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Invasive Alien Plants an Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent
Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent EDITED BY I.R. BHATT, J.S. SINGH, S.P. SINGH, R.S. TRIPATHI AND R.K. KOHL! 019eas Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent FSC ...wesc.org MIX Paper from responsible sources `FSC C013604 CABI INVASIVE SPECIES SERIES Invasive species are plants, animals or microorganisms not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction has threatened biodiversity, food security, health or economic development. Many ecosystems are affected by invasive species and they pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Globalization through increased trade, transport, travel and tour- ism will inevitably increase the intentional or accidental introduction of organisms to new environments, and it is widely predicted that climate change will further increase the threat posed by invasive species. To help control and mitigate the effects of invasive species, scien- tists need access to information that not only provides an overview of and background to the field, but also keeps them up to date with the latest research findings. This series addresses all topics relating to invasive species, including biosecurity surveil- lance, mapping and modelling, economics of invasive species and species interactions in plant invasions. Aimed at researchers, upper-level students and policy makers, titles in the series provide international coverage of topics related to invasive species, including both a synthesis of facts and discussions of future research perspectives and possible solutions. Titles Available 1.Invasive Alien Plants : An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent Edited by J.R. Bhatt, J.S. Singh, R.S. Tripathi, S.P. -
Chemical Analysis of Blumea Lacera and Identification of Its Bioactive Constituents by GC-MS Technique
Eco. Env. & Cons. 26 (4) : 2020; pp. (1652-1656) Copyright@ EM International ISSN 0971–765X Chemical analysis of Blumea lacera and Identification of its bioactive constituents by GC-MS technique Sagar Kumar1* and Satyendra Kumar2 1Department of Chemistry, Government Polytechnic Banka, Bihar 813 105 India 2University Department of Chemistry, Tilkamanjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar 812 007 India (Received 4 April, 2020; Accepted 18 May, 2020) ABSTRACT Plants are main sources of chemical constituents. A lot of organic, Inorganic, biomolecules have been isolated from the plants. Plants have effective value in different type of diseases in the plants and also animals. They are used as pesticides and insecticides. Indigenous plant plays an important role in biocontrol against the pesticides and insecticides. Destruction of stored grain or stored products by pest is a world wide problem. There are about more than two hundred insects which attack the store grain and its product. Scientists have been working to protect the insects by the indigenous plant extracts, therefore there is less effects on the users. The farmer uses the different type of extracts of plant to kill the insects like tobacco extracts, Azadirachta extracts (Neem) and some member of compositae like Blumea species. In the present paper we report the isolation and identification of bioactive constituents from the plants of Blumea lacera. Key words : Blumea lacera, Compositae, Emery-2216, Diethyl oxalate. Introduction Blumea lacera competes with Rabi crop such as Lin seed, chickpea and wheat for light, food and Kukrondha in Hindi (Blumea lacera) is one of the moisture (Oudhia, 1997). The root kept in the mouth most famous and popular plant in India. -
Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) of New Guinea: Current Status, Future Plans
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 63(1 & 2): 77–82. 2011 77 Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) of New Guinea: current status, future plans Marie Briggs Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Saurauia, with approximately 300 species, is the largest of three genera within the family Actinidiaceae and is found in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia, Central and South America. The family placement of the genus has changed several times, at times being placed in Ternstroemiaceae, Dilleniaceae and its own family, Saurauiaceae. The island of New Guinea may be a centre of diversity for Saurauia in South East Asia with more than 50 species. No comprehensive treatment of New Guinean Saurauia has been attempted since the work of Diels in 1922, despite complaints by later researchers that this publication is out of date and the subdivisions of the genus proposed therein are unsatisfactory. A full account of the family, including Saurauia, has yet to be covered in Flora Malesiana. This paper presents an introduction to the genus Saurauia in New Guinea and communicates plans for future research. Keywords. Actinidiaceae, New Guinea, Saurauia The family Actinidiaceae The family Actinidiaceae Gilg & Werdermann contains c. 355 species within three genera—Actinidia Lindl. (which includes the kiwi-fruit, c. 30 species), Saurauia Willd. (c. 300 species) and Clematoclethra (Franch.) Maxim. (c. 25 species). The family occurs in tropical and subtropical Central America, South America and South East Asia and also in temperate Asia and northern Australia (Heywood 2007). According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) 3 (Stevens 2001 onwards), Actinidiaceae sits in the order Ericales as a sister group to the families Roridulaceae and Sarraceniaceae. -
