INDEX

Aalenian, 91, 98, 100, 101,395,396,402,423,428 Actinoptena, 497 Aalensis Biozone, 91, 93, 98,100 Actinosepia, 55 Acanthicum Zone (Chronozone), 321, 323, 466, 471, Adamsoceras, 144 472 holmi,144 Acanthoceras, 64, 65, 67, 74 oe/andicum, 144 amphibo/um, 62 Adaptation, 309 bellense, 62 Adaptive, 311 granerosense, 62 radiation, 59, 91,101,102,396,411,412 rhotomagense, 324 Ademic organisms, 407, 408, 412 var. clavatum, 324 AdmirandumlBiruncinatum Zone, 324, 328, 466, var. confusum, 324 476 var. subjlexuosum, 324 Adygeya,47,52,54,55 var. sussexiense, 324 adygensis, 54 aft'. sussexiense, 324 Adygeyidae, 54, 55 Acanthoceratid, -ae, 59, 61,62,63,64,67,68,69,70, Agathiceratidae, 300, 302, 309 71 Agetograptus, 497 Acantholissonia, 521,522,523,524,526,527,528, Aggregate crystal, 233 529 Agoniatites, 23, 26, 27, 37 gerthi, 524, 527 bicanaliculatus, 28, 32, 33, 39 Acanthompha/a, 321; see a/so Pseudowaagenia cf. bicanalicu/atus, 32 Acceleration, 69, 112 costu/atus, 39,40 Accretionary growth, 23, 25, 26, 36, 37, 42 umbona/e, 28 Accumulated elements, 398 cf. umbona/e, 32 Acernaspis, 495, 496 vanuxemi,28, 32, 36 Acetabulum, -la, -Iar (moieity), 204, 205, 207, 208, Agoniatitida, -ina, 23, 27,43 209,214,218 Akrosphaerorthoceras grega/e, 384, 388 Achoanitic, 227, 243, 247, 250; see also Septal neck A/amitocense, 474; see also Aspidoceras Acicular-prismatic layer, 52, 53 AlbertinumlDarwini Zone, 466, 474, 476, 486 Acmonoides (A.), 425 Albian, 62,425,426 Acompsoceras, 64, 65, 74 Aleksin horizon, 507 Acrei (A.), 425 Alispira gracilis, 495, 496 Aerobe/us, 423 Allochthonous shells, 407 Acrocoelites, 422,423,427, 428 Allometries, -ic, 18, 263 Actinocamax, 425, 430 Allotrioceratidae, 142, 144, 154 cobbani,425 Allumettoceras, 147 groen/andicus,425 Aloco/ytoceras, 93 manitobensis,425 Aluojan, 139, 144, 150 praecursor, 425 Alveolus, -oli, -olar, 162, 164, 166, 167, 189, 190, 196 Actinocerid, -a, 52, 137, 144, 154, 255, 256, 260, Ammonitella, -ae, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27,28, 29, 31, 32, 390 33,34,35,36,37,40,43,240,243,244,245, Actinoconites, 165 247,253,345,346,356,358,361,363

531 532 Index

Ammonites, 3, 6, 7, 59, 61, 62, 63, 69, 71, 77, 78, 80, Anthracoceras, 82, 308, 350, 353, 356, 358 125, 126, 132,263,265,271,273,274,275, d~cus,82,350,353,356,358 276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284, Antibody, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196 285,286,287,288,289,290,315,316,317, Antigen, 191, 192, 194, 196 321,324,328,329,330,335,336,337,338, Antisera, 191, 194 339,340,342,348,463,464,466,467,468, Apex, 5, 23, 27, 29, 30, 32,166,167,174,176,178, 471,472,474,476,477,478,480,481,482, 182,208,209,212,218,223,225,228,255, 484,485,486,487,521,523,524,526 256,267,336,367,369,371,374,377 Deshayesi, 439 Aphelaeceras arkansanum, 349, 352, 354 Regleyi, 93, 101 Apicicurvata (Ps.), 423 scissus, 93, 101 Apomorphic (character), 266 Ammonitic sutures, 278 Approximatus Biozone, 139 Ammonoid, -ea, 6, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 36, Aptian, 54, 55, 230, 234, 239, 419, 425, 426, 430, 432, 37,39,40,43,44,59,60,61,67,69,70,71, 433,437,439,440,441,444,445,447,449, 77,78,80,81,82,83,85,86,87,91,231,233, 450,452,457,458,460 234,235,236,237,240,241,244,245,250, Aptychi, -chus, 6, 7, 339 251,252,253,255,259,260,263,273,274, Aquilonites, 515 275,276,289,295,296,297,298,299,300, Aranea, 198 301,303,304,305,307,308,309,310,311, Aravanites kirgizstanicus, 301 312,316,317,329,345,346,348,350,351, Arcanoceras, 512, 515 353,354,355,356,358,359,360,361,362, formosum,515 363,395,397,398,407,463,505,506,507, Archanarcestes, 23, 27 508,509,510,511,512,513,515,517 obesus, 29, 33, 40 Ammonitina, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 252, Architeuthis, 79 253,263,316,397,398,407 Arcobe/us, 423, 428 Amoeboceras horizon, 472 Arctic Province, 409, 423, 425 Amoebocytes, 176, 198 Arcticoceras, 125, 131,320 Amphichoanitic, 250 Arctocephalites,320 Amsbergites warslowensis, 515 Arctocephalitinae, 125, 132 Anaboly, 114 Arctoteuthis,429 Anaplanulites, 126 Arenig-Llanvirn, 137, 139 mutatus, 126 Argonauta, 5, 316 Anaptychi, 6 Arion hortensis, 198 Anarcestes, 27 Arionoceras, 391 lateseptatus, 28 affine, 384, 388 Anarcestida, -tina, 27, 43 repetitum, 384, 398 Ancistroceras, 148, 150 submoniliforme, 384, 385, 388 Ancyloceratina, 244, 250, 251 Arjamannia cf. cancel/atula, 496-497 Andalusphinctes,485 Arkanites relictus, 82, 87, 350, 351, 355, 356, 360 Andean (stratigraphy, ammonites), 480, 522 Arm, 3,4, 5, 7,8,9,10,79,203,204,205,207,208, Province, 410 211,212,214,216,342 Andkeras, 467,474,485 Amsbergian, 300, 507, 516 lenki, 466, 467, 474, 478 Arnsbergites, 512 monserrati, 466, 467, 474 Arnsberites warlovensis, 513 Andinum, 474; see also Aspidoceras Arteria branchialis, 190 Anisian, 167,317,330 siphonalis, 190 Anisotropic cloud, 269; see also Landmark Artus Biozone, 139 Ankyloceras, 230 Arundian, 507, 508 Annulate, 138, 144,146 Asbian, 507, 511 Annulosiphonate deposits, 146 Aserian, 139, 140, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148 Anova,281 Ashgillian, 367 Anoxic Asidoceras, 517 bottom waters, 431 nikolaevi, 509, 510, 515 conditions, 339, 342 Aspidoceras,474 environments, 244 haupti.474 oceanic zone, 498 rafaeli, 474, 477 shales, 256; see a/so Dysoxic shales rogoznicense, 474, 477 waters, 501 sesquinodosum, 323 Anthoceras, 144 Aspidoceratidae, -tinae, 320, 321, 323, 326, 327 Index 533

Astarte, 126 Bathmoceras, 142 Asteroconites, 165 Bathmoceratidae, 140, 154 Ataxioceras assemblage, 468 Bathonian, 319, 320, 423 Athabascan Province, 410 Baupliine, 71, 271 Atherstoni Zone (Subzone), 527, 528 Bavaricum Zone, 466, 476 Athleta Zone, 130, 132 Beak, 6, 7 Atokan, 83, 347, 348, 361 Beckeri Chronozone (Zone), 321, 322, 466, 471, 472 Atractites, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,422,427 Belemnella, 425 alpinus, 164, 165 casimirovensis,425 claviger, 166 Belemnitella, 425 crassirostris, 166 americana, 425 intermedius, 163 bulbosa, 425 pusillus, 166 Belemnites, 51, 52, 55, 126, 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, Aturia,80 255,259,419,420,421,422,423,424,425, alabamensis, 80 426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433 Aulacoceras, 165 BelemnitelIidae, 430, 432, 433 ausseanum,168 Belemnitida, -tidae, -tina, 55, 162, 231, 422, 423, 424, Aulacoceratidae, -toidea, 162, 164, 165 427,428,429,432 Aulacocerida, -e, 55, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168,422, Belemnococeras, 165 427,431,433 Belemnoidea, 55 Aulacosphinctoides-Virgatosphinctes assemblage, 478 Be1emnopseidae, -ina, 424, 429, 431 Aulacoteuthis,425 Belemnops~,424,423,425,428,430,431 Ausseites, 163, 167, 168,422 madagascariensis, 426 Austral Realm, 419, 425, 429, 430, 431,432, 433 patagoniensis, 421, 426 Austroteuthis, 16~ Belemnoteuthina, 424 Autapomorphy, -ic, 8, 9, 59, 60, 64, 65, 67 Belemnoteuthis, 229, 424 Autochthonous shells, 407 Belosaepia, 51, 55 Autophagic vacuoles, 185 Belopteria, 55 Axinolobus quinni, 82 Belopterina, 55 Axonemes, 218 Benthic cephalopods, 203, 204, 216, 310, 384, 385 Bactritella, 47, 224 fauna, 390, 466 Bactrites, 49, 255, 256 foraminifera, 335 ausavensis, 228 Bentoceras, 150 postremus, 47, 48, 49, 54 proteus, 152 Bactritida, 43 Benueites, 328 Bactritimimus, 165 Bering Province, 409 Bactritoidea, 47, 49, 52 Berkhoceratid, -ae, 30 I, 3I0 Baculites, 251 Berriasella-Substeuroceras assemblage, 478 asper, 250 Berriase/la, 478, 482, 485 codynesis, 250 nitida,485 Bajarunia. 122 Berriasian, 425, 463, 464, 468, 476, 480, 481, 482, alexandri 117 484,485,486,487,488,522,528 dagysi, 122 Beyrichoceras, 512, 515 eiekitensis, 117 Zone, 507, 512 euomphala, 117, 122 -Goniatites Zone, 507, 508, 511, 513 Bajocian, 93, 319, 320, 406, 422, 423, 424, 428 Beyrichoceratoides, 509,510,512,515 Balderum horizon, 472 Bifoveoceras, 147 Baltoceratidae, 140, 146, 154 Bifrons Zone, 428 Baltoscandian, 139, 150 Billingenian, 139 Barrandeocerida, 148 Biodispersal, 407, 408 Barremian, 323,421,425,429,432, 521 Biogeographical dispersal, 408, 412 Basal cell, 189, 190, 196, 199 gradients, 41 I lamina, 173, 174, 176, 184, 186 pattern, 419 Baschkirites librovitchi, 350 Biometric method, 263, 264 Baseline, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270 Biospecies, 317, 348 methods, 265, 268, 270 Biotope, 317 units, 266 Bipolar distribution, 431 Bassleroceratidae, 150, 152, 156 pattern, 432 S34 Index

