Of Self-Determination
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The Pre-History of Self-Determination: Union and Disunion of States in Early Modern International Law
THE PRE-HISTORY OF SELF-DETERMINATION: UNION AND DISUNION OF STATES IN EARLY MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW Han Liu* TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ 2 I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2 II. THE STATE AND THE NATION STATE ................................................................... 7 III. TERRITORIAL ACCESSION IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE ...................................... 9 A. The King and the Sovereign .......................................................................... 9 B. Land and Territory ....................................................................................... 15 1. Division of Realms ................................................................................... 17 2. Land and Sovereignty............................................................................... 18 3. Dynastic-Patrimonial Territoriality .......................................................... 20 4. Shape of Early Modern Territory ............................................................. 22 C. Aggregating Land: Conquest and Inheritance.............................................. 24 IV. OUTSIDE EUROPE: LAND APPROPRIATION AND COLONIAL EXPANSION........... 27 A. Just War as Civilizing Process: Vitoria’s Catholic Argument ..................... 29 B. Conquest or Settlement: Locke, Vattel, and the Protestant Argument ........ 31 V. THE JURIDICIAL -
Jantzen on Wempe. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations
H-German Jantzen on Wempe. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations. Discussion published by Jennifer Wunn on Wednesday, May 26, 2021 Review published on Friday, May 21, 2021 Author: Sean Andrew Wempe Reviewer: Mark Jantzen Jantzen on Wempe, 'Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations' Sean Andrew Wempe. Revenants of the German Empire: Colonial Germans, Imperialism, and the League of Nations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. 304 pp. $78.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-19-090721-1. Reviewed by Mark Jantzen (Bethel College)Published on H-Nationalism (May, 2021) Commissioned by Evan C. Rothera (University of Arkansas - Fort Smith) Printable Version: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=56206 Demise or Transmutation for a Unique National Identity? Sean Andrew Wempe’s investigation of the afterlife in the 1920s of the Germans who lived in Germany’s colonies challenges a narrative that sees them primarily as forerunners to Nazi brutality and imperial ambitions. Instead, he follows them down divergent paths that run the gamut from rejecting German citizenship en masse in favor of South African papers in the former German Southwest Africa to embracing the new postwar era’s ostensibly more liberal and humane version of imperialism supervised by the League of Nations to, of course, trying to make their way in or even support Nazi Germany. The resulting well-written, nuanced examination of a unique German national identity, that of colonial Germans, integrates the German colonial experience into Weimar and Nazi history in new and substantive ways. -
9 Abu Naddara: the Forerunner of Egyptian Satirical Press Doaa Adel Mahmoud Kandil Associate Professor Faculty of Tourism &
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality VOL 13 - NO.1-JUNE 2016 (part1) 9-40 Abu Naddara: The Forerunner of Egyptian Satirical Press Doaa Adel Mahmoud Kandil Associate Professor Faculty of Tourism & Hotels- Helwan University Abstract "Abu Naddara" was an early satirical journal that was first published in Cairo in 1878 by Yaqub Sannu. After Sannu's collision with Khedive Ismail and eventual departure to Paris, he continued to publish it there for almost three successive decades uninterruptedly, however under various changeable names. This journal was by all means the forerunner of satirical opposition press in modern Egypt. In a relatively very short time, "Abu Naddara" gained tremendous success through its humorous but rather bold and scathing criticism of Khedive Ismail's and later Khedive Tewfik's regime that helped turn public opinion against them. No wonder, it soon won popularity because it gave a voice to the downtrodden masses who found in it an outlet for their long-bottled anger. In other words, it turned to be their Vox populi that addressed their pressing problems and expressed their pains. Accordingly, it emerged as a political platform that stood in the face of corruption and social injustice, called for an all-encompassing reform, and most of all raised country-wide national awareness in the hope to develop grass-root activism. This paper investigates the role played by the journal of "Abu Naddara" in spearheading the national opposition against Khedival excesses together with the growing foreign intervention within the closing years of Ismail's reign and the opening years of Tewfik's one that ended up with the British occupation of Egypt. -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: AJCJS, Vol.4, No.1
