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Taxonomy of the Order Bunyavirales: Update 2019
Archives of Virology (2019) 164:1949–1965 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019 Abulikemu Abudurexiti1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc5 · Matthew J. Ballinger6 · Dennis A. Bente7 · Martin Beer8 · Éric Bergeron9 · Carol D. Blair10 · Thomas Briese11 · Michael J. Buchmeier12 · Felicity J. Burt13 · Charles H. Calisher10 · Chénchén Cháng14 · Rémi N. Charrel15 · Il Ryong Choi16 · J. Christopher S. Clegg17 · Juan Carlos de la Torre18 · Xavier de Lamballerie15 · Fēi Dèng19 · Francesco Di Serio20 · Michele Digiaro21 · Michael A. Drebot22 · Xiaˇoméi Duàn14 · Hideki Ebihara23 · Toufc Elbeaino21 · Koray Ergünay24 · Charles F. Fulhorst7 · Aura R. Garrison25 · George Fú Gāo26 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez27 · Martin H. Groschup28 · Stephan Günther29 · Anne‑Lise Haenni30 · Roy A. Hall31 · Jussi Hepojoki32,33 · Roger Hewson34 · Zhìhóng Hú19 · Holly R. Hughes35 · Miranda Gilda Jonson36 · Sandra Junglen37,38 · Boris Klempa39 · Jonas Klingström40 · Chūn Kòu14 · Lies Laenen41,42 · Amy J. Lambert35 · Stanley A. Langevin43 · Dan Liu44 · Igor S. Lukashevich45 · Tāo Luò1 · Chuánwèi Lüˇ 19 · Piet Maes41 · William Marciel de Souza46 · Marco Marklewitz37,38 · Giovanni P. Martelli47 · Keita Matsuno48,49 · Nicole Mielke‑Ehret50 · Maria Minutolo3 · Ali Mirazimi51 · Abulimiti Moming14 · Hans‑Peter Mühlbach50 · Rayapati Naidu52 · Beatriz Navarro20 · Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes53 · Gustavo Palacios25 · Anna Papa54 · Alex Pauvolid‑Corrêa55 · Janusz T. Pawęska56,57 · Jié Qiáo19 · Sheli R. Radoshitzky25 · Renato O. Resende58 · Víctor Romanowski59 · Amadou Alpha Sall60 · Maria S. Salvato61 · Takahide Sasaya62 · Shū Shěn19 · Xiǎohóng Shí63 · Yukio Shirako64 · Peter Simmonds65 · Manuela Sironi66 · Jin‑Won Song67 · Jessica R. Spengler9 · Mark D. Stenglein68 · Zhèngyuán Sū19 · Sùróng Sūn14 · Shuāng Táng19 · Massimo Turina69 · Bó Wáng19 · Chéng Wáng1 · Huálín Wáng19 · Jūn Wáng19 · Tàiyún Wèi70 · Anna E. -
Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Zoologischer Anzeiger 258 (2015) 92–98 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Zoologischer Anzeiger jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcz Penile histomorphology of the neotropical bat Eptesicus furinalis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) a a b a,∗ Manuela T. Comelis , Larissa M. Bueno , Rejane M. Góes , Eliana Morielle-Versute a Department of Zoology and Botany, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil b Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil a r a t i b s c t l e i n f o r a c t Article history: External and internal penile morphologies have evolved rapidly and divergently in many mammalian Received 19 January 2015 orders and are extremely useful for taxonomic studies, particularly in the recovery of phylogenetic rela- Received in revised form 3 August 2015 tionships. Eptesicus furinalis, a Vespertilionid bat, belongs to a taxon in which species recognition can be Accepted 6 August 2015 difficult when only traditional features are employed. Therefore, any feature that may contribute to the Available online 11 August 2015 more accurate characterization of this taxon is relevant. In this study, we describe the histomorphology Corresponding Editor: Alexander Kupfer. of the penis and baculum of this species after analyzing serial transverse sections and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. The glans penis was small with no epidermal projections and had an inverted Keywords: Y-shaped baculum for most of its length. Internally, the penis contained three erectile tissues: corpus cav- Glans penis Baculum ernosum, accessory cavernous tissue, and corpus spongiosum around the urethra. -
Ives Simões Arnone Estudo Da Comunidade De Morcegos