Bisatoceras secundum, 351 Cadoceras (cont.) Bisulcata (P.), 423 stenolobum, 126 Bivariate analysis, 263 subpatruum, 125, 129 Black shales, 493, 494, 496, 497, 498, 501, 508, 522 aff. tschemyschevi, "126 Blutdriise, 190, 198, 200 ex gr. tschernyschevi-simulans, 127 Bobrikihorizon, 507 Cadoceratinae, 131 BodeiSubzone,458 Cadochamoussetia, 12?, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, Boissieri Zone, 476 132, 133 Bolbozoe bohemica, 390 saratovensis, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 135 Bollandites, 512, 515 subpatruus, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130 -Bollandoceras assemblage, 510 surensis, 125, 126, 127, 128 -Bollandoceras Biozone, 507 Caecum, 7, 24, 25, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39,43,243,245, Bollandoceras, 515 246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,259 inopinum,515 Calarthoceras pseudocalamiteum, 384, 388 Boreal assemblages (faunas, ammonoids), 62, 109, Calliconites, 161, 162, 163, 165, 167, 168 110, III, 113, 118 dieneri. 167 realm (region), 93,109,114,348,409,410,419, Callidiscus Subzone, 437, 445, 450, 451, 457, 458, 459 423,425,429,430,431,432,433 Callinectes sapidus, 198 Boreoceras, 109, Ill, 114 Calliphylloceras, 329 apostolicum, III Callovian, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, demokidovi, III, 112, 114,117,118 234,238,320,421,423,424,428 mirabile, Ill, 122 Calloviense Zone, 320 ogonerense, 111, 117, 118 Calpionella, 476 planorbis, Ill, 112, 114, 117,118 alpina, 464, 482 Boreomeekoceras keyserlingi, 117 Calpionellopsis, 476 Box analysis (method), 276, 277 oblonga, 476 Brachial moiety, 214 simplex. 476 Bradfordensis Biochron, 91,100,101,102,395,396, Calveziconus lecalvezae, 335 397,398,401,402,403,405,406,408,409,412 Calycoceras. 64,65, 74 Branchial gland, 189, 190, 193, 194, 199, 200 Calymene, 497 Branneroceras branneri, 82, 351, 355, 356, 360, 361 Cameral deposit, 146, 148 Breviatractites, 161, 163, 165, 166 fluid, 275 Brevibelus, 422,423,427,428,431 Cameroceras, 142 Brevicones (breviocones, breviconic), 140, 154, 162, Campanian, 234, 238, 335, 425, 426, 371,390,391,392 Canadian, 139 Brevi/ormis (B.), 423 Cancelloceras, 297 Brigantian, 300, 507, 511 huntsvillense, 82. 351, ~60 Brooding, 5 Carbonate shelf, 139 Broodshell,5 Carboniferous, 36, 48, 49,53,55,77, 78, 82, 83, 85, 86, Brunsviciensis (0.),425 87,243,244,246,248,249,255,289,295,296, Bruquieriana (P.J, 423 297,299,306,310,345,346,347,348,362, Buckman Laws, 289 365,366,505,506,507,508,512,515,517 Buelowiteuthis, 165 Carcinus maenas, 190,198 Bumastus,496 Cardioceras, 320 Buoyancy, 79,275, 354,358,363 Cardioceratid, -ae, 132, 133, 320, 348 Burckhardticeras Zone, 466 Cardiola, 374, 377 IPonti Zone, 476 Carixian,319 Burial, 356, 358, 361 Carnian, 165, 166, 167 breakage, 358,361 Cartesian Divers Model, 289 fragmentation, 36J Caryoplasm. 176 Burroceras c1ydense, 62 Cassinian, 139 Bursa copulatrix, 17 Catulloceras. 93 Cavilentia tenuicula, 515 Cacheoceras,l44 Cavouri Zone, 321,466,472 Cadiconic (shells), 317, 318, 319 Cenomanian, 59, 61, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 421, 425, 432, Cadoceras. 125, 126, 128, 133 433 ex gr. elatmae, 126 Cenozoic, 54 nordenskjoeldi, 131 Ceratitic sutures, Ill, 278 sp. aff. simulans, 126 Ceratitid, -tina, 110, 114,251 Index 535

Ceratopyge, 139 Coilopoceratidae, 324 Chadian, 507, 508 Coleoid, -ea, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 13,47,48,52,54,55,80, Chamousseti Subzone, 134 161,162,164,184,190,224,230,316,346 Chamoussetia, J25, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, Columbites beds, 122 320 Columenoceras, 384 buckmani, 130 columen, 384, 388 chamousseti, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 134 grande,384,385,388,389 crobyloides, 130 Columnar cell, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 184, 186,208, funifera, 130 211 galdrinus, 130, 131 Composite crystal, 233 lenticularis, 130 Compound eye, 198 menzeli, 132 Compsum Zone, 466, 472 phi/lipsi, 130 Comptum Subchron, 100, 101 saratovensis, 130 Concavum Biochron, 95, 98,100,395,397,398,401, Champainian, 139 402,403,406,407,409,411,412 Chaperi Zone (Subzone), 478, 480 Conchiolin crest, 144 Chazian, 139 Condensed associations, 403, 406 Chemosensitivity, 174 sections, 397, 403 Cherepet horizon, 507 Coniacian, 234, 236, 238, 425, 433 Chesterian, 78, 82, 256, 300, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, Conlinoceras, 64, 75 352,353,354,356,361,363,507 tarrantense, 62 Chitinoidella, 476 Connecting ring, 142, 144, 152, 154,224,231 boneti,476 Conobelus, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, dobeni,476 231 Chitinoteuthididae, 165 Conodicoelites, 423 Chitinoteuthis, 165 Conorthoceras conicum, 150 Choanoteuthis, 161, 163, 165, 167, 168 Conotheca, 162, 168,223,224,225,229,230 antimonioensis, 167 Constructional morphology, 275 mullen, 167 Continental shelf, 100 Chorion, 5 Contrarium Zone, 112, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122 Chromatophores, 173, 174 Cordatum Zone (Subzone), 320 Chronocline, 91, 96, 102 Corongoceras, 484 Cicatrix, 14,229,255,256,257,259,260 (=Simplisphinctes) cordobai, 484 Ciliata Zone, 466, 476 mendozanum, 480 Ciliated cell, 184,214,216,218 Corongoceras Alternans Zone, 478 Cirroctopoda, 4, 9 Coronograptus cyphus Biozone, 493, 498 Cirromorph, 5 Cosmoceras, 93 Cisternae, 190, 194, 199,212 Hol/andae, 93, 98, 101 Cladistic analysis, 59, 62, 63, 74 Regleyi,94 Claviatractites, 161,163,165,166 Cosmopolitan, -ism, 109,431,474,505,517 Climacograptus angustus, 496 Courceyan, 507 ex gr. rectangularis. 496 Covariation, 273, 274, 275, 282, 289, 290 Clinoceras, 152 Crassiatractites, 161, 163, 165, 166 Clinoceratidae, 152, 156 Crassicol/aria, 464, 476, 482 Club-length indices, 18, 19, 20 intermedia, 476 sucker, 17, 18, 19,20 Cratonic areas, 100, 397 sucker indices, 18, 19 Cravenoceras, 297, 301,305,309,311,513, 515 Cluthoceras glicki, 349, 352, 354, 360 arcticum,301 Clymeniid, 230, 289, 315 crassum,301 Clysaspira gradata, 497 cf. malhamense, 301 Coating layer, 51, 52, 53 mangitense, 301 Cochlioceras, 140 petrenkoi,301 avus, 140, 141 Cravenoceratid, -ae, 299,301,309,310 Coeloceras, 319 Cravenoceratoides, 302, 308, 309, 311 pettos,319 nilitoides, 30I Coilopoceras, 324, 328 Cretaceous, 25,42,47,54,55,62,80, 234, 240,250, col/eti,326 251,280,323,324,328,419,420,421,424, inflatum, 326 425,426,429,430,431,432,433,463,480, springeri, 326 485,488,521 536 Index