Criminal Justice in Contemporary Settler Colonialism: Tauri Criminal Justice as a Colonial Project in Contemporary Settler Colonialism Juan Marcellus Tauri Ngati Porou University of Wollongong Abstract This paper offers an Indigenous-centred, critical perspective on the Colonial Projects (Thomas, 1994) employed in settler-colonial contexts to negate, or at the very least nullify, the negative impact of two inter-related ‘wicked problems’ that are deemed peculiar to these jurisdictions: the high levels of Indigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system, and the impact of Indigenous resistance to the hegemony of the imposed, criminal justice systems deployed by settler-colonial states. The paper is comprised of three inter-related parts; the first two outline the construction and deployment of Colonial Projects in the colonial and neo-colonial contexts, wherein it is argued that the matrix of criminal justice was foundational to the state’s attempted eradication of, and eventual socio-economic marginalisation of Indigenous peoples. The final part offers an argument that the continued success of criminal justice as a (neo)colonial project, stems from its parasitic relationship with the discipline of criminology. Together, these supportive colonial projects deployment against Indigenous peoples demonstrates that structural violence continues to be a significant component of social control in the neo-liberal, neo-colonial context. Key Words Colonization, colonial project, authoritarian criminology, Maori. Introduction The challenge of ‘being Indigenous’, in a psychic and cultural sense, forms the crucial question facing Indigenous peoples today in the era of contemporary colonialism – a form of post-modern imperialism in which domination is still the Settler imperative but where colonizers have designed and practiced more subtle means (in contrast to the earlier forms of missionary and militaristic colonial enterprises) of accomplishing their objectives (Alfred & Corntassel, 2005: 297-289). -
Engagement: Coptic Christian Revival and the Performative Politics of Song
THE POLITICS OF (DIS)ENGAGEMENT: COPTIC CHRISTIAN REVIVAL AND THE PERFORMATIVE POLITICS OF SONG by CAROLYN M. RAMZY A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Music University of Toronto © Copyright by Carolyn Ramzy (2014) Abstract The Performative Politics of (Dis)Engagment: Coptic Christian Revival and the Performative Politics of Song Carolyn M. Ramzy A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Music, University of Toronto 2014 This dissertation explores Coptic Orthodox political (dis)engagement through song, particularly as it is expressed through the colloquial Arabic genre of taratil. Through ethnographic and archival research, I assess the genre's recurring tropes of martyrdom, sacrifice, willful withdrawal, and death as emerging markers of community legitimacy and agency in Egypt's political landscape before and following the January 25th uprising in 2011. Specifically, I explore how Copts actively perform as well as sing a pious and modern citizenry through negations of death and a heavenly afterlife. How do they navigate the convergences and contradictions of belonging to a nation as minority Christian citizens among a Muslim majority while feeling that they have little real civic agency? Through a number of case studies, I trace the discursive logics of “modernizing” religion into easily tangible practices of belonging to possess a heavenly as well as an earthly nation. I begin with Sunday Schools in the predominately Christian and middle-class neighborhood of Shubra where educators made the poetry of the late Coptic Patriarch, Pope Shenouda III, into taratil and drew on their potentials of death and withdrawal to reform a Christian moral interiority and to teach a modern and pious Coptic citizenry. -
Civilizing Mission”: France and the Colonial Enterprise Patrick Petitjean
