Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 25
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Armenia, Republic of | Grove
Grove Art Online Armenia, Republic of [Hayasdan; Hayq; anc. Pers. Armina] Lucy Der Manuelian, Armen Zarian, Vrej Nersessian, Nonna S. Stepanyan, Murray L. Eiland and Dickran Kouymjian https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004089 Published online: 2003 updated bibliography, 26 May 2010 Country in the southern part of the Transcaucasian region; its capital is Erevan. Present-day Armenia is bounded by Georgia to the north, Iran to the south-east, Azerbaijan to the east and Turkey to the west. From 1920 to 1991 Armenia was a Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR, but historically its land encompassed a much greater area including parts of all present-day bordering countries (see fig.). At its greatest extent it occupied the plateau covering most of what is now central and eastern Turkey (c. 300,000 sq. km) bounded on the north by the Pontic Range and on the south by the Taurus and Kurdistan mountains. During the 11th century another Armenian state was formed to the west of Historic Armenia on the Cilician plain in south-east Asia Minor, bounded by the Taurus Mountains on the west and the Amanus (Nur) Mountains on the east. Its strategic location between East and West made Historic or Greater Armenia an important country to control, and for centuries it was a battlefield in the struggle for power between surrounding empires. Periods of domination and division have alternated with centuries of independence, during which the country was divided into one or more kingdoms. Page 1 of 47 PRINTED FROM Oxford Art Online. © Oxford University Press, 2019. -
The Site of Tigranokerta: Status Quaestionis
Acta Ant. Hung. 56, 2016, 293–314 DOI: 10.1556/068.2016.56.3.2 MICHAŁ MARCIAK THE SITE OF TIGRANOKERTA: STATUS QUAESTIONIS Summary: This paper gives an overview of all major identifications of the site of Tigranokerta, the fa- mous foundation of the Armenian king, Tigranes II (the Great, ca. 95‒55 BCE). Firstly, the paper pre- sents ancient literary evidence; secondly, it discusses all major locations of Tigranokerta suggested to date (Siirt, Silvan, Arzan, Diyarbakιr, Tell Abad, and Kιzιltepe); and finally it reaches its own conclu- sions. It appears that in the current state of research, it is Arzan which is the most likely candidate for the site of Tigranes II’s new capital. The paper also engages with the latest archaeological excavations in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and takes issue with the identification of the site near Shahbulagh as the foundation of Tigranes the Great. Key words: Tigranokerta, Armenia, Parthia, Tigranes the Great, Mesopotamia, Arzan, Strabo, Tacitus INTRODUCTION As late as 1903, the eminent British historian Bernard W. Henderson called the iden- tification of Tigranokerta “the time-worn controversy”.1 However, since Henderson used those words, much has been written about the location of Tigranokerta, the famous foundation of perhaps the greatest Armenian king ever, Tigranes II (ca. 95–55 BCE), also known as Tigranes the Great.2 Many scholars have concluded that without proper This paper is part of my research project financed by the National Science Centre in Poland (UMO-2011/03/N/HS3/01159). The project (devoted to three regna minora of Northern Mesopotamia – So- phene, Gordyene and Adiabene) is being conducted at the University of Rzeszów under the supervision of Prof. -
Museums and Written Communication
Museums and Written Communication Museums and Written Communication: Tradition and Innovation Edited by Nick Winterbotham and Ani Avagyan Museums and Written Communication: Tradition and Innovation Edited by Nick Winterbotham and Ani Avagyan This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Nick Winterbotham, Ani Avagyan and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0755-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0755-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... viii Foreword ........................................................................................................ x Writing and Book within the General Context of the Museum: Speculations on the Problem of the Symposium ................................... 1 Hripsime Pikichian More or Less ................................................................................................ 13 Theodorus Meereboer A Civilisation in Museum Space: Some Theoretical Approaches ... 36 Albert Stepanyan Overcome Your Fears and Start Writing for an Online Community ................................................................................................. -
Rome and Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44-31 BC: a Study of Political Relations During Civil War
