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Pharmaco-Chemical Characterization of Leaves of Blumea Mollis (D. Don

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Pharmaco-Chemical Characterization of Leaves of Blumea Mollis (D. Don Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(4): 319-323 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Pharmaco-chemical characterization of leaves of JPP 2017; 6(4): 319-323 Received: 13-05-2017 Blumea mollis (D. Don) merr. from Western Ghats of Accepted: 12-06-2017 wayanad region of Kerala, India Sreelekha KP Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Sreelekha KP, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Adarsh Krishna TP, Deepa PE, Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Darsana Udayan, Sanis Juliet, Suresh N Nair and Reghu Ravindran Wayanad, Kerala, India. Ajeesh Krishna TP Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Abstract Department of Veterinary Pharmacology Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. is one of the plant belonging to Asteraceae family traditionally used for and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and the treatment of various ailments. The present study deals with the pharmaco-chemical characterization Animal Sciences University, Pookode, of Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr, found in Western Ghats of Wayanad region of Kerala. The physico- Wayanad, Kerala, India. chemical studies showed that the plant leaves contained foreign content 0.313 %, moisture content Adarsh Krishna TP 11.333 %, total ash content 11.416 %, acid soluble ash 56.833 %, water soluble ash 15.054 % and Center for Ethno-pharmacology, alcohol soluble ash 10.595%. The crude ethanolic extract and its four fractions showed the presence of Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and biologically active phyto-constituents. The study also included preparation of different extracts by Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and successive solvent extraction for detailed analysis. Florescence profiling of the plant powder was done Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India. under visible, short and long UV light, which signified its characteristics. The findings of the present study will be useful in setting the quality control parameters for the plant. Deepa PE Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology Keywords: Blumea mollis, physico-chemical, phytochemical and florescence profiling and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Introduction Wayanad, Kerala, India. Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. is a plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is an annual Darsana Udayan aromatic herb, with erect stems and soft glandular hairs. The leaves are ovate- oblong, Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology petiolate and irregularly toothed. The flowers are pink purple in colour, bracts are narrowing, and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and acuminate and achenes are terete. They grow up to 0.3-1.0 m high and are commonly found in Animal Sciences University, Pookode, the tropical south India, Myanmar, China, South of Sahara, Malaysia and South America. Wayanad, Kerala, India. Many members of the Asteraceae family are of economic or medicinal value because of the Sanis Juliet presence of ethereal and fatty oils, resins and bitter principles. In India, traditionally the leaves Center for Ethno-pharmacology, [1] Department of Veterinary Pharmacology of the plant are used for the treatment of various ailments as skin diseases, diarrhoea , and Toxicology. College of Veterinary and [2] [3] [4] Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and asthma, dropsy , wounds and against external parasite . The leaves of the plant are also Animal Sciences University, Pookode, reported to have antioxidant, anticancer [5], antibacterial, larvicidal [6], hepatoprotective, and Wayanad, Kerala, India. [7] anti-inflammatory properties . Phytochemically, the essential oil of B. mollis is reported to Suresh N Nair consist of 39 constituents, the major compounds being linalool, gamma-elemene, copaene, Center for Ethno-pharmacology, [8] Department of Veterinary Pharmacology estragole, allo-ocimene, gamma-terpinene and allo-aromadendrene . In addition, alkanes n- and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and triacontane, n-hentriacontane, 2, 3-dimethoxy p-cymene, chrysanthanone, 2, 4, 5- Animal Sciences University, Pookode, trimethoxyallylbenzene, methyl-5-isopropyl-1, 2-methycyclopentane carboxylate and Wayanad, Kerala, India. [9, 10] caryophyllene oxide are also identified from the essential oil of B. mollis . Reghu Ravindran However, the literature surveys have revealed that there are no reports on the Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, pharmacognostical studies conducted on this plant. Therefore, the present study was aimed at Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, evaluating the phytochemical profile, fluorescence and physico-chemical characterisation of India. the leaves of B. mollis. Systematic classification of the plant Kingdom - Plantae Phylum - Magnoliophyta Class - Magnoliopsida Order - Asterales Family - Asteraceae Correspondence Genus - Blumea Sanis Juliet Center for Ethno-pharmacology, Species - Blumea mollis Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India. ~ 319 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Fig 1(B) Fig 1(C) Fig 1(D) Fig 1(E) Fig 1(A): photograph of CVP- 05 Fig 1(F) Fig 1(G) Fig 1: Roots, stem leaves and inflorescence of Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. Materials and Methods using Whatman No: 42 filter paper. In a flat bottom shallow Collection and identification of plant materials dish, 25ml of filtrate was evaporated to dryness, dried at 105 The plant Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. (Figure 1) was oC and weighed. Extractive yield percentage was calculated collected from Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences with reference to the air dried powder [11]. University campus, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India. It was identified and authenticated by a botanist and a voucher Fractionation of ethanolic extract specimen (Accession No: CALI 6637) was deposited at The crude ethanolic extract was fractionated using solvents of Department of Botany, University of Calicut. ascending polarity such as hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water. The crude ethanolic extract (100g) was transferred to a Physiochemical analysis separating funnel and extracted with hexane to obtain the The physicochemical parameters such as the percentage of hexane soluble fraction. The remaining hexane insoluble loss on drying (LOD), total ash, foreign content, moisture fraction was successively extracted with chloroform to yield content, acid soluble ash, water soluble ash and alcohol chloroform soluble fraction. Further, the chloroform insoluble soluble ash were determined as per the Indian Pharmacopoeia fraction was extracted with n-butanol and subsequently with [10]. water to yield n-butanol and aqueous fractions respectively [11]. Solvents were removed using rotary vacuum evaporator, Preparation of crude ethanolic extract dried at room temperature. The extracts were freeze dried The plant leaves were cleaned and dried at room temperature (M/s Operon Co. Ltd., Korea) and stored at -20ᴼC until for two weeks. The dried leaves were powdered in a plant further use. sample grinder at controlled temperature and subjected to ethanolic extraction in a soxhlet extraction apparatus attached Analysis of primary and secondary metabolites with a rotary vacuum evaporator (M/s Buchi, Switzerland) The crude ethanolic extract of B. mollis and its four fractions under reduced pressure. Solvents were evaporated off by were tested qualitatively for the presence of different primary rotary vacuum evaporator at 175 mbar at a temperature in the and secondary metabolites like steroids, carbohydrates, range of 40 °C to 50 °C. tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, saponins and alkaloids using standard methods [11]. Determination of extractive values Coarsely chopped leaves of B. mollis was subjected to Fluorescence analysis maceration for 24 hrs in a closed flask using 100 ml of The fluorescence profiling is the one of the pharmacognostic different solvent viz., ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, procedures useful in the identification of authentic samples hexane, petroleum ether and distilled water. The flask was and recognising impurities. It was done by placing a small frequently shaken during the first 6 hrs and allowed to stand quantity of dried and finely powdered leaves on a grease-free for 18 hrs. After 24 hrs, the contents in the flask were filtered microscope slide and observing the colour changes under ~ 320 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry visible and UV lights after treating with several drops of drug (non-physiological ash), it represents the inorganic part different freshly prepared specified reagents. The or earthy matter along with the plant. It also gives an idea development of colour was recorded within 1-2 minutes in about the quality and purity of the drug. order to avoid drying and resultant colour change [12]. Table 1: Physiochemical characterization of the leaves of B. mollis Preliminary phytochemical screening (D. Don) Merr. The crude ethanolic leaf extract of B. mollis and its four No. Parameters Values* expressed as % fractions (hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water) were 1 Foreign content 0.083 ± 0.021 partitioned
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