Science and the “Civilizing Mission”: France and the Colonial Enterprise Patrick Petitjean To cite this version: Patrick Petitjean. Science and the “Civilizing Mission”: France and the Colonial Enterprise. Benediky Stutchey (ed). Science Across the European Empires - 1800-1950, Oxford University Press, pp.107-128, 2005. halshs-00113315 HAL Id: halshs-00113315 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00113315 Submitted on 12 Nov 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Science and the “Civilizing Mission”: France and the Colonial Enterprise Patrick Petitjean REHSEIS (CNRS & Université Paris 7) Introduction September 1994: ORSTOM celebrated its fiftieth birthday with a conference "20th Century Sciences: Beyond the Metropolis". 1 ORSTOM (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer) is the name given in 1953 to the former "Office de la Recherche Scientifique Coloniale," founded in 1943.2 This conference showed an evident acceptance of the colonial heritage in science and technology. Such continuities raise questions about the part played by science in the so-called second wave of European expansion of the late nineteenth century, which led to the partitioning of the world by European powers.3 The aim of this essay is to outline the part played by science in the French mission of civilisation, this “civilizing mission” and to describe how it occupied such a central part 1 The proceedings have been published. -
Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Yıl: 4/ Cilt: 4 /Sayı:8/ Güz 2014
Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Yıl: 4/ Cilt: 4 /Sayı:8/ Güz 2014 HISTORICAL ALLEGORIES IN NAGUIB MAHFOUZ’S CAIRO TRILOGY Naguib M ahfouz’un Kahire Üçlemesi Adli Eserindeki Tarihsel Alegoriler Özlem AYDIN* Abstract The purpose o f this work is to analyze the “Cairo Trilogy” o f a Nobel Prize winner for literature, the Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz with the method o f new historicism. In “Cairo Trilogy”, Mahfouz presents the striking events oflate history of Egypt by weaving them with fıction. As history is one o f the most useful sources of literature the dense relationship between history and literature is beyond argument. When viewed from this aspect, a new historicist approach to literature will provide a widened perspective to both literature and history by enabling different possibilities for crucial reading. It is expected that the new historicist analysis o f “Cairo Trilogy” will enable a better insight into the literature and historical background o f Egypt. Key Words: Naguib Mahfouz, Cairo Trilogy, History, Egypt, New Historicism Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı Mısır ’lı Nobel ödüllü yazar Naguib Mahfouz ’un “Kahire Üçlemesi”adlı eserini yeni tarihselcilik metodunu kullanarak analiz etmektir. “Kahire Üçlemesi”nde Mahfouz, Mısır’ın yakın tarihindeki çarpıcı olayları kurgu ile harmanlayarak sunmuştur. Tarih, edebiyatın en faydalı kaynaklarından biri olduğundan, tarih ve edebiyat arasındaki sıkı ilişki tartışılmazdır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, edebiyata yeni tarihselci bir yaklaşım çapraz okuma konusunda farklı imkanlar sunarak hem edebiyata hem tarihe daha geniş bir bakış açısı sağlayacaktır. “Kahire Üçlemesi”nin yeni tarihselci analizinin Mısır’ın edebiyatının ve tarihsel arkaplanının daha iyi kavranmasını sağlaması beklenmektedir. -
Introduction: Christian “Civilizing Missions” of the Past and Present 1
NOTES Introduction: Christian “Civilizing Missions” of the Past and Present 1. Such studies are critical of the commonly held assumption that a high degree of “participation” by local people inevitably leads to their “empowerment” (Chambers 1983, 1994; Arnstein 1969; Pretty 1995; Cornwall 1996). 2. One of the reasons for the lack of historical comparison is the appar- ently significant changes in the way the Chinese government has dealt with Christianity over time. In particular, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) expelled Christian missionaries from the country in 1953. Since this time, foreign religious activity has been strictly con- trolled. However, despite these controls, since the late 1980s, interna- tional aid and development NGOs have been working in China, and many of them are either explicitly Christian in their orientation or affiliated with Christianity in some way. 3. In this regard, Rosemary Foot (2000) and Ann Kent (1999) provide representative studies from an international relations perspective. Foot (2000) explores the process of the diffusion of the interna- tional human rights norm in China and the importance of the notion of “global community” to China. Kent (1999) investigates China’s gradual socialization into the international human rights regime. 4. Also see Oakes’ (1995) discussion of “internal colonialism” and Schein’s (1997) discussion of “internal orientalism” in a Chinese context. 5. The main focus is on the interaction between international Christian agencies and ethnic communities in China, although the study also takes into account the importance of the Chinese central and local governments when and where appropriate. During the Maoist era, the Chinese central and local governments were deeply enmeshed in ethnic communities, a fact that has left an indelible mark on the col- lective consciousness within the communities. -
