identity of 64 early printing in 126–129, 149, 166 pecia system 4, 59, 78, 125 Edinburgh’s publishers and booksellers, scribal publication continuing in location of 298 sixteenth and seventeenth Education (Scotland) Act (1918) 346 centuries 98 enlightenment books published between Scribe B (attrib. Adam 1746 and 1800, reprinting of 239 Pinkhurst) 61–62, 64 Kailyard School of Scottish fiction 324 Scribe D (attrib. John Oliver & Boyd as Scottish Marchaunt) 60–61 wholesalers 298 urban 59–62, 98 The People’s Friend (Scottish women’s Scribner’s 318 weekly) 343, 395 scriptio continua 36 periodicals in 180, 182, 185, 335 scriptoria 4, 20–21, 57 railway book stalls operated by Menzies scripts in 306 ascenders 24 reprinting of out‐of‐copyright works bookhands 18, 24 in 232 bow (part of a letter) 24 Scots Magazine 185, 224 calligraphic scripts 24 The Scotsman 307 categorization of 24 Scott, Walter cursive scripts 24 “author of ’Waverley’” and 255, 258 descenders 24 cheaper editions of works of 259, 267 display script 49 imitations of 256 ductus 24 Ivanhoe 255 Gothic 70, 106 Kenilworth; A Romance 256 insular script 34–35 “Magnum Opus” edition (Cadell) Irish majuscule 33–34 257–258 ligature 24 management of authorial brand 5 minims 24 Miscellaneous Prose 258 rustic capitals 44 Novels and Tales of the Author of uncial script 18, 20, 24, 28, 33, 34–35, Waverley 257 45, 53 Poetical Works 257–258 Scroggs, William 171 popularity in interwar years Seax of Beagnoþ 29–30, 30 (1920–1940) 366 Secker, Martin 328 shift of novel authorship to male domain Secker & Warburg 374 and 256 second‐hand book trade 300, 315, 319

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Secord, James 261 Sherborne Missal 54, 56 The Secret History of Pandora’s Box 207 Sheridan, Richard seditious libel, crime of 170, 171, The Rivals 207, 211, 224 178, 185–187, 191–192, 216, The School for Scandal 193, 225 217–218, 264 Sherman, William 101, 113 Selby, Hubert, Jr.: Last Exit to Shone, William 303 Brooklyn 403 Shore, Emily 269 Select Committee on Foudrinier’s Patent Sidney, Philip 95 (1837) 289 Arcadia 144 Select Committee on Obscene Siferwas, John 56 Publications 401 silence, appeals for self‐publishing operations 448, 455 in Beowulf ’s opening 14 Senefelder, Alois 282, 404 in romances of later Middle Ages 15 Senhouse, Roger 359 Simeon of Durham 35–36 series as publication mode 437–438 Simmons, Samuel 200 Serpent’s Tail 419, 448, 450, 451 Simms & M’Intyre 280–281, 282, 302 Seymour, Robert 276, 300 Simpkin, Marshall 297, 298, 299, 327, 374, Shakespeare, William 376, 388, 389 First Folio (1623) 5, 80, 121–122, 122, Singleton, Hugh 100 123–124 Sire Degrevante (romance) 66 Second Folio (1632) 121, 124 Sitric (monk) 34 Fourth Folio (1685) 192 Sitwell, Edith: I Live Under a Black Arden Shakespeare editions 419 Sun 351 copyright of works of 5, 202 Sitwell siblings 351, 353 cultural literacy indicated by “Six Acts” (1819) 262–264 reading 368 Skene, William Forbes 16 durability of plays of 5 The Sketch 333 Hamlet 122 Slab‐o‐Concrete 449, 449 King Lear 92 slavery, abolition of. See abolitionist Ling as publisher of 69–70 movement Othello 93, 94 Smith, Elder & Co. 295, 325 Pope’s edition (1725) 192 Smith, Francis 170 quarto and octavo formats Smith, George 279 pre‐Folio 122 Smith, J.F.: Woman and Her Master Romeo and Juliet 122 serial 270 The Tempest 123 Smith, Lewis 304 The Winter’s Tale 89 Smith, Margaret 83 Shakespeare and Company (Paris) 354 Smith, Ray 347 Shaw, George Bernard 383 Smith, Zadie: White Teeth 437 The Intelligent Woman’s Guide to Smithfield Decretals 57 Socialism, Capitalism, Sovietism, and Sniffin’ Glue (fanzine) 441, 441, 442 Fascism 359–360 Snowdon, Chris 439 Shebbeare, John 216 socialism 332, 346 Sheffield, John: Works 187 The Society for Effecting the Abolition of Shelley, Percy Bysshe 370 the Slave Trade (SEAST) 246–249 Works 264 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge Sher, Richard 232, 239, 240 (SPCK) 203, 253, 265