Crussoliceras, 467, 468 Deshayesites (cont.) Cryptocycloceras? deludens, 389 cf. borowae, 454, 455 Cuffs, 231 callidiscus,459 Cunningtoniceras, 64, 75 consobrinoides, 459 Curalensis horizon, 476 consobrinus, 452, 453, 458, 459 Cyanocyte, 190, 198 consobrinus var. involuta, 454 Cyclobuttsoceras, 146 dechyi,447 Cyclocyrtendoceras, 143, 144 afT. dechyi, 447 Cyclolituites, 148 deshayesi, 449, 458, 459 Cycloplectoceras, 152 ex gr. deshayesi, 457 Cyclostomiceratidae, 140, 154 euglyphus,451, 453,457, 458, 459, 460 Cylindrical tela, -urn, 163, 166, 167 fittoni,444 Cylindroteuthid, -ae, 428, 429, 432 fiexuosus, 437, 454, 456, 459 Cylindroteuthis, 126,422,429 forbesi, 440, 441, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 457, 458, cf. beaumontiana, 126 460 cf. okensis, 126 forbesikoeneni,447 cf. puzosiana, 126 cf.Jorbesi,453 Cymoceras cracens, 82, 350, 351, 359 gracilis, 444, 446, 457, 458, 460 Cyrtendoceratidae, 142, 144, 154 cf gracilis, 458 Cyrtocerinina, 142, 154 involutus, 437, 454, 458, 460 Cyrtochoanitic, 53, 144, 146; see also Septal neck involutus hythensis, 439 siphuncle, 147, 154 cf. involutus, 454, 455, 459 Cyrtocone, -ie, 14,53, 140, 144, 147, 150, 154,259, kiliani, 458, 459 369,371,375,381,384,385,386,388,389 latilobatus, 444, 446, 457,'458,459,460 Cytomorphological conformity (types ofcells), 189, cf latilobatus. 439 199 luppow, 447, 448, 457,458, 460 Cytoplasm, 176, 178, 180, 182, 184, 185, 194,210, afT. luppovi, 447, 448, 457 211,212,214,216 mirabilis, 456 Czekanowskii Subzone, 119 multicostatus, 441, 443, 444, 457, 458, 460 Czekanowskites,317 normani, 451, 457, 458, 459, 460 rieberi. 318, 319, 330 afT. normani, 450, 451,453, 457 oglanlensis, 441,458, 460 Dactyloteuthis, 423 afT. oglanlensis, 441,446,457 Dalmasiceras dalmasi Subzone, 528 pappi, 452 Damesites,235 planicostatus, 441, 447, 449, 450, 457, 458, 460 sugata, 234, 238 afT. planicostatus, 449, 450, 457 Decabrachia, -n, 8 planus, 439, 445,457, 458, 459,460 Decabranchia, 52, 55 planus planus, 445, 448, 457, 458 Decapod, -a, 4, 8, 9,10,79,174,199,200,204 planus pyritosus, 445, 446, 448, 457, 458 Deflexus biozone, 139 pygmaeus,451,452, 453,457, 458, 459, 460 Delepinoceras, 308, 309 pygmaeus tenuis, 452 acceptum, 302 saxbyi,449,457,458,460 bressoni, 302 aff. saxbyi, 449, 453, 457 eothalassoides, 514, 515 similis, 440, 441,458, 460 Delepinoceratid, -ae, 301, 309, 310 cf. similis, 440, 442, 457 Delphinensis Zone, 478, 480 aff. strigosus, 457 Delphinoteuthis, 161, 163, 165, 166 topleyi, 451, 457, 458, 459, 460 aenigmatica, 166 cf. topleyi, 451,453,457 Demic organisms, 93, 404, 407, 408, 412 weissi, 439, 440, 441, 442, 445, 449, 451, 452, 454, Demingian, 139 457,458,459,460 Demokidovi Zone (Subzone), III, 112, 118, 119 we~s((orm~,440,441,443,454,457,458,460 Deshayesi Zone, 437, 444, 452, 454, 457, 458, afT. weiss((ormis, 440 459 Desmoides Subzone (horizon), 472 Deshayesitaceae, 250 Desmosomes, 176,208,209,214,216 Deshayesites, 437, 438, 439, 442, 443, 446, 448, 450, Developmental plasticity (program), 59, 60, 61, 67, 453,455,457,458,459,460 69, 71 beskidensis,454 Devonian, 23, 24, 25,27,28, 29, 30, 31, 32,33, 36, bogdanovae, 452, 454, 455, 457, 458,460 37,39,40,48,230,280,289,296,310,365, borowae, 447, 454, 459, 460 366,367,374 Index 537

Diaboloeeras neumeieri, 83 Dunveganoeeras, 64, 75 varieostatum, 83, 85, 86 albertense, 62 Diaphragm, 150 eonditum, 62 Dibranchiata, -e, 189, 190, 199,200 pondi,62 Dieoelites, 422, 424, 428, 431 problematieum, 62 Dicoelitidae,424 Durangites, 464, 466,467, 480, 482,484,488, 492 Dietyoeonites, 165 faunal complex, 480 Dictyoconitidae, 165 rarifureatus, 467, 482 Dideroeeras, 142 zone, 466,476 g/aueonitieum, 142 Duva/ia, 429 holmi,142, lata, 230 cf holmi, 143 Duvaliid, -ae, 224, 230, 231,423, 425, 432, 429, 430 ineognitim, 142 Dysoxic environments, 244 longispieulum,142 shales, 256 popovkense,142 Dzhaprakoeeras, 509, 515 wah/enbergi, 142, 144 improeerum, 508 Dimitobelid, -ae, 426, 430, 432, 433 Dimitobelus, 425, 426, 430 East-Pacific Subrealm, 93, 97,100,396,409,410,411 Dimitoeamax, 425, 426 Ebrayieeras jaetatum, 319, 320 Dimorph, -ic (ism), 111,315,316,317,319, Eckhardites, 125, 132 320, 321, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, menzeli, 125 329, 330 pavlowi,125 pair/couple, 315, 317, 320, 321, 323, 326, 329, 330, Ecospace, 290 346 Ectocochleata, -chlian, 224, 236, 240 Dimorphoeeras,297 Ectoderm, 6, 173, 174 Dimorphoceratid, -ae, 30I, 310, 512 Ectoprocta, 78 Dinantian, 505, 510, 517 Edmooroeeras,512,513,515 Dineroeeras apostolieum, III Efimovae Subzone, 112, 119, 121 lenaense, 122 Egorovi Subzone, 112, 119, 120 ogonerense, III Eiehwaldoeeras, 150 Diotocardia, 198 Eichwaldi Subzone, 112, 113, 119, 121 Diplobelid,-a, 55, 230 Eiekitensis Subzone, 114, 119 Diplopoda, 78 Eifelian, 27 Discocone, 281 Ekotonous, 118 Discosorid, -a, 230, 231 Elatmae Zone, 127, 132 Dispersal, 431 Electrophoresis, 191, 199 Dissidocerida, 137, 140, 144, 146, 147, 154 Electrophoretic transfer cell, 191 Distomodus kentuekyensis, 495, 497 Eledone, 208, 209, 211, 218 Divisum Zone (Subzone), 322,466,471,472 cirrhosa, 9, 174 Dombarian, 512 mosehata,199,203,204,205,206,207,208,209, Dombarites, 297, 301, 305, 309, 311, 513, 515 210,211,212,214,216,218,220 ehoetawensis, 82, 84 Ellesmeroceratid, -ae, -da, 137, 140, 146, 150, 152, darvasieus, 300 154 linteroides, 300 Elviran, 300 parafaleatoides, 300 Embryo, -nic (development, ornament, periods, phase, parateetus,301 shell), -genesis, 4,5,6,7,8, 13, 14, 15,23,24, 'teetus, 30I 25,26,27,28,29,31,32,37,40,41,42,43, Dombaroeanites, 300, 302, 309 42,164,174,194,199,200,216,218,234, eatillus, 300, 301 235,237,238,240,241,244,250,251,253, ehaneharensis, 302 255,377 aff, quinquelobus, 300 Emmonsoeeras, 144 Domerian, 165, 167 Emsian,27 Doridoidea, 198 Emstites, 349, 353, 356, 512 Dorsalis (8.), 423 fayettevillae, 349, 352, 354 Drag, 310 Enayi horizon, 472 Drifted conch/shell, 93, 354, 358, 395, 412 Enayites, 320 Duct, 6 Endemism, ic, 60,109,110, III, 115,428,431,433, Dufrenoyia, 456 474,478,480,487,505,509,517 Dumortieria, 93 Endobenthos,474 538 Index

Endoceras, 138, 142 Evolutionary biology (developmental biology, mor- vaginatum, 142, 144 phology), 3, 4, 10 Endoceratid, ae, 142, 154 Evolutoconch, III Endocerid, -a, 137, 138, 142, 144, 154 Exogastric (Ellesmocerida), 140, 152, 154 Endocones, 142, 143, 144 Expanded sections, 397 Endogastric (Ellesmocerida), 140, 152 Expansion rate, 144 Endolobus clorensis, 82 Experimental morphology, 3, 7 Endoplasmic reticulum, 180, 190, 194,208,209,212, Explanatoides (A.), 425 214,216 Endosiphunde, -cular, 142, 144,255,259 Faberoceras, 230 Entolium, 126 Factor analysis, 273 Entomis migrans, 390 Falciferum Zone, 428 Enzymes, 189 FalcilituUes. 150 Eoasianites welleri, 83, 85, 87 subcostatum, 152 Eonomismoceras,515 Fallauxi Zone, 476, 477 shevyrevi, 510 Falloti Subzone, 476 Eophacops, 497 Famennian, 508 Eosomichelinoceras, 147 Fascipericyclus-Ammonellipsites Zone, 507 tortum, 148 Fayellevillea-Delepinoceras Zone, 296, 298, 299, 300, Epibenthos,474 302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310, Epibole (acme), 487 31),50~50~516,517 Epiboreoceras, 109, 111, 113, 114, 122 Fayettevillea, 311,515,516 lenaense, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118 densistriata, 515, 516 mirabile, 117, 118 minuscula, 515 Epicanues, 297, 300, 302,309, 512, 515 Ferganoceras elegans, 300 akatubens~,300,301,302,515 Ferganoceratidae, 309, 310 portenius, 515 Fierrites, 486 praecursor, 302 First septum, 33, 35, 43, 223,225, 227, 228, 229, 245, (Rotocanites). 514 256 Epicontinental (platfonn/shelf), 91, 100, 102, 274, Fissicostatum Zone, 458, 459 279,281,283,290,391,395,396,397,398, Filloni Subzone, 458 408,409,411,412,478 Flabelliforme Biozone, 139 Epidermis, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 182, Flange, 24, 32, 35,43,243,245,246,247,248,249, 183,184,185,186,216 250,251,252,253 Epioceanic environment (fringe, shelf), 274, 279, 281, Follicle, 5 283,290,478 Fontannesia. 98 Epipelagic elements (morphological types), 390, 392 Forbesi Zone, 437, 444, 445, 449, 450, 451, 452, 457, Epizoan,31 458,459 Ergastoplasm, 214 Forbesiceras, 63, 64, 65, 74 Erymnoceras coronatum, 126 Fourier descriptors, series, 273, 285, 288 Estonioceras, 150 Fractal analysis (dimension, dimension values, geome• lamellosum, 152 try, index), 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, Estonioceratid, -ae, 150, 156 281,282,283,285,286,287,288,289,290 Eudemic (organisms), 348, 395, 407, 408, 412 Frilling, 288, 289 Eudox!Js Zone (Chronozone), 466, 471, 472 Fuciniceras, 264, 269, 270 Eumorphoceras, 297, 302, 305, 308, 309, 349, 356, cornacaldense, 264,269,270,271 514,515 isseli, 264,269,270,271 bisulcatum, 302 lavinianum, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271 kullmanni, 302 Functional constraint (morphology), 203, 204, 310, richardsoni, 350, 358 311 EuomphalaZone, 112, 117, 118, 119, 122 funiferum, 125, 133 Euprymna scolopes, 174, 184, 185, 186 Fusellar aggregation, 234, 237 Eurues, 508, 509,515 Fusiform, 154, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167,236 Euroceras, 297, 311 Fybrocytes, 174 miseri, 82, 350, 358 European Archipielago, 431, 432 Gaitherites morrowensis, 351, 355, 356, 361 Euryplema californicum, 190, 198 galdrinum, 125, 133 Euthyneura, 198 galdrinu~, 130 . Evenues kummeli, 117 Galtoceras sardoum, 384, 386, 388 Index 539

