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2020 Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION 2020 Ibrahim 31.0 30.2 Index 64.9 32.7 18.5 59.5of31.0 African81.2 76.2 52.4 35.1 16.2 18.5 100.0 64.9 52.8 45.1 66.7 45.3 36.5 74.1 52.8 66.5 66.7 76.1 47.2 25.6 44.0 59.2 66.7 46.1 18.1 100.0 18.1 28.6 69.4 46.1 87.5 11.2 58.3 63.9 11.1 52.6 100.0 100.0 22.6 22.0 80.3 22.3 30.6 33.3 22.6 45.4 22.4 31.2 22.9 10.5 27.3 50.0 80.3 87.5 18.9 99.2 27.7 58.9 23.6 87.5 48.7 44.9 49.0 57.4 14.6 28.7 32.6 99.2 60.2 38.4 59.2 26.0 42.3 56.7 60.2 63.8 84.9 57.6 59.6 24.1 44.7 58.6 59.2 63.1 27.4 Governance 71.4 26.2 35.7 60.7 63.1 66.7 100.0 56.0 59.5 21.4 42.5 50.0 71.4 63.4 46.3 31.9 50.1 36.9 60.9 63.4 80.1 73.5 54.8 43.9 13.1 38.0 84.5 31.9 59.8 49.0 100.0 33.3 71.2 59.7 59.8 78.7 86.2 59.4 45.2 17.9 49.2 77.8 100.0 65.0 25.0 70.8 0.0 50.5 62.5 65.0 12.5 64.5 75.0 62.0 37.5 47.4 12.5 70.8 _ 50.0 44.6 21.9 20.3 17.1 39.7 50.0 80.9 100.0 42.6 87.2 30.8 46.7 68.0 21.9 55.0 50.4 73.6 44.1 42.3 66.1 55.0 72.8 68.5 57.4 50.7 30.2 47.2 76.2 73.6 53.5 87.4 77.4 81.2 57.6 90.8 53.5 85.3 76.2 59.6 56.3 56.2 55.6 89.4 77.4 45.8 98.7 51.9 99.8 41.8 98.7 45.8 100.0 83.0 53.6 47.6 85.1 58.8 100.0 51.9 26.9 88.8 92.2 84.3 41.0 92.6 26.9 93.8 83.1 26.0 20.1 6.3 38.9 100.0 92.2 82.5 99.8 85.1 99.5 49.9 99.9 82.5 99.8 91.2 92.9 85.0 68.6 79.2 100.0 85.1 76.8 49.8 Index 66.9 40.7 67.1 73.8Report76.8 68.5 70.6 43.5 73.2 32.2 67.1 71.9 66.9 59.5 99.7 93.3 81.8 70.7 89.2 59.5 64.6 87.8 81.8 67.9 89.0 65.3 75.2 93.3 29.6 48.8 75.0 39.9 75.0 64.7 29.6 76.4 41.5 59.0 44.2 24.8 24.1 88.5 75.0 58.2 36.3 75.7 50.9 34.7 70.9 58.2 87.5 68.7 69.8 41.5 32.4 52.7 93.5 75.7 68.4 1.6 69.3 39.4 25.5 47.6 68.4 67.4 64.6 65.8 45.7 1.8 52.1 98.2 69.3 39.3 65.8 73.7 29.6 35.6 47.4 39.3 75.8 36.2 50.3 21.1 21.1 31.9 81.5 73.7 66.5 69.1 90.2 56.3 42.7 89.4 66.5 68.5 78.7 64.6 41.1 33.3 50.3 100.0 90.2 64.1 62.8 91.8 31.1 47.8 58.3 64.1 67.9 91.4 44.2 73.8 28.7 79.1 67.6 91.8 52.8 57.4 53.2 32.0 22.1 74.7 52.8 91.3 72.4 59.1 26.0 31.5 50.2 90.2 53.2 48.0 26.9 82.2 29.2 34.6 52.0 48.0 65.9 44.3 53.4 45.3 15.6 35.6 68.4 82.2 31.0 30.2 64.9 32.7 18.5 59.5 31.0 81.2 76.2 52.4 35.1 16.2 18.5 100.0 64.9 52.8 45.1 66.7 45.3 36.5 74.1 52.8 66.5 66.7 76.1 47.2 25.6 44.0 59.2 66.7 46.1 18.1 100.0 18.1 28.6 69.4 46.1 87.5 11.2 58.3 63.9 11.1 52.6 100.0 100.0 22.6 22.0 80.3 22.3 30.6 33.3 22.6 45.4 22.4 31.2 22.9 10.5 27.3 50.0 80.3 87.5 18.9 99.2 27.7 58.9 23.6 87.5 48.7 44.9 49.0 57.4 14.6 28.7 32.6 99.2 60.2 38.4 59.2 26.0 42.3 56.7 60.2 63.8 84.9 57.6 59.6 24.1 44.7 58.6 59.2 63.1 27.4 71.4 26.2 35.7 60.7 63.1 66.7 100.0 56.0 59.5 21.4 42.5 50.0 71.4 63.4 46.3 31.9 50.1 36.9 60.9 63.4 80.1 73.5 54.8 43.9 13.1 38.0 84.5 31.9 59.8 49.0 100.0 33.3 71.2 59.7 59.8 78.7 86.2 59.4 45.2 17.9 49.2 77.8 100.0 65.0 25.0 70.8 0.0 50.5 62.5 65.0 12.5 64.5 75.0 62.0 37.5 47.4 12.5 70.8 50.0 44.6 21.9 20.3 17.1 39.7 50.0 80.9 100.0 42.6 87.2 30.8 46.7 68.0 21.9 39.3 65.8 73.7 29.6 35.6 47.4 39.3 75.8 36.2 50.3 21.1 21.1 31.9 81.5 73.7 