Pseudoconyza Cuatrec. (Asteraceae), a Newly Recorded Genus for the Flora of Taiwan
Taiwania, 54(3): 261-265, 2009 NOTE Pseudoconyza Cuatrec. (Asteraceae), a Newly Recorded Genus for the Flora of Taiwan Ming-Jer Jung(1), Tian-Chuan Hsu(2) and Shih-Wen Chung(3*) 1. Herbarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53, Nanhai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. 2. Instistute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4., Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. 3. Division of Forestry Biology, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53, Nanhai Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan. * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 14 July 2008; accepted 20 December 2008) ABSTRACT: Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy (Asteraceae) was recently found in lowlands of southern Taiwan. This represents a new record not only for this species but also for the genus on this island. In this study Pseudoconyza viscosa is described. A distribution map, line drawings and photographs of this species are also provided. KEY WORDS: Pseudoconyza viscosa, Asteraceae, Taiwan. viscosa and several similar species in Taiwan was also INTRODUCTION presented. Boufford et al. (2003) published a checklist of the vascular plants of Taiwan. Since then, a few genera and TAXONOMIC TREATMENT many species were reported for the flora of this island (e.g., Chen, 2007; Chen et al., 2007; Chung et al., 2006; Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy, Phytologia 25(5): Hsu et al., 2004, 2005; Hsu et al., 2006; Huang, 2005; 281. 1973; Anderberg. Pl. Syst. Evol. 176: 145-177. Jung and Kuoh, 2007; Jung et al., 2005; Tseng et al., 1991; Chaudhary. Fl. Kingd. Saudi Arabia II (3): 2008ab; Yang and Hsieh. -
2016 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania
A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2016 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2016 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, Including Macquarie Island. 2016 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, M.F. and Baker, M.L. (2016) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, Including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Hobart) www.tmag.tas.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921599-83-5 (PDF) 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2016 Introduction The classification systems used in this Census largely follow Cronquist (1981) for flowering plants (Angiosperms) and McCarthy (1998) for conifers, ferns and their allies. The same classification systems are used to arrange the botanical collections of the Tasmanian Herbarium and by the Flora of Australia series published by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS). For a more up-to-date classification of the flora refer to The Flora of Tasmania Online (Duretto 2009+) which currently follows APG II (2003). This census also serves as an index to The Student’s Flora of Tasmania (Curtis 1963, 1967, 1979; Curtis & Morris 1975, 1994). Species accounts can be found in The Student’s Flora of Tasmania by referring to the volume and page number reference that is given in the rightmost column (e.g. -
<I>Hibiscus Fabiana</I> Sp. Nov. (<I>Malvaceae</I
Blumea 65, 2020: 69 –74 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2020.65.01.08 Hibiscus fabiana sp. nov. (Malvaceae) from the Guinea Highlands (West Africa) M. Cheek1,*, P.K. Haba2,3, S. Cisse4 Key words Abstract Hibiscus fabiana Cheek (sect. Furcaria, Malvaceae) is described from the Guinea Highlands of West Africa, and its taxonomic affinities and ecology are considered. Hibiscus fabiana has previously been confused Bowal with H. rostellatus but has red fleshy calyx ribs (vs not red and non-fleshy), the calyx surface is glabrous apart from conservation 1-armed bristles (vs densely covered in minute white stellate hairs and bristles 2–5-armed), the leaves 3(–5)-lobed, Furcaria bases truncate to rounded (vs 5-lobed, cordate). The conservation status of the new species is assessed using the Guinea Highlands IUCN 2012 standard as Vulnerable. In the context of the recently discovered extinction of the Guinean endemic Hibiscus Inversodicraea pygmaea G.Taylor (Podostemaceae), we discuss the 30 new species to science discovered in Guinea Important Plant Areas since 2005, all but one of which are also range-restricted and threatened, usually by development or habitat loss. We Simandou consider it urgent to avoid their extinction, ideally with in situ conservation using an Important Plant Areas approach. Published on 27 May 2020 INTRODUCTION material described below as H. fabiana falls clearly in sect. Furcaria DC., since it possesses setose fruit valves, and a The flora of Guinea (245 857 km 2) is diverse in a West African fruiting calyx that is leathery to fleshy, with raised, rib-like veins context. -