Trauma, Child Development, Healing and Resilience a Review of Literature with Focus on Indigenous Peoples and Communities
Trauma, Child Development, Healing and Resilience A Review of Literature with Focus on Indigenous Peoples and Communities Prepared by: Dr. Patti LaBoucane-Benson Dr. Nicole Sherren Dr. Deanna Yerichuk Trauma, Child Development, Healing and Resilience A Review of Literature with Focus on Aboriginal Peoples and Communities Primary Contributors Dr. Patti LaBoucane-Benson, Dr. Nicole Sherren, Dr. Deanna Yerichuk Project Sponsors Alberta Children Services, Cultural Knowledge and Innovation Branch Suggested Citation LaBoucane-Benson, P., Sherren, N., Yerichuk, D. (2017). Trauma, Child Development, Healing and Resilience: A review of literature with focus on Indigenous peoples and communities. PolicyWise for Children & Families. Edmonton, Alberta. PolicyWise for Children & Families | 1 Trauma, Child Development, Healing and Resilience A Review of Literature with Focus on Aboriginal Peoples and Communities Table of Contents Key Messages ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 21 Research Design and Method ..................................................................................................................... 23 Annotated -
Reconstructing the Self and the American: Civil War Veterans in Khedival Egypt
TARIK TANSU YİĞİT RECONSTRUCTING THE SELF AND THE AMERICAN: CIVIL WAR VETERANS IN KHEDIVAL EGYPT RECONSTRUCTING THE SELF AND THE CIVIL WAR VETERANS IN KHEDIVAL EGYPT A Ph.D. Dissertation by TARIK TANSU YİĞİT AMERICAN : Bilkent University Bilkent Department of History İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara August 2020 20 20 To my grandmother/babaanneme. RECONSTRUCTING THE SELF AND THE AMERICAN: CIVIL WAR VETERANS IN KHEDIVAL EGYPT The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by TARIK TANSU YİĞİT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA August 2020 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. ----------------------------- Asst. Prof. Dr. Kenneth Weisbrode Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. ----------------------------- Prof. Dr. Tanfer Emin Tunç Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. ----------------------------- Asst. Prof. Dr. Owen Miller Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. -
FOTOGRAFS Reached After the First of Their Arms and Munitions at Points to Be Day Compromise
cvr iSS; FRENCH GIRLS COME TO ENTER AMERICAN CO LLEGES .SUM ... S:S n w-'-vmm' m sa mmmvx\ ■■■•■■mmmmwwmMBOKMm 1 LINE BE FOBCE STATE DEPARTMENT HA3 BEEN TOLD FLEET HAS GUNS TURN- ED ON OTTOMAN CAPITAL. / FIVE INTERSTATE-ORPHEUM ACTS and UNIVERSAL NEWS New Show Every Monday and Thursday. Daily Matinee 2:30. at 7:30 and 9:00. IZZET PASHA NEW PREMIER at Nights It Is Also Pointed Out British Forces Are Rapidly Clearing Palestine and Mesopotamia of Turk- ish Control. Copenhagen.—Upon the resignation of the Turkish ministry of Talaat Pasha, the premiership was assumed by Izzet Pasha, a former minister of war, instead of by Tewfik Pasha, foi> mer Turkish ambassador to Great Britain, as previously reported to an mz-m Exchange dispatch received here un- der date of October 14, Izzet Pasha, j it is also took stated, the portfolio of Sixty-two young French girls have arrived in America, the first of u group of iJ30 chosen for scholarships at minister of war. No foreign minister American universities. They are to study in American colleges, so that after the war they may return to France has yet been appointed. with American educational ideals and teach them there among their own people. Washington. — With the Berlin- Constantinople railroad cut by the al- 10 MAKE NO PEACE lied occupation of Nish, Germany is GERMAN REPLY DOES relying upon its Black Sea fleet 'o SLUES PENETRATE hold Turkey in line. Information has WITH THE KAISER NOT PLEASE BRITAIN been received at the State Depart- ment that the Turkish government NO ARMISTICE IS THINKABLE ATMOSPHERE has been told by Berlin that the fleet gem rosmox CHARGED WITH WHILE ATROCITIES CONTINUE SUSPICION—BELIEVE HUNS ■will open fire on the Ottoman capital —AUTOCRACY’S DAY IS DONE.