IVES SIMÕES ARNONE ESTUDO DA COMUNIDADE DE MORCEGOS NA ÁREA CÁRSTICA DO ALTO RIBEIRA – SP Uma comparação com 1980 Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Mestre em Ciências, na Área de Zoologia. Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Eleonora Trajano SÃO PAULO 2008 Arnone, Ives Simões Estudo da comunidade de morcegos na área cárstica do Alto Ribeira – São Paulo. Uma comparação com 1980. Número de páginas: IV+115 Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Zoologia. 1. Chiroptera 2. PETAR 3. Cavernas 4. Mata Atlântica Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia. Comissão Julgadora: ________________________ _______________________ Prof(a). Dr(a). Prof(a). Dr(a). ______________________ Profa. Dra. Eleonora Trajano Orientadora RESUMO ARNONE, I.S. 2008. Estudo da comunidade de morcegos na área cárstica do Alto Ribeira-SP. Uma comparação com 1980. [Study of the community of bats of a cárstic area of Alto Ribeira -SP. A comparison with 1980]. Dissertação de Mestrado. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. A investigação sobre morcegos cavernícolas brasileiros foi iniciada por TRAJANO (1981) que entre 1978 e 1980, estudou a comunidade que utiliza cavernas na área cárstica do Alto Ribeira, Sul do Estado de São Paulo. Seguiram-se estudos no norte de São Paulo, Distrito Federal e Bahia, sendo que trabalhos recentes estão sendo realizados em novas áreas, preenchendo uma lacuna importante no país. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um novo levantamento da quiropterofauna do Alto Ribeira, complementando o levantamento prévio e verificando possíveis alterações devidas a perturbações antrópicas na área. -
A Look Into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins
viruses Review A Look into Bunyavirales Genomes: Functions of Non-Structural (NS) Proteins Shanna S. Leventhal, Drew Wilson, Heinz Feldmann and David W. Hawman * Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; [email protected] (S.S.L.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (H.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-406-802-6120 Abstract: In 2016, the Bunyavirales order was established by the International Committee on Taxon- omy of Viruses (ICTV) to incorporate the increasing number of related viruses across 13 viral families. While diverse, four of the families (Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Phenuiviridae) contain known human pathogens and share a similar tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genomic organization. In addition to the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins encoded by the small and medium segments, respectively, many of the viruses in these families also encode for non-structural (NS) NSs and NSm proteins. The NSs of Phenuiviridae is the most extensively studied as a host interferon antagonist, functioning through a variety of mechanisms seen throughout the other three families. In addition, functions impacting cellular apoptosis, chromatin organization, and transcrip- tional activities, to name a few, are possessed by NSs across the families. Peribunyaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Phenuiviridae also encode an NSm, although less extensively studied than NSs, that has roles in antagonizing immune responses, promoting viral assembly and infectivity, and even maintenance of infection in host mosquito vectors. Overall, the similar and divergent roles of NS proteins of these Citation: Leventhal, S.S.; Wilson, D.; human pathogenic Bunyavirales are of particular interest in understanding disease progression, viral Feldmann, H.; Hawman, D.W. -
Taxonomy of the Order Bunyavirales: Second Update 2018
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Arch Virol Manuscript Author . Author manuscript; Manuscript Author available in PMC 2020 March 01. Published in final edited form as: Arch Virol. 2019 March ; 164(3): 927–941. doi:10.1007/s00705-018-04127-3. TAXONOMY OF THE ORDER BUNYAVIRALES: SECOND UPDATE 2018 A full list of authors and affiliations appears at the end of the article. Abstract In October 2018, the order Bunyavirales was amended by inclusion of the family Arenaviridae, abolishment of three families, creation of three new families, 19 new genera, and 14 new species, and renaming of three genera and 22 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Keywords Arenaviridae; arenavirid; arenavirus; bunyavirad; Bunyavirales; bunyavirid; Bunyaviridae; bunyavirus; emaravirus; Feraviridae; feravirid, feravirus; fimovirid; Fimoviridae; fimovirus; goukovirus; hantavirid; Hantaviridae; hantavirus; hartmanivirus; herbevirus; ICTV; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; jonvirid; Jonviridae; jonvirus; mammarenavirus; nairovirid; Nairoviridae; nairovirus; orthobunyavirus; orthoferavirus; orthohantavirus; orthojonvirus; orthonairovirus; orthophasmavirus; orthotospovirus; peribunyavirid; Peribunyaviridae; peribunyavirus; phasmavirid; phasivirus; Phasmaviridae; phasmavirus; phenuivirid; Phenuiviridae; phenuivirus; phlebovirus; reptarenavirus; tenuivirus; tospovirid; Tospoviridae; tospovirus; virus