Gangshanoeeras, 147, 148 Govverianus Zone, 125, 127, 128, 130, 132, 134, Gasconadian, 139 135 Gastrioeeras Gracilis Biozone, 139 araium,82 Graciloceratidae, 152, 154, 156 allenuatum, 82 GrambergiZone, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, jillsi,351 122 Gastriocerataceae, 243, 244, 246, 248, 249 Grammoceratinae, 92 Gastroplinae, 323 Grandis Subzone, 454, 458 Gaudryeeras, 23,5 Granular cell, 177, 182, 183, 184,185,186,216,218 denseplieatum, 234, 236 Graphoceratidae, 411, 412 tenuiliratum, 234 Graysonites, 64, 65, 75 Geisonoeeras, 384, 388 Greenhouse state, 431 kinnekullense, 148 Grimalditeuthis, 8 Geisonoceratidae, 147, 156 Groenlandibelidae, 53, 54, 55 Gemmellarites, 320 Groenlandibelus, 47, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 Generalized Least Square technique (GLS), 269 Grovvth line, 25, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 41, 42, 43, 51, 87, Genotype, 10 162,236,237,256 Germanonautilus kummeli, 329 Gryphaea,126 Gerontic features, 317 Guilherandense horizon (Subzone), 472 Giant, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87 Gyroconic (Tarphycerida), 150 Gigas Zone, 476 Gibberulus Biozone, 139 Habitat, 79, 91, 274, 283, 388, 389, 390, 392, 406, Gill complex, 189, 199,200 474 Girtyoeeras, 302, 512, 515 Haemocyanin, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 199, boreale, 513, 515 200 Girtyoceratid, -ae, 302, 310 synthesis, 189, 190, 199,200 Gland (glandular) cell, 5, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, Haemolymph, 190, 191,192,194,198 180,182,183,184,185,186,211,212,216, haemolymphatic lacunae, 199 218 Haemopoiesis, -etic, 200 Glaphyrites, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 249,251,297, Hammatocerataceae, -ceratidae, 92, 411, 412 302,308,309,515 Hammatoeyclus, 515 eonsuetus, 302 Haploeeras, 471, 474 hyallianus, 249 transatlantieum,474 cf. kelliesingensis, 302 verruciferum, 323 aff. nevadensis, 302 Harpocerataceae, -ceratinae, 92, 263, 264, 267, 270, warei,249 271,468 Glaphyritidae, 309, 310 Harrisoceras vibrayei, 384, 388 Glial cell, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 185, 186 Hastarian, 507, 508 Glochiceras, 468 Hatch (hatching, hatchlings), 5, 13,26, 173,204,205, Glochiceratidae, 468 206,207,216,218 Glycoprotein, 173 Hauterivian, 425, 430 Glyphiolobus, 513, 515 Heart muscle, 190, 198 latilobatus, 516 Hectocotylous, 17 Glyptograptus ex gr. tamariscus, 497 Hedstroemoceras, 152, 154 nikolayevi, 497 haelluddenense,154 Gnathodus texanus Zone, 508 Helicloeyclus involutus, 515 Golgi apparatus (cisternae, sacules), 178, 180, 184 Helix, 190 Goliathiceras, 320 aspersa, 198 Gonatopsis, 8 Hematites, 165 Gondvvana,-an,422,423,424,425,426,428,429, Hematitidae, 165 430, 431, 432, 433 Hemibaetrites, 227, 228 Goniatites (goniatites), 250, 251, 253, 256, 505, 506, primus, 49 507,508,512,513,515,516,517 Hemichoanitic siphuncle, 144 choetawensis, 84, 85 Hemidesmosomes, 176, 185 Goniatitic sutures, 278 Hepatopancreas, 198 Goniatitid, -ae, 230, 289, 310, 517 Herbichi Zone, 321, 322, 323 Goniatitina, 243, 244,245,246,247,248,249,250, Herveyi Zone, 128, 132 251,253 Heterochrony, -nic (offshoots, processes), 7, 60, 61, Gonioteuthis, 425 69,70,114, 540 Index

Heteromorphic, 328 ldoceras, 463,464, 466, 468, 471, 487 Hettangian, 419, 421, 422, 423, 427 ba/derum,471 Hibolites,228 gr. ofba/derus, 468, 471 hastatus, 126 cajense, 468 Hibolithes, 423, 425, 426, 429,430 densicostatum, 467, 468 argentinus, 426 durangense, 467, 468,471 aff.jacu/um,426 gr. durangense, 470 Hildoceratidae, 92, 93 gr. ofdurangense, 471 Hildog/ochiceras,478 cf. hospes, 468 Hippolytense horizon (Subzone), 472 sautieri,468 Hirundo Biozone, 139 zacatecanum, 468 Histochemistry, 174 lkesoceras, 152 Histology, 218 l/yanassa obso/eta, 79 Ho/cobe/us, 423, 428 Imitoceras, 508, 509, 515 Ho/cophylloceras,329 angustilobatum, 508 mediterraneum, 329 obso/etum, 508 Holkerian, 507, 508 Immigrants, 395,407,408,412 Ho/miceras praecurrens, 147, 150 Immunization, 191, 194 Holochoanitic septal neck (siphuncle), 53, 144,227 Immunocytochemistry, -chemical, 189, 190, 193, 194, Homarus americanus, 198 198,199,200 Hombergian, 300 Immunodiffusion, 191, 192, 194, Homeomorphy (homeomorph, -ic), 60, 64, 125, 132, Immunofluorescence, 190, 198 224,231,485,486 Immunoglobulins, 191, 194 Homoiology, 8 Immunohistochemical, 189, 193, 199,200 Homology (-gies, -gous, -gical), 6, 8, 26, 264, 265, 269 Implosion depth, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389 Homoplasy, -ic, 8, 266 lmtocerasllntoceras, 515; 517 Hoplites Borowae, 440 Incirrate, 204 borowae,454 Incubation, 5, 13, 14, 15 Deshayesi, 444 Induan,109 Weissi,439 Infu1a, 144 cf. Weissi, 439 Infundibulum, -Iar, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 2I0, 218 Hoplitoides, 328 Initial chamber, 23, 24,25, 26, 27,28, 29, 30, 31, 32, Hoplocarida, 198 33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,43,243,245, Hoyeri horizon, 132 246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253 Hunderumian, 139, 148, 154 Inostranzewi Zone, 528 Hunnebergian, 139 Insignis Zone, 122 Hybonoticeras,471 Integumental fold, 9 Hybonotum Zone, 466, 471, 472 Intermediate layer, 52, 53 lLithographicum Zone, 476 Internal fertilisation, 5 Hydrobia u/vae, 79 Involutoconch, III Hydrodynamic sorting (hydrodynamic), 296, 310, 362 Iridophores, 173 Hydrostatic pressure (hydrostatic), 274, 296, 310, 378, lrinoceras. 309, 512,515 382,384,385,388,392 arcuatum, 300 Hyma1ayitid, -dae, -nae, 480, 484, 486 lsorthis neocrassa, 496 Hypacanthoplites, 250, 251 Ivorian, 507 Hypergoniatites-Ferganoceras Zone, 296, 299, 300, 301,303,304,305,306,307,309,310,507, Jacobi Zone, 476 508,512, 513 Jaculoides (H.), 425 Hypergoniatites aberratus, 513, 515 Jahnia pelmen, 497 ku/kudukensis, 300 Jaws, 335 serkeshensis, 300 Jeffersonian, 139 vas/us, 300 Junior (B.), 425 Hypermorphosis, -phism, 69, 114, 112 Juraphyllites, 329 Hyponome, 335, 339 Jurassic, 61, 80, 252, 264, 273, 275, 278, 280, 281, Hypselocyclum Zone (Chron, horizon), 466, 471, 472, 283,285,288,290,319,321,329,402,419, 487 420,421,422,423,424,426,427,428,429, 431,432,433,463,464,468,471,472,476, lcriodella dejlecta. 495 480,485,488,521 ldiosepius, 8 Juresanites, 81 Index 541