Of Antimicrobial Activity in Various Dried Extracts of Gnaphalium Polycaulon, Indian Folkloric Medicinal Plant
ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 227 ____________________________________________________________Research Article Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial activity in various dried extracts of Gnaphalium polycaulon, Indian folkloric medicinal plant K. Shanmugapriya*, T. Senthil Murugan and Tha Thayumanavan School of Biotechnology, Dr. G. R. Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India. __________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Objective: Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. The aim of the current study was designed to determine MIC values for its antimicrobial analysis of the different dried parts of G. polycaulon in all solvents. Methods: The selected plant was collected and coarsely powdered for organic solvent extraction using Soxhlet’s method. Then all the extracts obtained were subjected for analysis of antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungal cultures by standard procedure. Results: All extracts showed MIC values at 125 µg/ml, determined high antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: In the current investigation, we have reported major secondary metabolites of G. polycaulon that might responsible for its antimicrobial effect against all the test bacteria and fungi. Keywords: Medicinal plant, antibacterial, antifungal, MIC, bacteria, and fungi. INTRODUCTION biological diversity conservation4 Medicinal plants play a significant role in (Shanmugapriya and Thayumanavan, 2016). providing primary health care services. The study of traditional human uses of plants, is Medicinal plants have been identified and used recognized as an effective way to discover throughout human history1 (Borkataky et al., future medicines 5 (Sofowora, 1993). In 2001, 2013). Medicinal and aromatic plants are used researchers identified 122 compounds used in widely in the later years of the 21st century. It modern medicine which were derived from constitute the backbone of traditional medicine traditional plant sources; 80% of these have had practices. -
The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon). -
12. Tribe INULEAE 187. BUPHTHALMUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2
Published online on 25 October 2011. Chen, Y. S. & Anderberg, A. A. 2011. Inuleae. Pp. 820–850 in: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y., eds., Flora of China Volume 20–21 (Asteraceae). Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis). 12. Tribe INULEAE 旋覆花族 xuan fu hua zu Chen Yousheng (陈又生); Arne A. Anderberg Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs. Stems with or without resin ducts, without fibers in phloem. Leaves alternate or rarely subopposite, often glandular, petiolate or sessile, margins entire or dentate to serrate, sometimes pinnatifid to pinnatisect. Capitula usually in co- rymbiform, paniculiform, or racemiform arrays, often solitary or few together, heterogamous or less often homogamous. Phyllaries persistent or falling, in (2 or)3–7+ series, distinct, unequal to subequal, herbaceous to membranous, margins and/or apices usually scarious; stereome undivided. Receptacles flat to somewhat convex, epaleate or paleate. Capitula radiate, disciform, or discoid. Mar- ginal florets when present radiate, miniradiate, or filiform, in 1 or 2, or sometimes several series, female and fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes reddish, rarely ochroleucous or purple. Disk florets bisexual or functionally male, fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes reddish, rarely ochroleucous or purplish, actinomorphic, not 2-lipped, lobes (4 or)5, usually ± deltate; anther bases tailed, apical appendages ovate to lanceolate-ovate or linear, rarely truncate; styles abaxially with acute to obtuse hairs, distally or reaching below bifurcation, -
On the Flora of Australia