classification; virus nomenclature; virus taxonomy INTRODUCTION The virus order Bunyavirales was established in 2017 to accommodate related viruses with segmented, linear, single-stranded, negative-sense or ambisense RNA genomes classified into 9 families [2]. Here we present the changes that were proposed via an official ICTV taxonomic proposal (TaxoProp 2017.012M.A.v1.Bunyavirales_rev) at http:// www.ictvonline.org/ in 2017 and were accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) in [email protected]. -
Bacteria Richness and Antibiotic-Resistance in Bats from a Protected Area in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
RESEARCH ARTICLE Bacteria richness and antibiotic-resistance in bats from a protected area in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil VinõÂcius C. ClaÂudio1,2,3*, Irys Gonzalez2, Gedimar Barbosa1,2, Vlamir Rocha4, Ricardo Moratelli5, FabrõÂcio Rassy2 1 Centro de Ciências BioloÂgicas e da SauÂde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil, 2 FundacËão Parque ZooloÂgico de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 3 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, 4 Centro de Ciências AgraÂrias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, Brazil, 5 Fiocruz Mata AtlaÃntica, FundacËão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, a1111111111 Brazil a1111111111 [email protected] a1111111111 * a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Bats play key ecological roles, also hosting many zoonotic pathogens. Neotropical bat microbiota is still poorly known. We speculate that their dietary habits strongly influence OPEN ACCESS their microbiota richness and antibiotic-resistance patterns, which represent growing and Citation: ClaÂudio VC, Gonzalez I, Barbosa G, Rocha serious public health and environmental issue. Here we describe the aerobic microbiota V, Moratelli R, Rassy F (2018) Bacteria richness richness of bats from an Atlantic Forest remnant in Southeastern Brazil, and the antibiotic- and antibiotic-resistance in bats from a protected area in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. resistance patterns of bacteria of clinical importance. Oral and rectal cavities of 113 bats PLoS ONE 13(9): e0203411. https://doi.org/ from Carlos Botelho State Park were swabbed. Samples were plated on 5% sheep blood 10.1371/journal.pone.0203411 and MacConkey agar and identified by the MALDI-TOF technique. -
Bat Fauna (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Guarapuava Highlands, Southern Brazil
Oecologia Australis 23(3):562-574, 2019 https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2019.2303.14 BAT FAUNA (MAMMALIA, CHIROPTERA) FROM GUARAPUAVA HIGHLANDS, SOUTHERN BRAZIL João Marcelo Deliberador Miranda1*, Luciana Zago da Silva2, Sidnei Pressinatte-Júnior1, Luana de Almeida Pereira3, Sabrina Marchioro³, Daniela Aparecida Savariz Bôlla4 & Fernando Carvalho5 1 Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Departamento de Biologia, campus CEDETEG, Rua Simeão Camargo Varela de Sá, 03, CEP 85040-080, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil. 2 Faculdade Guairacá, Rua XV de Novembro, 7050, CEP 85010-000, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, campus Centro Politécnico, Rua Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, CEP 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 4 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil. 5 Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Av. Universitária, 1105, Bairro Universitário, C.P. 3167, CEP 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. E-mails: [email protected] (*corresponding author); [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: Here, we present an updated list of bats from Guarapuava highlands, center-southern of Paraná state, southern Brazil. This species list is based on four literature records (secondary data) and data from fieldwork (primary data) in three localities. All species recorded (primary and secondary data) were evaluated by the relative frequency and their conservation status were assessed. The species recorded from fieldwork were also evaluated by relative abundance. -