Karakaschiceras attenuatus Subzone, 528 Largiventer (L), 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, Karakaschiceras, 528 323,326,327,328,329,330 attenuatus, 527, 528 Larval stage, 25, 26 inostranzewi, 528 Lasnamagian, 139, 140, 146, 147, 150 fauna, 521 Lateralis (A.), 425 Karoceratidae, 230 Latitudinal gradients, 411, 412 Kazakhoceras,302,309,512 Latorpian, 137, 139, 140, 154 hawkinsi, 301, 515, 516 Least Square Theta Rho Analysis (LSTRA, LSTRA Kemperi (A.), 425 methods), 266, 268, 269, 270 Kepingomites, 165 Lemencia. 466, 467, 477, 485 Kepplerites (Gowericeras). 126 ciliata, 485 cf. gowerianus, 126 n. sp. A., 474, 477, 488 ex gr. gowerianus, 126 parvicostata, 485 Keyserlingites, 118 patula,485 subrobustus, 117 pergrata, 485 Kiliani Subzone, 437, 450, 451, 457, 458, 459 Lenaense Subzone, Ill, 112, 118, 119, 122 Kimmeridgian, 320, 321, 329, 421, 423,463, 464, Lenobelus,423 466,468,471,472,487 Leonardoceras, 152, 154 Kinderhook, 507 Lepidoteuthis, 8 Kionoceras doricum, 384, 388 Leviventer (1),315,316,317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, Kize1 horizon, 507 326,327,328,329,330 Koeneni Zone, 480 Librovitchites librovitchi, 515 Koenigi Zone (Subzone), 128 Ligamentum branchia1e, 189, 193, 196, 198, 199 Kiilliker's tufts, 5 Limax, 198 Ko1ymensis Subzone, 112, 113, 118, 119, 120 Limbata, 139 Koninckitoides posterius, 117 Limulus, 194 Kopaninoceras, 384 polyphemus, 190, 192, 198 jucundum, 384, 388 Linear evolution, 60 thyrsus, 384, 388, 389 Lingulaticeras,468 Kosmoceras, 126,251 Lirae, -ate, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, jason, 126 35,36,37,40,42,43,147,243,247 Kossmatia, 463,464,467,474,478,480,481,482, Lissonia riveroi Zone, 521, 527 485,486,487,488 Lilsonia. 521, 522, 523,524,526,527,528,529 alamitosensis, 467, 480, 481 riveroi, 524, 527, 528 sp. aff. alamitosensis, 466, 467, 474 Lituites, 138, 147, 150 b£(urcata, 467,480,481, 486, 487 Lituitid, -tidae, -tina, 137, 146, 147, 148, 150, 156 sp. aff. b£(urcata, 466, 467, 474, 486 Livian, 507, 508 exceptionalis, 486, 487 Llandeilo, 139 cf. exceptionalis, 467, 474 Llandovery, 495, 496,497 sp, aff. exceptionalis, 466, 467, 473, 474, 480, 481 Lochkovian, 382 jlexicostata, 486 Locomotion, 310, 311 sp. aff. purisima, 466, 467, 474, 487 Logaritmic spiral model, 21 Kossmatia-Durangites assemblage, 482 Loligo forbesi, 174 -Corongoceras assemblage, 478 opalescens, 174,362 Kossua horizon, 507 pealei, 174 Kozhimites, 509, 510,515,517 vulgaris, 174 planus, 510 Lolliguncula brevis~ 174 K-selection,81 Longaeviceras. 320 K-strategists, 10 I, 396, 411 nikitianum, 131 Kundan, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, nikitini, 131 148,150,152,154 Longiconic nautiloids, 367, 369, 371,376,377,390 spirulids, 53, 54, 55 Ladinian, 167 Xiphoteuthididae, 162 Lamberti Zone (Subzone), 320 Longispinum Subzone, 321 Lamellar body, 185 Lapha,126 Laminae obscurae, 162 Lothari Subzone, 472 Landmark (analysis), 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 275 Ludlow, 381 Langei (8.), 425 Lusitanites, 309, 515 Langevojan, 139, 143 subcircularis, 300 542 Index

Lusuanoceras, 512, 513, 515 Mesosimoceras, 471 granosum, 512, 515 Metabelemnues, 161, 163, 165, 167 orientalis, 300 dagysi,167 polare, 515 philippii, 167 Lussasense horizon, 472 Metadimorphoceras saleswheelense, 349, 356 Lyelliceras, 63, 64, 65, 74 subdivisum, 351 Lymnaea, 190 Metalegoceras, 81 stagnalis, 198 crenatum, 81, 82 Lyrogoniatites, 300, 301, 309 Metarmenoceras, 384 tener, 515 meneghini, 384, 385, 388 Lysosomes, 176, 178, 185,186 Metoicoceras, 64, 75 Lytoceras, 93 geslinianum, 67, 68 Lytoceratid, -ina, 230, 233, 235, 236,237,240,241, praecox, 67 395,397,398,404,405,406,407,411,412 Michelinoceras, 147,384,388,391 currans, 384, 388 Maastrichtian, 54, 55, 426, 430, 432 michelini,384,385,388 Macrescens Subzone, 319 Michelinoceratidae, 146, 147, 156 Macrocephalites pavlowi, 132 Michiganites, 515 Macrochoanitic endoceratids, 142 Micracanthoceras, 480, 484 Macroconch, 63,131,135,315,316,317,319,320, Microcanthum Zone, 466, 476 321,322,323,326,327,328,329,330 Microconch, -iate, 131, 135,315,316,317,319,320, Magnum/Scruposus Zone, 476 321,322,323,326,327,328,329,330,485 Malacostraca, 78, 198 Microtubuli, 178, 182, 185 Malevka horizon, 507 Microvilli, 175, 176, 177, 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, Mammues, 64, 75 208,211 Mantelliceras, 64, 65, 75 Midgut gland, 189, 190, 193, 194, 196, 198, 199, 200 Mantle, 5, 9, 17, 18, 19, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 180, Migration, 109,529 182, 183, 186, 190 route, 409, 412 cavity, 17 Mikhailov horizon, 507 tie-points, 275 Milleri - bidorsatum group, 335 Mass death assemblage, 347, 348 Mimagoniatues, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30 extinction, 362 fecundus, 30 mortality, 77, 87, 345, 346, 358, 361, 362, 363 Minor (B.), 425 Mabix, 5,51,52,87,175,243,244,245,251,253, Miocene, 5, 362 345,346,358,359,361,363 Miodemic organisms, 407, 408 Mazapilites, 467, 471, 472 Mississippian, 82, 83, 84, 299, 300,308,346,347, mexicanus, 467, 471, 474 349,350,352,353,358 Mediterranean Missourian, 53, 83, 243, 244 chronozones, 466 Mitochondria, 176, 177, 178, 184,208,209,214 Province (region), 93, 98,100,396,410,411,472, Mixtus Subzone, 112, 113, 119, 121 476,482 Mojsisovicsteuthis, 162, 165 . Tethys, 429, 471, 472, 474, 480 Moliniacian, 507, 508 Megaphillytes prometeus, 230 Mollusca, 78, 80,194,198 Megaplanktonic (ammonoids), 70 Monograptus, 496 Megapronorites, 300, 301,302,309 Moravisphinctes, 485 sakmarensis, 300, 301 Morphoceras macrescens, 319, 320 Megateuthis, 422, 423, 424, 428, 431 Morphogenesis, -etic, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,275,276,289 Megathura, 192, 194 Morphogroup (morphological group), 297, 299, 311 crenulata, 198 Morphological distance, 266, 268 Megatyloceras, 437, 456 map, 266,269,271 Menuites, 328 patterns, 4, 10 Meramecan, 347, 361, 507 types, 296, 310 Meretrix, 523, 524 Morphometric analysis (descriptor, methods, tech- Merocanites-Ammonellipsites Zone, 505, 507, 508, niques), 17,263,264,276,278 509,510 Morphospace, 274,285,287,288,289,290, 297,298 Merocycloceras declive, 389 Morphospecies, 486 Mesoderm, 173 Morpholype,8,295,297,298,299,301,302,303, Mesohibolites,229,230,425 304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312, Mesopelagic elements (morphological types), 390, 392 316,485 Index 543

Morrowan, 78, 82, 87,346,347,348,351,353,355, mac/earni, 325 356,358,363 muelleri, 325 Moscovian, 513 Neoglyphioceras Zone, 512 Mucous cell, 185 Neoglyphioceras, 512, 515 Mucronata (B.), 425 abramovi, 513, 515 Muensteroceras, 508, 509, 510, 515 Neoglyphioceratidae, 309 complanatum, 508 Neogoniatites, 309, 512, 514, 515 Multiple regression analysis, 285 fortuitus, 300 Multivariate analysis, 263, 275, 284, 285 Neohibolites, 230, 425, 426, 430, 432 Multivesiculary body, 194 Neohoploceras arnoldi, 528 Murchisonae Biochron, 91,100,101,102,395,396, Neophlycticeras,63,64,65,74 397,398,400,402,403,404,405,408,409, Neoteny, 69, 70, 316 411,412 Neotenic forms, 96, 102 Murchisoni Biozone, 139 Neritic environments, 407 Murgella lata, 335 nektobenthic, 70 vertical migrators, 70 Nacreous layer, 47, 49,51,52,53, 55,223,227,229, Neumatoceras, 154 230,233,237,238,240,259,260,382 Neuropil, 214, 218, 220 Naejia,47,51,52, 54,55,230 Neutral buoyancy, 310 kabanovi, 54 Nidamental glands, 5 Najaceras, 144 Nigericeras scotti, 62 Najaceratidae, 142, 144, 154 Nitidus Biozone, 139 Namurian, 295,296,297,299,300, 303,304, 305, Nomismoceras, 309, 512 306,307,309,310,311,312,507,512,516 frechi,515 Nannobelus, 423 vittiger, 300, 512, 513, 515 Nannometoicoceras acceleratum, 67, 68 Non-accretionary mode (of growth), 23, 24, 26, 37, Nautiloid, -ea, 24, 78, 80, 83, 137, 138, 140, 144, 146, 40 150, 152, 154, 184, 190, 256, 348, 354, 356, Nordophiceras, 122 358,359,360,361,365,366,367,369,370, contrarium, 117 371,373,374,375,376,377,378,381,382, kazakovi, I 17 383,385,386,388,389,390,391,392 menense, I 17 Nautilus, 6, 7,13,14,15,37,42,52,79,87,184,189, Norian, 166, 167 190,191,192,193,194,196,199,200,229, Normalograptus aff. normalis, 497 231,238,240,241,255,256,259,260,310, Northwest European Province, 100, 409, 411, 412 316,328,329,362,382,383,388 Nuratoceras, 230 belauensis, 13, 14, 15,37,41,79 burkati,474 oblonga,476 macromphalus. 13,14,15,16 Obsoletus Subzone, 458 pompilius, 190, 192, 193, 196, 198 Occitanipa Zone, 476 Nebrodites, 466, 467, 468, 471 Oceanic anoxic zone, 493, 498, 500 cf. doublieri, 467, 468 basin, 91, 102, 395 Neck region, 174; see also Septal neck, siphuncle environment, 91,100,102,396,397,410,41 I, 412 Necroplanktic drift, 406, 407,411, 412 Octobrachia, -n, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 184 Nektopelagic belemnites, 4 J9 Octopod, -a, -an, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 79, 174, 199, 200, 203, Nektobenthic ammonoids (nautiloids, cephalopods), 204 70,384,390 Octopoteuthis, 8 Nektonic ammonoids (nautiloids, cephalopods, fauna), Octopus. 79, 199,205,208,216,218,316,362 310,384,498,501 dojleini, 79 Neocardioceras, 64, 75 joubini, 2I8 juddi,62 vulgaris, 7,173,174,175,184,185,186,190,199, Neocomites wichmanni Zone, 526, 527, 528 203,204,205,206,207,208,209,211,212, Neocomites. 482 214,216,218,220,316 sp. cf. wichmanni, 526 Ocythoe,5 Neodiplograptus, 497 Oelandian, 137, 139 Neogastroplites, 323 Oelandoceras, 140 americanus, 325 byrumense,140 cornutus, 325 haelluddenense, 140 haasi,325 kristdalaense, 140 Neogastroplites (cont.) Oesophagus, 6, 7 544 Index

