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Keeping Music Alive! a Review of Mmino – the South African-Norwegian Cooperation in Music

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Keeping Music Alive! a Review of Mmino – the South African-Norwegian Cooperation in Music R 2012: 4 Keeping music alive! A review of Mmino – The South African-Norwegian cooperation in music Elling N. Tjønneland Joseph Gaylard Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) is an independent, non-profit research institution and a major international centre in policy-oriented and applied development research. Focus is on development and human rights issues and on international conditions that affect such issues. The geographical focus is Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Central Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. CMI combines applied and theoretical research. CMI research intends to assist policy formulation, improve the basis for decision-making and promote public debate on international development issues. Keeping music alive! A review of Mmino – The South African-Norwegian cooperation in music Elling N. Tjønneland Joseph Gaylard R 2012: 4 November 2012 Project number 11047 Project title Norad - Mmino Contents Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................... iv Acronyms and abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... vi Preface ........................................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Organisation and methodology ............................................................................................................. 1 2. The Mmino Project – an overview ........................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Origins, objectives and evolution .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Activities and funding ............................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Management ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Assessment of Mmino ............................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Relevance and overall impressions........................................................................................................ 6 3.2 From activities to results ....................................................................................................................... 9 3.3 Management ....................................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 The ending of Mmino and management of exit .................................................................................. 14 3.5 Summing up ......................................................................................................................................... 16 4. Lessons learnt and recommendations .................................................................................................... 17 4.1 Recommendations to the Norwegian Embassy ................................................................................... 17 4.2 Recommendations to the Department of Arts and Culture ................................................................ 18 4.3 Recommendations to the National Arts Council ................................................................................. 18 4.4 Recommendations to the Concerts Norway........................................................................................ 18 Annex I: Projects funded by Mmino (2000-2011) ........................................................................................... 19 Annex II: List of persons met .......................................................................................................................... 29 Annex III: Terms of reference ......................................................................................................................... 30 CMI REPORT KEEPING MUSIC ALIVE! R 2012: 4 Executive summary This report provides an independent review of and between South Africa and other SADC the Mmino programme. Mmino – the Tswana countries). word for “music” - was an initiative established in 2000 with the aim of Introduced at a relatively early moment in the strengthening South African and Norwegian evolution of the arts funding framework in the musical cultures through establishing links post 1994 period in South Africa, the Mmino between South African and Norwegian music programme has made a significant contribution initiatives and individuals. The programme to the music sector. In the broader context of ended in 2011. The purpose of the review is to funding of the arts in South Africa, the Mmino examine and evaluate the programme and the programme rapidly established a profile as a cooperation. Furthermore, the review looks responsive and engaged funder of music into the modes of the current cooperation and projects, particularly at the explore whether they are viable for continued emergent/developmental end of the music cooperation. industry. It has also initiated and funded several important co-operation projects Mmino was launched in 2000 as an effort to between Norway and South Africa. put in place a more structured approach and management of cultural co-operation between Norway and South Africa. The National Arts Results Council in South Africa was selected as the implementing institution in co-operation with The review has not assessed individual projects the Concerts Norway (Rikskonsertene). funded by Mmino, but has focused on Norway initially provided funding for a five- assessing achievements in relation to the stated year period. This was renewed in 2005 and objectives. This turned out to be a challenging 2008. The South African Department of Arts task due to the poor formulation of objectives and Culture came on board in 2008 and and near absence of their operationalisation in provided an additional ZAR 3 million. Total project agreements and business plan. In Norwegian funding is nearly NOK 32 million general, the objectives – and reporting on for the whole period. results – would have benefitted from a better and more practical formulation. Lack of clear objectives and purposes easily leads to an Relevance overemphasis on activities in the reports. This has reduced the efficiency of the programme Mmino’s main activity and focus have been as and achievement of objectives has been a grant-making structure with a specific focus uneven. The identified programme areas has on music. This has involved inviting however been addressed well and the activities applications from organisations and individuals and outputs are impressive considering the in South Africa and Norway and assessing resources available. applications and allocating funds to specific projects within selected programme areas. The main failure and shortcoming of the programme has been the failed integration with Since 2000, and until the last call for the National Arts Council. Mmino has applications in 2010, Mmino had received remained a separate programme management some 2659 applications, of which 668 has been unit within the Council. Mmino has had very received in the current 2008-2010 period. 322 limited success in influencing the wider policy applications were successful across this period. and funding framework for music “sideways” Of the 110 projects that received funding in the (within the Arts Council) and “upwards” current 2008-2010 period, 21 were exchange (toward for example national government). projects (between Norway and South Africa, iv CMI REPORT KEEPING MUSIC ALIVE! R 2012: 4 Management initiatives. Furthermore, lessons from achievements and failures of Mmino were not Mmino has been well managed. The Mmino sufficiently taken into account with a resulting coordinator is regarded as being highly slow start of a new programme. supportive and flexible in communicating with applicants and projects funded. Mmino has Recommendations for the future also been very good in adapting and responding timeously to requests and demands The review finds that there is much potential in for changes and improvements. further co-operation between Norway and South Africa in the music sector. There is an The reporting from Mmino has been interest on both sides and great potential for insufficient, although it has improved in the mutual benefits. At the same time such co- last programme period. There has been operation will need to be carefully nurtured insufficient attention to results and and facilitated. Furthermore, the mutual underreporting with important information not benefits will generally not be equal between reported at the level of detail that we would the two countries. The challenges facing the have expected. This also applies to the cultural sector and the performing arts, financial reporting. This is illustrated with including music, and the resources and the reporting on the many cases of forfeited institutions to deal with these, are vastly projects. They are often simply declared different in the two countries. Any viable forfeited by the programme committee and strategy for co-operation and partnership will reported as such to the
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