Descarga El Libro De Resúmenes 2018 Pinchando
Libro de Resúmenes Asociación de Estudiantes de Biología de Chile XIII Congreso – 2018 Universidad de Concepción Región del Biobío, Concepción ORGANIZAN Asociación de Estudiantes de Biología de Chile Biología, Universidad de Concepción Biología Marina, Universidad de Concepción Universidad de Concepción PATROCINAN AUSPICIAN ÍNDICE EQUIPO AEBCH 2018 3 DISCURSO DE APERTURA 5 DISCURSO DE LAS AUTORIDADES 6 TÉRMINOS Y CONDICIONES 8 CRONOGRAMA 10 RESÚMENES INVESTIGADORES INVITADOS 11 CONFLICTOS SOCIALES Y SEXUALES EN UN ROEDOR ENDÉMICO DE CHILE ........... 12 Las complejas y asombrosas interacciones ecológicas del bosque valdiviano .......................................... 13 ESTUDIO ULTRAESTRUCTURAL DE LA CAPSULA OVIGERA DE Caligus rogercresseyi ........... 14 Estudios fisiológicos y bioquímicos de la transducción de la luz en fragmentos de la membrana fotosensible de células fotorreceptoras de la mosca Drosophila melanogaster aislados en la punta de una micropipeta ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Una insospechada relación del Sulfureto de Humboldt con la Astrobiología: oportunidades para la Bentología ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 Control epigenético de la expresión del genoma en células eucariontes ................................................... 17 “La educación ambiental: un instrumento -
Assessment of the Rarity and Conservation Status of the Colombian Endemic Brown Hairy Dwarf Porcupine Coendou Vestitus
Assessment of the rarity and conservation status of the Colombian endemic brown hairy dwarf porcupine Coendou vestitus M ARÍA M. TORRES-MARTÍNEZ,HÉCTOR E. RAMÍREZ-CHAVES E LKIN A. NOGUERA-URBANO and F ERNANDO C. PASSOS Abstract The brown hairy dwarf porcupine Coendou vesti- Introduction tus is a poorly studied Andean species endemic to Colombia. Its current Red List category is contradictory: globally it is he brown hairy dwarf porcupine Coendou vestitus is categorized as Data Deficient but in Colombia it is cate- Tone of the rarest of the seven species of porcupines gorized as Vulnerable. This contradiction has limited the im- (genus Coendou) that occur in Colombia (Ramírez-Chaves – – plementation of conservation programmes. We evaluate et al., ). It is a small species (head body length the level of rarity of the species and provide consolidated mm), characterized by having three types of fur: long information for a new assessment of its Red List status. We dorsal fur, bicolored defensive fur, and bristles (Voss, ). reviewed literature, photographs, and voucher specimens Since its description more than a century ago (Thomas, in natural history collections. Using the confirmed records, ), it has been recorded from only six localities. we estimated the extent of occurrence (EOO) based on This species is considered endemic to both sides of the the minimum convex polygon and the area of occupancy Eastern Cordillera in the Colombian Andes, which is a (AOO) summing the area of grid squares occupied by the complex ecosystem with topographical and biological di- species. We found that C. vestitus is very rare, with a small versity and high levels of endemism (Olson & Dinerstein, range, low estimated population density, occurrence in only ; Armenteras et al., ; Sánchez-Cuervo et al., ). -
The Role and Impact of Zootaxa in Mammalogy in Its First 20 Years
Zootaxa 4979 (1): 070–094 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Review ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.10 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:15620BC4-B989-4A98-84D0-019707FF0197 The role and impact of Zootaxa in mammalogy in its first 20 years PEDRO CORDEIRO-ESTRELA¹, ANDERSON FEIJÓ², PHILIPPE GAUBERT³, MARCELO WEKSLER4, LIONEL HAUTIER5,6, PAÚL M. VELAZCO7,8, PABLO TETA9, PIERRE-HENRI FABRE5,6, GERALDINE 10 11 VERON & JANET K. BRAUN 1Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3383-571X 2Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. [email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-2293 3Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne – Bât. 4R1, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-9935 4Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-4779 5Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (ISEM, UMR 5554 CNRS-IRD-UM), Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon - CC 064 - 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8701-5421 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-5625 6Mammal Section, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, SW7 5DB London, United Kingdom 7Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA. -
