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Surau As Education Institutions of Muslim in Minangkabau (Study the Role Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan in Building Education System of Surau in Minangkabau 1100-1111 Ah)

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Surau As Education Institutions of Muslim in Minangkabau (Study the Role Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan in Building Education System of Surau in Minangkabau 1100-1111 Ah) SURAU AS EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF MUSLIM IN MINANGKABAU (STUDY THE ROLE SHEIKH BURHANUDDIN ULAKAN IN BUILDING EDUCATION SYSTEM OF SURAU IN MINANGKABAU 1100-1111 AH) JEMMY HARTO Abstract Jemmy Harto Surau is one of the classical Islamic educational institutions Ibn Khaldun University present a kind of pesantren in the history of Islamic education in Indonesia. Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan is the Email founder of surau as educational institutions in [email protected] Minangkabau. Surau education system aims to explore the m role of Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan in building the education system of surau, analyze the educational system, the objectives, programs, educational process and evaluation of education. The method used the qualitative research approach to field research and library research. The result of research obtained is the concept of education surau more emphasis on the authority of a tuanku / sheikh. Surau using a curriculum of book, a fakih (students) cannot ride without first mastering the kitab’s that have been determined. There is no time limit for study at the surau. The ability of students in mastering the kitab’s into the requirement of passing of the surau. Inculcation of adab within a fakih to be the key in the learning process. Surau is Islamic educational institutions in Minangkabau who gave birth to scholar title tuanku. Surau become pioneer founding pesantren Modern in Minangkabau. Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan intellectual heritage still exist and survive until today. Keywords : Syeikh Burhanuddin, Surau, Education, Tuanku 71 Jurnal TAWAZUN Volume 9 No. 1 Januari – Juni 2016 A. Introduction mereka kepada alam berfikir Barat, jang dengan demikian Pesantren as said by Muhammad ditjiptakanlah satu golongan, Natsir is mental a bulwark for the jang akan dapat mendjamin berlandjutnya kolonialisme defense of the centuries. During the Belanda di Indonesia ini.”1 existence of colonialism is important, as Pesantren which proved vital role the last bastion in the face and take the of history shows that the role of fight against the occupation of Dutch pesantren is very significant in the colonialism, as Muhammad Natsir struggle for Indonesian independence. explained, Ulema and santri is the frontline in the “Pesantren merupakan satu resistance against the occupation. This is ‘kubu pertahanan mental,’ terhadap kolonial Belanda, why in its development during the ‘kubu pertahanan mental’ bukan colonial period, pesantren often be semata-mata terhadap sendjatanja jang fisik, akan labeled as a gathering place for rebels.2 tetapi terhadap sendjata- sendjata jang bersifat mental As the traditional Islamic pula, dari politik-politik educational institutions, surau also take a imperialisme/ kolonialisme jang dipelopori oleh Prof. Snouck very big role in the independence Hurgronje, jang garis besarnya struggle. Long before colonialism ialah, measimilasikan bangsa Indonesia dengan bangsa entrenched in Minangkabau, surau plays Belanda, measosiasikan kedua a vital role as a center of education, bangsa itu didalam melakukan satu approach jang bersifat whether it be education Minangkabau kebudajaan. Dengan men- tradition (adat) or education Islamic law. deislamisasikan pemuda-pemuda Islam di Indonesia, bukan Surau is an Islamic educational mengkristenkan ; mereka itu lambat laun mentjabut dari institutions such traditional pesantren djiwa pemuda-pemuda jang especially the Malay Minangkabau. beragama Islam bangsa Indonesia itu keimanannja According Azyumardi Azra, the new kepada agamanja, ketjintaanja terminology used in the schools at least kepada agamanja, ketjintaannja kepada tjara-tjara dan adat 1 M.Natsir, Kubu Pertahanan Mental istiadat keagamaan jang ada Dari Abad Keabad, Surabaja: DDII Perwakilan didesa, dikampung dan dirumah Djawa Timur, 1969, pp. 6-7. 2 Ahmad Mansur Suryanegara, Api tangganja sendiri. Mentjabut Sejarah, Bandung: Salamadani Pustaka Semesta, mereka itu dari urat-urat 2009 and Ahmad Mansur Suryanegara, Api kebudajaanja sendiri, membawa Sejarah 2, Bandung: Salamadani Pustaka Semesta, 2010. 72 Surau as Education Institutions:...