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Society for the Diffusion of Useful Standard Book Number 432. See also Knowledge (SDUK) 262–265 ISBN “The Library of Useful Knowledge” Stanton, Andy: Mr Gum series 457 262, 266, 268–269 Star (newspaper) 306, 332–333 Penny Cyclopaedia 264, 266, 269 Star Chamber 147, 166–167 Society of Apothecaries 157 decree on printing (1586) 125 Society of Authors 318, 325, 343, Stationers’ Company. See also censorship; 382, 401 copyright; English Stock; Licensing The Soldier’s Monitor 203 statutes; regulation of book trade Solemn League and Covenant 154–155 Bodleian Library to receive copy of every Sons of Africa 248 book printed by 103 Soulby, John 244 Carnan suit over almanac South Africa publication 221–222 educational publishing for 424 compared to Net Book Agreement 5 as export market 317, 360, 361, 389 end of licensing monopoly, effect indigenous publishers given preference of 137–138, 147, 160, 167, 172, 177, in 361, 389 185, 200 OUP branch in 390 in Great Fire of 1666 163 South Country Libraries 386 Irish publishing and 130 Southey, Robert: Wat Tyler 264 licensing monopoly of 4, 85–86, 125, Southwick Codex 44 126, 137, 160, 167, 200 Soyinka, Wole 390, 391 in open market of 1790s and after 222 The Spectator 182, 188, 192, 196, perpetual copyright of 5, 85, 200 220, 222 role in regulation and control of Spectrum Books 389 publishing industry 85–86, 166 Speed, John 87 royal charter 85–86, 166, 200 History of Great Britain 111 seeking legal protection to replace Theatre of the Empire of Great Licensing 200–201 Britain 108, 111, 112 women printers and 92 Speght, Thomas 87, 88 Statistical Society: “The State of Education Spenser, Edmund: Faerie Queene, in Westminster” (1838) 311 97 97–98, 100, 124 Stead, W.T. 332 Spicer, Harriet 420–421 Steel, Danielle 428 Springer Verlag 388 Steele, Richard 181–182, 190, 220 Squires, Claire 427, 437 The Crisis 189 The Squyr of Low Degre 96 Stephen, Leslie 353 Stable, Wintringham 401, 402 Stephens, Robert 161 stab‐stitching 83, 140, 193–194, Sterne, Laurence: Tristam Shandy 256, 290 210, 212 stamp tax Sternhold, Thomas 132 extension to American Colonies Stevens, Timothy 236 (1765) 217 Stevenson, Robert Louis 318, 324 increase in stamp tax (1757) 217 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. repeal of (1855) 305 Hyde 319 Stamp Act (1712) 179, 180, Stoker, Bram: Dracula 324 187–189, 223 Stoneham, F. and E. 327 in Six Acts (1819) 262–264 Stow, John 87

0004239427.INDD 547 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM 548 Index

Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Tatling Harlot 182 Bentley edition 283 Tauchnitz 355 as bestseller of Victorian period 283 Taylor, A.J.P. 346 Routledge edition 283 Taylor, Bert 327 serialization of 270, 272, 274 Taylor, Kathryn Dyson (Margot Bland, Welsh translation 303 pseud.): Julia 400 Strachey, John 359 Taylor, Robert 220 Strahan, Richard 230, 232, 234, 237, 238, 239 Taymouth Hours 54, 56, 57 The Strand Magazine 334 Tazzyman, David: Mr. Gum series 457 Strong, Simon: A259 Multiplex Bomb technology. See digital technology; printing “Outrage” 449 Tegg, Thomas 267–268 Stuart, Louisa 226 Temple Bar 279 subscription libraries 207, 210, 244–246, Diana Temple serialization 326 298. See also circulating libraries “Temple of the Muses” bookshop Sue, Eugene: Martin the Foundling serial 270 (London) 243 Summit, Jennifer 103 Tennyson, Alfred 303 The Sun (halfpenny evening In Memoriam 293 newspaper) 332–333 Tennyson’s Poems 292 The Sun (formerly Daily Herald) 345, 392, textbooks. See schoolbooks, textbooks, 447, 448 primers The Sunday Mirror 448 Thackeray, William Makepeace 293 Sunday Pictorial 391 Bradbury & Evans contract with 284 The Sunday Telegraph 448 Pendennis 279 Sunday Times, 409 410, 447 Vanity Fair 277, 278 surveyor of the press 169 Thistlewood, Thomas 206 Sutherland, John 397 Thomas, Dylan: 18 Poems 354 Swift, Jonathan 181 Thomas, John 302, 303 advocating Irish boycott of English Thomas Nelson 410 goods 187 Thomason, George 149 on government subsidies to newspapers Thompson, Alan 402 and journals 189–190 Thompson, Brian 419 Gulliver’s Travels 189, 193 Thompson, John J. 66 On Poetry: A Rapsody 193 Thompson, Kristin 418 on Stamp Act 188 Thomson, D.C. 343 A Tale of a Tub 197 Thomson, James: The Seasons 5, 198, 199, Syr Eglamour of Artois 126 220–221 Thomson, Roy 410, 414 t Thorkelin, Grímur Jónsson 15–16 Tabart, Benjamin 242 Thornton, Bonnell: Have at You All: or The table of contents 83, 95 Drury‐Lane Journal 208, 208 Tabouis, Geneviève: Blackmail or Thornton, Robert 65–67 War 360 Thorpe, Thomas 299 Talbot, Henry Fox: Pencil of Nature 292 Thurnham’s (Carlisle) 311 Talbotypes 292 Thynne, William 81, 82, 83–87 Target Books 418 Tillotson’s Fiction Bureau 326 Tate, Nahum 202 Times 261, 264, 295, 305, 306, 330, 336, The Tatler 181–182, 200, 224 344, 345, 364, 437, 447

0004239427.INDD 548 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM Index 549

Times Book Club (TBC) 328 Tunstal, Cuthbert 113 Times Mirror Company 411 Turnaround (distributor) 450 Titt for Tatt 182 Turnley, Joseph: The Language of the Tóibín, Colm: The South 419 Eye 306 Toland, John 178 Tutchin, John 187 Tolkien, J.R.R.: The Lord of the Rings 397, Tutuola, Amos 391 418–419 The Palm‐Wine Drinkard and his Dead Tomkins, Thomas 169 Palm‐Wine Tapster in the Deads’ Tom’s Coffee‐House 208, 208 Town 390 Tonson publishing family 173, 202, 219–220 TV Times 395 Topham, Jonathan 262 The Twelfth‐Day Gift 213 Tories 160, 161, 179, 182, 183, 186, 187, Twining family 208 189, 199 twopenny libraries 347 Tory Reaction 172 Twyn, John 170 The Tory Tatler 182 Tyndale, William, 99 113, 154 The Town and Country Magazine 225 typefaces. See fonts, typeface, type size Toye, Robert 84 The Tradesman’s Copy‐Book 158 u Trades Union Council 392 uncial script. See scripts translation Union Jack (military newspaper) 378 Bible translation from Latin into United Kingdom Federation of Newsagents vernacular 112–113 (UKF) 336 Britannia translation from Latin into United Libraries 312 English 108 United States Latin and Greek into English 173–174 American authors unprotected by Latin into Old English 11–14, 43 copyright in UK 283 Quran into Latin 51 American model for halfpenny evening relocation of saint’s relics as 29 newspapers 332–333 transportation improvements, effect Black Studies in American of 224, 244, 251, 303, 304–305 universities 425 Transworld Books’ Corgi imprint 383 comic book industry in 392–393, Trapp, Joseph: The Aeneis of Virgil, 400–401 Translated into Blank Verse 199 copyright law in (1790) 231 Treharne, Elaine 45 copyright protection to works of non‐ Treveris, Peter 68 American authors (1891) 318 Trimble, Louis 383 educational publishers and 387 Trinity Mirror Group 448 as export market in second half of Trollope, Anthony 293 nineteenth century 317 The Macdermots of Ballycloran 285 importing British books after The Warden 285 Revolutionary War 230 The Way We Live Now 418 international commerce with, generating Trollope, Frances: Michael Armstrong 277 interest in learning English 424 True Romances (story magazine) 395 manufacturing clause requiring U.S. True Story (story magazine) 395 printing to establish copyright Truss, Lynne: Eats, Shoots & Leaves 420 (1909–1957) 318 Tschichold, Jan 384–385 reprinting British titles in 230–231 Tubb, E.C. 395 Universal Chronicle 222

0004239427.INDD 549 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM 550 Index