Taxonomy of the Order Bunyavirales: Update 2019
Archives of Virology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04253-6 VIROLOGY DIVISION NEWS Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019 Abulikemu Abudurexiti1 · Scott Adkins2 · Daniela Alioto3 · Sergey V. Alkhovsky4 · Tatjana Avšič‑Županc5 · Matthew J. Ballinger6 · Dennis A. Bente7 · Martin Beer8 · Éric Bergeron9 · Carol D. Blair10 · Thomas Briese11 · Michael J. Buchmeier12 · Felicity J. Burt13 · Charles H. Calisher10 · Chénchén Cháng14 · Rémi N. Charrel15 · Il Ryong Choi16 · J. Christopher S. Clegg17 · Juan Carlos de la Torre18 · Xavier de Lamballerie15 · Fēi Dèng19 · Francesco Di Serio20 · Michele Digiaro21 · Michael A. Drebot22 · Xiaˇoméi Duàn14 · Hideki Ebihara23 · Toufc Elbeaino21 · Koray Ergünay24 · Charles F. Fulhorst7 · Aura R. Garrison25 · George Fú Gāo26 · Jean‑Paul J. Gonzalez27 · Martin H. Groschup28 · Stephan Günther29 · Anne‑Lise Haenni30 · Roy A. Hall31 · Jussi Hepojoki32,33 · Roger Hewson34 · Zhìhóng Hú19 · Holly R. Hughes35 · Miranda Gilda Jonson36 · Sandra Junglen37,38 · Boris Klempa39 · Jonas Klingström40 · Chūn Kòu14 · Lies Laenen41,42 · Amy J. Lambert35 · Stanley A. Langevin43 · Dan Liu44 · Igor S. Lukashevich45 · Tāo Luò1 · Chuánwèi Lüˇ 19 · Piet Maes41 · William Marciel de Souza46 · Marco Marklewitz37,38 · Giovanni P. Martelli47 · Keita Matsuno48,49 · Nicole Mielke‑Ehret50 · Maria Minutolo3 · Ali Mirazimi51 · Abulimiti Moming14 · Hans‑Peter Mühlbach50 · Rayapati Naidu52 · Beatriz Navarro20 · Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes53 · Gustavo Palacios25 · Anna Papa54 · Alex Pauvolid‑Corrêa55 · Janusz T. Pawęska56,57 · Jié Qiáo19 · Sheli R. Radoshitzky25 · Renato O. Resende58 · Víctor Romanowski59 · Amadou Alpha Sall60 · Maria S. Salvato61 · Takahide Sasaya62 · Shū Shěn19 · Xiǎohóng Shí63 · Yukio Shirako64 · Peter Simmonds65 · Manuela Sironi66 · Jin‑Won Song67 · Jessica R. Spengler9 · Mark D. Stenglein68 · Zhèngyuán Sū19 · Sùróng Sūn14 · Shuāng Táng19 · Massimo Turina69 · Bó Wáng19 · Chéng Wáng1 · Huálín Wáng19 · Jūn Wáng19 · Tàiyún Wèi70 · Anna E. -
Commission Directive (Eu)
L 279/54 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union 31.10.2019 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/1833 of 24 October 2019 amending Annexes I, III, V and VI to Directive 2000/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards purely technical adjustments THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Directive 2000/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work (1), and in particular Article 19 thereof, Whereas: (1) Principle 10 of the European Pillar of Social Rights (2), proclaimed at Gothenburg on 17 November 2017, provides that every worker has the right to a healthy, safe and well-adapted working environment. The workers’ right to a high level of protection of their health and safety at work and to a working environment that is adapted to their professional needs and that enables them to prolong their participation in the labour market includes protection from exposure to biological agents at work. (2) The implementation of the directives related to the health and safety of workers at work, including Directive 2000/54/EC, was the subject of an ex-post evaluation, referred to as a REFIT evaluation. The evaluation looked at the directives’ relevance, at research and at new scientific knowledge in the various fields concerned. The REFIT evaluation, referred to in the Commission Staff Working Document (3), concludes, among other things, that the classified list of biological agents in Annex III to Directive 2000/54/EC needs to be amended in light of scientific and technical progress and that consistency with other relevant directives should be enhanced.