66.5 69.1 90.2 56.3 42.7 89.4 66.5 68.5 78.7 64.6 41.1 33.3 50.3 100.0 90.2 64.1 62.8 91.8 31.1 47.8 58.3 64.1 67.9 91.4 44.2 73.8 28.7 79.1 67.6 91.8 52.8 57.4 53.2 32.0 22.1 74.7 52.8 91.3 72.4 59.1 26.0 31.5 50.2 90.2 53.2 48.0 26.9 82.2 29.2 34.6 52.0 48.0 65.9 44.3 53.4 45.3 15.6 35.6 68.4 82.2 31.0 30.2 64.9 32.7 18.5 59.5 31.0 81.2 76.2 52.4 35.1 16.2 18.5 100.0 64.9 MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION 2020 Ibrahim Index of African Governance _ Index Report SECTION 01 The IIAG’s in-depth review: Participation, Rights & Inclusion: deterioration over the past decade, at twice the speed since 2015, drives the first background and main changes ever year-on-year decline at the overall governance level 36 All components decline over the decade, but trends differ > from 2015 onwards 36 More than half the countries follow a path of increasing The IIAG in-depth review 8 deterioration from 2015 36 A new IIAG framework with three main new features 8 Participation: the most declined of the IIAG’s 16 sub- 1. The new IIAG framework encompasses additional categories since 2015 38 governance dimensions 9 Rights: the second most declined IIAG sub-category over 2. A better-balanced structure and mainly clustered indicators 10 the decade and since 2015 39 3. Africa’s citizens’ voices are more prominently highlighted 11 Inclusion & Equality: bouncing back in the latest five years within a decade of decline 41 Spotlight: Data gaps: still a lot to be done 12 Gender: bouncing back in the latest five years and highest scoring sub-category in Participation, Rights & Inclusion in 2019 43 Security & Rule of Law: continued deterioration over the past decade, albeit slower since 2015 48 SECTION 02 Very diverse performances within the category 48 At country level: worrying trends for some of the The 2020 IIAG findings better performers 48 Security & Safety: the 2019 best scoring yet most declined IIAG sub-category over the decade 50 > Rule of Law & Justice: marginal progress over the decade already under threat 51 Overall Governance: the first ever year-on-year decline Accountability & Transparency: progress on hold for the in 2019 22 lowest scoring sub-category in 2019 53 Over the decade, while Human Development and Foundations Anti-Corruption: accelerating improvement but still the for Economic Opportunity lead the way, Security & Rule of Law second lowest scoring IIAG sub-category 54 and Participation, Rights & Inclusion have deteriorated 23 The majority of countries have improved over the decade, Human Development: slowing improvement since 2015 however almost half register a decline in 2019 25 and first ever year-on-year decline in 2019 mirror the Ranks are not acquired forever: some high-ranking countries trajectory of Overall Governance 58 follow a deteriorating path, while some low-rankers feature Deteriorating Social Protection, as well as slowing among the largest improvers 25 improvement in Health and Education drive the slowdown 58 Unbalanced governance progress: only eight countries Human Development is the category where most countries manage to improve in all four categories over the decade 26 follow a path of slowing Improvement 58 Tell-tale correlations: besides balance, rule of law, justice, Health: still second highest scoring in 2019 and second inclusion and equality are the common denominators among most improved IIAG sub-category over the decade, but best performers 28 progress has slowed since 2015 60 Spotlight: Regional discrepancies: Northern Africa is on Education: progress has marginally slowed since 2015 62 the up while Central Africa, the lowest scoring region, is falling behind 30 Social Protection: concerning trends for the fourth lowest scoring IIAG sub-category in 2019 and the only one in Spotlight: What can the 2020 IIAG results tell us about Human Development to have declined since 2010 64 the impact of COVID-19 on Africa? 32 Sustainable Environment: the only IIAG sub-category where every single indicator improved over the whole decade 66 Foundations for Economic Opportunity: IIAG’s most improved category since 2010 70 All sub-categories have improved over the decade, with the largest progress in Infrastructure 70 All countries but three have improved over the decade 71 Infrastructure: though still low scoring in 2019, it is the best trending IIAG sub-category over the decade 72 Business Environment: better access to financial services drives progress 73 Public Administration: almost at standstill as 32 countries have shown signs of deterioration since 2015 74 Rural Sector: the best scoring sub-category in Foundations for Economic Opportunity 75 SECTION 03 Citizens’ Voices > Public Perception of Overall Governance: 2019 score is the lowest of the decade 78 Public perceptions of governance have declined in most countries over the decade and since 2015 79 All four sub-sections record the lowest scores of the decade 79 Annex > Country list 84 Country Scorecards 86 Notes 140 IIAG indicator definitions & sources 142 CV indicator definitions & sources 147 IIAG & CV data sources 148 Project team 149 SECTION 01 The IIAG’s in-depth review: background and main changes > 31.0 30.2 52.8 45.1 46.1 18.1 22.6 22.0 87.5 18.9 60.2 38.4 63.1 27.4 63.4 46.3 59.8 49.0 65.0 25.0 50.0 44.6 55.0 50.4 53.5 87.4 45.8 98.7 26.9 88.8 82.5 99.8 76.8 49.8 59.5 99.7 29.6 48.8 58.2 36.3 68.4 1.6 39.3 65.8 66.5 69.1 64.1 62.8 52.8 57.4 48.0 26.9 31.0 30.2 52.8 45.1 46.1 18.1 22.6 22.0 87.5 18.9 60.2 38.4 63.1 27.4 63.4 46.3 59.8 49.0 65.0 25.0 50.0 44.6 39.3 65.8 66.5 69.1 64.1 62.8 52.8 57.4 48.0 26.9 31.0 30.2 8 The IIAG in-depth review A new IIAG framework with three main new features The Mo Ibrahim Foundation defines governance as the provision of political, social, economic and environmental The 2018-2020 IIAG in-depth review: public goods and services that every citizen has the right to expect from their government, and that a government has the responsibility to deliver to its citizens.
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