(Jemmy Harto) three decades. In the education system, the advent of Islam, the process of the Minangkabau people more familiar Islamization of the surau are indeed add with the terminology surau than and strengthen the role and function of pesantren. The phenomenon of the mosque as a place of learn reading pesantren in Java at first does not really the Qur’an and study Islamic sciences give effect to the concept of Islamic more, as well as the Islamization fully education in Minangkabau, until the Minangkabau.5 modernization of Islamic education The presence of the surau as 3 which led the Young Minangkabau. Islamic educational institutions in Azyumardi Azra explain this, the Minangkabau was first developed by mosque has its own characteristics Sheikh Burhanuddin Ulakan (died in 1111 compared with pesantren.4 Azra explain AH.) According to Buya Bagindo the position of the sheikh (Kiyai-in Java) Muhammad Letter, Chairman of the for example is a major figure in a surau. Foundation of Sheikh Burhanuddin At first surau is a place to meet, Ulakan Pariaman, surau developed assemble, convene, and the beds of men Sheikh Burhanuddin named Surau who have grown (baligh) and parents Tanjung Medan Ulakan who in his time are already aged. This is caused by was a kind university at this time. Surau sociological, Minangkabau society there in the 17th century, students who embrace matriliniar kinship. The boy did come from all over the archipelago.6 not have room in the Rumah Gadang, From this surau Islam spread throughout the boy should stay in the surau. With Minangkabau and the archipelago, surau into a science center and the center of 3 Samsul Nizar, Sejarah & Pergolakan da’wa Islam. Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam, Jakarta: Quantum Teaching, 2005, p.99. See also Deliar Noer, Surau managed to build a culture Gerakan Modern Islam di Indonesia 1900-1942, Jakarta: LP3ES, 1996. of Islamic scholarship, all the principles 4Call a teacher in a surau is Buya / Tuanku.Calls to students isfakih, and also Orang of social culture is based on the rules of Siak..Every Thursday surau activity on holiday and returned to work on Friday ba'da maghrib.During this holiday periodfaqihgo to 5 Azyumardi Azra, Pendidikan Islam, seek alms, socialize with the communityThis pp.163-164. term is known asmamakiah.See more Azyumardi 6Duski Samad, Syeikh Burhanuddin Azra, Pendidikan Islam Tradisi dan Modernisasi Ulakan dan Islamisasi di Minangkabau (Syarak di Tengah Tantangan Milenium III, Jakarta: Mandaki Adat Manurun), Jakarta: The Kencana Preneda Media Group, 2012. Minangkabau Foundation, 2002, pp.214-218. 73 Jurnal TAWAZUN Volume 9 No. 1 Januari – Juni 2016 Islam. This science culture even became are lectures, readings, and memorize, customary in Minangkabau, in commonly centered on Halaqah. accordance with the philosophy "syarak Azyumardi Azra said, every surau has a mangato adaik mamakai" which means typical all-an individual or specialize in a Islamic Sharia law which sets then used particular science. For example Surau become customary rules. It is Kamang famous with power on the ilmu characterized by the establishment of a alat, namely Arabic; Surau Kotogadang village (new territory). Customary law, in ilmu Mantiq - Ma'ani; Surau Sumanik will not stand a village (nagari) if there in Tafsir and Fara'id; Surau Talang and are no surau and mosques therein, terms Surau Talayo in Nahwu; Surau Koto Tuo the establishment of a village is also in Tafsir.9 7 surau and mosques stand there. At the beginning of the 19th Surau vital role is then able to century surau attendance began change the view of life which initially disturbed by the presence of the Minangkabau society of ignorance into invaders and the current Islamic reform. Islamiyah, it is then embedded in a string Dutch established many modern schools of words that expressed in the for staffing purposes. Coupled with the philosophy of life Minangkabau; presence of reformers demanding “Adat basandi syara’, syara’ education reform surau. Those who basandi Kitabullah. Syara’ return from the land Hijjaz after mangato adat mamakai.Cermin nan indak kabua, palito nan studying the charismatic ulema Sheikh tidak padam.”8 Ahmad Khatib recorded as non-Arab Surau Education recognizes no Mufti ulema, Imam Shafi'i sect of the first rank or grade, but the division is based on the Hijjaz.10 in the ability of the competency of the The reformers known as the student in learning to master the books Kaum Muda attacking the Kaum Tua, (kitab), not the number of years spent. which generally are leaders and teachers The primary method of education surau in the surau. Kaum Muda accused the 7 Hamka, Ayahku, Jakarta: Umminda, 9 Azyumardi Azra, Pendidikan Islam, 1982, p.8. pp.163-164. 8 Idrus Hakimy Dt. Rajo Penghulu, 10 Siradjuddin Abbas, Sejarah dan Rangkaian Mustika Adat Basandi Syarak di Keagungan Madzhab Syafi’i, Djakarta: Pustaka Minangkabau, Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1991. Tarbijah, 1972. 74 Surau as Education Institutions:...(Jemmy Harto) Kaum Tua with his practice of the the world view of Minangkabau society, congregation filled with heresy and which was originally ignorance become superstition, and therefore needs to be fully Islamiyah. Before the birth of eradicated. On this basis the Kaum Sheikh Burhanudiin Ulakan, there has Muda establish educational institutions been some preachers who come to the such as madrasas modern alternative in Minangkabau, however, not accepted lieu of surau.11 Islam Minangkabau
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