Durham E-Theses Rome and Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44-31 BC: A Study of Political Relations During Civil War VAN-WIJLICK, HENDRIKUS,ANTONIUS,MARGAR How to cite: VAN-WIJLICK, HENDRIKUS,ANTONIUS,MARGAR (2013) Rome and Near Eastern Kingdoms and Principalities, 44-31 BC: A Study of Political Relations During Civil War , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9387/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ROME AND NEAR EASTERN KINGDOMS AND PRINCIPALITIES, 44-31 BC A study of political relations during civil war Hendrikus Antonius Margaretha VAN WIJLICK Abstract This thesis presents a critical analysis of the political relations between Rome on the one hand and Near Eastern kingdoms and principalities on the other hand during the age of civil war from 44 until 31 BC. -
Area Studies
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 091 303 SO 007 520 AUTHOR Stone, Frank A. TITLE Armenian Studies for Secondary Students, A Curriculum Guide. INSTITUTION Connecticut Univ., Storrs. World Education Project. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 55p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3 15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibographies; *Area Studies; Cultural Pluralism; *Culture; *Ethnic Studies; Evaluation; *Humanities; Immigrants; Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; *Middle Eastern Studies; Minority Groups; Questioning Techniques; Resource Materials; Secondary Education; Teaching Methods IDENTIFIERS Armenians; *World Education Project ABSTRACT The guide outlines a two to six week course of study on Armenian history and culture for secondary level students. The unit will help students develop an understanding of the following: culture of the American citizens of Armenian origin; key events and major trends in Armenian history; Armenian architecture, folklore, literature and music as vehicles of culture; and characteristics of Armenian educational, political and religious institutions. Teaching strategies suggested include the use of print and non-print materials, questioning techniques, classroom discussion, art activities, field traps, and classroom visits by Armenian-Americans. The guide consists c)i the following seven units:(1) The Armenians in North America; (2) sk.,,tches of Armenian History;(3) Armenian Mythology; (4) lic)ices of Fiction and Poetry;(5) Armenian Christianity; (e) Armenian Fine Arts; and (7)Armenian Political Aims. InstrLF-ional and resource materials, background sources, teaching s...7atc,c !s, and questions to stimulate classroom discussion are prove.': :'fc,r each unit. (Author/RM) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NO1 NECESSARILY REPRE SENT OFF ICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY ARMENIAN STUDIES FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS P% A Curriculum Guide Prepared by Frank A. -
Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 29
Series I Volume XXIX, No. 4 December 2003 18 ARMENIAN 8811 NUMISMATIC JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. XXIX (2003) No. 4 Announcements 87 Letters 87 Latest 87 Obituary 88 Donations 88 Donations {Selected Numismatic Studies II Fund) 88 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Silver Coins of Artaxias II, Tigrtanes III, Artavasdes IV of Armenia 89 .., . { II) (A Critical book review'of A. ^ MOUSHEGHIAN and G. DEPEYROT, Hellenistic and Roman Armenian Coinage (1st c. BC - 1st c. AD), by Ruben VARDANYAN, ’ under the title of “The Bust of Laurit [laureate])” (Part II) 99 Armenian Numismatic Literature 12 .4., , (SAHAKYAN, Bagrat. A Counterfeit Armenian Paper Money) 13 ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL Series I Vol. XXIX. No. 4 December 2003 ANNOUNCEMENTS A few years ago we announced the "half price" sale of our numismatic books. Unfortunately, the discounted book sale has not been a great success. Therefore, it is discontinued as of August 31, 2003. For our new prices see the attached publication list. Effective September 1, 2003. All Armenian Numismatic Society members receive a 20% discount on all available publications: Armenian Numismatic Journal issues. Special Publications, Bedoukian publications, and also our silver medal(s). See the attached publication list. MTTIgM TO Tm roiTdDE Nice articles on counterfeit coins. I have a special interest in counterfeits from Soviet sources as you may guess. Pierre V. Haig, M.D. :, , ILAWST (dHI€)AIEID))) According to unverified sources (third or fourth party), a recently discovered large hoard of Cilician Armenian silver coins was sold in London at £16 per coin. The hoard was nearly 3200 pieces. Most of them belonged to King Levon I with 80 pieces to other kings. -
Conversion of Armenia