Olcostephanus, 523, 526, 527, 528, 529 Pachylyroceras, 512 atherstoni, 528 constrictum, 300 curacoensis, 528 esini,300 (Lemurostephanus), 528 newsomi, 515 nicklesi, 528 Pachyteuthis, 126, 229 stephanophorus, 528 cuneata, 126 0lenekian, 109, 110, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 122 cf. tschernyschevi, 126 Olenekoceras, 122 Pacific margin, 409 miroshnikovi, 122 Ocean, 97, 409 Olenikites spiniplicatus, 117 Packing degree, 403, 406, 409 Olfactory, 173, 174 Paedomorphocline, -phosis, -phie, 7, 96, 100, 102, Oloriziceras, 485 112,114 Ommastrephid, 8 Pakerortian, 139 Oncocerid, -a, -atidae, 137, 150, 152, 154, 156,230, Palaeobelemnopsidae, 165 231,255,259,260,377,378,390,497 Palaeobelemnopsis, 165 Ontikan, 139 Palaeobiogeography, -ical categories, 395, 406, 408, 412 Ontogenic development (ontogenetic), 3, 4, 10,23,49, Palaeobiospecies, 486 53,59,67,69,93, Ill, 114, 115,204,224, Palaeoecology, -ic (ical), 281, 282, 348, 365, 366, 378, 228,251,253,276,316,318,330 391,406,412,471,494 Ontogeny, 51,147,223,224,228,229,230,231,243, Palaeotemperature, 419, 432, 433 247,256,260,319,320,509 Palatinum Subzone, 476 Oonoceras, 384, 388 Paleobathymetry, 381 plebium, 384, 386, 388 Paleoconus, 165 Opa1inum Biochron, 91,100,101,102,395,396,397, Paleocyclendoceras, 142, 143, 144 398,400,402,403,404,408,409,411,412 Paleogeography, -ical distribution (pattern, reconstruc• Open-sea, 498 tion), 137, 366, 420, 493 Opercular function, 7 Paleomorphology, 3, 4, 10 Ophioconic ammonoids, 122,361 Palmatus Zone, 466 Ordovician, 80, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 146, IPuschi Zone, 476 148, 150, 152, 154, 230, 365, 367, 382, 391, Pandemic distribution, 93, 98,100,395,409,410,432 498,500 Paracravenoceras ozarkense, 82, 349, 352, 354, 356 Organogenetic stages, 6, 14, 200 Paracyclendoceras, 142, 144 Orthaspidoceras, 468 trochleare, 143 Orthoceras, 138, 146, 147.255,259 Paracyclostomiceras, 140 nilssoni, 147 pauciturriidum, 140 richteri, 384, 386, 388 Parademic organisms, 407, 408 Orthoceratid, -ae, -tic, -taceae, 146, 147, 156,366, Paradimorphoceras,297,302,308,309,515 497,498 Paradontoceras, 482 Orthoceratites, 138 Parahibolites, 425, 426, 430 Orthocerid, -rida, -rina, 24, 48, 52, 137, 140, 146, [uegensis, 426 147,148,150,152,154,156,255,256,259, Parahoplites, 454 260,496 grossouvrei, 454 Orthochoanitic septal necks, 146 latilobatus, 444 Orthocones, -conic, 48, 54, 142, 146, 224, 256, Weissi,439 259, 354, 375, 381, 383, 384, 385, 389, Parakidograptus acuminatus Biozone, 493, 498 390, 498 acuminatus, 493, 498 Orthocyloceras ?jluminese, 389 Paralarvafe, -ai, 174, 203, 216, 218 Orthosphinctes horizon (Subzone), 472 Parallel evolution, -ism, 59, 60, 64, 67,486 Orthosphinctes sp. gr. colubrinus, 468 Paramegateuthis, 423, 424, 428 Osagean, 346,347, 507 Paranarcestes pictus, 34 Oviduct, 5 Parapallasiceras, 485 Ovovivipary, 5 Parapuzosia seppenradensis, 80 Oxfordian, 320, 421, 423, 428, 429 Pararaphistoma ex gr. qualteriatum, 497 Oxintoceras, 509, 515, 517 Parasibirites, 109,111, 113, 114,115 Oxycone, 281 efimovae, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 121 Oxyteuthis, 425 grambergi, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 121 Oxytoma, 126 kolymensis, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 120 Oyster coquina, 523, 524 mixtus, 113, 116, 117, 121 subpretiosus, 113, 116, 117, 121 Index 545

Parasitism, 80, 362 Phylogeny, -etic (-ally), 23, 24, 25, 64, 67, 79, Paraspiticeras groeberi, 323, 324 109,111,113,114,118,189,190,199, Parietal lining, 144, 146 24~ 244; 251, 271, 278, 297, 310, 320, Parinodum Subzone, 454, 458 321, 485, 507 Parisianasus Zone, 122 Phylotypic stage, 10 Parkinsonia, 93 Physodoceras, 322,468 difalense, -ensis, 93, 98, 101 ahenens~ 322,323,327 Regleyi,94 burkati,474 scissus.94 wolfi, 322, 326 (TmelOceras) scissa, 94 Physodoceratinae, 321 Parsimony analyses, 64 Pictetoceras, 140 Passaloteuthis, 422 oliviae, 140 Passendorferia. 320 Piersaloceras, 152, 154 Passendorferinae, 320 Pilaticus Zone, 118 Patagonibelus, 430 Pinicites jugleri, 34 Pathologic gigantism, 77, 78, 79, 87, 358, 361 Pinna, 126 Pathological development, 99 Piston, 208 patruum, 125 Placenticeras, 339 Pelagic mode oflife (organisms, fauna), 310, 336, Placenticeratidae, 335, 337, 338, 340, 341 381,390,391,494 Plagiostomoceras cuher, 384, 386, 388 Pend1eian, 300, 507, 516 gruenewaldti, 384, 388 Penicillatum Zone, 466, 476 Plankton, -ic, 203, 204, 216, 218, 498, 501 Pennsylvanian, 82,83,85,86,87,259,297,299,309, Planorbis Subzone, 111, 112, 118, 119 346,347,348,350,351,353,355,358 Planula Zone, 322 Peramorphosis, -phic (processes), 69, 115 Planulate, 279, 281, 284 Peratobelus, 425 Plasmalemma, 209, Perayensis horizon, 472 Plasticity (developmental timing), 59 Pericleites, 309 Platyceras ex gr. cornutum, 497 atticus. 302 Platycone, 281, 284 insolitus, 302 Platygoniatites, 297, 302, 309, 513, 515 uralicus, 302 nudus, 301 Pericyclus - Muensteroceras Biozone, 508 omniliratus, 300 Pericyclus, 508, 509, 515 Platynota Zone (Chron), 466, 472, 487 princeps, 508 Plectambonitidae, 497 Perikaryon, 220 Plenus (A.j, 425 Periostracal shell, 14 Plesiacanthoceras, 64, 67, 75 Perispatium/a, 144 muldoonense, 62 Perisphinctid, -ae, -nae, 320,471,474,485 wyomingense, 62, 67, 68 Perivitelline, 199,200 Plesiacanthoceratoides, 64, 67, 68, 75 Permian, 81, 224, 228, 362 alzadense, 68 Peytonoceras, 308 jisherense, 68 Phacops khatangensis, 497 hosei hosei, 68 Phaneroceras compressum, 83 hoseisheridenense.68 kesslerense, 83 vetula,68 Phenetic trees, 266, 270, 271 Plesiomorphic characters (features), 9, 199, 200, Phenotypes, -ic, -ical, 3, 10, 113, 114, 115,317, 266 317 reproductive organs, 6 Photic zone, 139 Pleuromya, 126,524 Photosynthesis, 189 Pliensbachian, 319, 422, 423, 427, 431 Phragmoceras, 392 Polaricyclus, 508, 509 Phthanoncoceras. 152 raricostatus, 509, 515 Phthanoncoceratidae, 152, 154, 156 Polyclona1 antisera, 190 Phylip software, 266 Polycrystalline aggregate, 233 Phylloceratid, -ae, -ina, 230, 233, 236, 240,241,316, Polygonal cell, 189, 194, 199 329,330,395,397,398,404,405,406,407, Polymorphidae,93 411,412,474 Po1ytomies, 59, 60, 67 Phyllopachyceras, 237, 241 Post-displacement, 69 ezoense,234,236,237 mortem transport (drift), 354,498 phylo-embriogenesis, 114 sorting, 78, 87, 345, 346 546 Index