The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and circulating libraries in 297, 311–316 Pleasure 224 distribution revolution in 251–316. universities, expansion of 387, 408, 428 mass audience in 331–332 university extension movement 331, mass production in late Victorian era 345–346 317–338. See also mass production, University of Cambridge Local era of (1870–1920) Examinations Syndicate 424 penny‐novel journals and serialization of university presses 125–126, 345, 374, 387, novels 269–276 411, 429, 446. See also specific printing process in 287–292 universities by name production and distribution Unwin, Stanley 397, 410 innovations 284–310 Unwin, T. Fisher 321, 362 serialization of novels 269–276. Utrecht Psalter 44–46 See also book trade Anglo‐Catalan or Paris Psalter copy Viking Press 414 of 44, 45 Vikings 16, 20, 26, 42, 101 Eadwine Psalter copy of, 25 44, 45, Virago 414, 420–422, 448, 451, 458 46, 49 Modern Classics series 420, 421, 422 Harley Psalter copy of 44–45, 48, 49 Virgil Aeneid 15, 51, 174, 199 v Georgics 174 Valentine’s Gift 213 Vatican Virgil 36 van Vogt, A.E. 384 Vulgate Bible 19, 112 Vercelli Book 30, 43 Vergil, Polydore: Anglica historia 53 w Vermigli, Peter Martyr 100 Walker, Emery 321 vernacular. See also Anglo‐Norman French; Walker, Robert 202 Middle English Wallace, Edgar 367 black letter used in vernacular Wallace, Lewis: Ben Hur 324 printing 72 Wallington, Nehemiah 149 Books of Hours using 56 Wallis, John and Edward 242 Caxton printing vernacular Walpole, Horace 225 literature 68 Walpole, Robert 177, 186, 190, 216 Historia regum Britannie in both Latin Walter, John, IV 344 and vernacular 63 Wanley, Humfrey 31 literacy and 90 Warburg, Frederic 359 literature in Middle Ages in 42–44 Ward, Catherine George: The Mysterious manuscript culture and 81 Marriage 256 vertical publishing 410, 414, 417 Ward, Mary Augusta: Robert Vespasian Psalter 105 Elsmere 318 Vibert’s (Penzance) 311 Ward & Lock 279 Victor Gollancz Limited 349–350, 355, War Library 336 356, 358, 384, 396, 443 Waters, Sarah 421 Left Book Club 358–359 Waterstone, Tim 432 Mundanus imprint 355 Waterstones 432–435, 436, 449, 452 Victorian period Watt, A.P. 325 “cheap” editions of Victorian authors Watts, John 193 280–283, 285, 306 Watts, Richard 252

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Waugh, Alec 353 relocation and redesign of Waugh, Arthur 353 shops 328–330 Waugh, Auberon 353, 405 Subscription Library 297, 311–312, Waugh, Evelyn 353 314–316, 330, 346, 386, 432 Weatherley, James 300 survey on bestsellers 324 Weaver, Harriet Shaw 353 during World War I 337, 338 Webb, Mary: Gone to Earth 356, 357 Wheeler’s “Indian Railway Library” 317 Webster, Richard 448 When Saturday Comes (fanzine) 443 Wedgwood, Josiah 246 Whigs 160, 161, 171–172, 183, 186, 187, The Weekly Chronicle 295 189, 190, 191, 195, 198 The Weekly Pacquet of Advice from The Whisperer 182 Rome 171 Whitchurch, Edward 114, 118, 126 Weekly Police Gazette 264, 265 White, Antonia: Frost in May 420, 421 The Weekly Visitor 265 White, Sara 420 Wegner, Max 355 Whitehaven Library (Cumberland) 245 Welcome Guest (newspaper) 271, 303 Whitney, Isabella: A Sweet Nosegay 93 Weldon, Fay 404 Whittaker, Treacher & Co. 299 Wellington House 337, 338 wholesalers Wells, H.G. 325, 349, 396 agents acting as 298 Wells, Steven 448 consolidation into fewer and larger Welsh companies (1880–1920) 327 ballads in 255 railway bookstalls and 281 Bible printing in 252 regional suppliers 244, 298, 304 English advertisements in Gwalia separation of publishers, wholesalers, and (Welsh newspaper) 335 retail sellers (1780–1820) 241 first book printed in 70, 126 subscription price and discount medieval manuscripts in 53 for 296–297 Wendy and Jinx (comic) 393, 394 town and country market 242, 264 Wentworth, Thomas 140 Wight, Thomas 87 Werner Laurie Ltd. 400 Wilberforce, William 248 West, Rebecca 403 Wilde, Oscar 6, 324, 327 West, William 79 Wilkes, John 217–218, 224 Western Printing Services 402 William III 216 Westerton’s English and Foreign Universal William Collins 410, 411, 415 Library 312 William of Malmesbury: Gesta regum Westleys & Clark 291–292 Anglorum and Historia novella Westover, George 406 51, 52 W.H. Allen Ltd. 404 William of Orange 152 W.H. Smith/W.H. Smith & Son Williams, W.E. 377–378, 396 bookstalls on railway lines 281, Williamson, Henry 458, 459 306–307, 315, 328–329 Williamson, James (James Havoc, pseud.): copyright agreements used by 286 Raism 448 export business of 389 Willibrord, St. 24, 34 floorspace devoted to books in 435, 436 Wilson, Andrew 252 Hodder Healine Ltd. as part of 414 Wilson, Harold 392 Net Book Agreement and 433 Wilson, Jacqueline 428 regional distributor of newspapers 305 Winchester Bible. See Bible