THE CONVERSION OF ARMENIA TO THE CHRISTIAN FAITH HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY THE CONVERSION OF ARMENIA TO THE CHRISTIAN FAITH BY W. ST. CLAIR-TISDALL, M.A., C.M.S. AUTHOR OF 'THE RELIGION OF THE CRESCENT,' ETC. ' Te Martyrum candidatus laudat exercitns: Te per orbem terrarnm sancta confitetur Ecclesia. Tu Rex Gloriae, Christe I '-Te Deum. THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY 56 PATERNOSTER ROW AND 65 ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD [A /l n'ghts reserved J PREFACE DURING the last few years the world ha~ witnessed a terribl.e spectacle. We nave seen a Christian nation in Asia, of the same Aryan blood as ourselves, suffering the most cruel wrongs at the hands of the Turks and their confederates, the Kurds. We have seen members of this Christian nation, men and women and little children, massacred in tens qf thousands, and our illustrated papers have presented us with photographic views of some of these terrible scenes. We have read of large numbers dying a martyr's death rather than embrace Islam, and have heard of those who had less courage and faith being driven at the point of the sword to repeat the ,creed of the. Arabian Antichrist. We have beheld some thing more strange still - the Christian nations of Europe hampered in their endeavours to put a stop to this state of things by their mutual ·distrust and jealousy of one another. And thus, as we draw near the end of the nineteenth century, our news papers are quietly discussing the question whether or not Turkey will succeed in exterminating the 6 PREFACE whole Christian population of her Armenian provinces, or in forcing upon them, at the sword's point, an apostasy worse than death. -
The Sparapetut'iwn in Armenia in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries
The Sparapetut'iwn in Armenia in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries by Robert Bedrosian This article was published in the journal Armenian Review Vol. 36 #2(1983) pp. 6-46. Robert Bedrosian received a Ph.D. from Columbia University's Department of Middle East Languages and Cultures in 1979. One of the most important offices in Arsacid Armenia belonged to the sparapet or commander-in-chief of the armies. Like many other offices in the Armenian kingdom such as those of the coronant, the chamberlain, and the master of the hunt, the sparapetut'iwn was a hereditary charge held traditionally by the senior member of one family, the Mamikoneans. Exactly when the sparapetut'iwn was instituted in Armenia is not known, since the earliest relevant Armenian sources (fifth century) give a confused picture of the establishment of Arsacid offices in the country. Likewise the time of the abolition of the office is unclear since one meets Mamikonean sparapets after the fall of the Armenian Arsacid kingdom (A.D. 428) and during the seventh and eighth centuries. In the medieval Bagratid and Arcrunid kingdoms as well as in Cilician Armenia, the sparapetut'iwn was still an important office, although with the removal of the Mamikoneans to the Byzantine empire in the late eighth century, its occupants were drawn from other lordly (naxarar) families. Because of Armenia's strategic geographical position between two mighty and inimical powers, Rome-Byzantium on the west and Iran on the east, the country was often forced to participate in the campaigns launched by one empire against the other. -
The Chronology of the Wars in Armenia, A.D. 51—63
The Classical Review http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR Additional services for The Classical Review: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here The Chronology of the Wars in Armenia, A.D. 51—63 Bernard W. Henderson The Classical Review / Volume 15 / Issue 04 / May 1901, pp 204 - 213 DOI: 10.1017/S0009840X00030080, Published online: 27 October 2009 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0009840X00030080 How to cite this article: Bernard W. Henderson (1901). The Chronology of the Wars in Armenia, A.D. 51—63. The Classical Review, 15, pp 204-213 doi:10.1017/S0009840X00030080 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/CAR, IP address: 147.188.128.74 on 10 Jun 2015 204 THE CLASSICAL REVIEW. table of the law) ? In this case they supply that St. Paul himself uses rbv wXrjcriov in another particular in which the Apostle §10 for ' neighbour'; he does not only reproduces Our Lord's answer to the lawyer quote it: and in § 9 has «" TIS eripa ivroXrj, (St. Mark 12 § 31). Not only, then, does where he is summing up the commandments he quote dyftinjcreis rbv trXtjcriov crov d>s iavrbv, that come in the Second Table. but refers to it as a second commandment. T. NICKLIN. This view is supported by the circumstance THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE WARS IN ARMENIA, A.D. 51—63. II.—A.D. 54-60. of auxiliaries, sent THE first few years of this period give us him by Quadratus very little difficulty: the last are the most from Syria: and all perplexing of this whole period A.D. -
Old Abovian Walking Tour