L'IBRARY'OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOUGHT. THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEING AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. r^/f'ORElGN&ENGLISH' <^ . 1859. i^\BOOKSELLERS^.- PR 2G 1.912 Gray Herbarium Harvard University ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION. I I / ON THE FLORA OF AUSTRALIA, ITS ORIGIN, AFFINITIES, AND DISTRIBUTION; BEIKG AN TO THE FLORA OF TASMANIA. BY JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., F.R.S., L.S., & G.S.; LATE BOTANIST TO THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. Reprinted from the JJotany of the Antarctic Expedition, Part III., Flora of Tasmania, Vol. I. LONDON : LOVELL REEVE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1859. PRINTED BY JOHN EDWARD TAYLOR, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. § i. Preliminary Remarks. PAGE Sources of Information, published and unpublished, materials, collections, etc i Object of arranging them to discuss the Origin, Peculiarities, and Distribution of the Vegetation of Australia, and to regard them in relation to the views of Darwin and others, on the Creation of Species .... iii^ § 2. On the General Phenomena of Variation in the Vegetable Kingdom. All plants more or less variable ; rate, extent, and nature of variability ; differences of amount and degree in different natural groups of plants v Parallelism of features of variability in different groups of individuals (varieties, species, genera, etc.), and in wild and cultivated plants vii Variation a centrifugal force ; the tendency in the progeny of varieties being to depart further from their original types, not to revert to them viii Effects of cross-impregnation and hybridization ultimately favourable to permanence of specific character x Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection ; — its effects on variable organisms under varying conditions is to give a temporary stability to races, species, genera, etc xi § 3. -
Pharmaco-Chemical Characterization of Leaves of Blumea Mollis (D. Don
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(4): 319-323 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Pharmaco-chemical characterization of leaves of JPP 2017; 6(4): 319-323 Received: 13-05-2017 Blumea mollis (D. Don) merr. from Western Ghats of Accepted: 12-06-2017 wayanad region of Kerala, India Sreelekha KP Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Sreelekha KP, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Adarsh Krishna TP, Deepa PE, Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Darsana Udayan, Sanis Juliet, Suresh N Nair and Reghu Ravindran Wayanad, Kerala, India. Ajeesh Krishna TP Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Abstract Department of Veterinary Pharmacology Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. is one of the plant belonging to Asteraceae family traditionally used for and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and the treatment of various ailments. The present study deals with the pharmaco-chemical characterization Animal Sciences University, Pookode, of Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr, found in Western Ghats of Wayanad region of Kerala. The physico- Wayanad, Kerala, India. chemical studies showed that the plant leaves contained foreign content 0.313 %, moisture content Adarsh Krishna TP 11.333 %, total ash content 11.416 %, acid soluble ash 56.833 %, water soluble ash 15.054 % and Center for Ethno-pharmacology, alcohol soluble ash 10.595%. The crude ethanolic extract and its four fractions showed the presence of Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and biologically active phyto-constituents. The study also included preparation of different extracts by Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and successive solvent extraction for detailed analysis. -
Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Indigenous Traditional Indian Folk Medicinal
Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of indigenous traditional Indian folk Medicinal TICLE R Plant, Gnaphalium polycaulon A Shanmugapriya Kaminidevi, Thayumanavan Thangavelu, Jinu Udayabhanu, Senthil Murugan Thangavel L Department of Biotechnology, Dr. G. R. Damodaran College of Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India A Background and Aim: Gnaphalium polycaulon (L.) Pers. (Asteraceae) plant, locally known as Nerabu chedi, collected from Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu was subjected to antimicrobial screening and minimum inhibitory concentration of methanolic extracts IGIN of leaf, stem, and flower. Methodology: The selected plant used in traditional Indian medicine was examined for antimicrobial R activity and minimum inhibitory concentration against human pathogenic bacteria and fungus using the agar well diffusion method. The antilog of the corresponding value of concentration was taken as the minimum inhibitory concentration value. O Statistical Analysis: All the values of the results of the assay were expressed as means of triplicates, mean ± standard deviation. Results: The antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extracts of G. polycaulon showed a high level of antimicrobial activity against the studied bacterial and fungal pathogens. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the medicinal value of this plant could be attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites in the traditional herbal medicines. Therefore, this antimicrobial activity shows a source for traditional use of the plant as a local health remedy to the