0004239427.INDD 551 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM 552 Index

Winston, Brian 447 “unwholesome” books in circulating Wischenbart, Rudiger 426 libraries, protecting women Wishart Books 358 from 314 Witt, Robert 54 Wood, Anthony 165 Wolfreston, Frances 93, 94 Wood, Ellen: The Shadow of Wollstonecraft, Mary: Origin and Progress Ashlydyat 297 of the French Revolution 245 woodcuts 67, 72, 73, 79, 111, 233, 309 Woman & Home 393 anti‐Papist scenes 139–140 Woman’s Signal 334 in Bevis of South‐Hampton 129 Woman’s Weekly 343 in Chinese and Korean printing 67 women in Golden Cockerel Press books in abolition movement 249 352, 352 annuals aimed at 259 mid‐1850s to 1870s as golden age bookbinding jobs performed by 291 of 282, 292, 333 commercial libraries and 246 photomechanical production in decision‐making positions in replacing 293 publishing industry 421–422 Woodfall, Henry 218 as dramatic writers (1530–1640) 93–95 Wooler, Thomas: Black Dwarf 262 as early modern book readers, owners, Woolf, Leonard 352, 353, 411 and collectors 92–93 Woolf, Virginia 351, 352, 353 feminism 95, 356, 404, 420 Woolworth’s 348, 356–357, 366 Findern manuscript, female authors word‐processing programs 444–445 in 65 Wordsworth, John: Early Latin 295 girls’ comics market 393, 394 Workers’ Bookshop 358 illustrations in medieval manuscripts Workers’ Educational Association showing women readers 57 (WEA) 346 Julian of Norwich as first female working‐class readers 269, 274, 300, 301, author 23 321, 330, 331, 336, 343, 345, 346, 347, ladies’ books of social manners 231 366, 370, 395 legal advice columns aimed at working‐class writers 358 (1880s) 332 Working Partners Ltd. 438–439 literacy of 65, 90, 92, 196 The Works of the English Poets 234 Little Gidding harmonies created World Publishing 414 by 101 World War I, effect on publishing newspapers and magazines aimed industry 336–338, 349 at 225, 334, 335, 343–344, 393, 395 World War II New Woman fiction, popularity in late Blitz’s effect on book trade 373–374 nineteenth century 324 Book Production War Economy as novel readers in late eighteenth Agreement (1942) 373 century 236 drop in book production during 371 nuns as scribes 23 paper rationing during 358, 372–373, as printers and booksellers 376, 379 (1530–1640) 92 publishing for Armed Forces 367, pseudonym use by women 376–378 authors 255–256 start of 341 public libraries providing separate rooms World Wide Web and digital distribution, for 331 effect of 451–457

0004239427.INDD 552 11/29/2018 1:57:29 PM Index 553

Wright, Abraham: Parnassus 144 y Wright, Peter: Spycatcher: The Candid Y Cymro (newspaper) 303 Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Yeats, W.B. 321 Officer 446 “yellowbacks” 283, 319, 349 Wroth, Mary: Pamphilia to Amphilanthus York as printing center 126 and Urania 93–95 Young, E.H.: William 356 W.T. Stead 320, 332 Wyclif, John 113 z Zenger, John Peter 187 x ’zines. See fanzines xerography and Xerox 6, 440, zoomorphic initials 49 440–443, 445 Zumthor, Paul 64

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