Praesibirlies, 109, III, 113, 114, 122 Protoconch, 24,49, 51, 152,223,224,225,226,227, egorovi, III, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 120 228,229,230,245,259,260,267,329,345, tuberculatus, III, 112,113, 114,116, 117, 120 346,354,356,358,359,360,361,363 Pragian, 367 Protocyclendoceras, 142, 143, 144 Pre-displacement, 69 Protocycloceras,140 Preberriaselles, 485 Protocycloceratidae, 140, 154 Precambrian, 190 Protodecapus, 8 Predators, 405 grade, 8 Presepta1, 142 Protodibranchus, -id, 8, 9, 10 Pressulum Zone, 321, 322 grade, 8 Primary constriction, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, Protophragmoceras minus, 384, 386, 388 43,229,245,247 Protogrammoceras, 264, 269 1id,9 celebratum, 264, 269, 270, 271 varix, 24, 25, 32,43,49,228,229,245,246 curionii, 264, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271 Primordial dome, 227, 228, 229, 2.59 dilectum, 264, 269, 270, 271 rostrum, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230 marianii, 264, 269, 270, 271 shell, 256, 257, 259 volubile, 264, 269, 270, 271 Primordium, 256, 259 Protva horizon, 507 Primus (A.), 425 Provincialism, 412 Principal component analysis (peA), 296, 297, 298 Pseudoargentiniceras, 482 Prionoceratidae, 310 Pseudocadoceras, 126, 131, 135 Prismatic layer (wall), 41, 42, 47, 51, 52, 223, 225, sp. ex gr. boreale, 131 227,228,229,230,233,234,235,236,237, Pseudocycloceras transiens, 388 238,239,240 Pseudohexagonal aggregation, 234, 235, 240, 241 Prochoanitic septal necks, 223, 224, 226, 227, 228, trilling, 233, 235, 238, 239, 240 230,231 Pseudolissoceras zitteli, 474 Procrustes adjustment (methods, software), 265, 266, Pseudoproetus bellus, 497 271 Pseudopronorites quinni, 350, 351, 359 Prodeshayesites cf. germanicus, 454 Pseudorthocerataceae. 147. 156 laeviusculus, 441 Pseudosubplanites, 482 Progenesis, 69, 316 Pseudowaagenia, 321 Progenic dwarf, 59,67,68 acanthomphala, 321, 322, 326 Prographularia, 165 diet/i,321 Prohungarites beds, 122 haynaldj, 321 Prolecanites,297,300,309,512,515 micropla,321 Prolecanitid, -ae, 230, 289, 300, 308, 309, 310, stevensi. 321, 322, 326 517 Pugio (P.), 425 Proniceras, 480 Pulmonata, 198 Proplanulites, 126 Pumping-Refilling Model, 289 Proprioceptive, 174 Punctuated equilibra, 115 ProseptunVa,243,245,246,247,248,249,250,251, Pyriform, 163, 164, 166; see also Telum 252,253 Proshumardites, 297, 302, 308, 309, 311 Qiannanites, 508, 509, 515, 517 delepinei, 302, 305 Quasicravenoceras coastatum, 515 fraudulentus. 302 Quasintoceras, 515 morrowanus, 351 Quaternary, 127 Prosiphon,24,25,26,32,33,34,35,37,38,39,243, Quenstedtoceras, 234, 235, 238, 251, 252, 320 245,247,248,249,250,251,252,253 Prososphinctes, 320 Radaevka horizon, 507 czekanowskii. 117 Radial evolution, 60 Protein, 189, 191, 193, 194 Radula, -ar sac, 6, 7 Proteoceratidae, 147, 152, 156 Raimondiceras, 528, 529 Proterocameroceratidae, 144 Ramosiles, 297, 309, 311 Proterogenetic process, 96, 100, 102 uyaensis, 302 Proterovaginoceras, 142 Ramositidae, 309, 310 Protoatlantic margin, 397 Rate ofevolution, 109 Protoaulacoceras, 165 Rayonnoceras, 255, 256,259 Protocanites-Gattendorfia Zone, 507, 508, 509 solidiforme, 82,83, 84,354 -Pericyclus Zone, 505, 507, 508, 509 Receptor cell, 203, 204,210,214,216 Index 547

Reelaborate elements, 94, 95, 398,406, 409 Sepia. 4, 51, 55,79,184,189,190,191,192,193,194, Regression, 62, 70, 71, 110, 347 199,200,230 Remaniella, 464, 467, 482 afjinis,218 Reproductive organs, 4, 6 apama,79 Resedimented elements, 398 latimanus, 79 Reticuloceras tiro, 350, 359 ofjicinalis, 190, 192, 193, 194, 196, 199,200,316 wainwrighti, 350, 359 Sepietta, 17, 18 Reticyc/oceras croneisi, 349, 352, 354 neglecta, 17, 18,21 Retites semiretia, 350, 353, 356, 359 oweniana, 17, 18,21 Retrochoanitic septal necks, 224, 226, 227, 230, 231, Sepiid, -a, 48, 51, 54, 55 243,247,250 Sepioida, 199 Rhiphaeocyc/us, 515 Sepiola,17 Rhuddanian, 493,495, 496,497, 498, 500 Septal necks, 39, 53, 54, 138, 142, 144, 146, 162, 168, Rhymmoceras, 297, 301, 309 223,224,225,226,227,228,230,231,243, tubabergense,301 247,251,256,259 Rhymmoceratidae, 310 complexity, 290 Rhynchorthoceras, 147 pattern, 274, 289 Ribosomes, 176, 184 strength index, 382, 390 Richardson step-line method, 276 Septaliphoria potosina, 472, 474 Richardsonites, 297, 302, 515 Sequeirosia, 320 mapesi, 350, 358 Serial homology, 265 richardsonianus, 302 Serpenticones, 320 Richardsonoceras, 154 Serpukhovian, 299, 300, 505, 507, 517 Richteri Zone (Subzone), 464, 474, 476, 477 Serpula, 126 rogoznicense (Aspidoceras), 477 Serum, 191, 194 Rollmark, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341 Setae, 5 Rondiceras ex gr. milaschevici (milaschewici), 125, Setatum Subzone, 472 133 Sexual dimorph/dimorphism, 93, 110, 111, 316, 328, 329 Rostrum, -tra, 48, 53, 54, 55, 223, 225, 228, 229, 231, maturity, 78, 87, 362 316,319,330 polymorphism, 110 Rothpletzi Zone, 466, 476 segregation, 348 Shallow environments, 13, 38 J, 391, 395 Salivary glands, 6 Sharpeiceras, 64, 65, 75 duct, 6, 7, 9 Shelfenvironment, 79 SantonIan, 54,234,236,237,425,426,433 Shelfa1 basin, 91,100,395,397,407,409,412 Saynoceras verrucosum, 528 Shelfa1 environment, 91, 102, 396, 410, 411 Scaliognathus anchoralis Zone, 508 Shell primordium, 255 Scaphitaceae, 25 Shimanskya, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55 Scaphites, 251, 328, 329 postremus,48,49,50, 52, 53, 54 (S) arcadiensis, 329 Shimanskyidae, 47, 48,52,53,54,55 carli/ensis, 42 Shoshonean Province, 410 whitfieldi, 25, 250 Sibirinka amora, 497 Scavengers, 405 Sibirites, 111, 113, 114, 115 Schaireria neoburgensis, 466, 467, 474, 478 aff. pretiosus, 113 neumayri,321 eichwaldi, 112, 113, 116, 117, 121 Schmidtoceras, 142 elegans, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 121 Schwegleria, 423 pretiosus, 113, 116, J17,-121 Sciponoceras gracile, 62 Sibiritid,-ae, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118 Scruposus Zone, 466 Silenum Zone, 322, 323, 327 Scyphocrinites, 377 Silurian, 138,230,365,366,378,381,382,383,384, Sea level, 71, 110, 396, 408, 412 386,388,389,390,391,392,493,494,495, Sedimentary condensation, 403, 474, 476, 487 496,497,498,500,501 Sellanarcestes cognatus, 34 Simmonoceras, 509, 515, 517 Semelparity, 77, 78, 87, 345, 362, 363 Simoceras, 93,94,323,324,328,330,474,477,478 SemifonnelVerruciferum Zone, 466, 474, 476, 478 admirandum, 323, 324, 328, 330 Semionotus, 60 aesinense, 474, 478 Semi-prismatic layer, 51 biruncinatum, 323, 324, 328, 330 Semistriatum horizon, 472 scissum,94 Sensory cell/organs, 173, 184, 185 volanense (ofthe volanense group), 477, 478 548 Index