NOTES: ARMAVIR ARMAVIRB REGION MAP HHH a traveler’s reference guide ® excavations of some of the country’s most famous Highlights cities, from each period of the country’s history. ARMAVIR marz B INTRODUCTION Area: 1251 sq. km ²ðزìÆðÙ³ñ½ It is for its Christian history that the marz is most Population: 160300 • Visit Vagharshapat, the Seat of the famous for locals and Diaspora Armenians, who Marz capital: Armavir Catholicos and center of the Armenian make pilgrimages to Armenia as much to worship ByB RickH Ney Distance from Yerevan: 48 km Apostolic Church (p. 17) at the ca. 303 cathedral of Echmiadzin as to visit MapsB by RafaelH Torossian Marzpetaran: Tel: (237) 63 716 • Explore Metsamor, the birthplace of their homeland. And its Christian history is as Edited by BellaH Karapetian Largest City: Vagharshapat (Echmiadzin) brozne, and its 2800 BCE astral dramatic as its ritual, borrowing from Pagan rites observatory (p. 55) and beliefs that continue to thrive in their Christian TABLEB OF CONTENTS Armavir is Armenia’s Cradle of Civilization; home to some of the oldest cities in the Near East, the context. H • Attend Sunday service (or Feast Day) at INTRODUCTION (p. 3) world’s oldest known forging of bronze, and its first Echmiadzin cathedral; listen to its NATUREH (p. 3) Armavir is featured in Armenia’s Freedom Struggle Christian state. Both are just a few miles from spectacular choir (p. 29) DOH (p. 6) after WWI, and is home of the battle that insured each other, and taken together they explore a WHEN?H (p. 7) the country’s independence, at Sardarapat. -
Armenian Numismatic Journal, Volume 33
Series II Volume 3 (33), No. 4 December 2007 IB ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Vol. 3 (2007) No. 4 Schools 67 Letter Addressed to the Principals, U.S. Armenian Secondary Letters ^ Donations ^ 1-4 69 VARDANYAN, Ruben. Regarding Civic Bronzes Struck in Armenia in A.D. yo Armenian Numismatic Literature Unrecorded Field Letters 79 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Two Drachms of Tigranes II with Tokatlian of Constantinople ..81 SARYAN, L. A. Trade Tokens Issued by Meguerditch 87 NERCESSIAN, Y. T. Fantasy Euros of Armenia Numismatic VRTANESYAN, Levon and Oztiirk, Husnu. A Note on Armeno-Seljuq Seljuqs of Rum 91 Relations: A Tram of Cilician Armenia Overstruck by the QQ Armenian Numismatic Literature 94 Index ARMENIAN NUMISMATIC JOURNAL Series II Vol. 3 (33), No. 4 December 2007 LETTER ADDRESSED TO THE PRMCIPALS, ITS, ARMENIAN SECONDARY SCHHOLS SOCIETY WANTS TO DONATE BOOKS TO SCHOOLS One of the main objectives of the Armenian Numismatic Society has been the promo- tion and encouragement of the science of Armenian numismatics. To spread the knowledge of Armenian numismatics, for the past few decades, the So- ciety has been shipping numismatic books to Armenia to be distributed to Armenian schools of higher education. Armenian day-schools in the United States are subsidized by donations from parents, benefactors, and members of the Armenian community living within the immediate vicin- ity of the school. Tuition fees cover only a fraction of the total expenses. Tight budget limits the financial allocations for Armenological books; numismatic books are a luxury which is out of the question. Recently, the executive board of the Society decided to donate Armenian numismatic books to Armenian High Schools in the United States. -
An American Physician in Turkey : a Narrative of Adventures In
8\l 3170 US 81286 THE CANADIAN CAVEN Lib KNOX CO AN AMERICAN PHYSICIAN, IN TURKEY AN AMERICAN PHYSICIAN IN TURKEY A Narrative of Adventures in Peace and in War BY CLARENCE D. USSHER, M.D. GRACE. H. KNAPP, Collaborating WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY <$foe jftifcerside jDrejstf Cambridge 1917 CAVEN LIBRARY KNOX COLLEGE TORONTO COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY CLARENCE D. USSHER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - .. Published November iqt? To the memory of my beloved wife and the other martyrs, American and Armenian, who have laid down their lives for the name of Christ in Turkey during the Great World War. E/c u PREFACE IT has seemed to me most desirable that the story of the siege of Van and of the flight from Asia into Europe of most of the present survivors of a martyred race should be told in detail and put into permanent form. As the Armenians of Van were believed to have rebelled against the Otto man Government, it is important that the facts of the case should be made widely known, and that their actual loyalty, their patience under almost unimaginable provocation, and their hero ism when loyalty and patience proved of no avail, should receive their due meed of publicity and appreciation. I speak of what I do know by the witness of my own eyes and ears, my own nerves quivering in sympathy with the torture of the people I have labored for, my own fellowship with their sufferings. Many other missionaries in other parts of Tur key have also shared in the tragedy that has be fallen th Armenian race, some by the giving up of their own lives, others by the sacrifice of what was dearer than life itself.