Simoceras (cont.) Stylommatophora, 198 cf. volanense, 474 Suarites bituberculatum, 484 Simoceratinae, 323 Sub-orthochoanitic septal necks, 53 Simocosmoceras, 478 Sub-Boreal Province, 409 Simplex, 476 Sub-Mediterranean Province, 98,100,410,411,412, Simplisphinctes Zone (Subzone), 466, 476 472,476,480 Sinemurian, 421, 422, 423, 427 Subacetabular ganglion (subacetabular), 203, 208, Sinoceratid, -ae, 147, 148,150,156 214,218,220 Sinuosity index, 278 Subcolumbites beds, 122 Sinus cephalicus, 190 Subdichotomoceras, 474 Sinzovia, 235 Subeumela Subzone, 472 trautscholdi, 234, 235, 239 Submediterranean chronostratigraphy (chronozones), Siphonal annuli, 146, 147, 148 466,471 diaphragm, 152 Subolenekites pilaticus, 117, 118 Siphuncle,24,25,32,34,35,38,39,40,43,47,48,53, altus, 117 54,138,140,144,146,150,152,154,184,224, Suborthochoanitic septal necks (siphuncle), 53, 54, 231,243,245,246,247,251,253,255,259, 146,147 274,370,371,373,375,377,383,384,390 Subpatruus Subzone, 125, 128, 130, 132, 135 Sowerbyceras, 329 Subplanitoides, 467, 471 Spadix, 316 Subrobustus Zone, 118, 122 Spathites, 64, 75 Substeueroceras Koeneni Zone, 478 Speciation rates, 59, 60, 61, 69 Substeueroceras, 464, 466, 467, 480, 481, 482, 487, Species flock, 59, 60, 61,67,71 488 Specious groups, 61 catorcense, 467,480, 484 Sperm pouch, 5 Subtricissus (A.j, 423 Spermatophores, 5 Sucker, 5, 8, 9, 17,203,204,205,206,207,208,209, Sphaerorlhoceras,384,388 210,211,212,214,216,218,220 Sphooceras truncatum, 384, 388 rings, 8 Spiniplicatus Zone, 113, 1l7, 118, 119, 121 Sudeticeras, 515 Spirula, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 79, 228, 229, 255, Suecoceras, 142 259,382 Sutneria, 471 Spirulid, -a, 47, 48, 49, 52, 54, 55, 230, 231 Suture, -al pattern (complexity, length, line, sinuosity), Spirulirostra, 51 54, 167,244,273,274,275,276,277,278, Spiticeras, 526 279,280,281,282,283,284,285,287,288, Spitzbergense Subzone, 119 289,290,296,316 Squid,6,8, 78, 79,345,362,363 Svalbardiceras, 118 Squilla mantis, 198 spitzbergense, 117 Stasis, 115 Swimming, 310, 311, 316 Stenoconites, 165 Sygambrites, 512 Stenoglaphyrites, 302, 308, 309 tardus, 513, 515 aff. hesperius, 302 Symplesiomorphy, 162 cf. merriani, 302 Synapomorphy, 24, 59,60,64, 65,67,162 Stenoglaphyritid, -ae, 309, 310 Syngastrioceras, 308, 349, 356 Stenonis horizon (Subzone), 322, 472 asiaticum, 302 Stenopronorites, 302, 309, 515 globosum, 350, 351, 359 arkansiensis, 82, 351 oblatum, 82, 351 kazakhstanicus, 302 Systematic morphology, 10 uralensis, 302 Step-line method (procedure), 273, 277, 278,279 Taphonic populations, 398, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, Stephanian, 53, 243, 244 407,408,409,412 Stephanitidae, 114 Taphonomy, -ic, 80, 87, 110,348,365,367,392,395, Stephanocerataceae, 252 403,406,407,408,409,412,476,487 Steshevo horizon, 507 Taphonomic analysis, 110 Stoliczkaia, 63, 64, 65, 74 Taphonomic condensation, 476, 487 Stomodaeal invagination, 6 Taphonomic dispersal, 406, 407, 408 Stomodaeum, 6, 7 Taphonomic heritage, 403, 409, 412 Stratigraphic/al condensation, 403, 476, 482, 487 Taphonomic packing, 407, 412 Streptoneura, 198 Tardus Zone, 114 StrombeckiZone, 321,322,323,326,327,466,472 Tarphyceratid, -a, -ae, 137, 147, 148, 150, 152, 156 Student's t-test, 18 Tarrantoceras, 64, 75 Index 549

Tarussa horizon, 507 Tmetoites, 93 Tauriconites, 230 Toarcian, 93, 98,100,165,167,419,422,423,427, Tela/urn, 162, 163,164,165,166,167,168 428, 431,433 cavum, 164 Tonofibrils, 176, 184 solidum, 164 Torquatisphinctes, 467, 471 solidum/telum cavum ratio, 162, 164, 168 Torulites, 515 Temperoceras, 384 Toumaisian, 505, 507, 508, 509, 517 temperans, 384, 388 Tragoceras, 150 Tentacle-width, 18, 19,20 Tragophylloceras, 329 Tentacular club, 17, 18, 19,21 numismale, 329 Tenuicostatum Subzone, 472 Transgression, 62, 70, 71, 347, 359, 463, 478, 488, Teretiusculus Biozone, 139 498,500,501 Tethys, -an, 62, 93, 109,397,410,411,419,422,423, Transient forms, 95, 97 424,425,428,429,430,431,432,433,459, Transitorius Zone (Subzone), 466, 476 460,472,476,478,484 Tremadoc, 139, 150, 154 Tethyan faunas, 62 Tremoctopus, 5 Tethyan margin, 397 Triangular replacement cell, 189, 196, 199 Tethyan Ocean, 432 Triassic, 109, 110, 118,166,167,230,317,318,329, Tethyan Realm, 93, 428, 429, 430, 432, 433, 472, 362,420,422 476 Trichonodella papilio, 495 Tethyan region, 109 Trilacinoceras, 148 Tetrabelus. 425,430 Trinchesia granosa, 184 Tetrabranchiata, -te, 189, 190, 198, 199,200 Triplicatus Zone, 466, 472 Tetragonites, 235 fMucronatum Zone, 476 glabrus, 234, 238 Tripteroceratidae, 147, 156 Teuthoida, 199 Trisulculosus (A.), 423 Thanatocoenosis, 339 Tr~onoceras,309,356,512,514, 515 Thieuloyi horizon, 472 berkhense, 513 Thurmanniceras, 523, 524, 526, 527 lepidum, 302 duraznensis var. lateumbilicatus, 526 peregrinsum, 349 aff. keideli, 526 typicale, 302 neogaeus, 526 Trocholitidae, 150, 156 pertransiens, 526, 528 Troedssonella, 146 Thurmanniceras pertransiens Zone, 529 Troedssonellaceae, -Ilidae, 144, 146, 147, 154 Tintinnopsella, 466 Tropites, 318 carpathica, 464, 467, 482 fusobullatus, 3I8 longa, 464,467,482 johnsoni, 318 Tirolites beds, 118, 122 keili,318 Titanites, 80 morani,319 Tithonian, 323, 330, 421,426, 463, 464, 468, 471, reticulatus, 3I8 472,474,476,478,480,481,482,484,485, reticulatus-johsoni, 318, 319 486,487,521 subcuadratus, 319 Tmetoceras. 91, 395, 404, 410 welleri, 318 circulare. 93, 95, 96 Tuarkiricus Zone, 437, 440, 441,449,454, dhanarajatai. 93, 97 458,459 difalense. 98, 396 Tuberculatus Subzone, 111, 112, 119, 120 jlexicostatum. 94, 395, 411 Tuft cell, 173, 176, 178, 180 Gemmellaroi. 94 Tula horizon, 507 Hollandaelhollandae. 98, 396 Tumulites, 297, 302, 308, 311 kirki. 93, 97,101,411 varians, 349, 352, 354 kirkijlexicostatum.97 Turonian, 64, 324, 328, 425 kirki kirki. 97 Turrilitaceae, 250 recticostatum. 93, 94, 96, 101 Tympanocera, 309 regleyi. 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 395, 396, 398, getinoi, 514, 515 403,408,409,410,411,412 guttula, 30 I scissum. 91, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 395, 396, porrectum, 301 398,403,408,409,410,411,412 tenue.93 Tmetoceratidae, -nae, 92, 396, 398, 404, 405, 406, Uhakuan, 139, 148, 150 407,411,412 Uhlandi Subzone, 472 550 Index

Ultrastructure, -ral, 5, 25, 47, 48, 49, 52, 173, 174, Volkhonian, 137, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 185,186,190,199,203,214,223,224,227, 148,154 228,229,230,234,240,241,247 Vulgaris (A.), 423 Upa horizon,.507 Uralopronorites, 309 Warnantian, 507, 511 mirus, 301 Weissi Zone, 437, 444, 445, 447, 449, 454, 458, Uralopronorites-Cravenoceras Zone, 296, 299, 300, 459 301,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310, Wenlock, 381, 382 311,507,508,512,514,517 West Pacific Province, 410 Tethyan affinity, 474, 488 Vacuole, 194,212,218 Tethyan Subrealm, 93, 97, 396, 409, 410, 411 Valanginian, 223, 224, 419, 425, 430, 521, 522, 526, (western) Tethys, 100,396,411,471,478 527,528,529 Westenoceras, 230 Valanginiles, 521, 522, 523, 524, 526, 527, 528, 529 Whiteavesites, 152 argentinicus, 521, 523,526,529 Whitefieldoceras, 152 Valastean, 139, 143, 148, 150, 154 Whiterockian, 139 Valhallan, 139 Williamsoceras, 144 Valhallites ornalUS, 349,354 Wincheloceras, 515 Vallites, 251 Wutinoceratidae, 154 Vampyromorpha, 5, 8 Vampyropoda, -an, 5, 9 Xenoceltites, 114 Vampyroteuthis, 5,9 matheri, 114 infernalis, 8 Xenodiscidae, 114 Vasiform, 140 Xinjiangoconus, 165 Vasseuria, 51,55 Xiphoteuthid, -ae, 161, 164, 422, 427 Vener horizon, 507 Xiphoteuthidid, -ae, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 168,422, Ventral lobe, 24, 53 427 Ventrolobendoceras, 142, 143 Xiphoteuthidoidea, 164, 165 Ventromyarian muscle, 154 Xiphoteuthis,161 Verneuilites pygmaeus, 351, 355, 360 Verruciferum (Haploceras), 323 Zapal-Tyube horizon, 507 Verrucosum Zone, 528 Zebrina,79 Vesicles, 176,177,178,180,184,185,186,194,211, Zephyroceras, 297,309 212,218 bransoni, 350, 358 Vimineus Zone (Subzone), 466, 476, 486 donabile, 302 Virgatosphinctes, 466, 474 frilcoense, 82,350, 353,358,359 denseplicatus, 478 trunkum, 302 Virgatosphictinae, 465, 466, 467, 468, 472, 474, 476, zeuschneri (Aspidoceras), 477 477,478,480,481,482,486,487,488 Zhifangoceras, 508, 517 Virgilian, 53 angustilobatum, 508, 509, 515, 517 Viruan, 13 7, 139 Zidadarites leveni, 302 Viscous fingering (model), 275, 289 Zigzag zone, 319 Visean, 295, 296, 299, 300, 305, 306, 310, 311,312, Zootype, 10 505,507,508,510,512,517 Zugmontites, 162, 165